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Rogina B, Tissenbaum HA. SIRT1, resveratrol and aging. Front Genet 2024; 15:1393181. [PMID: 38784035 PMCID: PMC11112063 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1393181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is linked to a time-associated decline in both cellular function and repair capacity leading to malfunction on an organismal level, increased frailty, higher incidence of diseases, and death. As the population grows older, there is a need to reveal mechanisms associated with aging that could spearhead treatments to postpone the onset of age-associated decline, extend both healthspan and lifespan. One possibility is targeting the sirtuin SIRT1, the founding member of the sirtuin family, a highly conserved family of histone deacetylases that have been linked to metabolism, stress response, protein synthesis, genomic instability, neurodegeneration, DNA damage repair, and inflammation. Importantly, sirtuins have also been implicated to promote health and lifespan extension, while their dysregulation has been linked to cancer, neurological processes, and heart disorders. SIRT1 is one of seven members of sirtuin family; each requiring nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as co-substrate for their catalytic activity. Overexpression of yeast, worm, fly, and mice SIRT1 homologs extend lifespan in each animal, respectively. Moreover, lifespan extension due to calorie restriction are associated with increased sirtuin activity. These findings led to the search for a calorie restriction mimetic, which revealed the compound resveratrol; (3, 5, 4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) belonging to the stilbenoids group of polyphenols. Following this finding, resveratrol and other sirtuin-activating compounds have been extensively studied for their ability to affect health and lifespan in a variety of species, including humans via clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Rogina
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
- Institute for Systems Genomics, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Heidi A. Tissenbaum
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
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2
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Sember E, Chennakesavula R, Beard B, Opoola M, Hwangbo DS. Dietary restriction fails to extend lifespan of Drosophila model of Werner syndrome. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkae056. [PMID: 38491858 PMCID: PMC11075538 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disease in humans, caused by mutations in the WRN gene that encodes a protein containing helicase and exonuclease domains. WS is characterized by symptoms of accelerated aging in multiple tissues and organs, involving increased risk of cancer, heart failure, and metabolic dysfunction. These conditions ultimately lead to the premature mortality of patients with WS. In this study, using the null mutant flies (WRNexoΔ) for the gene WRNexo (CG7670), homologous to the exonuclease domain of WRN in humans, we examined how diets affect the lifespan, stress resistance, and sleep/wake patterns of a Drosophila model of WS. We observed that dietary restriction (DR), one of the most robust nongenetic interventions to extend lifespan in animal models, failed to extend the lifespan of WRNexoΔ mutant flies and even had a detrimental effect in females. Interestingly, the mean lifespan of WRNexoΔ mutant flies was not reduced on a protein-rich diet compared to that of wild-type (WT) flies. Compared to WT control flies, the mutant flies also exhibited altered responses to DR in their resistance to starvation and oxidative stress, as well as changes in sleep/wake patterns. These findings show that the WRN protein is necessary for mediating the effects of DR and suggest that the exonuclease domain of WRN plays an important role in metabolism in addition to its primary role in DNA-repair and genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Sember
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | | | - Breanna Beard
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Mubaraq Opoola
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Dae-Sung Hwangbo
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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3
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Samoilova EM, Romanov SE, Chudakova DA, Laktionov PP. Role of sirtuins in epigenetic regulation and aging control. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2024; 28:215-227. [PMID: 38680178 PMCID: PMC11043508 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-24-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Advances in modern healthcare in developed countries make it possible to extend the human lifespan, which is why maintaining active longevity is becoming increasingly important. After the sirtuin (SIRT) protein family was discovered, it started to be considered as a significant regulator of the physiological processes associated with aging. SIRT has deacetylase, deacylase, and ADP-ribosyltransferase activity and modifies a variety of protein substrates, including chromatin components and regulatory proteins. This multifactorial regulatory system affects many processes: cellular metabolism, mitochondrial functions, epigenetic regulation, DNA repair and more. As is expected, the activity of sirtuin proteins affects the manifestation of classic signs of aging in the body, such as cellular senescence, metabolic disorders, mitochondrial dysfunction, genomic instability, and the disruption of epigenetic regulation. Changes in the SIRT activity in human cells can also be considered a marker of aging and are involved in the genesis of various age-dependent disorders. Additionally, experimental data obtained in animal models, as well as data from population genomic studies, suggest a SIRT effect on life expectancy. At the same time, the diversity of sirtuin functions and biochemical substrates makes it extremely complicated to identify cause-and-effect relationships and the direct role of SIRT in controlling the functional state of the body. However, the SIRT influence on the epigenetic regulation of gene expression during the aging process and the development of disorders is one of the most important aspects of maintaining the homeostasis of organs and tissues. The presented review centers on the diversity of SIRT in humans and model animals. In addition to a brief description of the main SIRT enzymatic and biological activity, the review discusses its role in the epigenetic regulation of chromatin structure, including the context of the development of genome instability associated with aging. Studies on the functional connection between SIRT and longevity, as well as its effect on pathological processes associated with aging, such as chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and neuroinflammation, have been critically analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Samoilova
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - S E Romanov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - D A Chudakova
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies of the Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - P P Laktionov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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4
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Bhatt V, Tiwari AK. Sirtuins, a key regulator of ageing and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:1167-1192. [PMID: 35549800 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2057849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) dependent class ІΙΙ histone deacetylases enzymes (HDACs) present from lower to higher organisms such as bacteria (Sulfolobus solfataricus L. major), yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans), fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), humans (Homo sapiens sapiens), even in plants such as rice (Oryza sativa), thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), vine (Vitis vinifera L.) tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Sirtuins play an important role in the regulation of various vital cellular functions during metabolism and ageing. It also plays a neuroprotective role by modulating several biological pathways such as apoptosis, DNA repair, protein aggregation, and inflammatory processes associated with ageing and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we have presented an updated Sirtuins and its role in ageing and age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Further, this review also describes the therapeutic potential of Sirtuins and the use of Sirtuins inhibitor/activator for altering the NDDs disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhi Bhatt
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anand Krishna Tiwari
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Hwangbo DS, Kwon YJ, Iwanaszko M, Jiang P, Abbasi L, Wright N, Alli S, Hutchison AL, Dinner AR, Braun RI, Allada R. Dietary Restriction Impacts Peripheral Circadian Clock Output Important for Longevity in Drosophila. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.04.522718. [PMID: 36711760 PMCID: PMC9881908 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.04.522718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clocks may mediate lifespan extension by caloric or dietary restriction (DR). We find that the core clock transcription factor Clock is crucial for a robust longevity and fecundity response to DR in Drosophila. To identify clock-controlled mediators, we performed RNA-sequencing from abdominal fat bodies across the 24 h day after just 5 days under control or DR diets. In contrast to more chronic DR regimens, we did not detect significant changes in the rhythmic expression of core clock genes. Yet we discovered that DR induced de novo rhythmicity or increased expression of rhythmic clock output genes. Network analysis revealed that DR increased network connectivity in one module comprised of genes encoding proteasome subunits. Adult, fat body specific RNAi knockdown demonstrated that proteasome subunits contribute to DR-mediated lifespan extension. Thus, clock control of output links DR-mediated changes in rhythmic transcription to lifespan extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Sung Hwangbo
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Sleep & Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, 40292, KY, USA
| | - Yong-Jae Kwon
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Marta Iwanaszko
- Biostatistics Division, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Sleep & Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Ladan Abbasi
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, 40292, KY, USA
| | - Nicholas Wright
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, 40292, KY, USA
| | - Sarayu Alli
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, 40292, KY, USA
| | - Alan L. Hutchison
- James Franck Institute, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Aaron R. Dinner
- James Franck Institute, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rosemary I Braun
- Biostatistics Division, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Ravi Allada
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Sleep & Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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6
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Chong MC, Silva A, James PF, Wu SSX, Howitt J. Exercise increases the release of NAMPT in extracellular vesicles and alters NAD + activity in recipient cells. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13647. [PMID: 35661560 PMCID: PMC9282849 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a loss of metabolic homeostasis, with cofactors such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) declining over time. The decrease in NAD+ production has been linked to the age‐related loss of circulating extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (eNAMPT), the rate‐limiting enzyme in the NAD+ biosynthetic pathway. eNAMPT is found almost exclusively in extracellular vesicles (EVs), providing a mechanism for the distribution of the enzyme in different tissues. Currently, the physiological cause for the release of eNAMPT is unknown, and how it may be affected by age and physical exercise. Here, we show that release of small EVs into the bloodstream is stimulated following moderate intensity exercise in humans. Exercise also increased the eNAMPT content in EVs, most prominently in young individuals with higher aerobic fitness. Both mature fit and young unfit individuals exhibited a limited increase in EV‐eNAMPT release following exercise, indicating that this mechanism is related to both the age and physical fitness of a person. Notably, unfit mature individuals were unable to increase the release of eNAMPT in EVs after exercise, suggesting that lower fitness levels and aging attenuate this important signalling mechanism in the body. EVs isolated from exercising humans containing eNAMPT were able to alter the abundance of NAD+ and SIRT1 activity in recipient cells compared to pre‐exercise EVs, indicating a pathway for inter‐tissue signalling promoted through exercise. Our results suggest a mechanism to limit age‐related NAD+ decline, through the systemic delivery of eNAMPT via EVs released during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee Chee Chong
- School of Health Sciences Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | | | | | - Sam Shi Xuan Wu
- School of Health Sciences Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Jason Howitt
- School of Health Sciences Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Iverson Health Innovation Institute Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne Victoria Australia
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7
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Lee S, Jeon YM, Jo M, Kim HJ. Overexpression of SIRT3 Suppresses Oxidative Stress-induced Neurotoxicity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Dopaminergic Neuronal Cells. Exp Neurobiol 2021; 30:341-355. [PMID: 34737239 PMCID: PMC8572659 DOI: 10.5607/en21021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a well-known mitochondrial deacetylase, is involved in mitochondrial function and metabolism under various stress conditions. In this study, we found that the expression of SIRT3 was markedly increased by oxidative stress in dopaminergic neuronal cells. In addition, SIRT3 overexpression enhanced mitochondrial activity in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. We also showed that SIRT3 overexpression attenuated rotenone- or H2O2-induced toxicity in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells (human dopaminergic cell line). We further found that knockdown of SIRT3 enhanced rotenone- or H2O2-induced toxicity in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, overexpression of SIRT3 mitigated cell death caused by LPS/IFN-γ stimulation in astrocytes. We also found that the rotenone treatment increases the level of SIRT3 in Drosophila brain. We observed that downregulation of sirt2 (Drosophila homologue of SIRT3) significantly accelerated the rotenone-induced toxicity in flies. Taken together, these findings suggest that the overexpression of SIRT3 mitigates oxidative stress-induced cell death and mitochondrial dysfunction in dopaminergic neurons and astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinrye Lee
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Jeon
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Myungjin Jo
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, Korea
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8
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Gillette CM, Tennessen JM, Reis T. Balancing energy expenditure and storage with growth and biosynthesis during Drosophila development. Dev Biol 2021; 475:234-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Lee SH, Lee HY, Min KJ. Korean mistletoe (Viscum album var. coloratum) extends the lifespan via FOXO activation induced by dSir2 in Drosophila melanogaster. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21:725-731. [PMID: 34101322 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM We examined the underlying mechanisms associated with the longevity effects of Korean mistletoe extract (KME) in Drosophila melanogaster. METHODS We measured the lifespan of sirtuin, chico and foxo mutant flies fed KME, the expression of the forkhead box O (FOXO) target genes and insulin-like peptide genes, and the localization of FOXO in flies fed the KME. RESULTS The longevity effect of KME was abolished in sirtuin, chico and foxo null mutant flies. In addition, the expression of FOXO target genes and the localization of FOXO into nuclei were increased in flies fed KME, but the expression of the insulin-like peptide genes was decreased by KME supplementation. CONCLUSIONS The results show that KME extends the fly lifespan through sirtuin-induced FOXO activation. We suggest that KME has potential use as a beneficial anti-aging and longevity supplement. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 725-731.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hae Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hye-Yeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Min
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
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10
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Pandey M, Bansal S, Bar S, Yadav AK, Sokol NS, Tennessen JM, Kapahi P, Chawla G. miR-125-chinmo pathway regulates dietary restriction-dependent enhancement of lifespan in Drosophila. eLife 2021; 10:62621. [PMID: 34100717 PMCID: PMC8233039 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) extends healthy lifespan in diverse species. Age and nutrient-related changes in the abundance of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their processing factors have been linked to organismal longevity. However, the mechanisms by which they modulate lifespan and the tissue-specific role of miRNA-mediated networks in DR-dependent enhancement of lifespan remains largely unexplored. We show that two neuronally enriched and highly conserved microRNAs, miR-125 and let-7 mediate the DR response in Drosophila melanogaster. Functional characterization of miR-125 demonstrates its role in neurons while its target chinmo acts both in neurons and the fat body to modulate fat metabolism and longevity. Proteomic analysis revealed that Chinmo exerts its DR effects by regulating the expression of FATP, CG2017, CG9577, CG17554, CG5009, CG8778, CG9527, and FASN1. Our findings identify miR-125 as a conserved effector of the DR pathway and open the avenue for this small RNA molecule and its downstream effectors to be considered as potential drug candidates for the treatment of late-onset diseases and biomarkers for healthy aging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Pandey
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Sakshi Bansal
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Sudipta Bar
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, United States
| | - Amit Kumar Yadav
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Nicholas S Sokol
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, United States
| | - Jason M Tennessen
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, United States
| | - Pankaj Kapahi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, United States
| | - Geetanjali Chawla
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
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Pasyukova EG, Symonenko AV, Rybina OY, Vaiserman AM. Epigenetic enzymes: A role in aging and prospects for pharmacological targeting. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101312. [PMID: 33657446 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of interventions aimed at improving healthspan is one of the priority tasks for the academic and public health authorities. It is also the main objective of a novel branch in biogerontological research, geroscience. According to the geroscience concept, targeting aging is an effective way to combat age-related disorders. Since aging is an exceptionally complex process, system-oriented integrated approaches seem most appropriate for such an interventional strategy. Given the high plasticity and adaptability of the epigenome, epigenome-targeted interventions appear highly promising in geroscience research. Pharmaceuticals targeted at mechanisms involved in epigenetic control of gene activity are actively developed and implemented to prevent and treat various aging-related conditions such as cardiometabolic, neurodegenerative, inflammatory disorders, and cancer. In this review, we describe the roles of epigenetic mechanisms in aging; characterize enzymes contributing to the regulation of epigenetic processes; particularly focus on epigenetic drugs, such as inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases and histone deacetylases that may potentially affect aging-associated diseases and longevity; and discuss possible caveats associated with the use of epigenetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G Pasyukova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Alexander V Symonenko
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Olga Y Rybina
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow, 123182, Russia; Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow Pedagogical State University», M. Pirogovskaya Str. 1/1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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12
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Maniyadath B, Sandra US, Kolthur-Seetharam U. Metabolic choreography of gene expression: nutrient transactions with the epigenome. J Biosci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-019-9987-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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13
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Nejabati HR, Schmeisser K, Shahnazi V, Samimifar D, Faridvand Y, Bahrami-Asl Z, Fathi-Maroufi N, Nikanfar S, Nouri M. N1-Methylnicotinamide: An Anti-Ovarian Aging Hormetin? Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101131. [PMID: 32711159 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian aging occurs due to the reduction of the quality and quantity of the oocytes, and is regulated by mitochondrial survival and apoptotic signals. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are one of those signals considered detrimental to cellular homeostasis. Nowadays, ROS are regarded as a regulatory factor at low levels as it induces the stress resistance which in turn increases the longevity. It is believed that the main mechanism for the life-promoting role of the ROS mediated by the 5' Adenosine Monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK). N1-Methylnicotinamide (MNAM) is well known for its anti-diabetic, anti-thrombotic, and anti-inflammatory activity. Aldehyde oxidase 1 (AOX1) is a detoxifying enzyme, which metabolizes the MNAM and produces two metabolites including N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5- carboxamide (2py) and N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide (4py). The activity of AOX1 enhances the production of ROS and improves the longevity. It has been reported that the MNAM could postpone the aging through the induction of low-level stress. It has been documented that the production of MNAM is significantly higher in the cumulus cells of the patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and its administration on the rat model of PCOS has been shown to alleviate the hyperandrogenism and successfully activate the ovarian AMPK. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that the anti-ovarian aging effects of the MNAM are possibly based on the activation of AMPK through transient elevation of the ROS.
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14
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Smith HJ, Sharma A, Mair WB. Metabolic Communication and Healthy Aging: Where Should We Focus Our Energy? Dev Cell 2020; 54:196-211. [PMID: 32619405 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a loss of metabolic homeostasis and plasticity, which is causally linked to multiple age-onset pathologies. The majority of the interventions-genetic, dietary, and pharmacological-that have been found to slow aging and protect against age-related disease in various organisms do so by targeting central metabolic pathways. However, targeting metabolic pathways chronically and ubiquitously makes it difficult to define the downstream effects responsible for lifespan extension and often results in negative effects on growth and health, limiting therapeutic potential. Insight into how metabolic signals are relayed between tissues, cells, and organelles opens up new avenues to target metabolic regulators locally rather than globally for healthy aging. In this review, we discuss the pro-longevity effects of targeting metabolic pathways in specific tissues and how these interventions communicate with distal cells to modulate aging. These studies may be crucial in designing interventions that promote longevity without negative health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Smith
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arpit Sharma
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William B Mair
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Boston, MA, USA.
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15
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Kim J, Lee SH, Cho M, Lee JY, Choi DH, Lee HY, Cho S, Min KJ, Suh Y. Small Molecule from Natural Phytochemical Mimics Dietary Restriction by Modulating FoxO3a and Metabolic Reprogramming. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e1900248. [PMID: 32558394 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Many studies utilizing animal models have revealed the genetic and pharmacogenetic modulators of the rate of organismal aging. However, finding routes for healthy aging during extended life remains one of the largest questions. With regards to an antiaging reagent, it has been shown that natural phytochemical syringaresinol (SYR) delays cellular senescence by activating sirtuin1 (SIRT1). Here, it is found that SYR treatment results in metabolic changes similar to those observed during dietary restriction (DR). The DR mimetic effects are mediated by FoxO3a-dependent SIRT1 activation and insulin/insuline growth factor-1 signaling modulation. The direct binding of SYR-FoxO3a is identified and this could partially explain the DR-like phenotype. The report gives a clue as to how the longevity gene involves the DR pathway and suggests that natural phytochemicals applied as a geroprotector mimics DR effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juewon Kim
- Bioscience Research Lab, R&D Unit, Amorepacific Corporation, Yongin, 17074, South Korea
| | - Shin-Hae Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, 22201, South Korea
| | - Miook Cho
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Jee-Young Lee
- Molecular Design Team, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu, 41061, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Choi
- Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon, 16229, South Korea
| | - Hye-Yeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, 22201, South Korea
| | - Siyoung Cho
- Bioscience Research Lab, R&D Unit, Amorepacific Corporation, Yongin, 17074, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Min
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, 22201, South Korea
| | - Yousin Suh
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
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16
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Mechanisms of Lifespan Regulation by Calorie Restriction and Intermittent Fasting in Model Organisms. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041194. [PMID: 32344591 PMCID: PMC7230387 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and pharmacological interventions have successfully extended healthspan and lifespan in animals, but their genetic interventions are not appropriate options for human applications and pharmacological intervention needs more solid clinical evidence. Consequently, dietary manipulations are the only practical and probable strategies to promote health and longevity in humans. Caloric restriction (CR), reduction of calorie intake to a level that does not compromise overall health, has been considered as being one of the most promising dietary interventions to extend lifespan in humans. Although it is straightforward, continuous reduction of calorie or food intake is not easy to practice in real lives of humans. Recently, fasting-related interventions such as intermittent fasting (IF) and time-restricted feeding (TRF) have emerged as alternatives of CR. Here, we review the history of CR and fasting-related strategies in animal models, discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying these interventions, and propose future directions that can fill the missing gaps in the current understanding of these dietary interventions. CR and fasting appear to extend lifespan by both partially overlapping common mechanisms such as the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway and circadian clock, and distinct independent mechanisms that remain to be discovered. We propose that a systems approach combining global transcriptomic, metabolomic, and proteomic analyses followed by genetic perturbation studies targeting multiple candidate pathways will allow us to better understand how CR and fasting interact with each other to promote longevity.
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17
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von Frieling J, Roeder T. Factors that affect the translation of dietary restriction into a longer life. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:814-824. [PMID: 31889425 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional interventions, such as dietary or calorie restriction, are known to have a variety of health-promoting effects. The most impressive are the direct effects on life expectancy, which have been reproduced in many animal models. A variety of dietary restriction protocols have been described, which differ either in their macronutrient composition or in the time window for consumption. Mechanistically, the effects of dietary restriction are mediated mainly through signaling pathways that have central roles in the maintenance of cellular energy balance. Among these, target of rapamycin and insulin signaling appear to be the most important. Such nutritional interventions can have their effects in two different ways: either by direct interaction with the metabolism of the host organism, or by modulating the composition and performance of its endogenous microbiome. Various dietary restriction regimens have been identified that significantly alter the microbiome and thus profoundly modulate host metabolism. This review aims to discuss the mechanisms by which dietary restriction can affect life expectancy, and in particular the role of the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob von Frieling
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Roeder
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.,DZL, German Center for Lung Research, ARCN, Kiel, Germany
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18
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Mechanisms of Calorie Restriction: A Review of Genes Required for the Life-Extending and Tumor-Inhibiting Effects of Calorie Restriction. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11123068. [PMID: 31888201 PMCID: PMC6950657 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on mechanisms of calorie restriction (CR), particularly the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis as an evolutionary conserved signal that regulates aging and lifespan, underlying the effects of CR in mammals. Topics include (1) the relation of the GH-IGF-1 signal with chronic low-level inflammation as one of the possible causative factors of aging, that is, inflammaging, (2) the isoform specificity of the forkhead box protein O (FoxO) transcription factors in CR-mediated regulation of cancer and lifespan, (3) the role for FoxO1 in the tumor-inhibiting effect of CR, (4) pleiotropic roles for FoxO1 in the regulation of disorders, and (5) sirtuin (Sirt) as a molecule upstream of FoxO. From the evolutionary view, the necessity of neuropeptide Y (Npy) for the effects of CR and the pleiotropic roles for Npy in life stages are also emphasized. Genes for mediating the effects of CR and regulating aging are context-dependent, particularly depending on nutritional states.
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19
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Liu ZH, Zhang Y, Wang X, Fan XF, Zhang Y, Li X, Gong YS, Han LP. SIRT1 activation attenuates cardiac fibrosis by endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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20
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Costa-Machado LF, Fernandez-Marcos PJ. The sirtuin family in cancer. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2164-2196. [PMID: 31251117 PMCID: PMC6738532 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1634953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are a family of protein deacylases and ADP-ribosyl-transferases, homologs to the yeast SIR2 protein. Seven sirtuin paralogs have been described in mammals, with different subcellular locations, targets, enzymatic activities, and regulatory mechanisms. All sirtuins share NAD+ as substrate, placing them as central metabolic hubs with strong relevance in lifespan, metabolism, and cancer development. Much effort has been devoted to studying the roles of sirtuins in cancer, providing a wealth of data on sirtuins roles in mouse models and humans. Also, extensive data are available on the effects of pharmacological modulation of sirtuins in cancer development. Here, we present a comprehensive and organized resume of all the existing evidence linking every sirtuin with cancer development. From our analysis, we conclude that sirtuin modulation after tumor initiation results in unpredictable outcomes in most tumor types. On the contrary, all genetic and pharmacological models indicate that sirtuins activation prior to tumor initiation can constitute a powerful preventive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Filipe Costa-Machado
- Metabolic Syndrome group - BIOPROMET, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo J. Fernandez-Marcos
- Metabolic Syndrome group - BIOPROMET, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Krittika S, Yadav P. An overview of two decades of diet restriction studies using Drosophila. Biogerontology 2019; 20:723-740. [PMID: 31375967 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09827-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) is a potent forerunner in aging studies capable of influencing lifespan and improving health in various model organisms even in their old age. Despite the importance of protein and carbohydrates in the diet (regulation of fecundity and body maintenance respectively), different ratio based combinations of these components has played a major role in lifespan extension studies. In spite of differences existing in dietary protocols across laboratories, diet manipulations have evolved as a major area of research in Drosophila lifespan studies, prominently shedding light on the multi-faceted process over the last two decades. Here, we review various advances and technicalities involved in understanding the DR-mediated lifespan alongside discussing the pros and cons of various existing approaches/diets used across labs. The current review also focuses on the importance of life-stage specific DR implementation and their influence on the life-history traits including lifespan and fecundity, by taking examples of results from different studies comprising diet dilution, calorie restriction, protein restriction, carbohydrate: protein ratios and the modulations in various minor diet components. We thereby intend to gather the major advances made in these fields alongside reviewing the practical implementations that need to be made to get a better view of the DR-mediated lifespan studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Krittika
- Fly Laboratory # 210, Anusandhan Kendra-II, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India
| | - Pankaj Yadav
- Fly Laboratory # 210, Anusandhan Kendra-II, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India.
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22
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Abstract
Sirtuin is an essential factor that delays cellular senescence and extends the organismal lifespan through the regulation of diverse cellular processes. Suppression of cellular senescence by Sirtuin is mainly mediated through delaying the age-related telomere attrition, sustaining genome integrity and promotion of DNA damage repair. In addition, Sirtuin modulates the organismal lifespan by interacting with several lifespan regulating signaling pathways including insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway, AMP-activated protein kinase, and forkhead box O. Although still controversial, it is suggested that the prolongevity effect of Sirtuin is dependent with the level of and with the tissue expression of Sirtuin. Since Sirtuin is also believed to mediate the prolongevity effect of calorie restriction, activators of Sirtuin have attracted the attention of researchers to develop therapeutics for age-related diseases. Resveratrol, a phytochemical rich in the skin of red grapes and wine, has been actively investigated to activate Sirtuin activity with consequent beneficial effects on aging. This article reviews the evidences and controversies regarding the roles of Sirtuin on cellular senescence and lifespan extension, and summarizes the activators of Sirtuin including Sirtuin-activating compounds and compounds that increase the cellular level of nicotinamide dinucleotide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hae Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Hye-Yeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Min
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
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23
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Maniyadath B, Chattopadhyay T, Verma S, Kumari S, Kulkarni P, Banerjee K, Lazarus A, Kokane SS, Shetty T, Anamika K, Kolthur-Seetharam U. Loss of Hepatic Oscillatory Fed microRNAs Abrogates Refed Transition and Causes Liver Dysfunctions. Cell Rep 2019; 26:2212-2226.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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24
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Abstract
The insect fat body is analogous to vertebrate adipose tissue and liver. In this review, the new and exciting advancements made in fat body biology in the last decade are summarized. Controlled by hormonal and nutritional signals, insect fat body cells undergo mitosis during embryogenesis, endoreplication during the larval stages, and remodeling during metamorphosis and regulate reproduction in adults. Fat body tissues are major sites for nutrient storage, energy metabolism, innate immunity, and detoxification. Recent studies have revealed that the fat body plays a central role in the integration of hormonal and nutritional signals to regulate larval growth, body size, circadian clock, pupal diapause, longevity, feeding behavior, and courtship behavior, partially by releasing fat body signals to remotely control the brain. In addition, the fat body has emerged as a fascinating model for studying metabolic disorders and immune diseases. Potential future directions for fat body biology are also proposed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, China; , ,
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, China; , ,
| | - Qili Feng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, China; , ,
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25
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Yaku K, Okabe K, Nakagawa T. NAD metabolism: Implications in aging and longevity. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 47:1-17. [PMID: 29883761 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an important co-factor involved in numerous physiological processes, including metabolism, post-translational protein modification, and DNA repair. In living organisms, a careful balance between NAD production and degradation serves to regulate NAD levels. Recently, a number of studies have demonstrated that NAD levels decrease with age, and the deterioration of NAD metabolism promotes several aging-associated diseases, including metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases and various cancers. Conversely, the upregulation of NAD metabolism, including dietary supplementation with NAD precursors, has been shown to prevent the decline of NAD and exhibits beneficial effects against aging and aging-associated diseases. In addition, many studies have demonstrated that genetic and/or nutritional activation of NAD metabolism can extend the lifespan of diverse organisms. Collectively, it is clear that NAD metabolism plays important roles in aging and longevity. In this review, we summarize the basic functions of the enzymes involved in NAD synthesis and degradation, as well as the outcomes of their dysregulation in various aging processes. In addition, a particular focus is given on the role of NAD metabolism in the longevity of various organisms, with a discussion of the remaining obstacles in this research field.
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26
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Dai H, Sinclair DA, Ellis JL, Steegborn C. Sirtuin activators and inhibitors: Promises, achievements, and challenges. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 188:140-154. [PMID: 29577959 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The NAD+-dependent protein lysine deacylases of the Sirtuin family regulate various physiological functions, from energy metabolism to stress responses. The human Sirtuin isoforms, SIRT1-7, are considered attractive therapeutic targets for aging-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, inflammatory diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. We review the status of Sirtuin-targeted drug discovery and development. Potent and selective pharmacological Sirt1 activators and inhibitors are available, and initial clinical trials have been carried out. Several promising inhibitors and activators have also been described for other isoforms. Progress in understanding the mechanisms of Sirtuin modulation by such compounds provides a rational basis for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Dai
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James L Ellis
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Clemens Steegborn
- Department of Biochemistry and Research Center for Bio-Macromolecules, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
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27
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Staats S, Wagner AE, Kowalewski B, Rieck FT, Soukup ST, Kulling SE, Rimbach G. Dietary Resveratrol Does Not Affect Life Span, Body Composition, Stress Response, and Longevity-Related Gene Expression in Drosophila melanogaster. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010223. [PMID: 29324667 PMCID: PMC5796172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we tested the effect of the stilbene resveratrol on life span, body composition, locomotor activity, stress response, and the expression of genes encoding proteins centrally involved in ageing pathways in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. Male and female w1118 D. melanogaster were fed diets based on sucrose, corn meal, and yeast. Flies either received a control diet or a diet supplemented with 500 µmol/L resveratrol. Dietary resveratrol did not affect mean, median, and maximal life span of male and female flies. Furthermore, body composition remained largely unchanged following the resveratrol supplementation. Locomotor activity, as determined by the climbing index, was not significantly different between control and resveratrol-supplemented flies. Resveratrol-fed flies did not exhibit an improved stress response towards hydrogen peroxide as compared to controls. Resveratrol did not change mRNA steady levels of antioxidant (catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, NADH dehydrogenase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase 2) and longevity-related genes, including sirtuin 2, spargel, and I'm Not Dead Yet. Collectively, present data suggest that resveratrol does not affect life span, body composition, locomotor activity, stress response, and longevity-associated gene expression in w1118 D. melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Staats
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Anika E Wagner
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Bianca Kowalewski
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Florian T Rieck
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner Institute, Haid-und-Neu-Strasse 9, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Sebastian T Soukup
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner Institute, Haid-und-Neu-Strasse 9, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Sabine E Kulling
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner Institute, Haid-und-Neu-Strasse 9, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
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28
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Abstract
As the popular adage goes, all diseases run into old age and almost all physiological changes are associated with alterations in gene expression, irrespective of whether they are causal or consequential. Therefore, the quest for mechanisms that delay ageing and decrease age-associated diseases has propelled researchers to unravel regulatory factors that lead to changes in chromatin structure and function, which ultimately results in deregulated gene expression. It is therefore essential to bring together literature, which until recently has investigated gene expression and chromatin independently. With advances in biomedical research and the emergence of epigenetic regulators as potential therapeutic targets, enhancing our understanding of mechanisms that 'derail' transcription and identification of causal genes/pathways during ageing will have a significant impact. In this context, this chapter aims to not only summarize the key features of age-associated changes in epigenetics and transcription, but also identifies gaps in the field and proposes aspects that need to be investigated in the future.
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29
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Dasari V, Srivastava S, Khan S, Mishra RK. Epigenetic factors Polycomb (Pc) and Suppressor of zeste (Su(z)2) negatively regulate longevity in Drosophila melanogaster. Biogerontology 2017; 19:33-45. [PMID: 29177687 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-017-9737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The process of aging is a hallmark of the natural life span of all organisms and individuals within a population show variability in the measures of age related performance. Longevity and the rate of aging are influenced by several factors such as genetics, nutrition, stress, and environment. Many studies have focused on the genes that impact aging and there is increasing evidence that epigenetic factors regulate these genes to control life span. Polycomb (PcG) and trithorax (trxG) protein complexes maintain the expression profiles of developmentally important genes and regulate many cellular processes. Here, we report that mutations of PcG and trxG members affect the process of aging in Drosophila melanogaster, with perturbations mostly associated with retardation in aging. We find that mutations in polycomb repressive complex (PRC1) components Pc and Su(z)2 increase fly survival. Using an inducible UAS-GAL4 system, we show that this effect is tissue-specific; knockdown in fat body, but not in muscle or brain tissues, enhances life span. We hypothesize that these two proteins influence life span via pathways independent of their PRC1 functions, with distinct effects on response to oxidative stress. Our observations highlight the role of global epigenetic regulators in determining life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanthi Dasari
- CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Surabhi Srivastava
- CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Shagufta Khan
- CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Rakesh K Mishra
- CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
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30
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Deota S, Chattopadhyay T, Ramachandran D, Armstrong E, Camacho B, Maniyadath B, Fulzele A, Gonzalez-de-Peredo A, Denu JM, Kolthur-Seetharam U. Identification of a Tissue-Restricted Isoform of SIRT1 Defines a Regulatory Domain that Encodes Specificity. Cell Rep 2017; 18:3069-3077. [PMID: 28355560 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The conserved NAD+-dependent deacylase SIRT1 plays pivotal, sometimes contrasting, roles in diverse physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In this study, we uncover a tissue-restricted isoform of SIRT1 (SIRT1-ΔE2) that lacks exon 2 (E2). Candidate-based screening of SIRT1 substrates demonstrated that the domain encoded by this exon plays a key role in specifying SIRT1 protein-protein interactions. The E2 domain of SIRT1 was both necessary and sufficient for PGC1α binding, enhanced interaction with p53, and thus downstream functions. Since SIRT1-FL and SIRT1-ΔE2 were found to have similar intrinsic catalytic activities, we propose that the E2 domain tethers specific substrate proteins. Given the absence of SIRT1-ΔE2 in liver, our findings provide insight into the role of the E2 domain in specifying "metabolic functions" of SIRT1-FL. Identification of SIRT1-ΔE2 and the conserved specificity domain will enhance our understanding of SIRT1 and guide the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaunak Deota
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Tandrika Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Deepti Ramachandran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Eric Armstrong
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, UW-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Beatriz Camacho
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, UW-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Babukrishna Maniyadath
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Amit Fulzele
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), CNRS - UMR 5089, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Anne Gonzalez-de-Peredo
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), CNRS - UMR 5089, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - John M Denu
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, UW-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Ullas Kolthur-Seetharam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India.
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31
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Xia B, Gerstin E, Schones DE, Huang W, Steven de Belle J. Transgenerational programming of longevity through E(z)-mediated histone H3K27 trimethylation in Drosophila. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:2988-3008. [PMID: 27889707 PMCID: PMC5191882 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transgenerational effects on health and development of early-life nutrition have gained increased attention recently. However, the underlying mechanisms of transgenerational transmission are only starting to emerge, with epigenetics as perhaps the most important mechanism. We recently reported the first animal model to study transgenerational programming of longevity after early-life dietary manipulations, enabling investigations to identify underlying epigenetic mechanisms. We report here that post-eclosion dietary manipulation (PDM) with a low-protein (LP) diet upregulates the protein level of E(z), an H3K27 specific methyltransferase, leading to higher levels of H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3). This PDM-mediated change in H3K27me3 corresponded with a shortened longevity of F0 flies as well as their F2 offspring. Specific RNAi-mediated post-eclosion knockdown of E(z) or pharmacological inhibition of its enzymatic function with EPZ-6438 in the F0 parents improved longevity while rendering H3K27me3 low across generations. Importantly, addition of EPZ-6438 to the LP diet fully alleviated the longevity-reducing effect of the LP PDM, supporting the increased level of E(z)-dependent H3K27me3 as the primary cause and immediate early-life period as the critical time to program longevity through epigenetic regulation. These observations establish E(z)-mediated H3K27me3 as one epigenetic mechanism underlying nutritional programming of longevity and support the use of EPZ-6438 to extend lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Xia
- Canyon Crest Academy, San Diego, CA 92130, USA.,Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.,Department of Biology, Dart Neuroscience LLC, San Diego, CA 92131, USA
| | - Ed Gerstin
- Canyon Crest Academy, San Diego, CA 92130, USA
| | - Dustin E Schones
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - J Steven de Belle
- Department of Biology, Dart Neuroscience LLC, San Diego, CA 92131, USA
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32
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Kapahi P, Kaeberlein M, Hansen M. Dietary restriction and lifespan: Lessons from invertebrate models. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 39:3-14. [PMID: 28007498 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) is the most robust environmental manipulation known to increase active and healthy lifespan in many species. Despite differences in the protocols and the way DR is carried out in different organisms, conserved relationships are emerging among multiple species. Elegant studies from numerous model organisms are further defining the importance of various nutrient-signaling pathways including mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin), insulin/IGF-1-like signaling and sirtuins in mediating the effects of DR. We here review current advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms altered by DR to promote lifespan in three major invertebrate models, the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster.
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33
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HDAC inhibitors: A new promising drug class in anti-aging research. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 166:6-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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34
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Garrido A, Djouder N. NAD + Deficits in Age-Related Diseases and Cancer. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:593-610. [PMID: 28780936 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The phenomenon of aging has gained widespread attention in recent times. Although significant advances have been made to better understand aging and its related pathologies including cancer, there is not yet a clear mechanism explaining why diseases and cancer are inherent parts of the aging process. Finding a unifying equation that could bridge aging and its related diseases would allow therapeutic development and solve an immense human health problem to live longer and better. In this review, we discuss NAD+ reduction as the central mechanism that may connect aging to its related pathologies and cancer. NAD+ boosters would ensure and ameliorate health quality during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Garrido
- Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nabil Djouder
- Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, CNIO, Madrid, Spain.
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35
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Lushchak O, Strilbytska O, Piskovatska V, Storey KB, Koliada A, Vaiserman A. The role of the TOR pathway in mediating the link between nutrition and longevity. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 164:127-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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36
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Deota S, Shukla N, Kolthur-Seetharam U. Spatio-Temporal Control of Cellular and Organismal Physiology by Sirtuins. J Indian Inst Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-016-0018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Mathew R, Pal Bhadra M, Bhadra U. Insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signalling (IIS) based regulation of lifespan across species. Biogerontology 2017; 18:35-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-016-9670-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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38
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Woods JK, Rogina B. The effects of Rpd3 on fly metabolism, health, and longevity. Exp Gerontol 2016; 86:124-128. [PMID: 26927903 PMCID: PMC5002259 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The epigenetic regulation of DNA structure and function is essential for changes in gene expression involved in development, growth, and maintenance of cellular function. Epigenetic changes include histone modifications such as methylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and phosphorylation. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) proteins have a major role in epigenetic regulation of chromatin structure. HDACs are enzymes that catalyze the removal of acetyl groups from lysine residues within histones, as well as a range of other proteins including transcriptional factors. HDACs are highly conserved proteins divided into two families and based on sequence similarity in four classes. Here we will discuss the roles of Rpd3 in physiology and longevity with emphasis on its role in flies. Rpd3, the Drosophila HDAC1 homolog, is a class I lysine deacetylase and a member of a large family of HDAC proteins. Rpd3 has multiple functions including control of proliferation, development, metabolism, and aging. Pharmacological and dietary HDAC inhibitors have been used as therapeutics in psychiatry, cancer, and neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared K Woods
- Department of Genetics & Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Blanka Rogina
- Department of Genetics & Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
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39
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Zheng H, Yang X, Xi Y. Fat body remodeling and homeostasis control in Drosophila. Life Sci 2016; 167:22-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Bonkowski MS, Sinclair DA. Slowing ageing by design: the rise of NAD + and sirtuin-activating compounds. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2016; 17:679-690. [PMID: 27552971 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2016.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 526] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The sirtuins (SIRT1-7) are a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacylases with remarkable abilities to prevent diseases and even reverse aspects of ageing. Mice engineered to express additional copies of SIRT1 or SIRT6, or treated with sirtuin-activating compounds (STACs) such as resveratrol and SRT2104 or with NAD+ precursors, have improved organ function, physical endurance, disease resistance and longevity. Trials in non-human primates and in humans have indicated that STACs may be safe and effective in treating inflammatory and metabolic disorders, among others. These advances have demonstrated that it is possible to rationally design molecules that can alleviate multiple diseases and possibly extend lifespan in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Bonkowski
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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41
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Imai SI, Guarente L. It takes two to tango: NAD + and sirtuins in aging/longevity control. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2016; 2:16017. [PMID: 28721271 PMCID: PMC5514996 DOI: 10.1038/npjamd.2016.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The coupling of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) breakdown and protein deacylation is a unique feature of the family of proteins called ‘sirtuins.’ This intimate connection between NAD+ and sirtuins has an ancient origin and provides a mechanistic foundation that translates the regulation of energy metabolism into aging and longevity control in diverse organisms. Although the field of sirtuin research went through intensive controversies, an increasing number of recent studies have put those controversies to rest and fully established the significance of sirtuins as an evolutionarily conserved aging/longevity regulator. The tight connection between NAD+ and sirtuins is regulated at several different levels, adding further complexity to their coordination in metabolic and aging/longevity control. Interestingly, it has been demonstrated that NAD+ availability decreases over age, reducing sirtuin activities and affecting the communication between the nucleus and mitochondria at a cellular level and also between the hypothalamus and adipose tissue at a systemic level. These dynamic cellular and systemic processes likely contribute to the development of age-associated functional decline and the pathogenesis of diseases of aging. To mitigate these age-associated problems, supplementation of key NAD+ intermediates is currently drawing significant attention. In this review article, we will summarize these important aspects of the intimate connection between NAD+ and sirtuins in aging/longevity control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Imai
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Leonard Guarente
- Department of Biology and Glenn Laboratories for the Science of Aging, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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42
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Bindu S, Pillai VB, Gupta MP. Role of Sirtuins in Regulating Pathophysiology of the Heart. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:563-573. [PMID: 27210897 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are expanding at an alarming rate and people's propensity to develop them increases with age. Growing evidence indicates that sirtuins play a pivotal role in regulating a multitude of age-related diseases. Sirtuins are versatile molecules conserved from archaea to mammals. They are regulated by various metabolic and environmental stimuli. Seven sirtuin homologs (SIRT1-7) are present in mammals, with diverse cellular locations. Recent studies have delineated roles of sirtuins in regulating cardiac pathophysiological conditions under various stressors. SIRT1 is the most extensively studied sirtuin, while the role of other sirtuins in maintaining cardiac growth and function is still emerging. In this review we discuss the present understanding of the role of sirtuins in regulating pathophysiological conditions of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samik Bindu
- Department of Surgery, Committee on Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Basic Science Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vinodkumar B Pillai
- Department of Surgery, Committee on Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Basic Science Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mahesh P Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Committee on Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Basic Science Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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43
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Xia B, de Belle S. Transgenerational programming of longevity and reproduction by post-eclosion dietary manipulation in Drosophila. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 8:1115-34. [PMID: 27025190 PMCID: PMC4931857 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that early-life diet may program one's health status by causing permanent alternations in specific organs, tissues, or metabolic or homeostatic pathways, and such programming effects may propagate across generations through heritable epigenetic modifications. However, it remains uninvestigated whether postnatal dietary changes may program longevity across generations. To address this question of important biological and public health implications, newly-born flies (F0) were collected and subjected to various post-eclosion dietary manipulations (PDMs) with different protein-carbohydrate (i.e., LP, IP or HP for low-, intermediate- or high-protein) contents or a control diet (CD). Longevity and fecundity analyses were performed with these treated F0 flies and their F1, F2 and F3 offspring, while maintained on CD at all times. The LP and HP PDMs shortened longevity, while the IP PDM extended longevity significantly up to the F3 generation. Furthermore, the LP reduced while the IP PDM increased lifetime fecundity across the F0-F2 generations. Our observations establish the first animal model for studying transgenerational inheritance of nutritional programming of longevity, making it possible to investigate the underlying epigenetic mechanisms and identify gene targets for drug discovery in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Xia
- Department of Biology, Dart Neuroscience LLC, San Diego, CA 92131, USA
| | - Steven de Belle
- Department of Biology, Dart Neuroscience LLC, San Diego, CA 92131, USA
- Canyon Crest Academy, San Diego, CA 92130, USA
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44
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Abstract
Lysine acetylation serves as an epigenetic marker for myriad cellular processes, such as signaling, differentiation, DNA repair, angiogenesis, and the like. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) are NAD(+)-dependent histone deacetylases that operate as post-translational regulators for the deacetylation of acetyllysine. Here, we discuss the ability for SIRT1 and SIRT2 to deacetylate monoacetylated histone H3 on two separate architectures-the peptide and the nucleosome. In addition, we analyze the site-specificity of SIRT1 and SIRT2 on 10 different monoacetylated histone H3 nucleosomes. By utilizing a rapid screening array, SIRT1 and SIRT2 were found to demonstrate heightened enzymatic activity when incubated with nucleosomal substrates over their peptide counterparts. These two enzymes displayed little site-specificity among the acetyl-nucleosomes screened, contrary to previous expectations, as well. The implication of the overall nonspecificity of SIRT1 and SIRT2 on the nucleosome suggests that these sirtuin enzymes have an adaptive nature, harnessing an ability to respond to various cellular situations, rather than an enzyme specifically designed for a particular task or function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willie W. Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Wenshe R. Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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45
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Conti V, Izzo V, Corbi G, Russomanno G, Manzo V, De Lise F, Di Donato A, Filippelli A. Antioxidant Supplementation in the Treatment of Aging-Associated Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:24. [PMID: 26903869 PMCID: PMC4751263 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is generally considered as the consequence of an imbalance between pro- and antioxidants species, which often results into indiscriminate and global damage at the organismal level. Elderly people are more susceptible to oxidative stress and this depends, almost in part, from a decreased performance of their endogenous antioxidant system. As many studies reported an inverse correlation between systemic levels of antioxidants and several diseases, primarily cardiovascular diseases, but also diabetes and neurological disorders, antioxidant supplementation has been foreseen as an effective preventive and therapeutic intervention for aging-associated pathologies. However, the expectations of this therapeutic approach have often been partially disappointed by clinical trials. The interplay of both endogenous and exogenous antioxidants with the systemic redox system is very complex and represents an issue that is still under debate. In this review a selection of recent clinical studies concerning antioxidants supplementation and the evaluation of their influence in aging-related diseases is analyzed. The controversial outcomes of antioxidants supplementation therapies, which might partially depend from an underestimation of the patient specific metabolic demand and genetic background, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Conti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno Baronissi, Italy
| | - Viviana Izzo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno Baronissi, Italy
| | - Graziamaria Corbi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giusy Russomanno
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno Baronissi, Italy
| | - Valentina Manzo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno Baronissi, Italy
| | - Federica De Lise
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Di Donato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Amelia Filippelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno Baronissi, Italy
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46
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Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. It serves both as a critical coenzyme for enzymes that fuel reduction-oxidation reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another, and as a cosubstrate for other enzymes such as the sirtuins and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerases. Cellular NAD(+) concentrations change during aging, and modulation of NAD(+) usage or production can prolong both health span and life span. Here we review factors that regulate NAD(+) and discuss how supplementation with NAD(+) precursors may represent a new therapeutic opportunity for aging and its associated disorders, particularly neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Verdin
- Gladstone Institutes, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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47
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Epigenetic mechanisms of dietary restriction induced aging in Drosophila. Exp Gerontol 2015; 72:38-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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48
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Piegholdt S, Rimbach G, Wagner AE. The phytoestrogen prunetin affects body composition and improves fitness and lifespan in male
Drosophila melanogaster. FASEB J 2015; 30:948-58. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-282061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Piegholdt
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food ScienceUniversity of KielKielGermany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food ScienceUniversity of KielKielGermany
| | - Anika E. Wagner
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food ScienceUniversity of KielKielGermany
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49
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Basic mechanisms of longevity: A case study of Drosophila pro-longevity genes. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 24:218-31. [PMID: 26318059 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila is one of the most convenient model organisms in the genetics of aging and longevity. Unlike the nematodes, which allow for the detection of new pro-aging genes by knockout and RNAi-mediated knock-down, Drosophila also provides an opportunity to find new pro-longevity genes by driver-induced overexpression. Similar studies on other models are extremely rare. In this review, we focused on genes whose overexpression prolongs the life of fruit flies. The majority of longevity-associated genes regulates metabolism and stress resistance, and belongs to the IGF-1R, PI3K, PKB, AMPK and TOR metabolic regulation cluster and the FOXO, HDAC, p53 stress response cluster.
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50
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Guan Y, Hao CM. SIRT1 and Kidney Function. KIDNEY DISEASES 2015; 1:258-65. [PMID: 27536685 DOI: 10.1159/000440967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SIRT1 is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase belonging to the class III histone deacetylases. Abundantly expressed in the kidney, especially in the renal medulla, SIRT1 is closely involved in renal physiology and pathology. SUMMARY SIRT1 targets both histone and nonhistone proteins, participates in many important signaling pathways and mediates the regulation of longevity, metabolic homeostasis, acute stress response and DNA integrity. With regard to the kidney, SIRT1 attenuates diabetic albuminuria, reduces blood pressure and related cardiovascular diseases, resists acute kidney injury, delays kidney fibrogenesis, promotes cyst formation and benefits renal ageing. KEY MESSAGES This review summarizes the biology of SIRT1 and focuses on the latest studies concerning SIRT1 as a potential therapeutic target for kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Guan
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan-Ming Hao
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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