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Rahimi RA, Cho JL, Jakubzick CV, Khader SA, Lambrecht BN, Lloyd CM, Molofsky AB, Talbot S, Bonham CA, Drake WP, Sperling AI, Singer BD. Advancing Lung Immunology Research: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:e1-18. [PMID: 35776495 PMCID: PMC9273224 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0167st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian airways and lungs are exposed to a myriad of inhaled particulate matter, allergens, and pathogens. The immune system plays an essential role in protecting the host from respiratory pathogens, but a dysregulated immune response during respiratory infection can impair pathogen clearance and lead to immunopathology. Furthermore, inappropriate immunity to inhaled antigens can lead to pulmonary diseases. A complex network of epithelial, neural, stromal, and immune cells has evolved to sense and respond to inhaled antigens, including the decision to promote tolerance versus a rapid, robust, and targeted immune response. Although there has been great progress in understanding the mechanisms governing immunity to respiratory pathogens and aeroantigens, we are only beginning to develop an integrated understanding of the cellular networks governing tissue immunity within the lungs and how it changes after inflammation and over the human life course. An integrated model of airway and lung immunity will be necessary to improve mucosal vaccine design as well as prevent and treat acute and chronic inflammatory pulmonary diseases. Given the importance of immunology in pulmonary research, the American Thoracic Society convened a working group to highlight central areas of investigation to advance the science of lung immunology and improve human health.
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2
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Chen R, Kang R, Tang D. The mechanism of HMGB1 secretion and release. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:91-102. [PMID: 35217834 PMCID: PMC8894452 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00736-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nonhistone nuclear protein that has multiple functions according to its subcellular location. In the nucleus, HMGB1 is a DNA chaperone that maintains the structure and function of chromosomes. In the cytoplasm, HMGB1 can promote autophagy by binding to BECN1 protein. After its active secretion or passive release, extracellular HMGB1 usually acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule, regulating inflammation and immune responses through different receptors or direct uptake. The secretion and release of HMGB1 is fine-tuned by a variety of factors, including its posttranslational modification (e.g., acetylation, ADP-ribosylation, phosphorylation, and methylation) and the molecular machinery of cell death (e.g., apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, alkaliptosis, and ferroptosis). In this minireview, we introduce the basic structure and function of HMGB1 and focus on the regulatory mechanism of HMGB1 secretion and release. Understanding these topics may help us develop new HMGB1-targeted drugs for various conditions, especially inflammatory diseases and tissue damage. A nuclear protein that gets released after cell death or is actively secreted by immune cells offers a promising therapeutic target for treating diseases linked to excessive inflammation. Daolin Tang from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, USA, and colleagues review how cellular stresses can trigger the accumulation of HMGB1, a type of alarm signal protein that promotes the recruitment and activation of inflammation-promoting immune cells. The researchers discuss various mechanisms that drive both passive and active release of HMGB1 into the space around cells. These processes, which include enzymatic modifications of the HMGB1 protein, cell–cell interactions and molecular pathways of cell death, could be targeted by drugs to lessen tissue damage and inflammatory disease caused by HMGB1-induced immune responses
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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3
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Crucial role of stimulator of interferon genes-dependent signaling in house dust mite extract-induced IgE production. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13157. [PMID: 34162937 PMCID: PMC8222396 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92561-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a DNA sensor that responds to pathogens and induces type I interferon production. Herein, the role of STING in house dust mite extract (HDM)-induced allergic asthma was investigated. C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and Sting−/− mice were intratracheally sensitized with HDM, and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), sera, lungs, and mediastinal lymph nodes (MLNs) were analyzed. The total and HDM-specific serum IgE levels were lower in Sting−/− mice than in WT mice. B cell and IgE-positive B cell proportion in BALF and MLNs, respectively, was significantly lower in Sting−/− mice than in WT mice. Additionally, cyclic GMP-AMP, a STING ligand, augmented total and HDM-specific serum IgE levels and B cell proportion in BALF when applied in combination with HDM. To elucidate the role of STING in IgE production, follicular helper T (Tfh) cells, which are involved in B cell maturation, were investigated. Tfh cell proportion in MLNs decreased in Sting−/− mice, and IL-4 and IL-13 production by HDM-restimulated MLN cells from HDM-sensitized mice was decreased in Sting−/− mice compared with WT mice. Thus, STING plays an important role in the maturation and class switching of IgE-producing B cells in allergic inflammation via Tfh cells.
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4
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Pro-lymphangiogenic VEGFR-3 signaling modulates memory T cell responses in allergic airway inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:144-151. [PMID: 32518367 PMCID: PMC7725864 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0308-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In allergic airway inflammation, VEGFR-3-mediated lymphangiogenesis occurs in humans and mouse models, yet its immunological roles, particularly in adaptive immunity, are poorly understood. Here, we explored how pro-lymphangiogenic signaling affects the allergic response to house dust mite (HDM). In the acute inflammatory phase, the lungs of mice treated with blocking antibodies against VEGFR-3 (mF4-31C1) displayed less inflammation overall, with dramatically reduced innate and T-cell numbers and reduced inflammatory chemokine levels. However, when inflammation was allowed to resolve and memory recall was induced 2 months later, mice treated with mF4-31C1 as well as VEGF-C/-D knockout models showed exacerbated type 2 memory response to HDM, with increased Th2 cells, eosinophils, type 2 chemokines, and pathological inflammation scores. This was associated with lower CCL21 and decreased TRegs in the lymph nodes. Together, our data imply that VEGFR-3 activation in allergic airways helps to both initiate the acute inflammatory response and regulate the adaptive (memory) response, possibly in part by shifting the TReg/Th2 balance. This introduces new immunomodulatory roles for pro-lymphangiogenic VEGFR-3 signaling in allergic airway inflammation and suggests that airway lymphatics may be a novel target for treating allergic responses.
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5
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Salem A, Alotaibi M, Mroueh R, Basheer HA, Afarinkia K. CCR7 as a therapeutic target in Cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188499. [PMID: 33385485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The CCR7 chemokine axis is comprised of chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21) and chemokine ligand 19 (CCL19) acting on chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7). This axis plays two important but apparently opposing roles in cancer. On the one hand, this axis is significantly engaged in the trafficking of a number of effecter cells involved in mounting an immune response to a growing tumour. This suggests therapeutic strategies which involve potentiation of this axis can be used to combat the spread of cancer. On the other hand, the CCR7 axis plays a significant role in controlling the migration of tumour cells towards the lymphatic system and metastasis and can thus contribute to the expansion of cancer. This implies that therapeutic strategies which involve decreasing signaling through the CCR7 axis would have a beneficial effect in preventing dissemination of cancer. This dichotomy has partly been the reason why this axis has not yet been exploited, as other chemokine axes have, as a therapeutic target in cancer. Recent report of a crystal structure for CCR7 provides opportunities to exploit this axis in developing new cancer therapies. However, it remains unclear which of these two strategies, potentiation or antagonism of the CCR7 axis, is more appropriate for cancer therapy. This review brings together the evidence supporting both roles of the CCR7 axis in cancer and examines the future potential of each of the two different therapeutic approaches involving the CCR7 axis in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Salem
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford; Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Mashael Alotaibi
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford; Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Rima Mroueh
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford; Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Haneen A Basheer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, PO Box 132222, Zarqa 13132, Jordan
| | - Kamyar Afarinkia
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford; Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom.
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6
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Murakami Y, Ishii T, Nunokawa H, Kurata K, Narita T, Yamashita N. TLR9-IL-2 axis exacerbates allergic asthma by preventing IL-17A hyperproduction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18110. [PMID: 33093516 PMCID: PMC7581806 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is one of most famous allergic diseases, which develops lung and airway inflammation. Recent studies have revealed the relationship between the pathology of allergic asthma and the increase of host-derived DNA in inflamed lung, but the role of the DNA-recognizing innate immune receptor for the inflammation is unknown well. Here we investigated the role of Toll-Like Receptor 9 in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma without synthesized CpG-ODNs. To examine that, we analyzed the pathology and immunology of house-dust-mite (HDM)-induced allergic asthma in Tlr9–/– mice and TLR9-inhibitory-antibody-treated mice. In Tlr9–/– mice, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and the number of eosinophils decreased, and production of the Th2 cytokines IL-13, IL-5, and IL-4 was suppressed, compared with in wild-type mice. Interestingly, unlike Th2 cytokine production, IL-17A production was increased in Tlr9–/– mice. Furthermore, production of IL-2, which decreases IL-17A production, was reduced in Tlr9–/– mice. Blockade of TLR9 by treatment with TLR9-inhibitory-antibody, NaR9, effectively suppressed the development of allergic asthma pathology. IL-17A production in NaR9-treated mice was enhanced, which is comparable to Tlr9-/- mice. These results suggest that the TLR9–IL-2 axis plays an important role in Th2 inflammation by modulating IL-17A production in HDM-induced allergic asthma and that targeting of TLR9 might be a novel therapeutic method for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Murakami
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishii
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nunokawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
| | | | - Tomoya Narita
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
| | - Naomi Yamashita
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan.
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7
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Marin ND, Dunlap MD, Kaushal D, Khader SA. Friend or Foe: The Protective and Pathological Roles of Inducible Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue in Pulmonary Diseases. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2519-2526. [PMID: 31010841 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) is a tertiary lymphoid structure that resembles secondary lymphoid organs. iBALT is induced in the lung in response to Ag exposure. In some cases, such as infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the formation of iBALT structure is indicative of an effective protective immune response. However, with persistent exposure to Ags during chronic inflammation, allergy, or autoimmune diseases, iBALT may be associated with exacerbation of inflammation. iBALT is characterized by well-organized T and B areas enmeshed with conventional dendritic cells, follicular dendritic cells, and stromal cells, usually located surrounding airways or blood vessels. Several of the molecular signals and cellular contributors that mediate formation of iBALT structures have been recently identified. This review will outline the recent findings associated with the formation and maintenance of iBALT and their contributions toward a protective or pathogenic function in pulmonary disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy D Marin
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Micah D Dunlap
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Division of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70118
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110;
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8
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Burg D, Schofield JPR, Brandsma J, Staykova D, Folisi C, Bansal A, Nicholas B, Xian Y, Rowe A, Corfield J, Wilson S, Ward J, Lutter R, Fleming L, Shaw DE, Bakke PS, Caruso M, Dahlen SE, Fowler SJ, Hashimoto S, Horváth I, Howarth P, Krug N, Montuschi P, Sanak M, Sandström T, Singer F, Sun K, Pandis I, Auffray C, Sousa AR, Adcock IM, Chung KF, Sterk PJ, Djukanović R, Skipp PJ, The U-Biopred Study Group. Large-Scale Label-Free Quantitative Mapping of the Sputum Proteome. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:2072-2091. [PMID: 29737851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of induced sputum supernatant is a minimally invasive approach to study the epithelial lining fluid and, thereby, provide insight into normal lung biology and the pathobiology of lung diseases. We present here a novel proteomics approach to sputum analysis developed within the U-BIOPRED (unbiased biomarkers predictive of respiratory disease outcomes) international project. We present practical and analytical techniques to optimize the detection of robust biomarkers in proteomic studies. The normal sputum proteome was derived using data-independent HDMSE applied to 40 healthy nonsmoking participants, which provides an essential baseline from which to compare modulation of protein expression in respiratory diseases. The "core" sputum proteome (proteins detected in ≥40% of participants) was composed of 284 proteins, and the extended proteome (proteins detected in ≥3 participants) contained 1666 proteins. Quality control procedures were developed to optimize the accuracy and consistency of measurement of sputum proteins and analyze the distribution of sputum proteins in the healthy population. The analysis showed that quantitation of proteins by HDMSE is influenced by several factors, with some proteins being measured in all participants' samples and with low measurement variance between samples from the same patient. The measurement of some proteins is highly variable between repeat analyses, susceptible to sample processing effects, or difficult to accurately quantify by mass spectrometry. Other proteins show high interindividual variance. We also highlight that the sputum proteome of healthy individuals is related to sputum neutrophil levels, but not gender or allergic sensitization. We illustrate the importance of design and interpretation of disease biomarker studies considering such protein population and technical measurement variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Burg
- Centre for Proteomic Research, Biological Sciences , University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ , U.K.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , University of Southampton , Southampton SO16 6YD , U.K
| | - James P R Schofield
- Centre for Proteomic Research, Biological Sciences , University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ , U.K.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , University of Southampton , Southampton SO16 6YD , U.K
| | - Joost Brandsma
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , University of Southampton , Southampton SO16 6YD , U.K
| | - Doroteya Staykova
- Centre for Proteomic Research, Biological Sciences , University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ , U.K
| | - Caterina Folisi
- Centre for Proteomic Research, Biological Sciences , University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ , U.K
| | | | - Ben Nicholas
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , University of Southampton , Southampton SO16 6YD , U.K
| | - Yang Xian
- Data Science Institute , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , U.K
| | - Anthony Rowe
- Janssen Research & Development , Buckinghamshire HP12 4DP , U.K
| | | | - Susan Wilson
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , University of Southampton , Southampton SO16 6YD , U.K
| | - Jonathan Ward
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , University of Southampton , Southampton SO16 6YD , U.K
| | - Rene Lutter
- AMC, Department of Experimental Immunology , University of Amsterdam , 1012 WX Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,AMC, Department of Respiratory Medicine , University of Amsterdam , 1012 WX Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Louise Fleming
- Airways Disease , National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London & Royal Brompton NIHR Biomedical Research Unit , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Dominick E Shaw
- Respiratory Research Unit , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Per S Bakke
- Institute of Medicine , University of Bergen , 5007 Bergen , Norway
| | - Massimo Caruso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Hospital University , University of Catania , 95124 Catania , Italy
| | - Sven-Erik Dahlen
- The Centre for Allergy Research , The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 77 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Stephen J Fowler
- Respiratory and Allergy Research Group , University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
| | - Simone Hashimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Centre , University of Amsterdam , 1012 WX Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Ildikó Horváth
- Department of Pulmonology , Semmelweis University , Budapest 1085 , Hungary
| | - Peter Howarth
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , University of Southampton , Southampton SO16 6YD , U.K
| | - Norbert Krug
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Hannover , 30625 Hannover , Germany
| | - Paolo Montuschi
- Faculty of Medicine , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , 00168 Rome , Italy
| | - Marek Sanak
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Clinical Genetics, Medical College , Jagiellonian University , 31-007 Krakow , Poland
| | - Thomas Sandström
- Department of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine Respiratory Medicine Unit , Umeå University , 901 87 Umeå , Sweden
| | - Florian Singer
- University Children's Hospital Zurich , 8032 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Kai Sun
- Data Science Institute , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , U.K
| | - Ioannis Pandis
- Data Science Institute , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , U.K
| | - Charles Auffray
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, CNRS-ENS-UCBL-INSERM , Université de Lyon , 69007 Lyon , France
| | - Ana R Sousa
- Respiratory Therapeutic Unit, GSK , Stockley Park , Uxbridge UB11 1BT , U.K
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Cell and Molecular Biology Group, Airways Disease Section , National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London , Dovehouse Street , London SW3 6LR , U.K
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Airways Disease , National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London & Royal Brompton NIHR Biomedical Research Unit , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Sterk
- AMC, Department of Experimental Immunology , University of Amsterdam , 1012 WX Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Ratko Djukanović
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , University of Southampton , Southampton SO16 6YD , U.K
| | - Paul J Skipp
- Centre for Proteomic Research, Biological Sciences , University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ , U.K
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9
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Kim YI, Lee BR, Cheon JH, Kwon BE, Kweon MN, Ko HJ, Chang SY. Compensatory roles of CD8+ T cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in gut immune regulation for reduced function of CD4+ Tregs. Oncotarget 2017; 7:10947-61. [PMID: 26908454 PMCID: PMC4905450 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ Tregs need to migrate from the mucosal periphery into the draining lymph node via CCR7 to exert their suppressive effects. In this study, we investigated whether CCR7 deficiency resulted in failure of immune suppression in 2% dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Unexpectedly, intestinal inflammation was not exacerbated in the absence of CCR7. Expression of IL-10, a representative suppressive cytokine, was enhanced in CCR7KO CD8+ T cells. Colon CCR7KO CD8+ T cells reduced the activation of CD4+ T cells. Depletion of CD8+ T cells using anti-CD8 antibody exacerbated colitis in CCR7KO mice. Plasmacytoid dendritic cell numbers were also slightly increased during intestinal inflammation in the absence of CCR7, and the depletion of those cells exacerbated DSS-induced colitis in CCR7KO mice. These results suggest that CD8+ T cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells have compensatory roles in immune regulation in the gut for impaired function of CD4+ Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-In Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Bo-Ra Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jae-Hee Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-Eun Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Mi-Na Kweon
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
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10
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Increased TREM-2 expression on the subsets of CD11c + cells in the lungs and lymph nodes during allergic airway inflammation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11853. [PMID: 28928485 PMCID: PMC5605689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12330-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional APCs that traffic to the draining lymph nodes where they present processed antigens to naïve T-cells. The recently discovered triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-2 has been shown to be expressed on DCs in several disease models, however, its role in asthma is yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we examined the effect of allergen exposure on TREM-2 expression in the airways and on DC subsets in the lung and lymph nodes in murine model of allergic airway inflammation. Sensitization and challenge with ovalbumin reproduced hallmark features of asthma. TREM-2 mRNA expression in the whole lung was significantly higher in the OVA-sensitized and -challenged mice which was associated with increased protein expression in the lungs. Analysis of CD11c+MHC-IIhi DCs in the lung and draining lymph nodes revealed that allergen exposure increased TREM-2 expression on all DC subsets with significantly higher expression in the lymph nodes. This was associated with increased mRNA expression of Th2 and Th17 cytokines. Further analyses showed that these TREM-2+ cells expressed high levels of CCR-7 and CD86 suggesting a potential role of TREM-2 in mediating maturation and migration of DC subsets in allergic airway inflammation.
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11
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Matrine alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress via CCR7 signal. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11621-11628. [PMID: 28086227 PMCID: PMC5355291 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of matrine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that matrine improved intestinal inflammatory status and oxidative balance and enhanced chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) expression. In LPS-challenged mice and Caco-2 cells, matrine alleviated LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress via downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-17) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production. CCR7-siRNA transfection blocked the protective effects of matrine on LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress and exacerbated LPS caused injury. In conclusion, matrine alleviates LPS-induced intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress in mice and Caco-2 cells, which may be associated with CCR7 signal.
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12
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Papazian D, Hansen S, Würtzen PA. Airway responses towards allergens - from the airway epithelium to T cells. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 45:1268-87. [PMID: 25394747 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis is increasing, affecting up to 30% of the human population worldwide. Allergic sensitization arises from complex interactions between environmental exposures and genetic susceptibility, resulting in inflammatory T helper 2 (Th2) cell-derived immune responses towards environmental allergens. Emerging evidence now suggests that an epithelial dysfunction, coupled with inherent properties of environmental allergens, can be responsible for the inflammatory responses towards allergens. Several epithelial-derived cytokines, such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-25 and IL-33, influence tissue-resident dendritic cells (DCs) as well as Th2 effector cells. Exposure to environmental allergens does not elicit Th2 inflammatory responses or any clinical symptoms in nonatopic individuals, and recent findings suggest that a nondamaged, healthy epithelium lowers the DCs' ability to induce inflammatory T-cell responses towards allergens. The purpose of this review was to summarize the current knowledge on which signals from the airway epithelium, from first contact with inhaled allergens all the way to the ensuing Th2-cell responses, influence the pathology of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Papazian
- Department of Cancer & Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,ALK, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - S Hansen
- Department of Cancer & Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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13
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Raju R, Gadakh S, Gopal P, George B, Advani J, Soman S, Prasad TSK, Girijadevi R. Differential ligand-signaling network of CCL19/CCL21-CCR7 system. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2015; 2015:bav106. [PMID: 26504105 PMCID: PMC4620938 DOI: 10.1093/database/bav106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 7 (CCR7), a class A subtype G-Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR), is involved in the migration, activation and survival of multiple cell types including dendritic cells, T cells, eosinophils, B cells, endothelial cells and different cancer cells. Together, CCR7 signaling system has been implicated in diverse biological processes such as lymph node homeostasis, T cell activation, immune tolerance, inflammatory response and cancer metastasis. CCL19 and CCL21, the two well-characterized CCR7 ligands, have been established to be differential in their signaling through CCR7 in multiple cell types. Although the differential ligand signaling through single receptor have been suggested for many receptors including GPCRs, there exists no resource or platform to analyse them globally. Here, first of its kind, we present the cell-type-specific differential signaling network of CCL19/CCL21-CCR7 system for effective visualization and differential analysis of chemokine/GPCR signaling. Database URL:http:// www. netpath. org/ pathways? path_ id= NetPath_ 46.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Raju
- Computational Biology Group, Cancer Research Program-9, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud, Poojappura, Thiruvanathapuram 690 014, Kerala, India and
| | - Sachin Gadakh
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Discoverer, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560 066, Karnataka, India
| | - Priyanka Gopal
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Discoverer, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560 066, Karnataka, India
| | - Bijesh George
- Computational Biology Group, Cancer Research Program-9, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud, Poojappura, Thiruvanathapuram 690 014, Kerala, India and
| | - Jayshree Advani
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Discoverer, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560 066, Karnataka, India
| | - Sowmya Soman
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Discoverer, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560 066, Karnataka, India
| | - T S K Prasad
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Discoverer, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560 066, Karnataka, India
| | - Reshmi Girijadevi
- Computational Biology Group, Cancer Research Program-9, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud, Poojappura, Thiruvanathapuram 690 014, Kerala, India and
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14
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Cuppari C, Manti S, Chirico V, Caruso R, Salpietro V, Giacchi V, Laganà F, Arrigo T, Salpietro C, Leonardi S. Sputum high mobility group box-1 in asthmatic children: a noninvasive sensitive biomarker reflecting disease status. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2015; 115:103-7. [PMID: 26250770 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The monitoring of asthma is based mainly on clinical history, physical examination, and lung function test evaluation. To improve knowledge of the disease, new biomarkers of airway inflammation, including high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), are being developed. OBJECTIVE To evaluate sputum HMGB1 levels in children with stable, off-therapy, allergic asthma and to evaluate the relation between HMGB1 levels and lung function parameters. METHODS Fifty children with asthma (28 boys and 22 girls, median age 11.56 ± 1.41 years) and 44 healthy children (22 boys and 22 girls, median age 11.07 ± 2.12 years) were enrolled. Sputum HMGB1 was assessed in the cohort study. Lung function (predicted percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1%] and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% [FEF25%-75%]), serum total IgE levels, and asthma severity by validated Global Initiative for Asthma criteria were recorded. RESULTS Sputum HMGB1 levels were higher in children with asthma than in healthy controls (100.68 ± 10.03 vs 9.60 ± 3.76 ng/mL, P < .0001). Sputum HMGB1 levels also were positively related to total IgE levels in children with asthma (r = 0.6567, P < .0001). An inverse and strict correlation between sputum HMGB1 levels and pulmonary function indices also were observed in children with mild (FEV1%, r = -0.86544, P < .0001; FEF25%-75%, r = -0.53948, P < .05), moderate (FEV1%, r = -0.99548, P < .0001; FEF25%-75%, r = -0.48668, P < .05), and severe (FEV1%, r = -0.90191, P < .0001; FEF25%-75%, r = -0.66777, P < .05) asthma. CONCLUSION The present study provides evidence that sputum HMGB1 is a sensitive biomarker of allergic asthma in children because it was increased and correlated directly with asthma severity and inversely with lung function indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Cuppari
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sara Manti
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Valeria Chirico
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosangela Caruso
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Salpietro
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Valentina Giacchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Laganà
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Teresa Arrigo
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Salpietro
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Leonardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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15
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Increased B Cell ADAM10 in Allergic Patients and Th2 Prone Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124331. [PMID: 25933166 PMCID: PMC4416757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAM10, as the sheddase of the low affinity IgE receptor (CD23), promotes IgE production and thus is a unique target for attenuating allergic disease. Herein, we describe that B cell levels of ADAM10, specifically, are increased in allergic patients and Th2 prone WT mouse strains (Balb/c and A/J). While T cell help augments ADAM10 expression, Balb WT B cells exhibit increased ADAM10 in the naïve state and even more dramatically increased ADAM10 after anti-CD40/IL4 stimulation compared C57 (Th1 prone) WT B cells. Furthermore, ADAM17 and TNF are reduced in allergic patients and Th2 prone mouse strains (Balb/c and A/J) compared to Th1 prone controls. To further understand this regulation, ADAM17 and TNF were studied in C57Bl/6 and Balb/c mice deficient in ADAM10. C57-ADAM10B-/- were more adept at increasing ADAM17 levels and thus TNF cleavage resulting in excess follicular TNF levels and abnormal secondary lymphoid tissue architecture not noted in Balb-ADAM10B-/-. Moreover, the level of B cell ADAM10 as well as Th context is critical for determining IgE production potential. Using a murine house dust mite airway hypersensitivity model, we describe that high B cell ADAM10 level in a Th2 context (Balb/c WT) is optimal for disease induction including bronchoconstriction, goblet cell metaplasia, mucus, inflammatory cellular infiltration, and IgE production. Balb/c mice deficient in B cell ADAM10 have attenuated lung and airway symptoms compared to Balb WT and are actually most similar to C57 WT (Th1 prone). C57-ADAM10B-/- have even further reduced symptomology. Taken together, it is critical to consider both innate B cell levels of ADAM10 and ADAM17 as well as Th context when determining host susceptibility to allergic disease. High B cell ADAM10 and low ADAM17 levels would help diagnostically in predicting Th2 disease susceptibility; and, we provide support for the use ADAM10 inhibitors in treating Th2 disease.
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16
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Kang R, Chen R, Zhang Q, Hou W, Wu S, Cao L, Huang J, Yu Y, Fan XG, Yan Z, Sun X, Wang H, Wang Q, Tsung A, Billiar TR, Zeh HJ, Lotze MT, Tang D. HMGB1 in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 40:1-116. [PMID: 25010388 PMCID: PMC4254084 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 670] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Complex genetic and physiological variations as well as environmental factors that drive emergence of chromosomal instability, development of unscheduled cell death, skewed differentiation, and altered metabolism are central to the pathogenesis of human diseases and disorders. Understanding the molecular bases for these processes is important for the development of new diagnostic biomarkers, and for identifying new therapeutic targets. In 1973, a group of non-histone nuclear proteins with high electrophoretic mobility was discovered and termed high-mobility group (HMG) proteins. The HMG proteins include three superfamilies termed HMGB, HMGN, and HMGA. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), the most abundant and well-studied HMG protein, senses and coordinates the cellular stress response and plays a critical role not only inside of the cell as a DNA chaperone, chromosome guardian, autophagy sustainer, and protector from apoptotic cell death, but also outside the cell as the prototypic damage associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP). This DAMP, in conjunction with other factors, thus has cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor activity, orchestrating the inflammatory and immune response. All of these characteristics make HMGB1 a critical molecular target in multiple human diseases including infectious diseases, ischemia, immune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Indeed, a number of emergent strategies have been used to inhibit HMGB1 expression, release, and activity in vitro and in vivo. These include antibodies, peptide inhibitors, RNAi, anti-coagulants, endogenous hormones, various chemical compounds, HMGB1-receptor and signaling pathway inhibition, artificial DNAs, physical strategies including vagus nerve stimulation and other surgical approaches. Future work further investigating the details of HMGB1 localization, structure, post-translational modification, and identification of additional partners will undoubtedly uncover additional secrets regarding HMGB1's multiple functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | - Ruochan Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Wen Hou
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Lizhi Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xue-Gong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhengwen Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Experimental Department of Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510510, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Qingde Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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17
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Chu DK, Jimenez-Saiz R, Verschoor CP, Walker TD, Goncharova S, Llop-Guevara A, Shen P, Gordon ME, Barra NG, Bassett JD, Kong J, Fattouh R, McCoy KD, Bowdish DM, Erjefält JS, Pabst O, Humbles AA, Kolbeck R, Waserman S, Jordana M. Indigenous enteric eosinophils control DCs to initiate a primary Th2 immune response in vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:1657-72. [PMID: 25071163 PMCID: PMC4113937 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20131800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils natively inhabit the small intestine, but a functional role for them there has remained elusive. Here, we show that eosinophil-deficient mice were protected from induction of Th2-mediated peanut food allergy and anaphylaxis, and Th2 priming was restored by reconstitution with il4(+/+) or il4(-/-) eosinophils. Eosinophils controlled CD103(+) dendritic cell (DC) activation and migration from the intestine to draining lymph nodes, events necessary for Th2 priming. Eosinophil activation in vitro and in vivo led to degranulation of eosinophil peroxidase, a granule protein whose enzymatic activity promoted DC activation in mice and humans in vitro, and intestinal and extraintestinal mouse DC activation and mobilization to lymph nodes in vivo. Further, eosinophil peroxidase enhanced responses to ovalbumin seen after immunization. Thus, eosinophils can be critical contributors to the intestinal immune system, and granule-mediated shaping of DC responses can promote both intestinal and extraintestinal adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek K Chu
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Jimenez-Saiz
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Christopher P Verschoor
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Tina D Walker
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Susanna Goncharova
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Alba Llop-Guevara
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Pamela Shen
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Melissa E Gordon
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Nicole G Barra
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Jennifer D Bassett
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Joshua Kong
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Ramzi Fattouh
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kathy D McCoy
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin (UVCM), University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dawn M Bowdish
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Jonas S Erjefält
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University Hospital, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Oliver Pabst
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alison A Humbles
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MA 20878
| | - Roland Kolbeck
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MA 20878
| | - Susan Waserman
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Manel Jordana
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
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18
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Nureki S, Miyazaki E, Ishi T, Ito T, Takenaka R, Ando M, Kumamoto T. Elevated concentrations of CCR7 ligands in patients with eosinophilic pneumonia. Allergy 2013; 68:1387-95. [PMID: 24111618 DOI: 10.1111/all.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggest that dendritic cells and macrophages play an important role in inflammation of eosinophilic pneumonia. The mechanism of dendritic cell and macrophage accumulation into the lung, however, is unknown. Here, we hypothesized that CCR7 ligands, CCL19 and CCL21, contribute to the accumulation of dendritic cells and alveolar macrophages in the inflamed lung of patients with eosinophilic pneumonia. METHODS Concentrations of the CCR7 ligands as well as CCL16, CCL17 and CCL22 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of 53 patients with eosinophilic pneumonia, 29 patients with sarcoidosis, 18 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and 12 healthy volunteers were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell sources of CCR7 ligands and CCR7-expressing cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were evaluated by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS CCL19 and CCL21 levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly higher in patients with eosinophilic pneumonia than in controls. Levels of CCL19, but not CCL21, were statistically correlated with the levels of CCL16, CCL17 and CCL22 in patients with eosinophilic pneumonia. Immunocytochemistry revealed CCL19 expression in dendritic cells, macrophages and T-lymphocytes harvested from patients with eosinophilic pneumonia, and CCR7 expression in dendritic cells and macrophages. Levels of CCL19, but not CCL21, were significantly decreased after remission in patients with eosinophilic pneumonia. After provocation tests, CCL19 levels were elevated in all patients with eosinophilic pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that CCL19 rather than CCL21 may contribute to the accumulation of dendritic cells and macrophages in the inflamed lungs of patients with eosinophilic pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Nureki
- Department of Internal Medicine 3; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Yufu Japan
| | - E. Miyazaki
- Department of Internal Medicine 3; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Yufu Japan
- Center for Community Medicine; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Yufu Japan
| | - T. Ishi
- Department of Internal Medicine 3; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Yufu Japan
- Center for Community Medicine; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Yufu Japan
| | - T. Ito
- Department of Internal Medicine 3; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Yufu Japan
| | - R. Takenaka
- Department of Internal Medicine 3; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Yufu Japan
| | - M. Ando
- Department of Internal Medicine 3; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Yufu Japan
| | - T. Kumamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine 3; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Yufu Japan
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19
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Gusareva ES, Kurey I, Grekov I, Lipoldová M. Genetic regulation of immunoglobulin E level in different pathological states: integration of mouse and human genetics. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2013; 89:375-405. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena S. Gusareva
- Institute of Molecular Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Iryna Kurey
- Institute of Molecular Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Igor Grekov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Marie Lipoldová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague 4 Czech Republic
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20
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Lehtimäki S, Lahesmaa R. Regulatory T Cells Control Immune Responses through Their Non-Redundant Tissue Specific Features. Front Immunol 2013; 4:294. [PMID: 24069022 PMCID: PMC3780303 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are needed in the control of immune responses and to maintain immune homeostasis. Of this subtype of regulatory lymphocytes, the most potent are Foxp3 expressing CD4+ T cells, which can be roughly divided into two main groups; natural Treg cells (nTreg), developing in the thymus, and induced or adaptive Treg cells (iTreg), developing in the periphery from naïve, conventional T cells. Both nTreg cells and iTreg cells have their own, non-redundant roles in the immune system, with nTreg cells mainly maintaining tolerance toward self-structures, and iTreg developing in response to externally delivered antigens or commensal microbes. In addition, Treg cells acquire tissue specific features and are adapted to function in the tissue they reside. This review will focus on some specific features of Treg cells in different compartments of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Lehtimäki
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University , Turku , Finland
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21
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Comerford I, Harata-Lee Y, Bunting MD, Gregor C, Kara EE, McColl SR. A myriad of functions and complex regulation of the CCR7/CCL19/CCL21 chemokine axis in the adaptive immune system. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:269-83. [PMID: 23587803 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR7 and its ligands CCL19 and CCL21 control a diverse array of migratory events in adaptive immune function. Most prominently, CCR7 promotes homing of T cells and DCs to T cell areas of lymphoid tissues where T cell priming occurs. However, CCR7 and its ligands also contribute to a multitude of adaptive immune functions including thymocyte development, secondary lymphoid organogenesis, high affinity antibody responses, regulatory and memory T cell function, and lymphocyte egress from tissues. In this survey, we summarise the role of CCR7 in adaptive immunity and describe recent progress in understanding how this axis is regulated. In particular we highlight CCX-CKR, which scavenges both CCR7 ligands, and discuss its emerging significance in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Comerford
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Australia.
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