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Sengupta S, Yaeger JD, Schultz MM, Francis KR. Dishevelled localization and function are differentially regulated by structurally distinct sterols. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.14.593701. [PMID: 38798572 PMCID: PMC11118412 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.14.593701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The Dishevelled (DVL) family of proteins form supramolecular protein and lipid complexes at the cytoplasmic interface of the plasma membrane to regulate tissue patterning, proliferation, cell polarity, and oncogenic processes through DVL-dependent signaling, such as Wnt/β-catenin. While DVL binding to cholesterol is required for its membrane association, the specific structural requirements and cellular impacts of DVL-sterol association are unclear. We report that intracellular sterols which accumulate within normal and pathological conditions cause aberrant DVL activity. In silico and molecular analyses suggested orientation of the β- and α-sterol face within the DVL-PDZ domain regulates DVL-sterol binding. Intracellular accumulation of naturally occurring sterols impaired DVL2 plasma membrane association, inducing DVL2 nuclear localization via Foxk2. Changes to intracellular sterols also selectively impaired DVL2 protein-protein interactions This work identifies sterol specificity as a regulator of DVL signaling, suggests intracellular sterols cause distinct impacts on DVL activity, and supports a role for intracellular sterol homeostasis in cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Sengupta
- Cellular Therapies and Stem Cell Biology Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Jazmine D.W. Yaeger
- Cellular Therapies and Stem Cell Biology Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Maycie M. Schultz
- Cellular Therapies and Stem Cell Biology Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Kevin R. Francis
- Cellular Therapies and Stem Cell Biology Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, 57105, USA
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2
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Cai N, Cheng K, Ma Y, Liu S, Tao R, Li Y, Li D, Guo B, Jia W, Liang H, Zhao J, Xia L, Ding ZY, Chen J, Zhang W. Targeting MMP9 in CTNNB1 mutant hepatocellular carcinoma restores CD8 + T cell-mediated antitumour immunity and improves anti-PD-1 efficacy. Gut 2024; 73:985-999. [PMID: 38123979 PMCID: PMC11103337 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-331342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The gain of function (GOF) CTNNB1 mutations (CTNNB1 GOF ) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cause significant immune escape and resistance to anti-PD-1. Here, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of CTNNB1 GOF HCC-mediated immune escape and raise a new therapeutic strategy to enhance anti-PD-1 efficacy in HCC. DESIGN RNA sequencing was performed to identify the key downstream genes of CTNNB1 GOF associated with immune escape. An in vitro coculture system, murine subcutaneous or orthotopic models, spontaneously tumourigenic models in conditional gene-knock-out mice and flow cytometry were used to explore the biological function of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) in tumour progression and immune escape. Single-cell RNA sequencing and proteomics were used to gain insight into the underlying mechanisms of MMP9. RESULTS MMP9 was significantly upregulated in CTNNB1 GOF HCC. MMP9 suppressed infiltration and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells, which was critical for CTNNB1 GOF to drive the suppressive tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) and anti-PD-1 resistance. Mechanistically, CTNNB1 GOF downregulated sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), resulting in promotion of β-catenin/lysine demethylase 4D (KDM4D) complex formation that fostered the transcriptional activation of MMP9. The secretion of MMP9 from HCC mediated slingshot protein phosphatase 1 (SSH1) shedding from CD8+ T cells, leading to the inhibition of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3)-mediated intracellular of G protein-coupled receptors signalling. Additionally, MMP9 blockade remodelled the TIME and potentiated the sensitivity of anti-PD-1 therapy in HCC. CONCLUSIONS CTNNB1 GOF induces a suppressive TIME by activating secretion of MMP9. Targeting MMP9 reshapes TIME and potentiates anti-PD-1 efficacy in CTNNB1 GOF HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Cai
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Cheng
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Ma
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Liu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Tao
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yani Li
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Danfeng Li
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Guo
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Jia
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Yang Ding
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhong Chen
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanguang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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3
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Omble A, Mahajan S, Bhoite A, Kulkarni K. Dishevelled2 activates WGEF via its interaction with a unique internal peptide motif of the GEF. Commun Biol 2024; 7:543. [PMID: 38714795 PMCID: PMC11076555 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The Wnt-planar cell polarity (Wnt-PCP) pathway is crucial in establishing cell polarity during development and tissue homoeostasis. This pathway is found to be dysregulated in many pathological conditions, including cancer and autoimmune disorders. The central event in Wnt-PCP pathway is the activation of Weak-similarity guanine nucleotide exchange factor (WGEF) by the adapter protein Dishevelled (Dvl). The PDZ domain of Dishevelled2 (Dvl2PDZ) binds and activates WGEF by releasing it from its autoinhibitory state. However, the actual Dvl2PDZ binding site of WGEF and the consequent activation mechanism of the GEF have remained elusive. Using biochemical and molecular dynamics studies, we show that a unique "internal-PDZ binding motif" (IPM) of WGEF mediates the WGEF-Dvl2PDZ interaction to activate the GEF. The residues at P2, P0, P-2 and P-3 positions of IPM play an important role in stabilizing the WGEFpep-Dvl2PDZ interaction. Furthermore, MD simulations of modelled Dvl2PDZ-WGEFIPM peptide complexes suggest that WGEF-Dvl2PDZ interaction may differ from the reported Dvl2PDZ-IPM interactions. Additionally, the apo structure of human Dvl2PDZ shows conformational dynamics different from its IPM peptide bound state, suggesting an induced fit mechanism for the Dvl2PDZ-peptide interaction. The current study provides a model for Dvl2 induced activation of WGEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Omble
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shrutika Mahajan
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Ashwini Bhoite
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Kiran Kulkarni
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Roy S, Mehta D, Paradkar A, Chovatiya G, Waghmare SK. Dab2 (Disabled-2), an adaptor protein, regulates self-renewal of hair follicle stem cells. Commun Biol 2024; 7:525. [PMID: 38702433 PMCID: PMC11068889 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Disabled 2 (Dab2), an adaptor protein, is up regulated in the hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs); however, its role in any tissue stem cells has not been studied. In the present study, we have reported that Dab2 conditional knockout (Dab2-cKO) mice exhibited a delay in the HF cycle due to perturbed activation of HFSCs. Further, Dab2-cKO mice showed a reduction in the number of HFSCs and reduced colony forming ability of HFSCs. Dab2-cKO mice showed extended quiescence of HFSCs concomitant with an increased expression of Nfatc1. Dab2-cKO mice showed a decreased expression of anti-aging genes such as Col17a1, decorin, Sirt2 and Sirt7. Dab2-cKO mice did not show full hair coat recovery in aged mice thereby suggesting an accelerated aging process. Overall, we unveil for the first time, the role of Dab2 that regulate activation and self-renewal of HFSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayoni Roy
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Waghmare Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Darshan Mehta
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Waghmare Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Akshay Paradkar
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Waghmare Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Gopal Chovatiya
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Waghmare Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Sanjeev K Waghmare
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Waghmare Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, Maharashtra, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400085, India.
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Dominicci-Cotto C, Vazquez M, Marie B. The Wingless planar cell polarity pathway is essential for optimal activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2024; 16:1322771. [PMID: 38633293 PMCID: PMC11021733 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2024.1322771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
From fly to man, the Wingless (Wg)/Wnt signaling molecule is essential for both the stability and plasticity of the nervous system. The Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) has proven to be a useful system for deciphering the role of Wg in directing activity-dependent synaptic plasticity (ADSP), which, in the motoneuron, has been shown to be dependent on both the canonical and the noncanonical calcium Wg pathways. Here we show that the noncanonical planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway is an essential component of the Wg signaling system controlling plasticity at the motoneuron synapse. We present evidence that disturbing the PCP pathway leads to a perturbation in ADSP. We first show that a PCP-specific allele of disheveled (dsh) affects the de novo synaptic structures produced during ADSP. We then show that the Rho GTPases downstream of Dsh in the PCP pathway are also involved in regulating the morphological changes that take place after repeated stimulation. Finally, we show that Jun kinase is essential for this phenomenon, whereas we found no indication of the involvement of the transcription factor complex AP1 (Jun/Fos). This work shows the involvement of the neuronal PCP signaling pathway in supporting ADSP. Because we find that AP1 mutants can perform ADSP adequately, we hypothesize that, upon Wg activation, the Rho GTPases and Jun kinase are involved locally at the synapse, in instructing cytoskeletal dynamics responsible for the appearance of the morphological changes occurring during ADSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carihann Dominicci-Cotto
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, United States
- Institute of Neurobiology, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Mariam Vazquez
- Institute of Neurobiology, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, United States
- Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Bruno Marie
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, United States
- Institute of Neurobiology, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, United States
- Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, United States
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Liu Y, Hao R, Lv J, Yuan J, Wang X, Xu C, Ma D, Duan Z, Zhang B, Dai L, Cheng Y, Lu W, Zhang X. Targeted knockdown of PGAM5 in synovial macrophages efficiently alleviates osteoarthritis. Bone Res 2024; 12:15. [PMID: 38433252 PMCID: PMC10909856 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00318-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disease worldwide and new therapeutics that target inflammation and the crosstalk between immunocytes and chondrocytes are being developed to prevent and treat OA. These attempts involve repolarizing pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages into the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype in synovium. In this study, we found that phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) significantly increased in macrophages in OA synovium compared to controls based on histology of human samples and single-cell RNA sequencing results of mice models. To address the role of PGAM5 in macrophages in OA, we found conditional knockout of PGAM5 in macrophages greatly alleviated OA symptoms and promoted anabolic metabolism of chondrocytes in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that PGAM5 enhanced M1 polarization via AKT-mTOR/p38/ERK pathways, whereas inhibited M2 polarization via STAT6-PPARγ pathway in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. Furthermore, we found that PGAM5 directly dephosphorylated Dishevelled Segment Polarity Protein 2 (DVL2) which resulted in the inhibition of β-catenin and repolarization of M2 macrophages into M1 macrophages. Conditional knockout of both PGAM5 and β-catenin in macrophages significantly exacerbated osteoarthritis compared to PGAM5-deficient mice. Motivated by these findings, we successfully designed mannose modified fluoropolymers combined with siPGAM5 to inhibit PGAM5 specifically in synovial macrophages via intra-articular injection, which possessed desired targeting abilities of synovial macrophages and greatly attenuated murine osteoarthritis. Collectively, these findings defined a key role for PGAM5 in orchestrating macrophage polarization and provides insights into novel macrophage-targeted strategy for treating OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200092, China
- National Facility for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ruihan Hao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200092, China
- National Facility for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jia Lv
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xuelei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Churong Xu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ding Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200092, China
- National Facility for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhouyi Duan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200092, China
- National Facility for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Bingjun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200092, China
- National Facility for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Liming Dai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200092, China
- National Facility for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Wei Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200092, China.
- National Facility for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Gossen S, Gerstner S, Borchers A. The RhoGEF Trio is transported by microtubules and affects microtubule stability in migrating neural crest cells. Cells Dev 2024; 177:203899. [PMID: 38160720 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Directed cell migration requires a local fine-tuning of Rho GTPase activity to control protrusion formation, cell-cell contraction, and turnover of cellular adhesions. The Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) TRIO is ideally suited to control RhoGTPase activity because it combines two distinct catalytic domains to control Rac1 and RhoA activity in one molecule. However, at the cellular level, this molecular feature also requires a tight spatiotemporal control of TRIO activity. Here, we analyze the dynamic localization of Trio in Xenopus cranial neural crest (NC) cells, where we have recently shown that Trio is required for protrusion formation and migration. Using live cell imaging, we find that the GEF2 domain, but not the GEF1 domain of Trio, dynamically colocalizes with EB3 at microtubule plus-ends. Microtubule-mediated transport of Trio appears to be relevant for its function in NC migration, as a mutant GEF2 construct lacking the SxIP motif responsible for microtubule plus-end localization was significantly impaired in its ability to rescue the Trio loss-of-function phenotype compared to wild-type GEF2. Furthermore, by analyzing microtubule dynamics in migrating NC cells, we observed that loss of Trio function stabilized microtubules at cell-cell contact sites compared to controls, whereas they were destabilized at the leading edge of NC cells. Our data suggest that Trio is transported by microtubules to distinct subcellular locations where it has different functions in controlling microtubule stability, cell morphology, and cell-cell interaction during directed NC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Gossen
- Department of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Gerstner
- Department of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Annette Borchers
- Department of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
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8
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Ghosh C, Hu J. Importance of targeting various cell signaling pathways in solid cancers. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 385:101-155. [PMID: 38663958 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Most adult human cancers are solid tumors prevailing in vital organs and lead to mortality all over the globe. Genetic and epigenetic alterations in cancer genes or genes of associated signaling pathways impart the most common characteristic of malignancy, that is, uncontrolled proliferation. Unless the mechanism of action of these cells signaling pathways (involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and the maintenance of the stemness of cancer stem cells and cancer microenvironment) and their physiologic alteration are extensively studied, it is challenging to understand tumorigenesis as well as develop new treatments and precision medicines. Targeted therapy is one of the most promising strategies for treating various cancers. However, cancer is an evolving disease, and most patients develop resistance to these drugs by acquired mutations or mediation of microenvironmental factors or due to tumor heterogeneity. Researchers are striving to develop novel therapeutic options like combinatorial approaches targeting multiple responsible pathways effectively. Thus, in-depth knowledge of cell signaling and its components remains a critical topic of cancer research. This chapter summarized various extensively studied pathways in solid cancer and how they are targeted for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrayee Ghosh
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, Unites States.
| | - Jiangnan Hu
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, Unites States
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9
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Tan QH, Otgonbaatar A, Kaur P, Ga AF, Harmston NP, Tolwinski NS. The Wnt Co-Receptor PTK7/Otk and Its Homolog Otk-2 in Neurogenesis and Patterning. Cells 2024; 13:365. [PMID: 38474329 PMCID: PMC10930971 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is a highly conserved metazoan pathway that plays a crucial role in cell fate determination and morphogenesis during development. Wnt ligands can induce disparate cellular responses. The exact mechanism behind these different outcomes is not fully understood but may be due to interactions with different receptors on the cell membrane. PTK7/Otk is a transmembrane receptor that is implicated in various developmental and physiological processes including cell polarity, cell migration, and invasion. Here, we examine two roles of Otk-1 and Otk-2 in patterning and neurogenesis. We find that Otk-1 is a positive regulator of signaling and Otk-2 functions as its inhibitor. We propose that PTK7/Otk functions in signaling, cell migration, and polarity contributing to the diversity of cellular responses seen in Wnt-mediated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hui Tan
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138527, Singapore (A.O.); (P.K.); (A.F.G.); (N.P.H.)
| | - Agimaa Otgonbaatar
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138527, Singapore (A.O.); (P.K.); (A.F.G.); (N.P.H.)
| | - Prameet Kaur
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138527, Singapore (A.O.); (P.K.); (A.F.G.); (N.P.H.)
| | - Angelica Faye Ga
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138527, Singapore (A.O.); (P.K.); (A.F.G.); (N.P.H.)
| | - Nathan P. Harmston
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138527, Singapore (A.O.); (P.K.); (A.F.G.); (N.P.H.)
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Molecular Biosciences Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Nicholas S. Tolwinski
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138527, Singapore (A.O.); (P.K.); (A.F.G.); (N.P.H.)
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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10
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Xu Z, Guo Y, Wang L, Cui J. HECW1 restrains cervical cancer cell growth by promoting DVL1 ubiquitination and downregulating the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Exp Cell Res 2024; 435:113949. [PMID: 38266865 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.113949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
HECW1 belongs to ubiquitin ligase (E3) HECT family, and is found to be involved in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. However, the function of HECW1 in cervical cancer (CC) remains unknown. Clinical analysis showed that HECW1 is significantly decreased in CC tumor tissues. Ectopic expression of HECW1 suppressed cell growth, promoting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in CC cells, while downregulation of HECW1 reversed these trends, impeded proliferation and accelerated cell cycle progression of CC cells. Overexpressing of HECW1 reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and the protein expression of voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1). In addition, upregulation of HECW1 inhibited nuclear β-catenin accumulation, downregulated β-catenin/TCF/LEF-mediated transcriptional activity and the expression of downstream gene c-Myc, whereas inhibition of HECW1 received opposite results. Further results confirmed HECW1 affects the protein expression of dishevelled-1 (DVL1), a potent activator of Wnt/β-catenin, and inhibition of HECW1 inhibited the ubiquitination of DVL1, upregulating its expression. Inhibition of DVL1 restrained the promotion effect of HECW1 suppression on cell proliferation. In vivo experiments also verified that HECW1 suppression promoted the tumor formation of CC cells. Summary, we demonstrated that HECW1 inhibits CC cell proliferation and tumor formation by downregulating DVL1 induced Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Henan Gynecological Diseases (Gynecology Oncology) Clinical Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yilin Guo
- Henan Gynecological Diseases (Gynecology Oncology) Clinical Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Henan Gynecological Diseases (Gynecology Oncology) Clinical Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jinquan Cui
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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11
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Zhang M, Liu Q, Meng H, Duan H, Liu X, Wu J, Gao F, Wang S, Tan R, Yuan J. Ischemia-reperfusion injury: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:12. [PMID: 38185705 PMCID: PMC10772178 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01688-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury paradoxically occurs during reperfusion following ischemia, exacerbating the initial tissue damage. The limited understanding of the intricate mechanisms underlying I/R injury hinders the development of effective therapeutic interventions. The Wnt signaling pathway exhibits extensive crosstalk with various other pathways, forming a network system of signaling pathways involved in I/R injury. This review article elucidates the underlying mechanisms involved in Wnt signaling, as well as the complex interplay between Wnt and other pathways, including Notch, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B, transforming growth factor-β, nuclear factor kappa, bone morphogenetic protein, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor-Ca2+-Activin A, Hippo-Yes-associated protein, toll-like receptor 4/toll-interleukine-1 receptor domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β, and hepatocyte growth factor/mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor. In particular, we delve into their respective contributions to key pathological processes, including apoptosis, the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, cell hypertrophy, fibrosis, ferroptosis, neurogenesis, and blood-brain barrier damage during I/R injury. Our comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms involved in Wnt signaling during I/R reveals that activation of the canonical Wnt pathway promotes organ recovery, while activation of the non-canonical Wnt pathways exacerbates injury. Moreover, we explore novel therapeutic approaches based on these mechanistic findings, incorporating evidence from animal experiments, current standards, and clinical trials. The objective of this review is to provide deeper insights into the roles of Wnt and its crosstalk signaling pathways in I/R-mediated processes and organ dysfunction, to facilitate the development of innovative therapeutic agents for I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Hui Meng
- Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Hongxia Duan
- Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Gao
- The Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shijun Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Rubin Tan
- Department of Physiology, Basic medical school, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
| | - Jinxiang Yuan
- The Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China.
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12
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Chen X, Li J, Xiang A, Guan H, Su P, Zhang L, Zhang D, Yu Q. BMP and activin receptor membrane bound inhibitor: BAMBI has multiple roles in gene expression and diseases (Review). Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:28. [PMID: 38125356 PMCID: PMC10728939 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) is a transmembrane glycoprotein, known as a pseudo-receptor for TGFβ, as, while its extracellular domain is similar to that of type I TGFβ receptors, its intracellular structure is shorter and lacks a serine/threonine phosphokinase signaling motif. BAMBI can regulate numerous biological phenomena, including glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammatory responses, and cell proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, abnormal expression of BAMBI at the mRNA and protein levels contributes to various human pathologies, including obesity and cancer. In the present review, the structure of BAMBI is briefly introduced and its associated signaling pathways and physiological functions are described. Understanding of BAMBI structure and function may contribute to knowledge regarding the occurrence of diseases, including obesity and diabetes, among others. The present review provides a theoretical foundation for the development of BAMBI as a potential biomarker or therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochang Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Jue Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Aoqi Xiang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Hua Guan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Peihong Su
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Lusha Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Dian Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Qi Yu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
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13
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Sun B, Reynolds KS, Garland MA, McMahon M, Saha SK, Zhou CJ. Epigenetic implications in maternal diabetes and metabolic syndrome-associated risk of orofacial clefts. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:1835-1850. [PMID: 37497595 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are one of the most common types of structural birth defects. The etiologies are complicated, involving with genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Studies have found that maternal diabetes and metabolic syndrome are associated with a higher risk of OFCs in offspring. Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of several disease risk factors, including hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, obesity, and hypertension. Metabolic disease during pregnancy can increase risk of adverse outcomes and significantly influence fetal development, including orofacial formation and fusion. An altered metabolic state may contribute to developmental disorders or congenital defects including OFCs, potentially through epigenetic modulations, such as histone modification, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNA expression to alter activities of critical morphogenetic signaling or related developmental genes. This review summarizes the currently available evidence and underlying mechanisms of how the maternal metabolic syndrome is associated with OFCs in mostly human and some animal studies. It may provide a better understanding of the interactions between intrauterine metabolic status and fetal orofacial development which might be applied toward prevention and treatments of OFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kurt S Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Michael A Garland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Moira McMahon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Subbroto K Saha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Chengji J Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
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14
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Teo S, Bossio A, Stamatakou E, Pascual-Vargas P, Jones ME, Schuhmacher LN, Salinas PC. S-acylation of the Wnt receptor Frizzled-5 by zDHHC5 controls its cellular localization and synaptogenic activity in the rodent hippocampus. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2063-2079.e9. [PMID: 37557176 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Proper localization of receptors for synaptic organizing factors is crucial for synapse formation. Wnt proteins promote synapse assembly through Frizzled (Fz) receptors. In hippocampal neurons, the surface and synaptic localization of Fz5 is regulated by neuronal activity, but the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. Here, we report that all Fz receptors can be post-translationally modified by S-acylation and that Fz5 is S-acylated on three C-terminal cysteines by zDHHC5. S-acylation is essential for Fz5 localization to the cell surface, axons, and presynaptic sites. Notably, S-acylation-deficient Fz5 is internalized faster, affecting its association with signalosome components at the cell surface. S-acylation-deficient Fz5 also fails to activate canonical and divergent canonical Wnt pathways. Fz5 S-acylation levels are regulated by the pattern of neuronal activity. In vivo studies demonstrate that S-acylation-deficient Fz5 expression fails to induce presynaptic assembly. Our studies show that S-acylation of Frizzled receptors is a mechanism controlling their localization and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Teo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alessandro Bossio
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Eleanna Stamatakou
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Patricia Pascual-Vargas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Megan E Jones
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Laura-Nadine Schuhmacher
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Patricia C Salinas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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15
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Ghorani E, Swanton C, Quezada SA. Cancer cell-intrinsic mechanisms driving acquired immune tolerance. Immunity 2023; 56:2270-2295. [PMID: 37820584 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Immune evasion is a hallmark of cancer, enabling tumors to survive contact with the host immune system and evade the cycle of immune recognition and destruction. Here, we review the current understanding of the cancer cell-intrinsic factors driving immune evasion. We focus on T cells as key effectors of anti-cancer immunity and argue that cancer cells evade immune destruction by gaining control over pathways that usually serve to maintain physiological tolerance to self. Using this framework, we place recent mechanistic advances in the understanding of cancer immune evasion into broad categories of control over T cell localization, antigen recognition, and acquisition of optimal effector function. We discuss the redundancy in the pathways involved and identify knowledge gaps that must be overcome to better target immune evasion, including the need for better, routinely available tools that incorporate the growing understanding of evasion mechanisms to stratify patients for therapy and trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Ghorani
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Medical Oncology, Imperial College London Hospitals, London, UK.
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK; Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Sergio A Quezada
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK; Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Hematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.
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16
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Díaz-Coránguez M, González-González L, Wang A, Liu X, Antonetti DA. Disheveled-1 Interacts with Claudin-5 and Contributes to Norrin-Induced Endothelial Barrier Restoration. Cells 2023; 12:2402. [PMID: 37830616 PMCID: PMC10571979 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that norrin can reverse vascular endothelial-growth-factor (VEGF)-induced permeability in a β-catenin-dependent pathway. Here, we have explored the contribution of disheveled-1 (DVL1) in norrin-induced blood-retinal barrier (BRB) restoration. We provide evidence that in addition to canonical signaling, DVL1 promotes tight junction (TJ) stabilization through a novel, non-canonical signaling pathway involving direct claudin-5 (CLDN5) binding. Immunofluorescence staining of rat retinal cross-sections showed enriched expression of DVL1 and 3 at endothelial capillaries and co-localization with CLDN5 and ZO-1 at the TJ complex in primary bovine retinal endothelial cells (BRECs). Barrier properties of BRECs were determined via measurements of trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) or permeability to 70 kDa RITC-dextran. These studies demonstrated that norrin restoration of barrier properties after VEGF treatment required DVL1 as an siRNA knockdown of Dvl1 but not Dvl2 or Dvl3, reduced basal barrier properties and ablated norrin-induced barrier restoration. However, loss of Dvl1 did not decrease β-catenin signaling activity as measured by Axin2 mRNA expression, suggesting the contribution of a non-canonical pathway. DVL and TJ protein interactions were analyzed via co-immunoprecipitation of endogenous protein in BRECs, which demonstrated that DVL1 interacts with both CLDN5 and ZO-1, while DVL3 interacts only with ZO-1. These interactions were most abundant after inducing BRB restoration by treating BRECs with VEGF and norrin. DVL has previously been shown to form intramolecular bindings between the C-terminal PDZ-binding motif (PDZ-BM) with an internal PDZ domain. Co-transfection of HEK293 cells with DVL1 and CLDN5 or relevant mutants revealed that DVL1 interacts with CLDN5 through the DVL PDZ domain binding, CLDN5 PDZ-BM, in competition with DVL1 PDZ-BM, since DVL/CLDN5 interaction increases with deletion of the DVL1 PDZ-BM and decreases by co-expressing the C-terminal fragment of DVL1 containing the PDZ-BM or through deletion of CLDN5 PDZ-BM. In BREC cells, transfection of the C-terminal fragment of DVL1 downregulates the expression of CLDN5 but does not affect the expression of other proteins of the TJs, including ZO-1, occludin, CLDN1 or VE-cadherin. Blocking DVL1/CLDN5 interaction increased basal permeability and prevented norrin induction of barrier properties after VEGF. Combined with previous data, these results demonstrate that norrin signals through both a canonical β-catenin pathway and a non-canonical signaling pathway by which DVL1 directly binds to CLDN5 to promote barrier properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Díaz-Coránguez
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Laura González-González
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (L.G.-G.); (A.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Amy Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (L.G.-G.); (A.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xuwen Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (L.G.-G.); (A.W.); (X.L.)
| | - David A. Antonetti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (L.G.-G.); (A.W.); (X.L.)
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17
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Lu X, Mao J, Wang Y, Huang Y, Gu M. Water extract of frankincense and myrrh inhibits liver cancer progression and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition through Wnt/β‑catenin signaling. Mol Clin Oncol 2023; 19:77. [PMID: 37719039 PMCID: PMC10502803 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2023.2673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT), which serves an important role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) invasion and metastasis. Frankincense and myrrh (FM) are antitumor agents commonly used in clinical practice. The present study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of water extract of FM on the progression of liver cancer cells. FM was applied to study its effects on HCC cell proliferation. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated by wound healing and Transwell assays. In addition, western blot was used to study the protein levels associated with EMT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The nuclear translocation of β-catenin was detected by immunofluorescence assay. A non-toxic dose of FM significantly inhibited invasion and metastasis of liver cancer cells. Furthermore, FM promoted expression of EMT marker E-cadherin, while decreasing expression of vimentin and N-cadherin. Finally, the protein and the nuclear staining levels of Disheveled 2 and β-catenin were both suppressed by water extract of FM. The water extract of FM inhibited the migration and invasion of liver cancer cells and inhibited EMT by suppressing activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Lu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Jialei Mao
- Department of Oncology, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Yaodong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Maolin Gu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
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18
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Nishita M, Kamizaki K, Hoshi K, Aruga K, Nishikaku I, Shibuya H, Matsumoto K, Minami Y. Rho family small GTPase Rif regulates Wnt5a-Ror1-Dvl2 signaling and promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105248. [PMID: 37703992 PMCID: PMC10570955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho in filopodia (Rif), a member of the Rho family of small GTPases, induces filopodia formation primarily on the dorsal surface of cells; however, its function remains largely unclear. Here, we show that Rif interacts with Ror1, a receptor for Wnt5a that can also induce dorsal filopodia. Our immunohistochemical analysis revealed a high frequency of coexpression of Ror1 and Rif in lung adenocarcinoma. Lung adenocarcinoma cells cultured on Matrigel established front-rear polarity with massive filopodia on their front surfaces, where Ror1 and Rif were accumulated. Suppression of Ror1 or Rif expression inhibited cell proliferation, survival, and invasion, accompanied by the loss of filopodia and cell polarity in vitro, and prevented tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, we found that Rif was required to activate Wnt5a-Ror1 signaling at the cell surface leading to phosphorylation of the Wnt signaling pathway hub protein Dvl2, which was further promoted by culturing the cells on Matrigel. Our findings reveal a novel function of Rif in mediating Wnt5a-Ror1-Dvl2 signaling, which is associated with the formation of polarized filopodia on 3D matrices in lung adenocarcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiru Nishita
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
| | - Koki Kamizaki
- Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kyoka Hoshi
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kana Aruga
- Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ikumi Nishikaku
- Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shibuya
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunio Matsumoto
- Division of Tumor Dynamics and Regulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Japan; WPI-Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Minami
- Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
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19
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Zhang L, Adu IK, Zhang H, Wang J. The WNT/β-catenin system in chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder syndrome. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:2527-2538. [PMID: 36964322 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03569-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The WNT/β-catenin system is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that plays a crucial role in morphogenesis and cell tissue formation during embryogenesis. Although usually suppressed in adulthood, it can be reactivated during organ damage and regeneration. Transient activation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway stimulates tissue regeneration after acute kidney injury, while persistent (uncontrolled) activation can promote the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD-MBD is a clinical syndrome that develops with systemic mineral and bone metabolism disorders caused by CKD, characterized by abnormal bone mineral metabolism and/or extraosseous calcification, as well as cardiovascular disease associated with CKD, including vascular stiffness and calcification. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to comprehensively review the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway in relation to CKD-MBD, focusing on its components, regulatory molecules, and regulatory mechanisms. Additionally, this review highlights the challenges and opportunities for using small molecular compounds to target the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway in CKD-MBD therapy. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive literature review using various scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, to identify relevant articles. We searched for articles that discussed the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, CKD-MBD, and their relationship. We also reviewed articles that discussed the components of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, its regulatory molecules, and regulatory mechanisms. RESULTS The WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in CKD-MBD by promoting vascular calcification and bone mineral metabolism disorders. The pathway's components include WNT ligands, Frizzled receptors, and LRP5/6 co-receptors, which initiate downstream signaling cascades leading to the activation of β-catenin. Several regulatory molecules, including GSK-3β, APC, and Axin, modulate β-catenin activation. The WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway also interacts with other signaling pathways, such as the BMP pathway, to regulate CKD-MBD. CONCLUSIONS The WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway is a potential therapeutic target for CKD-MBD. Small molecular compounds that target the components or regulatory molecules of the pathway may provide a promising approach to treat CKD-MBD. However, more research is needed to identify safe and effective compounds and to determine the optimal dosages and treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbo Zhang
- The School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Isaac Kumi Adu
- The School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jingzhou and the Affiliated Hospital of Hubei College of Chinese Medicine, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kings and Queens University College and Teaching Hospital, Akosombo, Ghana
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jingzhou and the Affiliated Hospital of Hubei College of Chinese Medicine, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiancheng Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jingzhou and the Affiliated Hospital of Hubei College of Chinese Medicine, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Alshahrani SH, Rakhimov N, Rana A, Alsaab HO, Hjazi A, Adile M, Abosaooda M, Abdulhussien Alazbjee AA, Alsalamy A, Mahmoudi R. Dishevelled: An emerging therapeutic oncogene in human cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 250:154793. [PMID: 37683388 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a multifaceted and complex disorder characterized by uncontrolled rates of cell proliferation and its ability to spread and attack other organs. Emerging data indicated several pathways and molecular targets are engaged in cancer progression. Among them, the Wnt signaling pathway was shown to have a crucial role in cancer onset and progression. Dishevelled (DVL) acts in a branch point of canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathway. DVL not only acts in the cytoplasm to inactivate the destruction complex of β-catenin but is also transported into the nucleus to affect the transcription of target genes. Available data revealed that the expression levels of DVL increased in cell and clinical specimens of various cancers, proposing that it may have an oncogenic role. DVL promoted cell invasion, migration, cell cycle, survival, proliferation, 3D-spheroid formation, stemness, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and it suppressed cell apoptosis. The higher levels of DVL is associated with the clinicopathological characteristic of cancer-affected patients, including lymph node metastasis, tumor grade, histological type, and age. In addition, the higher levels of DVL could be a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in cancer as well as it could be a mediator in cancer chemoresistance to Methotrexate, paclitaxel, and 5-fluorouracil. This study aimed to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism of DVL in cancer pathogenesis as well as to explore its importance in cancer diagnosis and prognosis as well as its role as a mediator in cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nodir Rakhimov
- Department of Oncology, Samarkand State Medical University, Amir Temur Street 18, Samarkand, Uzbekistan; Department of Scientific Affairs,Tashkent State Dental Institute, Makhtumkuli 103, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Arti Rana
- Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Hashem O Alsaab
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohaned Adile
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | | | - Ali Alsalamy
- College of Technical Engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna 66002, Iraq
| | - Reza Mahmoudi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Hanly JJ, Loh LS, Mazo-Vargas A, Rivera-Miranda TS, Livraghi L, Tendolkar A, Day CR, Liutikaite N, Earls EA, Corning OBWH, D'Souza N, Hermina-Perez JJ, Mehta C, Ainsworth JA, Rossi M, Papa R, McMillan WO, Perry MW, Martin A. Frizzled2 receives WntA signaling during butterfly wing pattern formation. Development 2023; 150:dev201868. [PMID: 37602496 PMCID: PMC10560568 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Butterfly color patterns provide visible and biodiverse phenotypic readouts of the patterning processes. Although the secreted ligand WntA has been shown to instruct the color pattern formation in butterflies, its mode of reception remains elusive. Butterfly genomes encode four homologs of the Frizzled-family of Wnt receptors. Here, we show that CRISPR mosaic knockouts of frizzled2 (fz2) phenocopy the color pattern effects of WntA loss of function in multiple nymphalids. Whereas WntA mosaic clones result in intermediate patterns of reduced size, fz2 clones are cell-autonomous, consistent with a morphogen function. Shifts in expression of WntA and fz2 in WntA crispant pupae show that they are under positive and negative feedback, respectively. Fz1 is required for Wnt-independent planar cell polarity in the wing epithelium. Fz3 and Fz4 show phenotypes consistent with Wnt competitive-antagonist functions in vein formation (Fz3 and Fz4), wing margin specification (Fz3), and color patterning in the Discalis and Marginal Band Systems (Fz4). Overall, these data show that the WntA/Frizzled2 morphogen-receptor pair forms a signaling axis that instructs butterfly color patterning and shed light on the functional diversity of insect Frizzled receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Hanly
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa 0843-03092, Panama
| | - Ling S. Loh
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Anyi Mazo-Vargas
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | | | - Luca Livraghi
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa 0843-03092, Panama
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Amruta Tendolkar
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Christopher R. Day
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Neringa Liutikaite
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Emily A. Earls
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Olaf B. W. H. Corning
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Natalie D'Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - José J. Hermina-Perez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Caroline Mehta
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Julia A. Ainsworth
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Matteo Rossi
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Riccardo Papa
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Río Piedras, San Juan 00931, Puerto Rico
- Molecular Sciences and Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan 00931, Puerto Rico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parma 43121, Italy
| | - W. Owen McMillan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa 0843-03092, Panama
| | - Michael W. Perry
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Arnaud Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa 0843-03092, Panama
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22
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Lien JC, Wang YL. Cyclic stretching combined with cell-cell adhesion is sufficient for inducing cell intercalation. Biophys J 2023; 122:3146-3158. [PMID: 37408306 PMCID: PMC10432222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the important role of cell intercalation within a collective has long been recognized particularly for morphogenesis, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here we investigate the possibility that cellular responses to cyclic stretching play a major role in this process. By applying synchronized imaging and cyclic stretching to epithelial cells cultured on micropatterned polyacrylamide (PAA) substrates, we discovered that uniaxial cyclic stretching induces cell intercalation along with cell shape change and cell-cell interfacial remodeling. The process involved intermediate steps as previously reported for cell intercalation during embryonic morphogenesis, including the appearance of cell vertices, anisotropic vertex resolution, and directional expansion of cell-cell interface. Using mathematical modeling, we further found that cell shape change in conjunction with dynamic cell-cell adhesions was sufficient to account for the observations. Further investigation with small-molecule inhibitors indicated that disruption of myosin II activities suppressed cyclic stretching-induced intercalation while inhibiting the appearance of oriented vertices. Inhibition of Wnt signaling did not suppress stretch-induced cell shape change but disrupted cell intercalation and vertex resolution. Our results suggest that cyclic stretching, by inducing cell shape change and reorientation in the presence of dynamic cell-cell adhesions, can induce at least some aspects of cell intercalation and that this process is dependent in distinct ways on myosin II activities and Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Chien Lien
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yu-Li Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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23
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Grätz L, Kowalski-Jahn M, Scharf MM, Kozielewicz P, Jahn M, Bous J, Lambert NA, Gloriam DE, Schulte G. Pathway selectivity in Frizzleds is achieved by conserved micro-switches defining pathway-determining, active conformations. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4573. [PMID: 37516754 PMCID: PMC10387068 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The class Frizzled of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), consisting of ten Frizzled (FZD1-10) paralogs and Smoothened, remains one of the most enigmatic GPCR families. This class mediates signaling predominantly through Disheveled (DVL) or heterotrimeric G proteins. However, the mechanisms underlying pathway selection are elusive. Here we employ a structure-driven mutagenesis approach in combination with an extensive panel of functional signaling readouts to investigate the importance of conserved state-stabilizing residues in FZD5 for signal specification. Similar data were obtained for FZD4 and FZD10 suggesting that our findings can be extrapolated to other members of the FZD family. Comparative molecular dynamics simulations of wild type and selected FZD5 mutants further support the concept that distinct conformational changes in FZDs specify the signal outcome. In conclusion, we find that FZD5 and FZDs in general prefer coupling to DVL rather than heterotrimeric G proteins and that distinct active state micro-switches in the receptor are essential for pathway selection arguing for conformational changes in the receptor protein defining transducer selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Grätz
- Karolinska Institutet, Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Sec. Receptor Biology & Signaling, Biomedicum, S-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Kowalski-Jahn
- Karolinska Institutet, Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Sec. Receptor Biology & Signaling, Biomedicum, S-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magdalena M Scharf
- Karolinska Institutet, Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Sec. Receptor Biology & Signaling, Biomedicum, S-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pawel Kozielewicz
- Karolinska Institutet, Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Sec. Receptor Biology & Signaling, Biomedicum, S-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Jahn
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, S-17121, Solna, Sweden
- Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens, Bioinformatics platform, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julien Bous
- Karolinska Institutet, Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Sec. Receptor Biology & Signaling, Biomedicum, S-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nevin A Lambert
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - David E Gloriam
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Schulte
- Karolinska Institutet, Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Sec. Receptor Biology & Signaling, Biomedicum, S-17165, Stockholm, Sweden.
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24
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Banerjee TD, Murugesan SN, Connahs H, Monteiro A. Spatial and temporal regulation of Wnt signaling pathway members in the development of butterfly wing patterns. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg3877. [PMID: 37494447 PMCID: PMC10371022 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg3877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling members are involved in the differentiation of cells associated with eyespot and band color patterns on the wings of butterflies, but the identity and spatio-temporal regulation of specific Wnt pathway members remains unclear. Here, we explore the localization and function of Armadillo/β-catenin dependent (canonical) and Armadillo/β-catenin independent (noncanonical) Wnt signaling in eyespot and band development in Bicyclus anynana by localizing Armadillo (Arm), the expression of all eight Wnt ligand and four frizzled receptor transcripts present in the genome of this species and testing the function of some of the ligands and receptors using CRISPR-Cas9. We show that distinct Wnt signaling pathways are essential for eyespot and band patterning in butterflies and are likely interacting to control their active domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirtha Das Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore - 117557
| | | | - Heidi Connahs
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore - 117557
| | - Antόnia Monteiro
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore - 117557
- Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore - 138527
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25
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Takahashi-Kanemitsu A, Lu M, Knight CT, Yamamoto T, Hayashi T, Mii Y, Ooki T, Kikuchi I, Kikuchi A, Barker N, Susaki EA, Taira M, Hatakeyama M. The Helicobacter pylori CagA oncoprotein disrupts Wnt/PCP signaling and promotes hyperproliferation of pyloric gland base cells. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabp9020. [PMID: 37463245 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abp9020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori strains that deliver the oncoprotein CagA into gastric epithelial cells are the major etiologic agents of upper gastric diseases including gastric cancer. CagA promotes gastric carcinogenesis through interactions with multiple host proteins. Here, we show that CagA also disrupts Wnt-dependent planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP), which orients cells within the plane of an epithelium and coordinates collective cell behaviors such as convergent extension to enable epithelial elongation during development. Ectopic expression of CagA in Xenopus laevis embryos impaired gastrulation, neural tube formation, and axis elongation, processes driven by convergent extension movements that depend on the Wnt/PCP pathway. Mice specifically expressing CagA in the stomach epithelium had longer pyloric glands and mislocalization of the tetraspanin proteins VANGL1 and VANGL2 (VANGL1/2), which are critical components of Wnt/PCP signaling. The increased pyloric gland length was due to hyperproliferation of cells at the gland base, where Lgr5+ stem and progenitor cells reside, and was associated with fewer differentiated enteroendocrine cells. In cultured human gastric epithelial cells, the N terminus of CagA interacted with the C-terminal cytoplasmic tails of VANGL1/2, which impaired Wnt/PCP signaling by inducing the mislocalization of VANGL1/2 from the plasma membrane to the cytoplasm. Thus, CagA may contribute to the development of gastric cancer by subverting a Wnt/PCP-dependent mechanism that restrains pyloric gland stem cell proliferation and promotes enteroendocrine differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Takahashi-Kanemitsu
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biomedicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Mengxue Lu
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Christopher Takaya Knight
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Takuo Hayashi
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mii
- National Institute for Basic Biology and Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takuya Ooki
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Ippei Kikuchi
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nick Barker
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- Division of Epithelial Stem Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 924-1192, Japan
| | - Etsuo A Susaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biomedicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Masanori Taira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Masanori Hatakeyama
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
- Research Center of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
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26
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Akhavanfar R, Shafagh SG, Mohammadpour B, Farahmand Y, Lotfalizadeh MH, Kookli K, Adili A, Siri G, Eshagh Hosseini SM. A comprehensive insight into the correlation between ncRNAs and the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in gastric cancer pathogenesis. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:166. [PMID: 37386429 PMCID: PMC10308667 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past decades, gastric cancer (GC) has emerged as one of the most frequent malignancies with a growing rate of prevalence around the world. Despite considerable advances in therapeutic methods, the prognosis and management of patients with gastric cancer (GC) continue to be poor. As one of the candidate molecular targets in the treatment of many types of cancer, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway includes a family of proteins that have important functions in adult tissue homeostasis and embryonic development. The aberrant regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is strongly correlated with the initiation and development of numerous cancers, including GC. Therefore, Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been identified as one of the main targets for extending therapeutic approaches for GC patients. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs and long ncRNAs, are important components of epigenetic mechanisms in gene regulation. They play vital roles in various molecular and cellular processes and regulate many signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Insights into these regulatory molecules involved in GC development may lead to the identification of potential targets for overcoming the limitations of current therapeutic approaches. Consequently, this review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of ncRNAs interactions involved in Wnt/β-catenin pathway function in GC with diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roozbeh Akhavanfar
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | | - Yalda Farahmand
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Keihan Kookli
- International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Adili
- Senior Adult Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Oncology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Goli Siri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amir Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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27
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Liu Y, Gao Q, Feng X, Chen G, Jiang X, Chen D, Yang Z. Aquaporin 9 is involved in CRC metastasis through DVL2-dependent Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2023; 11:goad033. [PMID: 37360194 PMCID: PMC10287913 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aquaporin 9 (AQP9) is permeable to water or other small molecules, and plays an important role in various cancers. We previously found that AQP9 was related to the efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to identify the role and regulatory mechanism of AQP9 in CRC metastasis. Methods The clinical significance of AQP9 was analysed by using bioinformatics and tissue microarray. Transcriptome sequencing, Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay, Biacore, and co-immunoprecipitation were employed to demonstrate the regulatory mechanism of AQP9 in CRC. The relationship between AQP9 and CRC metastasis was verified in vitro and in vivo by using real-time cell analysis assay, high content screening, and liver metastasis models of nude mice. Results We found that AQP9 was highly expressed in metastatic CRC. AQP9 overexpression reduced cell roundness and enhanced cell motility in CRC. We further showed that AQP9 interacted with Dishevelled 2 (DVL2) via the C-terminal SVIM motif, resulting in DVL2 stabilization and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. Additionally, we identified the E3 ligase neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated 4-like (NEDD4L) as a modulator regulating the ubiquitination and degradation of AQP9. Conclusions Collectively, our study revealed the important role of AQP9 in regulating DVL2 stabilization and Wnt/β-catenin signaling to promote CRC metastasis. Targeting the NEDD4L-AQP9-DVL2 axis might have therapeutic usefulness in metastatic CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guanxing Chen
- Artificial Intelligence Medical Research Center, School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xuefei Jiang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Daici Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zihuan Yang
- Corresponding author. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China. Tel.: +86-20-38455491;
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28
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An BC, Ahn JY, Kwon D, Kwak SH, Heo JY, Kim S, Ryu Y, Chung MJ. Anti-Cancer Roles of Probiotic-Derived P8 Protein in Colorectal Cancer Cell Line DLD-1. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9857. [PMID: 37373005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel probiotics-derived protein, P8, suppresses the growth of colorectal cancer (CRC). P8 can penetrate the cell membrane via endocytosis and cause cell cycle arrest in DLD-1 cells through down-regulation of CDK1/Cyclin B1. However, neither the protein involved in the endocytosis of P8 nor the cell cycle arrest targets of P8 are known. We identified two P8-interacting target proteins [importin subunit alpha-4 (KPNA3) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β)] using P8 as a bait in pull-down assays of DLD-1 cell lysates. Endocytosed P8 in the cytosol was found to bind specifically to GSK3β, preventing its inactivation by protein kinases AKT/CK1ε/PKA. The subsequent activation of GSK3β led to strong phosphorylation (S33,37/T41) of β-catenin, resulting in its subsequent degradation. P8 in the cytosol was also found to be translocated into the nucleus by KPNA3 and importin. In the nucleus, after its release, P8 binds directly to the intron regions of the GSK3β gene, leading to dysregulation of GSK3β transcription. GSK3β is a key protein kinase in Wnt signaling, which controls cell proliferation during CRC development. P8 can result in a cell cycle arrest morphology in CRC cells, even when they are in the Wnt ON signaling state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Chull An
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech, Co., Ltd., 50 Aegibong-ro 409 Beon-gil, Gaegok-ri, Wolgot-myeon, Gimpo-si 10003, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Ahn
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech, Co., Ltd., 50 Aegibong-ro 409 Beon-gil, Gaegok-ri, Wolgot-myeon, Gimpo-si 10003, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Daebeom Kwon
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech, Co., Ltd., 50 Aegibong-ro 409 Beon-gil, Gaegok-ri, Wolgot-myeon, Gimpo-si 10003, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Kwak
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech, Co., Ltd., 50 Aegibong-ro 409 Beon-gil, Gaegok-ri, Wolgot-myeon, Gimpo-si 10003, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Heo
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech, Co., Ltd., 50 Aegibong-ro 409 Beon-gil, Gaegok-ri, Wolgot-myeon, Gimpo-si 10003, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Kim
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech, Co., Ltd., 50 Aegibong-ro 409 Beon-gil, Gaegok-ri, Wolgot-myeon, Gimpo-si 10003, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongku Ryu
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech, Co., Ltd., 50 Aegibong-ro 409 Beon-gil, Gaegok-ri, Wolgot-myeon, Gimpo-si 10003, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jun Chung
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech, Co., Ltd., 50 Aegibong-ro 409 Beon-gil, Gaegok-ri, Wolgot-myeon, Gimpo-si 10003, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Zhang C, Tannous E, Thomas A, Jung N, Ma E, Zheng JJ. Dexamethasone Modulates the Dynamics of Wnt Signaling in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells. Vision (Basel) 2023; 7:43. [PMID: 37368816 DOI: 10.3390/vision7020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Trabecular meshwork (TM) tissue is highly specialized, and its structural integrity is crucial for maintaining homeostatic intraocular pressure (IOP). The administration of glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone (DEX), can perturb the TM structure and significantly increase IOP in susceptible individuals, resulting in ocular diseases such as steroid-induced glaucoma, a form of open-angle glaucoma. Although the exact mechanism involved in steroid-induced glaucoma remains elusive, increasing evidence suggests that DEX may act through various signaling cascades in TM cells. Despite uncertainty surrounding the specific process by which steroid-induced glaucoma occurs, there is growing evidence to indicate that DEX can impact multiple signaling pathways within TM cells. In this study, we examined the impact of DEX treatment on the Wnt signaling pathway in TM cells, given that Wnt signaling has been reported to play a crucial role in regulating extracellular matrix (ECM) levels in the TM. To further elucidate the role of Wnt signaling in the glaucomatous phenotype, we examined mRNA expression patterns between Wnt signaling markers AXIN2 and sFRP1 and DEX-mediated induction of myocilin (MYOC) mRNA and protein levels over 10 days in DEX-treated primary TM cells. We observed a sequential pattern of peak expression between AXIN2, sFRP1, and MYOC. Based on the study, we propose that sFRP1 upregulation could be a result of a negative feedback mechanism generated by stressed TM cells to suppress abnormal Wnt signaling activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, The Molecular Biology Institute at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Elizabeth Tannous
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, The Molecular Biology Institute at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alseena Thomas
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, The Molecular Biology Institute at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Natalia Jung
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, The Molecular Biology Institute at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Edmond Ma
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, The Molecular Biology Institute at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jie J Zheng
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, The Molecular Biology Institute at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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30
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Grishanova AY, Klyushova LS, Perepechaeva ML. AhR and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathways and Their Interplay. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3848-3876. [PMID: 37232717 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As evolutionarily conserved signaling cascades, AhR and Wnt signaling pathways play a critical role in the control over numerous vital embryonic and somatic processes. AhR performs many endogenous functions by integrating its signaling pathway into organ homeostasis and into the maintenance of crucial cellular functions and biological processes. The Wnt signaling pathway regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and many other phenomena, and this regulation is important for embryonic development and the dynamic balance of adult tissues. AhR and Wnt are the main signaling pathways participating in the control of cell fate and function. They occupy a central position in a variety of processes linked with development and various pathological conditions. Given the importance of these two signaling cascades, it would be interesting to elucidate the biological implications of their interaction. Functional connections between AhR and Wnt signals take place in cases of crosstalk or interplay, about which quite a lot of information has been accumulated in recent years. This review is focused on recent studies about the mutual interactions of key mediators of AhR and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways and on the assessment of the complexity of the crosstalk between the AhR signaling cascade and the canonical Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alevtina Y Grishanova
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Timakova Str. 2, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
| | - Lyubov S Klyushova
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Timakova Str. 2, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
| | - Maria L Perepechaeva
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Timakova Str. 2, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
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31
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Gamit N, Dharmarajan A, Sethi G, Warrier S. Want of Wnt in Parkinson's disease: Could sFRP disrupt interplay between Nurr1 and Wnt signaling? Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115566. [PMID: 37088155 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor related 1 (Nurr1) is a transcription factor known to regulate the development and maintenance of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons. Reports have confirmed that defect or obliteration of Nurr1 results in neurodegeneration and motor function impairment leading to Parkinson's disease (PD). Studies have also indicated that Nurr1 regulates the expression of alpha-synuclein (α-SYN) and mutations in Nurr1 cause α-SYN overexpression, thereby increasing the risk of PD. Nurr1 is modulated via various pathways including Wnt signaling pathway which is known to play an important role in neurogenesis and deregulation of it contributes to PD pathogenesis. Both Wnt/β-catenin dependent and independent pathways are implicated in the activation of Nurr1 and subsequent downregulation of α-SYN. This review highlights the interaction between Nurr1 and Wnt signaling pathways in mDA neuronal development. We further hypothesize how modulation of Wnt signaling pathway by its antagonist, secreted frizzled related proteins (sFRPs) could be a potential route to treat PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naisarg Gamit
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560 065, India
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600 116, India; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia; Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia; School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Life and Physical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 117 600, Singapore
| | - Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560 065, India; Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560 065, India.
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32
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Kostes WW, Brafman DA. The Multifaceted Role of WNT Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease Onset and Age-Related Progression. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081204. [PMID: 37190113 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary conserved WNT signaling pathway orchestrates numerous complex biological processes during development and is critical to the maintenance of tissue integrity and homeostasis in the adult. As it relates to the central nervous system, WNT signaling plays several roles as it relates to neurogenesis, synaptic formation, memory, and learning. Thus, dysfunction of this pathway is associated with multiple diseases and disorders, including several neurodegenerative disorders. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by several pathologies, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive decline. In this review, we will discuss the various epidemiological, clinical, and animal studies that demonstrate a precise link between aberrant WNT signaling and AD-associated pathologies. In turn, we will discuss the manner in which WNT signaling influences multiple molecular, biochemical, and cellular pathways upstream of these end-point pathologies. Finally, we will discuss how merging tools and technologies can be used to generate next generation cellular models to dissect the relationship between WNT signaling and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Kostes
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - David A Brafman
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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Bowin CF, Kozielewicz P, Grätz L, Kowalski-Jahn M, Schihada H, Schulte G. WNT stimulation induces dynamic conformational changes in the Frizzled-Dishevelled interaction. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabo4974. [PMID: 37014927 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abo4974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Frizzleds (FZDs) are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that bind to WNT family ligands. FZDs signal through multiple effector proteins, including Dishevelled (DVL), which acts as a hub for several downstream signaling pathways. To understand how WNT binding to FZD stimulates intracellular signaling and influences downstream pathway selectivity, we investigated the dynamic changes in the FZD5-DVL2 interaction elicited by WNT-3A and WNT-5A. Ligand-induced changes in bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) between FZD5 and DVL2 or the isolated FZD-binding DEP domain of DVL2 revealed a composite response consisting of both DVL2 recruitment and conformational dynamics in the FZD5-DVL2 complex. The combination of different BRET paradigms enabled us to identify ligand-dependent conformational dynamics in the FZD5-DVL2 complex and distinguish them from ligand-induced recruitment of DVL2 or DEP to FZD5. The observed agonist-induced conformational changes at the receptor-transducer interface suggest that extracellular agonist and intracellular transducers cooperate through transmembrane allosteric interaction with FZDs in a ternary complex reminiscent of that of classical GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl-Fredrik Bowin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pawel Kozielewicz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lukas Grätz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Kowalski-Jahn
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannes Schihada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Schulte
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Doucet D, Brubaker C, Turner D, Gregory CA. Factors affecting the role of canonical Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 in cancer progression. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1114822. [PMID: 37007131 PMCID: PMC10050559 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1114822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe canonical Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) has the capacity to modulate homeostasis between canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways and also signal independently of Wnt. The specific effects of Dkk-1 activity on tumor physiology are therefore unpredictable with examples of Dkk-1 serving as either a driver or suppressor of malignancy. Given that Dkk-1 blockade may serve as a potential treatment for some types of cancer, we questioned whether it is possible to predict the role of Dkk-1 on tumor progression based on the tissue origin of the tumor.MethodsOriginal research articles that described Dkk-1 in terms a tumor suppressor or driver of cancer growth were identified. To determine the association between tumor developmental origin and the role of Dkk-1, a logistic regression was performed. The Cancer Genome Atlas database was interrogated for survival statistics based on tumor Dkk-1 expression.ResultsWe report that Dkk-1 is statistically more likely to serve as a suppressor in tumors arising from the ectoderm (p = 0.0198) or endoderm (p = 0.0334) but more likely to serve as a disease driver in tumors of mesodermal origin (p = 0.0155). Survival analyses indicated that in cases where Dkk-1 expression could be stratified, high Dkk-1 expression is usually associated with poor prognosis. This in part may be due to pro-tumorigenic role Dkk-1 plays on tumor cells but also through its influence on immunomodulatory and angiogenic processes in the tumor stroma.ConclusionDkk-1 has a context-specific dual role as a tumor suppressor or driver. Dkk-1 is significantly more likely to serve as a tumor suppressor in tumors arising from ectoderm and endoderm while the converse is true for mesodermal tumors. Patient survival data indicated high Dkk-1 expression is generally a poor prognostic indicator. These findings provide further support for the importance of Dkk-1 as a therapeutic cancer target in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota Doucet
- Medical Sciences Program, Texas A&M Health Science Center School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Connor Brubaker
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Donald Turner
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Carl A. Gregory
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M Health Science Center School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Carl A. Gregory,
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Yakkala P, Panda SR, Naidu VGM, Shafi S, Kamal A. Pyridine-Based 1,2,4-Triazolo-Tethered Indole Conjugates Potentially Affecting TNKS and PI3K in Colorectal Cancer. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:260-269. [PMID: 36923920 PMCID: PMC10009797 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A library of pyridine-based 1,2,4-triazolo-tethered indole conjugates were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for anti-proliferative activity against a panel of six human cancer cell lines. All the synthesized conjugates (14a-q) were found to be effective against the HT-29 cell line. Particularly conjugates 14a, 14n, and 14q exhibited promising cytotoxicity, with IC50 values of 1 μM, 2.4 μM, and 3.6 μM, respectively, compared to the standard 5-fluorouracil (IC50 = 5.31 μM). Cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase was observed with these compounds, the mitochondrial membrane potential was interrupted, and the total ROS production was enhanced. Western blot and immunofluorescence experiments illustrated that these compounds inhibit the expression of markers that are involved in β-catenin and PI3K pathways. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that compound 14a has major hydrophobic interactions and few H-bonding interactions with both PI3K and tankyrase proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna
A. Yakkala
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and
Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Samir R. Panda
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National
Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Vegi G. M. Naidu
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National
Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Syed Shafi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and
Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
- Department
of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology
& Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, TS, India
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36
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Jiang Y, Zou M, Wang Y, Wang Y. Nucleus accumbens in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder: A brief review. Brain Res Bull 2023; 196:68-75. [PMID: 36889362 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most prevalent mental disorder characterized by anhedonia, loss of motivation, avolition, behavioral despair and cognitive abnormalities. Despite substantial advancements in the pathophysiology of MDD in recent years, the pathogenesis of this disorder is not fully understood. Meanwhile,the treatment of MDD with currently available antidepressants is inadequate, highlighting the urgent need for clarifying the pathophysiology of MDD and developing novel therapeutics. Extensive studies have demonstrated the involvement of nuclei such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HIP), nucleus accumbens (NAc), hypothalamus, etc., in MDD. NAc,a region critical for reward and motivation,dysregulation of its activity seems to be a hallmark of this mood disorder. In this paper, we present a review of NAc related circuits, cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying MDD and share an analysis of the gaps in current research and possible future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Jiang
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention & Treatment of Depressive Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Manshu Zou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention & Treatment of Depressive Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Yeqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention & Treatment of Depressive Diseases, Changsha, China.
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37
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Signaling pathways in rheumatoid arthritis: implications for targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:68. [PMID: 36797236 PMCID: PMC9935929 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an incurable systemic autoimmune disease. Disease progression leads to joint deformity and associated loss of function, which significantly impacts the quality of life for sufferers and adds to losses in the labor force. In the past few decades, RA has attracted increased attention from researchers, the abnormal signaling pathways in RA are a very important research field in the diagnosis and treatment of RA, which provides important evidence for understanding this complex disease and developing novel RA-linked intervention targets. The current review intends to provide a comprehensive overview of RA, including a general introduction to the disease, historical events, epidemiology, risk factors, and pathological process, highlight the primary research progress of the disease and various signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms, including genetic factors, epigenetic factors, summarize the most recent developments in identifying novel signaling pathways in RA and new inhibitors for treating RA. therapeutic interventions including approved drugs, clinical drugs, pre-clinical drugs, and cutting-edge therapeutic technologies. These developments will hopefully drive progress in new strategically targeted therapies and hope to provide novel ideas for RA treatment options in the future.
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Bioactivity, Molecular Mechanism, and Targeted Delivery of Flavonoids for Bone Loss. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040919. [PMID: 36839278 PMCID: PMC9960663 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal disabilities are a prominent burden on the present population with an increasing life span. Advances in osteopathy have provided various medical support for bone-related diseases, including pharmacological and prosthesis interventions. However, therapeutics and post-surgery complications are often reported due to side effects associated with modern-day therapies. Thus, therapies utilizing natural means with fewer toxic or other side effects are the key to acceptable interventions. Flavonoids constitute a class of bioactive compounds found in dietary supplements, and their pharmacological attributes have been well appreciated. Recently, flavonoids' role is gaining renowned interest for its effect on bone remodeling. A wide range of flavonoids has been found to play a pivotal role in the major bone signaling pathways, such as wingless-related integration site (Wnt)/β-catenin, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), etc. However, the reduced bioavailability and the absorption of flavonoids are the major limitations inhibiting their use against bone-related complications. Recent utilization of nanotechnological approaches and other delivery methods (biomaterial scaffolds, micelles) to target and control release can enhance the absorption and bioavailability of flavonoids. Thus, we have tried to recapitulate the understanding of the role of flavonoids in regulating signaling mechanisms affecting bone remodeling and various delivery methods utilized to enhance their therapeutical potential in treating bone loss.
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Banerjee M, Devi Rajeswari V. Inhibition of WNT signaling by conjugated microRNA nano-carriers: A new therapeutic approach for treating triple-negative breast cancer a perspective review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 182:103901. [PMID: 36584723 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer is the most aggressive form and accounts the 15%-25% of all breast cancer. Receptors are absent in triple-negative breast cancer, which makes them unresponsive to the current hormonal therapies. The patients with TNBC are left with the option of cytotoxic chemotherapy. The Wnt pathways are connected to cancer, and when activated, they result in mammary hyperplasia and tumors. The tumor suppressor microRNAs can block tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, lead to cancer cell death, and are also known to down-regulate the WNT signaling. Nanoparticles with microRNA have been seen to be more effective when compared with their single release. In this review, we have tried to understand how Wnt signaling plays a crucial role in TNBC, EMT, metastasis, anti-drug resistance, and regulation of Wnt by microRNA. The role of nano-carriers in delivering micro-RNA. The clinical biomarkers, including the present state-of-the-art, involve novel pathways of Wnt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manosi Banerjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Devi Rajeswari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Yoon J, Sun J, Lee M, Hwang YS, Daar IO. Wnt4 and ephrinB2 instruct apical constriction via Dishevelled and non-canonical signaling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:337. [PMID: 36670115 PMCID: PMC9860048 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Apical constriction is a cell shape change critical to vertebrate neural tube closure, and the contractile force required for this process is generated by actin-myosin networks. The signaling cue that instructs this process has remained elusive. Here, we identify Wnt4 and the transmembrane ephrinB2 protein as playing an instructive role in neural tube closure as members of a signaling complex we termed WERDS (Wnt4, EphrinB2, Ror2, Dishevelled (Dsh2), and Shroom3). Disruption of function or interaction among members of the WERDS complex results in defects of apical constriction and neural tube closure. The mechanism of action involves an interaction of ephrinB2 with the Dsh2 scaffold protein that enhances the formation of the WERDS complex, which in turn, activates Rho-associated kinase to induce apical constriction. Moreover, the ephrinB2/Dsh2 interaction promotes non-canonical Wnt signaling and shows how cross-talk between two major signal transduction pathways, Eph/ephrin and Wnt, coordinate morphogenesis of the neural tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Yoon
- Cancer & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Jian Sun
- Cancer & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Moonsup Lee
- Cancer & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Yoo-Seok Hwang
- Cancer & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Ira O Daar
- Cancer & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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41
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Zhang H, Liu C, Zhu D, Zhang Q, Li J. Medicinal Chemistry Strategies for the Development of Inhibitors Disrupting β-Catenin's Interactions with Its Nuclear Partners. J Med Chem 2023; 66:1-31. [PMID: 36583662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is strongly associated with various aspects of cancer, including tumor initiation, proliferation, and metastasis as well as antitumor immunity, and presents a promising opportunity for cancer therapy. Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation increases nuclear dephosphorylated β-catenin levels, resulting in β-catenin binding to TCF and additional cotranscription factors, such as BCL9, CBP, and p300. Therefore, directly disrupting β-catenin's interactions with these nuclear partners holds promise for the effective and selective suppression of the aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Herein, we summarize recent advances in biochemical techniques and medicinal chemistry strategies used to identify potent peptide-based and small-molecule inhibitors that directly disrupt β-catenin's interactions with its nuclear binding partners. We discuss the challenges involved in developing drug-like inhibitors that target the interactions of β-catenin and its nuclear binding partner into therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.,Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chenglong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Di Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Qingwei Zhang
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianqi Li
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
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Prajapati P, Doshi G. An Update on the Emerging Role of Wnt/β-catenin, SYK, PI3K/AKT, and GM-CSF Signaling Pathways in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:1298-1316. [PMID: 38083893 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501276093231206064243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an untreatable autoimmune disorder. The disease is accompanied by joint impairment and anomalies, which negatively affect the patient's quality of life and contribute to a decline in manpower. To diagnose and treat rheumatoid arthritis, it is crucial to understand the abnormal signaling pathways that contribute to the disease. This understanding will help develop new rheumatoid arthritis-related intervention targets. Over the last few decades, researchers have given more attention to rheumatoid arthritis. The current review seeks to provide a detailed summary of rheumatoid arthritis, highlighting the basic description of the disease, past occurrences, the study of epidemiology, risk elements, and the process of disease progression, as well as the key scientific development of the disease condition and multiple signaling pathways and enumerating the most current advancements in discovering new rheumatoid arthritis signaling pathways and rheumatoid arthritis inhibitors. This review emphasizes the anti-rheumatoid effects of these inhibitors [for the Wnt/β-catenin, Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases (PI3K/AKT), Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (SYK), and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) signaling pathways], illustrating their mechanism of action through a literature search, current therapies, and novel drugs under pre-clinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradyuman Prajapati
- SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Gaurav Doshi
- SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
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Genome Editing and Cardiac Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1396:37-52. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-5642-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Wang P, Li W, Liu Z, He X, Hong Q, Lan R, Liu Y, Chu M. Identification of WNT4 alternative splicing patterns and effects on proliferation of granulosa cells in goat. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:1230-1242. [PMID: 36395931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing ovulation numbers is one of the most important ways to promote reproduction in mammals, and follicular granulosa cells (GCs) provide the necessary nutrients and microenvironment for oocytes to ovulate. WNT4 has been shown to be a key factor in regulating the proliferation of GCs in mammalian ovarian tissues. Our previous transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) results have identified two alternatively spliced products of WNT4;however, little is known about the splicing mechanism and its effect on GC proliferation. In this study, two alternatively spliced products of WNT4, designated WNT4-α and WNT4-β, were identified by cloning and analyzed for their function by bioinformatics. The RT-qPCR and Western blot results showed that the expression of WNT4-α was significantly higher than that of WNT4-β in the ovary tissues and GCs of Yunshang black goats. We therefore hypothesized that WNT4-α was the main isoform affecting the proliferation of goat GCs. Subsequently, goat GC proliferation assays showed that overexpression of WNT4-α significantly promoted GC proliferation, and the opposite was true after WNT4-α inhibition. The expression of marker genes of the Wnt signaling pathway was also examined and WNT4-α was found to affect the proliferation and hormone secretion of goat GCs by regulating the Wnt signaling pathway. In addition, a series of splicing factors were involved in in the alternative splicing; in this study, SRSF6 was found to be involved as a splicing factor in the generation of WNT4 alternative splicing. In summary, WNT4 alternative splicing was mediated by the splicing factor SRSF6, and WNT4-α alternative splicing played an important role in follicle development and had a significant effect on the proliferation of goat GCs. The results of this study provide a theoretical foundation for further understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms of the WNT4 in follicle development in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wentao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qionghua Hong
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Rong Lan
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Mingxing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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TAZ promotes osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells line C3H10T1/2, murine multi-lineage cells lines C2C12, and MEFs induced by BMP9. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:499. [PMID: 36575168 PMCID: PMC9794779 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01292-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), also named as growth differentiation factor 2 (GDF-2), is the strongest cytokine that promotes osteogenic differentiation in the BMP family, and has broad clinical application value. Nevertheless, the mechanism of BMP9 promotes osteogenic differentiation remain unclear. TAZ, a transcriptional co-activator, has great effects on cell proliferation, differentiation, and stem cell self-renewal. In this research, we investigated the effects of TAZ in BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell line C3H10T1/2 (MSCs) and murine multi-lineage cell lines C2C12 and MEFs (MMCs) and explored its possible mechanisms. This study has found that BMP9 induces the expression of TAZ and promotes its nuclear translocation. Meanwhile, our study found that Ad-TAZ and TM-25659, a TAZ agonist, can enhance the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and MMCs induced by BMP9. Conversely, Ad-si-TAZ and verteporfin, an inhibitor of TAZ, have the contradictory effect. Likewise, the promotion of TAZ to the BMP9-induced ectopic bone formation in vivo was confirmed by the subcutaneous transplantation of MSCs in nude mice. Furthermore, we have detected that TAZ might increase the levels of the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8, p38, ERK1/2, and JNK induced by BMP9. Additionally, we also found that TAZ increased the total protein level of β-catenin induced by BMP9. In summary, our results strongly indicated that TAZ will promote the osteogenic differentiation in MSCs and MMCs induced by BMP9 through multiple signal pathways.
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Zhang Y, Zhang S, Long Y, Wang W, Du F, Li J, Jin F, Li Z. Stimulation of hair growth by Tianma Gouteng decoction: Identifying mechanisms based on chemical analysis, systems biology approach, and experimental evaluation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1073392. [PMID: 36588691 PMCID: PMC9802907 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1073392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair serves important physiological functions, including temperature regulation and scalp protection. However, excessive shedding not only impacts these functions but can also significantly affect mental health and quality of life. Tianma Gouteng decoction (TGD) is a traditional Chinese medicine used for the treatment of various conditions, including hair loss. However, the associated mechanism underlying its anti-alopecia effect remains unknown. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate these mechanisms by employing systematic biology approaches, as well as in vitro and in vivo experimental validation. The chemical constituents of Tianma Gouteng decoction were identified using UHPLC-MS/MS, from which 39 potential bioactive components were screened, while an additional 131 putative Tianma Gouteng decoction beneficial components were extracted from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) database. We then applied a dual-dimensional network pharmacology approach to analyze the data, followed by validation studies combining molecular docking techniques with in vivo and in vitro experiments. From the 39 bioactive components, including quercetin, luteolin, fisetin, wogonin, oroxylin A, boldine, tetrahydroalstonine, and galangin A, 782 corresponding targets were identified. In particular, GSK3β and β-catenin exhibited strong binding activity with the bioactive compounds. Hence, construction of a bioactive component-target network revealed that the mechanism underlying the anti-alopecia mechanism of Tianma Gouteng decoction primarily involved the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Moreover, C57BL/6J mice exhibited measurable improvements in hair follicle regeneration following treatment with Tianma Gouteng decoction. Additionally, β-catenin and p-GSK3β levels were upregulated, while GSK3β was downregulated in Tianma Gouteng decoction-treated animals and dermal papilla cells compared to control group. These in vivo and in vitro outcomes validated the targets and pathways predicted in the network pharmacology analysis of Tianma Gouteng decoction. This study provides a systematic analysis approach to identify the underlying anti-alopecia mechanisms of Tianma Gouteng decoction, further providing theoretical support for clinical assessment of Tianma Gouteng decoction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shiqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yunluan Long
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Wuji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Fanpan Du
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jingjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,*Correspondence: Zheng Li,
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Ali SR, Humphreys KJ, Simpson K, McKinnon RA, Meech R, Michael MZ. Functional high-throughput screen identifies microRNAs that promote butyrate-induced death in colorectal cancer cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 30:30-47. [PMID: 36189423 PMCID: PMC9485215 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The gut fermentation product butyrate displays anti-cancer properties in the human proximal colon, including the ability to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. A natural histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), butyrate can alter histone acetylation patterns in CRC cells, and thereby regulate global gene expression, including the non-coding transcriptome and microRNAs (miRNAs). Dysregulated miRNA expression affects CRC development and progression; however, the interplay between miRNA activity and butyrate response remains to be elucidated. A high-throughput functional screen was employed to identify miRNAs that can act as enhancers of the anti-cancer properties of butyrate. Validation studies confirmed that several miRNAs, including miR-125b, miR-181a, miR-593, and miR-1227, enhanced apoptosis, decreased proliferation, and promoted cell-cycle arrest in the presence of butyrate. Pathway analyses of predicted miRNA target genes highlighted their likely involvement in critical cancer-related growth pathways, including WNT and PI3K signaling. Several cancer-associated miRNA targets, including TRIM29, COX2, PIK3R3, CCND1, MET, EEF2K, DVL3, and NUP62 were synergistically regulated by the combination of cognate miRNAs and butyrate. Overall, this study has exposed the potential of miRNAs to act as enhancers of the anti-cancer effects of HDAC inhibition and identifies specific miRNAs that might be exploited for therapeutic benefit.
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Mishra A, Pathak Y, Mishra SK, Prakash H, Tripathi V. Natural compounds as a potential modifier of stem cells renewal: Comparative analysis. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 938:175412. [PMID: 36427534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are indispensable for development, progression, drug resistance, and tumor metastasis. Current cancer-directed interventions target targeting rapidly dividing cancer cells and slow dividing CSCs, which are the root cause of cancer origin and recurrence. The most promising targets include several self-renewal pathways involved in the maintenance and renewal of CSCs, such as the Wnt/β-Catenin, Sonic Hedgehog, Notch, Hippo, Autophagy, and Ferroptosis. In view of safety, natural compounds are coming to the front line of treatment modalities for modifying various signaling pathways simultaneously involved in maintaining CSCs. Therefore, targeting CSCs with natural compounds is a promising approach to treating various types of cancers. In view of this, here we provide a comprehensive update on the current status of natural compounds that effectively tune key self-renewal pathways of CSCs. In addition, we highlighted surface expression markers in several types of cancer. We also emphasize how natural compounds target these self-renewal pathways to reduce therapy resistance and cancer recurrence properties of CSCs, hence providing valuable cancer therapeutic strategies. The inclusion of nutraceuticals is believed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of current cancer-directed interventions significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaresh Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, 201310, India
| | - Yamini Pathak
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, 201310, India
| | | | - Hridayesh Prakash
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vishwas Tripathi
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, 201310, India.
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Kang K, Shi Q, Wang X, Chen YG. Dishevelled phase separation promotes Wnt signalosome assembly and destruction complex disassembly. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213667. [PMID: 36342472 PMCID: PMC9811998 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202205069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The amplitude of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is precisely controlled by the assembly of the cell surface-localized Wnt receptor signalosome and the cytosolic β-catenin destruction complex. How these two distinct complexes are coordinately controlled remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that the signalosome scaffold protein Dishevelled 2 (Dvl2) undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Dvl2 LLPS is mediated by an intrinsically disordered region and facilitated by components of the signalosome, such as the receptor Fzd5. Assembly of the signalosome is initiated by rapid recruitment of Dvl2 to the membrane, followed by slow and dynamic recruitment of Axin1. Axin LLPS mediates assembly of the β-catenin destruction complex, and Dvl2 attenuates LLPS of Axin. Compared with the destruction complex, Axin partitions into the signalosome at a lower concentration and exhibits a higher mobility. Together, our results revealed that Dvl2 LLPS is crucial for controlling the assembly of the Wnt receptor signalosome and disruption of the phase-separated β-catenin destruction complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Kang
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoni Shi
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China,School of Basic Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,Correspondence to Ye-Guang Chen:
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50
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Zhu A, Liu N, Shang Y, Zhen Y, An Y. Signaling pathways of adipose stem cell-derived exosomes promoting muscle regeneration. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:2525-2534. [PMID: 36583914 PMCID: PMC9945488 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Severe muscle injury is still a challenging clinical problem. Exosomes derived from adipose stem cells (ASC-exos) may be a potential therapeutic tool, but their mechanism is not completely clear. This review aims to elaborate the possible mechanism of ASC-exos in muscle regeneration from the perspective of signal pathways and provide guidance for further study. Literature cited in this review was acquired through PubMed using keywords or medical subject headings, including adipose stem cells, exosomes, muscle regeneration, myogenic differentiation, myogenesis, wingless/integrated (Wnt), mitogen-activated protein kinases, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription, and their combinations. We obtained the related signal pathways from proteomics analysis of ASC-exos in the literature, and identified that ASC-exos make different contributions to multiple stages of skeletal muscle regeneration by those signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoxuan Zhu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yujia Shang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yonghuan Zhen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang An
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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