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Hemmerling A, Wierzbicki MR, Armstrong E, Cohen CR. Response to Antibiotic Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis Predicts the Effectiveness of LACTIN-V (Lactobacillus crispatus CTV-05) in the Prevention of Recurrent Disease. Sex Transm Dis 2024; 51:437-440. [PMID: 38733973 PMCID: PMC11090451 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) containing vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus are promising adjuvant treatments to prevent recurrent bacterial vaginosis (BV) but may depend on the success of initial antibiotic treatment. METHODS A post hoc analysis of data collected during the phase 2b LACTIN-V randomized control trial (L. crispatus CTV-05) explored the impact of clinical BV cure defined as Amsel criteria 0 of 3 (excluding pH, per 2019 Food and Drug Administration guidance) 2 days after completion of treatment with vaginal metronidazole gel on the effectiveness of an 11-week LACTIN-V dosing regimen to prevent BV recurrence by 12 and 24 weeks. RESULTS At enrollment, 88% of participants had achieved postantibiotic clinical BV cure. The effect of LACTIN-V on BV recurrence compared with placebo differed by initial clinical BV cure status. The LACTIN-V to placebo risk ratio of BV recurrence by 12 weeks was 0.56 (95% confidence interval, 0.35-0.77) among participants with initial clinical BV cure after metronidazole treatment and 1.34 (95% confidence interval, 0.47-2.23) among participants without postantibiotic clinical BV cure. Among women receiving LACTIN-V, those who had achieved postantibiotic clinical BV cure at enrollment reached higher levels of detectable L. crispatus CTV-05 compared with women failing to achieve postantibiotic clinical BV cure. CONCLUSIONS LACTIN-V seems to only decrease BV recurrence in women with clinical cure of BV after initial antibiotic treatment. Future trials of LBPs should consider limiting enrollment to these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Hemmerling
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA. USA
| | | | - Eric Armstrong
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON. Canada
| | - Craig R. Cohen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA. USA
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Kim J, Sookram G, Godecke E, Brogan E, Armstrong E, Ellery F, Rai T, Rose ML, Ciccone N, Middleton S, Holland A, Hankey GJ, Bernhardt J, Cadilhac DA. Economic evaluation of the Very Early Rehabilitation in SpEech (VERSE) intervention. Top Stroke Rehabil 2024; 31:157-166. [PMID: 37415422 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2023.2229039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is limited evidence on the costs and outcomes of patients with aphasia after stroke. The aim of this study was to estimate costs in patients with aphasia after stroke according to the aphasia therapies provided. METHODS A three-arm, prospective, randomized, parallel group, open-label, blinded endpoint assessment trial conducted in Australia and New Zealand. Usual ward-based care (Usual Care) was compared to additional usual ward-based therapy (Usual Care Plus) and a prescribed and structured aphasia therapy program in addition to Usual Care (the VERSE intervention). Information about healthcare utilization and productivity were collected to estimate costs in Australian dollars for 2017-18. Multivariable regression models with bootstrapping were used to estimate differences in costs and outcomes (clinically meaningful change in aphasia severity measured by the WAB-R-AQ). RESULTS Overall, 202/246 (82%) participants completed follow-up at 26 weeks. Median costs per person were $23,322 (Q1 5,367, Q3 52,669, n = 63) for Usual Care, $26,923 (Q1 7,303, Q3 76,174, n = 70) for Usual Care Plus and $31,143 (Q1 7,001. Q3 62,390, n = 69) for VERSE. No differences in costs and outcomes were detected between groups. Usual Care Plus was inferior (i.e. more costly and less effective) in 64% of iterations, and in 18% was less costly and less effective compared to Usual Care. VERSE was inferior in 65% of samples and less costly and less effective in 12% compared to Usual Care. CONCLUSION There was limited evidence that additional intensively delivered aphasia therapy within the context of usual acute care provided was worthwhile in terms of costs for the outcomes gained.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- Stroke and Ageing Research, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Stroke Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - G Sookram
- Health Economics Unit, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra, Australia
| | - E Godecke
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- Speech Pathology Department, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - E Brogan
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- Speech Pathology Department, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - E Armstrong
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - F Ellery
- Stroke Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - T Rai
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology NSW, Broadway, Australia
| | - M L Rose
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - N Ciccone
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - S Middleton
- Nursing Research Institute, Australian Catholic University, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - A Holland
- University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - G J Hankey
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - J Bernhardt
- Stroke Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - D A Cadilhac
- Stroke and Ageing Research, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Stroke Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Australia
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Zhang X, Yang M, Zhang J, Ye P, Wong RMY, Cheung WH, Armstrong E, Johansen A, Ivers R, Wu X, Tian M. Establishing a Chinese older hip fracture registry for older patients: a Delphi study to define the focus and key variables for this registry. Osteoporos Int 2023; 34:1763-1770. [PMID: 37341729 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
A national hip fracture registry does not yet exist in China. This is the first to recommend a core variable set for the establishment of a Chinese national hip fracture registry. Thousands of Chinese hospitals will build on this and improve the quality of management for older hip fracture patients. The rapidly ageing population of China already experiences over half a million hip fractures every year. Many countries have developed national hip fracture registries to improve the quality of hip fracture management, but such a registry does not exist in China. The study is aimed at determining the core variables of a national hip fracture registry for older hip fracture patients in China. A rapid literature review was conducted to develop a preliminary pool of variables from existing global hip fracture registries. Two rounds of an e-Delphi survey were conducted with experts. The e-Delphi survey used a Likert 5-point scale and boundary value analysis to filter the preliminary pool of variables. The list of core variables was finalised following an online consensus meeting with the experts. Thirty-one experts participated. Most of the experts have senior titles and have worked in a corresponding area for more than 15 years. The response rate of the e-Delphi was 100% for both rounds. The preliminary pool of 89 variables was established after reviewing 13 national hip fracture registries. With two rounds of the e-Delphi and the expert consensus meeting, 86 core variables were recommended for inclusion in the registry. This study is the first to recommend a core variable set for the establishment of a Chinese national hip fracture registry. The further development of a registry to routinely collect data from thousands of hospitals will build on this work and improve the quality of management for older hip fracture patients in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - M Yang
- National Centre of Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Peking University Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, 31 Xinjiekou E Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035, China.
| | - J Zhang
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - P Ye
- National Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - R M Y Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - W-H Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - E Armstrong
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Falls, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia
| | - A Johansen
- University Hospital of Wales and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - R Ivers
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - X Wu
- National Centre of Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Peking University Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, 31 Xinjiekou E Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - M Tian
- School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China.
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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4
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Rouan A, Pousse M, Djerbi N, Porro B, Bourdin G, Carradec Q, Hume BC, Poulain J, Lê-Hoang J, Armstrong E, Agostini S, Salazar G, Ruscheweyh HJ, Aury JM, Paz-García DA, McMinds R, Giraud-Panis MJ, Deshuraud R, Ottaviani A, Morini LD, Leone C, Wurzer L, Tran J, Zoccola D, Pey A, Moulin C, Boissin E, Iwankow G, Romac S, de Vargas C, Banaigs B, Boss E, Bowler C, Douville E, Flores M, Reynaud S, Thomas OP, Troublé R, Thurber RV, Planes S, Allemand D, Pesant S, Galand PE, Wincker P, Sunagawa S, Röttinger E, Furla P, Voolstra CR, Forcioli D, Lombard F, Gilson E. Telomere DNA length regulation is influenced by seasonal temperature differences in short-lived but not in long-lived reef-building corals. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3038. [PMID: 37263999 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38499-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are environment-sensitive regulators of health and aging. Here,we present telomere DNA length analysis of two reef-building coral genera revealing that the long- and short-term water thermal regime is a key driver of between-colony variation across the Pacific Ocean. Notably, there are differences between the two studied genera. The telomere DNA lengths of the short-lived, more stress-sensitive Pocillopora spp. colonies were largely determined by seasonal temperature variation, whereas those of the long-lived, more stress-resistant Porites spp. colonies were insensitive to seasonal patterns, but rather influenced by past thermal anomalies. These results reveal marked differences in telomere DNA length regulation between two evolutionary distant coral genera exhibiting specific life-history traits. We propose that environmentally regulated mechanisms of telomere maintenance are linked to organismal performances, a matter of paramount importance considering the effects of climate change on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Rouan
- Université Côte d'Azur-CNRS-Inserm-Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing, Nice (IRCAN), Medical School, Nice, France.
- Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d'Azur-Centre Scientifique de Monaco (LIA ROPSE), Monaco, Nice, France.
| | - Melanie Pousse
- Université Côte d'Azur-CNRS-Inserm-Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing, Nice (IRCAN), Medical School, Nice, France
- Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d'Azur-Centre Scientifique de Monaco (LIA ROPSE), Monaco, Nice, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche-Ressources Marines (IFR MARRES), Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Nadir Djerbi
- Université Côte d'Azur-CNRS-Inserm-Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing, Nice (IRCAN), Medical School, Nice, France
- Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d'Azur-Centre Scientifique de Monaco (LIA ROPSE), Monaco, Nice, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche-Ressources Marines (IFR MARRES), Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Barbara Porro
- Université Côte d'Azur-CNRS-Inserm-Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing, Nice (IRCAN), Medical School, Nice, France
- Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d'Azur-Centre Scientifique de Monaco (LIA ROPSE), Monaco, Nice, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche-Ressources Marines (IFR MARRES), Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | | | - Quentin Carradec
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057, Evry, France
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GO-SEE, 75016, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Cc Hume
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Julie Poulain
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057, Evry, France
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GO-SEE, 75016, Paris, France
| | - Julie Lê-Hoang
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057, Evry, France
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GO-SEE, 75016, Paris, France
| | - Eric Armstrong
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057, Evry, France
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GO-SEE, 75016, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Agostini
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shimoda, Japan
| | - Guillem Salazar
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Joachim Ruscheweyh
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Aury
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057, Evry, France
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GO-SEE, 75016, Paris, France
| | - David A Paz-García
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. IPN 195, La Paz, Baja California Sur, 23096, La Paz, México
| | - Ryan McMinds
- Université Côte d'Azur-CNRS-Inserm-Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing, Nice (IRCAN), Medical School, Nice, France
- University of South Florida Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, Tampa, FL, USA
- Maison de la Modélisation, de la Simulation et des Interactions (MSI),, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Marie-Josèphe Giraud-Panis
- Université Côte d'Azur-CNRS-Inserm-Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing, Nice (IRCAN), Medical School, Nice, France
- Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d'Azur-Centre Scientifique de Monaco (LIA ROPSE), Monaco, Nice, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche-Ressources Marines (IFR MARRES), Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Romane Deshuraud
- Université Côte d'Azur-CNRS-Inserm-Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing, Nice (IRCAN), Medical School, Nice, France
- Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d'Azur-Centre Scientifique de Monaco (LIA ROPSE), Monaco, Nice, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche-Ressources Marines (IFR MARRES), Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Alexandre Ottaviani
- Université Côte d'Azur-CNRS-Inserm-Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing, Nice (IRCAN), Medical School, Nice, France
- Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d'Azur-Centre Scientifique de Monaco (LIA ROPSE), Monaco, Nice, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche-Ressources Marines (IFR MARRES), Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Lycia Die Morini
- Université Côte d'Azur-CNRS-Inserm-Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing, Nice (IRCAN), Medical School, Nice, France
| | - Camille Leone
- Université Côte d'Azur-CNRS-Inserm-Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing, Nice (IRCAN), Medical School, Nice, France
| | - Lia Wurzer
- Université Côte d'Azur-CNRS-Inserm-Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing, Nice (IRCAN), Medical School, Nice, France
| | - Jessica Tran
- Université Côte d'Azur-CNRS-Inserm-Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing, Nice (IRCAN), Medical School, Nice, France
| | - Didier Zoccola
- Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d'Azur-Centre Scientifique de Monaco (LIA ROPSE), Monaco, Nice, France
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Principality of Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
| | - Alexis Pey
- Université Côte d'Azur-CNRS-Inserm-Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing, Nice (IRCAN), Medical School, Nice, France
- Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d'Azur-Centre Scientifique de Monaco (LIA ROPSE), Monaco, Nice, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche-Ressources Marines (IFR MARRES), Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Clémentine Moulin
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GO-SEE, 75016, Paris, France
- Tara Ocean Foundation, 8 rue de Prague, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Boissin
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL," PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Iwankow
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL," PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Sarah Romac
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, AD2M, UMR 7144, ECOMAP, Roscoff, France
| | - Colomban de Vargas
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GO-SEE, 75016, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, AD2M, UMR 7144, ECOMAP, Roscoff, France
| | - Bernard Banaigs
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL," PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Boss
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Chris Bowler
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GO-SEE, 75016, Paris, France
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Eric Douville
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Michel Flores
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Earth, and Planetary Sciences, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Stéphanie Reynaud
- Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d'Azur-Centre Scientifique de Monaco (LIA ROPSE), Monaco, Nice, France
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Principality of Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
| | - Olivier P Thomas
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, H91TK33, Galway, Ireland
| | - Romain Troublé
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GO-SEE, 75016, Paris, France
- Tara Ocean Foundation, 8 rue de Prague, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Rebecca Vega Thurber
- Oregon State University, Department of Microbiology, 220 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Serge Planes
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GO-SEE, 75016, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL," PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Denis Allemand
- Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d'Azur-Centre Scientifique de Monaco (LIA ROPSE), Monaco, Nice, France
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Principality of Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
| | - Stephane Pesant
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK, UK
| | - Pierre E Galand
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GO-SEE, 75016, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques (LECOB), Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Patrick Wincker
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057, Evry, France
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GO-SEE, 75016, Paris, France
| | - Shinichi Sunagawa
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eric Röttinger
- Université Côte d'Azur-CNRS-Inserm-Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing, Nice (IRCAN), Medical School, Nice, France
- Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d'Azur-Centre Scientifique de Monaco (LIA ROPSE), Monaco, Nice, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche-Ressources Marines (IFR MARRES), Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Paola Furla
- Université Côte d'Azur-CNRS-Inserm-Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing, Nice (IRCAN), Medical School, Nice, France
- Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d'Azur-Centre Scientifique de Monaco (LIA ROPSE), Monaco, Nice, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche-Ressources Marines (IFR MARRES), Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | | | - Didier Forcioli
- Université Côte d'Azur-CNRS-Inserm-Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing, Nice (IRCAN), Medical School, Nice, France
- Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d'Azur-Centre Scientifique de Monaco (LIA ROPSE), Monaco, Nice, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche-Ressources Marines (IFR MARRES), Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Fabien Lombard
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GO-SEE, 75016, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de la Mer de Villefranche sur mer, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Ministère chargé de l'enseignement supérieur, Paris, France
| | - Eric Gilson
- Université Côte d'Azur-CNRS-Inserm-Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing, Nice (IRCAN), Medical School, Nice, France.
- Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d'Azur-Centre Scientifique de Monaco (LIA ROPSE), Monaco, Nice, France.
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche-Ressources Marines (IFR MARRES), Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
- Department of Medical Genetics, CHU, Nice, France.
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5
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Noel B, Denoeud F, Rouan A, Buitrago-López C, Capasso L, Poulain J, Boissin E, Pousse M, Da Silva C, Couloux A, Armstrong E, Carradec Q, Cruaud C, Labadie K, Lê-Hoang J, Tambutté S, Barbe V, Moulin C, Bourdin G, Iwankow G, Romac S, Agostini S, Banaigs B, Boss E, Bowler C, de Vargas C, Douville E, Flores JM, Forcioli D, Furla P, Galand PE, Lombard F, Pesant S, Reynaud S, Sullivan MB, Sunagawa S, Thomas OP, Troublé R, Thurber RV, Allemand D, Planes S, Gilson E, Zoccola D, Wincker P, Voolstra CR, Aury JM. Pervasive tandem duplications and convergent evolution shape coral genomes. Genome Biol 2023; 24:123. [PMID: 37264421 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-02960-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last decade, several coral genomes have been sequenced allowing a better understanding of these symbiotic organisms threatened by climate change. Scleractinian corals are reef builders and are central to coral reef ecosystems, providing habitat to a great diversity of species. RESULTS In the frame of the Tara Pacific expedition, we assemble two coral genomes, Porites lobata and Pocillopora cf. effusa, with vastly improved contiguity that allows us to study the functional organization of these genomes. We annotate their gene catalog and report a relatively higher gene number than that found in other public coral genome sequences, 43,000 and 32,000 genes, respectively. This finding is explained by a high number of tandemly duplicated genes, accounting for almost a third of the predicted genes. We show that these duplicated genes originate from multiple and distinct duplication events throughout the coral lineage. They contribute to the amplification of gene families, mostly related to the immune system and disease resistance, which we suggest to be functionally linked to coral host resilience. CONCLUSIONS At large, we show the importance of duplicated genes to inform the biology of reef-building corals and provide novel avenues to understand and screen for differences in stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Noel
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91057, France
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, R2022/Tara Oceans GO-SEE, 3 Rue Michel-Ange, 75016, Paris, France
| | - France Denoeud
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91057, France
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, R2022/Tara Oceans GO-SEE, 3 Rue Michel-Ange, 75016, Paris, France
| | - Alice Rouan
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Nice, France
- LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé, Université Côte d'Azur - Centre Scientifique de Monaco, France
| | | | - Laura Capasso
- LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé, Université Côte d'Azur - Centre Scientifique de Monaco, France
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Marine Biology Department, Monaco City, 98000, Monaco
- Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Julie Poulain
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91057, France
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, R2022/Tara Oceans GO-SEE, 3 Rue Michel-Ange, 75016, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Boissin
- Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL, PSL Research University, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Cedex, Perpignan, France
| | - Mélanie Pousse
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Nice, France
- LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé, Université Côte d'Azur - Centre Scientifique de Monaco, France
| | - Corinne Da Silva
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91057, France
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, R2022/Tara Oceans GO-SEE, 3 Rue Michel-Ange, 75016, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Couloux
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91057, France
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, R2022/Tara Oceans GO-SEE, 3 Rue Michel-Ange, 75016, Paris, France
| | - Eric Armstrong
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91057, France
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, R2022/Tara Oceans GO-SEE, 3 Rue Michel-Ange, 75016, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Carradec
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91057, France
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, R2022/Tara Oceans GO-SEE, 3 Rue Michel-Ange, 75016, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Cruaud
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, R2022/Tara Oceans GO-SEE, 3 Rue Michel-Ange, 75016, Paris, France
- Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91057, France
| | - Karine Labadie
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, R2022/Tara Oceans GO-SEE, 3 Rue Michel-Ange, 75016, Paris, France
- Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91057, France
| | - Julie Lê-Hoang
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91057, France
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, R2022/Tara Oceans GO-SEE, 3 Rue Michel-Ange, 75016, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Tambutté
- LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé, Université Côte d'Azur - Centre Scientifique de Monaco, France
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Marine Biology Department, Monaco City, 98000, Monaco
| | - Valérie Barbe
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91057, France
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, R2022/Tara Oceans GO-SEE, 3 Rue Michel-Ange, 75016, Paris, France
| | - Clémentine Moulin
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, R2022/Tara Oceans GO-SEE, 3 Rue Michel-Ange, 75016, Paris, France
- Fondation Tara Océan, Base Tara, 8 Rue de Prague, 75 012, Paris, France
| | | | - Guillaume Iwankow
- Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL, PSL Research University, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Cedex, Perpignan, France
| | - Sarah Romac
- AD2M, UMR 7144, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, ECOMAP, Roscoff, France
| | - Sylvain Agostini
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1, Shimoda, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Bernard Banaigs
- Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL, PSL Research University, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Cedex, Perpignan, France
| | - Emmanuel Boss
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, USA
| | - Chris Bowler
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, R2022/Tara Oceans GO-SEE, 3 Rue Michel-Ange, 75016, Paris, France
- Institut de Biologie de L'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Colomban de Vargas
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, R2022/Tara Oceans GO-SEE, 3 Rue Michel-Ange, 75016, Paris, France
- AD2M, UMR 7144, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, ECOMAP, Roscoff, France
| | - Eric Douville
- Laboratoire Des Sciences du Climat Et de L'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, 91191, France
| | - J Michel Flores
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Didier Forcioli
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Nice, France
- LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé, Université Côte d'Azur - Centre Scientifique de Monaco, France
| | - Paola Furla
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Nice, France
- LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé, Université Côte d'Azur - Centre Scientifique de Monaco, France
| | - Pierre E Galand
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, R2022/Tara Oceans GO-SEE, 3 Rue Michel-Ange, 75016, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques (LECOB), Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Banyuls Sur Mer, France
| | - Fabien Lombard
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, R2022/Tara Oceans GO-SEE, 3 Rue Michel-Ange, 75016, Paris, France
- Institut de La Mer de Villefranche Sur Mer, Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche-Sur-Mer, 06230, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, 75231, France
| | - Stéphane Pesant
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Stéphanie Reynaud
- LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé, Université Côte d'Azur - Centre Scientifique de Monaco, France
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Marine Biology Department, Monaco City, 98000, Monaco
| | - Matthew B Sullivan
- Departments of Microbiology and Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Shinichi Sunagawa
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier P Thomas
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
| | - Romain Troublé
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, R2022/Tara Oceans GO-SEE, 3 Rue Michel-Ange, 75016, Paris, France
- Fondation Tara Océan, Base Tara, 8 Rue de Prague, 75 012, Paris, France
| | - Rebecca Vega Thurber
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, 220 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Denis Allemand
- LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé, Université Côte d'Azur - Centre Scientifique de Monaco, France
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Marine Biology Department, Monaco City, 98000, Monaco
| | - Serge Planes
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, R2022/Tara Oceans GO-SEE, 3 Rue Michel-Ange, 75016, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL, PSL Research University, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Cedex, Perpignan, France
| | - Eric Gilson
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Nice, France
- LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé, Université Côte d'Azur - Centre Scientifique de Monaco, France
- Department of Human Genetics, CHU Nice, Nice, France
| | - Didier Zoccola
- LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé, Université Côte d'Azur - Centre Scientifique de Monaco, France
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Marine Biology Department, Monaco City, 98000, Monaco
| | - Patrick Wincker
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91057, France
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, R2022/Tara Oceans GO-SEE, 3 Rue Michel-Ange, 75016, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-Marc Aury
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91057, France.
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, R2022/Tara Oceans GO-SEE, 3 Rue Michel-Ange, 75016, Paris, France.
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6
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Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a proinflammatory genital condition characterized by high vaginal bacterial diversity and a paucity of Lactobacillus species. BV has been linked to an elevated risk of HIV acquisition among HIV-negative women and of forward HIV transmission to male sex partners among women living with HIV (adjusted hazard ratios of 1.69 and 3.17, respectively), potentially by eliciting genital inflammation in women with BV and their male sex partners. BV is also highly prevalent among women in sub-Saharan Africa, suggesting that BV treatment may have potential as an HIV prevention strategy. BV is typically treated with antibiotics but recurrence rates are high, possibly because treatment does not directly promote Lactobacillus growth. More recently, BV treatment strategies incorporating live biotherapeutic lactobacilli have led to sustained optimization of the vaginal microbiome and a decrease in inflammatory biomarkers previously associated with HIV susceptibility. Future studies are urgently needed to evaluate BV treatment strategies that can optimize the vaginal microbiome in the long term through colonization with H2 O2 -producing vaginal lactobacilli and to assess whether vaginal microbiota optimization is able to reduce the risk of HIV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Armstrong
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rupert Kaul
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Craig R Cohen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
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7
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Liu R, Armstrong E, Constable S, Buchanan LB, Mohammadi A, Galiwango RM, Huibner S, Perry MC, Prodger JL, Coburn B, Kaul R. Soluble E-cadherin: A marker of genital epithelial disruption. Am J Reprod Immunol 2023; 89:e13674. [PMID: 36593681 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The genital epithelial barrier is a crucial first line of defence against HIV, and epithelial disruption may enhance HIV susceptibility. Assessment of genital epithelial integrity requires biopsies, but their collection is not practical in many research settings. A validated biomarker of genital epithelial barrier integrity would therefore be useful. The purpose of this study was to evaluate soluble E-cadherin (sE-cad) as a marker of genital epithelial disruption. METHOD OF STUDY Using in vitro models of endocervical and foreskin epithelial cells, we assessed changes in sE-cad, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-1α levels following mechanical disruption. We also assessed changes in sE-cad levels in vivo in cervicovaginal secretions after epithelial disruption by endocervical cytobrush sampling in Canadian women, and assessed the relationship between levels of sE-cad in coronal sulcus swabs to membrane-bound E-cadherin in the overlying foreskin tissue in Ugandan men. RESULTS sE-cad levels immediately increased after in vitro epithelial physical disruption with the degree of elevation dependent on the extent of disruption, as did levels of IL-1β and IL-1α; this was followed by a delayed increase in IL-6 levels. In vivo results confirmed that sE-cad levels in cervicovaginal secretions were elevated 6 h after cytobrush sampling when compared to baseline. Furthermore, levels of sE-cad in the prepuce were inversely correlated with the amount of membrane-bound E-cadherin of overlying tissue. CONCLUSION Our results validate the use of sE-cad as a marker of epithelial disruption and demonstrate that the processes of physical disruption and inflammation in the genital tract are strongly intertwined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Armstrong
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shirley Constable
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lane B Buchanan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Avid Mohammadi
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Sanja Huibner
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie C Perry
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica L Prodger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bryan Coburn
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rupert Kaul
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Armstrong E, Hemmerling A, Joag V, Huibner S, Kulikova M, Crawford E, Castañeda GR, Anzala O, Obila O, Shahabi K, Ravel J, Coburn B, Cohen CR, Kaul R. Treatment Success Following Standard Antibiotic Treatment for Bacterial Vaginosis Is Not Associated With Pretreatment Genital Immune or Microbial Parameters. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad007. [PMID: 36726539 PMCID: PMC9887266 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a proinflammatory genital condition associated with adverse reproductive health outcomes, including increased HIV incidence. However, BV recurrence rates are high after standard antibiotic treatment. While the composition of the vaginal microbiota before BV treatment may be linked to BV recurrence, it is unclear whether the preceding genital immune milieu is predictive of treatment success. Methods Here we assessed whether baseline vaginal soluble immune factors or the composition of the vaginal microbiota predicted treatment success 1 month after metronidazole treatment in 2 separate cohorts of women with BV, 1 in the United States and 1 in Kenya; samples within 48 hours of BV treatment were also available for the US cohort. Results Neither soluble immune factors nor the composition of the vaginal microbiota before BV treatment was associated with treatment response in either cohort. In the US cohort, although the absolute abundances of key vaginal bacterial taxa pretreatment were not associated with treatment response, participants with sustained BV clearance had a more pronounced reduction in the absolute abundance of Gardnerella vaginalis immediately after treatment. Conclusions Pretreatment immune and microbial parameters were not predictive of BV treatment success in these clinical cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Armstrong
- Correspondence: Eric Armstrong, BSc, 1 King’s College Circle, Room 6356 Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8 (); or Rupert Kaul, MD, PhD, 1 King’s College Circle, Room 6356, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8 ()
| | - Anke Hemmerling
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Vineet Joag
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sanja Huibner
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Kulikova
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily Crawford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Omu Anzala
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Onyango Obila
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kamnoosh Shahabi
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacques Ravel
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bryan Coburn
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Craig R Cohen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rupert Kaul
- Correspondence: Eric Armstrong, BSc, 1 King’s College Circle, Room 6356 Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8 (); or Rupert Kaul, MD, PhD, 1 King’s College Circle, Room 6356, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8 ()
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9
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Staveley R, Armstrong E, Barry E. 187 ‘OUR LANGUAGE’: AN INITIATIVE TO RAISE STAFF AWARENESS OF THE IMPACT OF OUR CHOICE OF WORDS ON PATIENTS. Age Ageing 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac218.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In a hospital specialising in older persons’ rehabilitation, the Speech & Language Therapy team (SLT) commenced an initiative to raise awareness of the impact of all staff’s language on patients. Our language can either support or undermine patient well-being. Supportive language is easy-to-follow, everyday English and respects each person’s autonomy (‘Would you like help to eat?’). Unnecessary jargon or impersonal words can be undermining (e.g. ‘He needs supervision with feeding’). This is supported by national and international guidance tools such as the online ‘Plain Language Style Guide’ by the Health Service Executive Health Promotion Unit and National Adult Literacy Agency.
Methods
Quality improvement methodology was adopted to facilitate an ongoing, flexible approach. SLT delivered pilot workshops on person-centred language to ward staff. Afterward, staff spent a week self-identifying examples of language that could be improved during their work day. Examples were collated and presented back to teams. Online feedback surveys were conducted. Trolley rounds were then rolled out with quiz-style exercises to raise staff awareness across the hospital. Examples of person-centred language generated by staff were shown on rolling videos in key areas across the hospital.
Results
Staff engaged actively in workshop and trolley activities generating a range of examples of more person-centred language. Surveys revealed a new awareness of the need to adapt our language. Several months later, staff continue to demonstrate increased vigilance with their choice of words and regularly consult SLT for advice on language in clinical sessions, documentation or signage. There is still room for improvement in the language used in other areas such as Care Planning Meetings and clinical documentation.
Conclusion
This initiative has started to increase staff awareness of the importance of our choice of words to patient well-being. With the support of hospital management, this initiative will be continued, reviewed and reported on a rolling basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Staveley
- The Royal Hospital Donnybrook , Dublin, Ireland
| | - E Armstrong
- The Royal Hospital Donnybrook , Dublin, Ireland
| | - E Barry
- The Royal Hospital Donnybrook , Dublin, Ireland
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10
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Best L, Corcoran S, Armstrong E, Page A, Montgomery S, Nice L, Berrisford K, Drezet C, Lodge Y, Campbell A. A retrospective assessment of outcomes according to the concentration of protein in culture medium following vitrified oocyte warming. Reprod Biomed Online 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2022]
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11
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Passaro C, Rossiter C, Tsagdi S, Armstrong E, Barrie A, Campbell A. P-263 Clinical factors influencing the incidence of tripronuclear zygotes in IVF. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac107.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Is the incidence of tripronuclear zygotes (3PN) in IVF cycles influenced by clinical, patient and treatment parameters?
Summary answer
Tripronuclear zygotes incidence in IVF cycles was influenced by Antral Follicle Count, number of oocytes retrieved, sperm progressive motility, and the use of fresh semen.
What is known already
Tripronuclear zygotes are indicative of abnormal fertilisation and are not routinely considered suitable for transfer. It is therefore important to optimise their detection and minimise their occurrence. Tripronuclear zygotes can originate as a result of the combination of one maternal and two paternal sets of chromosomes (fertilisation of a haploid oocyte by two haploid spermatozoa or by one diploid spermatozoon) or the combination of one paternal and two maternal sets of chromosomes (fertilisation of a diploid oocyte by one haploid spermatozoon) (1).
Study design, size, duration
This is a retrospective study of 550 IVF cycles performed between April 2018- April 2021, in a single UK clinic. IVF cycles either within (group 1) or exceeding (group 2) the key performance indicator (KPI) for the incidence of 3PN (<6%) (2), were assessed for associations with quantitative cycle variables. Proportion of 3PN per cycle was assessed for associations with qualitative variables. Cycles using donor oocytes (n = 73) were excluded for analyses assessing patient (maternal) parameters.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Continuous variables including age, body mass index, Antral Follicle Count (AFC), anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), oocytes recovered, timing from sperm production to insemination or oocyte recovery to insemination, sperm concentration, progressive motility and morphology were analysed by Mann-Whitney U Test. Qualitative variables including patient ethnicity, own/donor oocyte source, fresh/frozen sperm, stimulation regimen and oocyte recovery needle were analysed by logistic regression assuming binomial errors. Significance was assumed at p < 0.05.
Main results and the role of chance
There was no difference between groups where 3PN incidence exceeded or fell within the KPI when procedure timings and clinical parameters were assessed. There was also no relationship between patient characteristics (age, body mass index, AMH levels, ethnicity, oocyte source (own/donor)), semen concentration or semen morphology and the proportion of 3PN per cycle. However, number of oocytes retrieved in group 2 was significantly higher than group 1 (group 1, n cycles = 307, median oocytes retrieved = 8; group 2, n cycles = 170, median oocytes retrieved = 12 [95% CI -4, -1]) (p < 0.001). Similarly, AFC was significantly increased in group 2 (group 1, n cycles = 254, median AFC = 11; group 2, cycles n = 150, median AFC = 13 [95% CI -4, -1]) (p = 0.009). Likewise, the mean sperm motility parameters were higher for cycles exceeding the 6% 3PN KPI, with 64.6 ± 0.91% vs 68.8 ± 1.11% total motility (p = 0.004), and 57.1 ± 0.97% vs 61.7 ± 1.2% progressive motility (p = 0.003) for group 1 and 2 respectively. Proportion of 3PN per cycle was also significantly higher with fresh semen compared to frozen (6.6 ± 0.39% vs 4.7 ± 0.51%) (p = 0.006).
Limitations, reasons for caution
This is a retrospective study of a single UK clinic. Further analysis, expanding sample size, are required to confirm these findings.
Wider implications of the findings
Our finding that number of oocytes recovered influences 3PN incidence is in agreement with previous studies (3, 4). Fresh and high progressively motile sperm may be more capable of zona pellucida penetration leading to polyspermy and 3PN. Adjustment of sperm concentration at insemination could be considered in higher risk circumstances.
Trial registration number
na
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Affiliation(s)
- C Passaro
- Care Fertility, Care Fertility Birmingham, Birmingham , United Kingdom
| | - C Rossiter
- Care Fertility, Care Fertility Birmingham, Birmingham , United Kingdom
| | - S Tsagdi
- Care Fertility, Care Fertility Birmingham, Birmingham , United Kingdom
| | - E Armstrong
- Care Fertility, Care Fertility Birmingham, Birmingham , United Kingdom
| | - A Barrie
- Care Fertility, Care Fertility Group , Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - A Campbell
- Care Fertility, Care Fertility Group , Nottingham, United Kingdom
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12
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Dimitriou F, Namikawa K, Reijers ILM, Buchbinder EI, Soon JA, Zaremba A, Teterycz P, Mooradian MJ, Armstrong E, Nakamura Y, Vitale MG, Tran LE, Bai X, Allayous C, Provent-Roy S, Indini A, Bhave P, Farid M, Kähler KC, Mehmi I, Atkinson V, Klein O, Stonesifer CJ, Zaman F, Haydon A, Carvajal RD, Hamid O, Dummer R, Hauschild A, Carlino MS, Mandala M, Robert C, Lebbe C, Guo J, Johnson DB, Ascierto PA, Shoushtari AN, Sullivan RJ, Cybulska-Stopa B, Rutkowski P, Zimmer L, Sandhu S, Blank CU, Lo SN, Menzies AM, Long GV. Single-agent anti-PD-1 or combined with ipilimumab in patients with mucosal melanoma: an international, retrospective, cohort study. Ann Oncol 2022; 33:968-980. [PMID: 35716907 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucosal melanoma (MM) is a rare melanoma subtype with distinct biology and poor prognosis. Data on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is limited. We determined the efficacy of ICIs in MM, analysed by primary site and ethnicity/race. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective cohort study from 25 cancer centres in Australia, Europe, USA and Asia. Patients with histologically confirmed MM were treated with anti-PD1+/-ipilimumab. Primary endpoints were response rate (RR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) by primary site (naso-oral, urogenital, anorectal, other), ethnicity/race (Caucasian, Asian, Other) and treatment. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard model analyses were conducted. RESULTS In total, 545 patients were included: 331 (63%) Caucasian, 176 (33%) Asian and 20 (4%) Other. Primary sites included 113 (21%) anorectal, 178 (32%) urogenital, 206 (38%) naso-oral and 45 (8%) other. 348 (64%) received anti-PD1 and 197 (36%) anti-PD1/ipilimumab. RR, PFS and OS did not differ by primary site, ethnicity/race or treatment. RR for naso-oral was numerically higher for anti-PD1/ipilimumab (40%, 95% CI 29-54%) compared with anti-PD1 (29%, 95% CI 21-37%). 35% of patients that initially responded progressed. Median duration of response (mDOR) was 26 months (95% CI 18-NR [Not Reached]). Factors associated with short PFS were ECOG PS ≥3 (p<0.01), LDH >ULN (p=0.01), lung metastases (p<0.01) and ≥1 previous treatments (p<0.01). Factors associated with short OS were ECOG PS ≥1 (p<0.01), LDH >ULN (p=0.03), lung metastases (p<0.01) and ≥1 previous treatments (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS MM has poor prognosis. Treatment efficacy of anti-PD1+/-ipilimumab was similar and did not differ by ethnicity/race. Naso-oral primaries had numerically higher response to anti-PD1/ipilimumab, without difference in survival. The addition of ipilimumab did not show greater benefit over anti-PD1 for other primary sites. In responders, mDOR was short and acquired resistance was common. Other factors, including site and number of metastases were associated with survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dimitriou
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - K Namikawa
- Department of Dermatologic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - I L M Reijers
- Department of Medical Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E I Buchbinder
- Melanoma Disease Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02481, USA
| | - J A Soon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Zaremba
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - P Teterycz
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, 49585Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M J Mooradian
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| | - E Armstrong
- Department of Medicine, Melanoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Y Nakamura
- Department of Skin Oncology/Dermatology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - M G Vitale
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione 'G. Pascale', Napoli, Italy
| | - L E Tran
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - X Bai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - C Allayous
- APHP Hôpital Saint-Louis, Dermatology Department, DMU ICARE, Paris, France
| | - S Provent-Roy
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Gustave Roussy and Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - A Indini
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - P Bhave
- Westmead and Blacktown Hospitals, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Farid
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - K C Kähler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - I Mehmi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, a Cedars-Sinai Affiliate, 11800 Wilshire Blvd Suite 300, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
| | - V Atkinson
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Greenslopes Private Hospital, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - O Klein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - C J Stonesifer
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - F Zaman
- Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Haydon
- Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R D Carvajal
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - O Hamid
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, a Cedars-Sinai Affiliate, 11800 Wilshire Blvd Suite 300, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
| | - R Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Hauschild
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - M S Carlino
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Westmead and Blacktown Hospitals, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Mandala
- Unit of Medical Oncology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - C Robert
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Gustave Roussy and Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - C Lebbe
- Université de Paris, APHP Hôpital Saint-Louis, Dermatology Department, DMU ICARE, INSERM U-976, Paris, France
| | - J Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - D B Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - P A Ascierto
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione 'G. Pascale', Napoli, Italy
| | - A N Shoushtari
- Department of Medicine, Melanoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - R J Sullivan
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| | - B Cybulska-Stopa
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Cracow Branch, Poland
| | - P Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, 49585Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - L Zimmer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - S Sandhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - C U Blank
- Department of Medical Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S N Lo
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A M Menzies
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Armstrong E, Hemmerling A, Miller S, Burke KE, Newmann SJ, Morris SR, Reno H, Huibner S, Kulikova M, Nagelkerke N, Coburn B, Cohen CR, Kaul R. Sustained effect of LACTIN-V (Lactobacillus crispatus CTV-05) on genital immunology following standard bacterial vaginosis treatment: results from a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet Microbe 2022; 3:e435-e442. [PMID: 35659905 PMCID: PMC9188188 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial vaginosis might increase HIV risk by eliciting genital inflammation and epithelial barrier disruption, whereas vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus is associated with immune quiescence and HIV protection. We investigated the effect of a live biotherapeutic containing L crispatus CTV-05 (LACTIN-V) on genital immunology and key vaginal bacteria. Methods This substudy included women aged 18–45 years who participated in the randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial of LACTIN-V to reduce bacterial vaginosis recurrence, conducted at four universities and hospitals in the USA. Women with negative results for sexually transmitted infection, pregnancy, and urinary tract infection were provided a 5-day course of vaginal metronidazole 0·75% gel. Those who met at least three of four clinical Amsel criteria for bacterial vaginosis and had a Nugent score of 4–10 from Gram staining were eligible. Participants in the LACTIN-V trial were randomly assigned (2:1) to receive either LACTIN-V or placebo, applied vaginally once per day for 5 days during the first week and then twice per week for 10 more weeks. Follow-up visits occurred 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks after enrolment. Soluble immune factors and the absolute abundance of bacterial taxa were assayed by mutliplex ELISA and quantitative PCR. The primary outcomes were vaginal levels of IL-1α and soluble E-cadherin at 24 weeks (ie, 13 weeks after treatment cessation). Findings Between Feb 21, 2020 and March 18, 2021, we characterised genital immune parameters and the vaginal microbiota in a subset of 66 highly adherent participants who were randomly selected, with no exclusion criteria, from those who had attended all study follow-up visits (n=166) in the larger LACTIN-V clinical trial (n=288). 32 (48%) participants received LACTIN-V and 34 (52%) received placebo. LACTIN-V treatment was significantly associated with lower concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1α (β coefficient 0·310, SE 0·149; p=0·042) and soluble E-cadherin (0·429, 0·199; p=0·035), a biomarker of epithelial barrier disruption. Interpretation Vaginal administration of LACTIN-V following standard bacterial vaginosis therapy resulted in a sustained reduction in genital inflammation and a biomarker of epithelial integrity. The potential of LACTIN-V to reduce HIV susceptibility merits further investigation. Funding Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
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Armstrong E, Hemmerling A, Miller S, Burke KE, Newmann SJ, Morris SR, Reno H, Huibner S, Kulikova M, Liu R, Crawford ED, Castañeda GR, Nagelkerke N, Coburn B, Cohen CR, Kaul R. Metronidazole treatment rapidly reduces genital inflammation through effects on bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria rather than lactobacilli. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:152930. [PMID: 35113809 PMCID: PMC8920324 DOI: 10.1172/jci152930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial vaginosis (BV) causes genital inflammation and increases HIV risk, while a vaginal microbiota dominated by Lactobacillus species is associated with immune quiescence and relative HIV protection. BV treatment reduces genital inflammation, but it is unclear whether this is driven by a decrease in BV-associated bacteria or an increase in Lactobacillus. METHODS To evaluate the short-term impact of standard BV treatment on genital immunology and the vaginal microbiota, vaginal swabs were collected immediately before and after metronidazole treatment for BV and analyzed with multiplex ELISA, metagenomic sequencing, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Topical metronidazole treatment rapidly reduced vaginal levels of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and soluble immune markers of epithelial barrier disruption. Although the vaginal microbiota shifted to dominance by L. iners or L. jensenii, this proportional shift was primarily driven by a 2-4 log10 fold reduction in BV-associated bacteria absolute abundance; BV treatment induced no change in the absolute abundance of L. crispatus or L. iners, and only minor (<1 log10 fold) increases in L. gasseri and L. jensenii that were not independently associated with reduced inflammation in multivariable models. CONCLUSION The genital immune benefits that are associated with Lactobacillus dominance following BV treatment were not directly attributable to an absolute increase in lactobacilli, but rather to the loss of BV-associated bacteria.TRAIL REGISTRATION. Participants were recruited as part of a randomized controlled trial (NCT02766023) from 2016 to 2020. FUNDING Canadian Institutes of Health Research (PJT-156123) and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (HHSN2722013000141 and HHSN27200007).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anke Hemmerling
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Steve Miller
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Kerianne E Burke
- Ruth M. Rothstein CORE Centre, Stroger Hospital of Cook County Health, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Sara J Newmann
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Sheldon R Morris
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - Hilary Reno
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, United States of America
| | - Sanja Huibner
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Maria Kulikova
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rachel Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Emily D Crawford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Gloria R Castañeda
- Infectious Diseases, Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Nico Nagelkerke
- Centre for Global Health Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bryan Coburn
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Craig R Cohen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Rupert Kaul
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Abstract
HIV incidence continues to be unacceptably high in Eastern and Southern Africa, with women disproportionately affected. An increased per-contact risk of HIV acquisition among African, Caribbean, and other Black (ACB) women has been associated with the higher prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in these communities, wherein the vaginal microbiota is predominated by diverse pro-inflammatory anaerobic bacteria. However, while the vaginal microbiota in BV-free women is typically predominated by one of several different Lactobacillus spp., the degree of HIV protection afforded by a Lactobacillus-predominant vaginal microbiota also varies considerably. Specifically, L. crispatus is associated with an immunoregulatory genital immune environment, exclusion of BV-associated bacteria, and reduced HIV risk. In contrast, less HIV protection or exclusion of BV-associated bacteria and fewer immune benefits have been associated with L. iners-which is unfortunately the most common Lactobacillus species among ACB women. These species-specific clinical differences are underpinned by substantial genomic differences between Lactobacillus species: for instance, the much smaller genome of L. iners lacks the coding sequence for D-lactic acid dehydrogenase and cannot produce the D-lactate isomer that enhances HIV trapping in mucus but encodes for epithelial cell toxins and stress resistance proteins that may enhance bacterial survival in the context of microbiota and environmental fluctuations. While more studies are needed to elucidate whether differences in HIV protection between Lactobacillus species are due to direct genital immune effects or the exclusion of proinflammatory BV-associated bacteria, the current body of work suggests that for BV treatment to succeed as an HIV prevention strategy, it may be necessary to induce a vaginal microbiota that is predominated by specific (non-iners) Lactobacillus species. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Armstrong
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Rupert Kaul
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Immunodeficiency Clinic, Toronto, Canada
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Armstrong E, Patel P, Jani A. Preventing Vasovagal/Syncopal Episodes During Prostate Fiducial Marker Placement. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Armstrong E, Higgins K, Bradley J, Washington M, Ghavidel B, Roper J, Dresser S, Giles M, Kayode O, Lloyd M, Gustafson S, Voigt E. Implementing Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Workflow Using the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group 203 Guidelines. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Larkin EH, Armstrong E. 1115 Does the Published Evidence Support Cell Transplantation in Liver Disease? Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Although a significant body of evidence proposes a role for cell transplantation as a bridge or alternative to orthotopic liver transplantation for a range of liver disorders, this therapy is not performed in the United Kingdom. Several cell types, including human hepatocytes and mesenchymal stem cells, have been assessed for safety and efficacy, with numerous transfusion protocols. In this review we critically evaluated published human studies of hepatocyte transplantation in respect of (i) methods used to evaluate efficacy of therapy, particularly the use of validated prognostic scores for liver disease (MELD or Child-Pugh), and (ii) discrepancies in patient outcomes between studies using different cell types and transfusion protocols.
Method
We reviewed 20 studies on cell transplantation as an alternative to orthotopic liver transplantation. Patient demographics, study design and outcome measures were compared. Outcome measures were post-cell transplant patient survival to (i) the end of the follow-up window, (ii) receipt of a liver transplant, or (iii) death.
Results
Inconsistencies found in study protocols included strategies for cell transfusion, post-transplant immunosuppression and follow-up interval and duration. Comparison of results was complicated by the outcome measures themselves, as neither receipt of a graft nor mortality can be represented in the prognostic scores used. Furthermore, many studies reported biochemistry data which could not be incorporated into MELD/Child-Pugh score format.
Conclusions
Meta-analysis of hepatocyte transplant studies is not possible on account of methodological inconsistencies and lack of large, controlled trials. These may be important factors preventing wider adoption of this intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Larkin
- Royal Free Hospital Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - E Armstrong
- Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Bucks Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Armstrong E, Koronfel M. 1702 A Proforma To Improve Documentation of Surgical Ward Rounds. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
The ward round is an important vehicle in the care of surgical inpatients. Good quality documentation is essential in recording patient progress over time and communicating clearly between multidisciplinary team (MDT) members. This quality improvement project aimed to implement a standardised proforma to improve the quality of ward round documentation, improving MDT communication and patient safety.
Method
Ward round entries from an elective surgical unit at a District General Hospital were retrospectively reviewed using a fifteen-item checklist to assess quality of documentation. These criteria were divided into:
A re-audit was performed following introduction of a ward round proforma using the same criteria.
Results
The pre-intervention arm included 41 entries and the post-intervention arm included 27 entries. Improvements were seen in twelve of the fifteen criteria assessed. The greatest improvements were seen in documentation of management plans; documentation of discharge plan improved from 58.5% to 100%, VTE prophylaxis from 42% to 100% and drain/ catheter plan from 42 to 93%. Documentation of two criteria (signature and bleep) decreased and documentation of date remained at 100%.
Conclusions
The use of a standardised proforma improves documentation of surgical ward rounds, particularly patient’s’ onward management plans. Further modifications to the proforma could aim to improve documentation of bleep and signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Armstrong
- Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom
| | - M Koronfel
- Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom
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Dimitriou F, Namikawa K, Teterycz P, Reijers I, Buchbinder E, Soon J, Zimmer L, Mooradian M, Vitale M, Armstrong E, Johnson D, Guo J, Lebbe C, Robert C, Mandala M, Bhave P, Farid M, Kähler K, Lo S, Long G. 1049P Clinical models to predict response in mucosal melanoma (MM) patients (pts) treated with anti-PD-1 (PD1) or combined with ipilimumab (PD1+IPI). Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Jara E, Peñagaricano F, Menezes C, Tardiz L, Rodons G, Iriarte A, Armstrong E. Transcriptomic analysis of eyelid pigmentation in Hereford cattle. Anim Genet 2020; 51:935-939. [PMID: 33058316 DOI: 10.1111/age.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The study of skin color in cattle holds both economic and scientific interest. Several ocular diseases of cattle have been associated with low pigmentation of the eyelids, including ocular squamous cell carcinoma and infectious keratoconjunctivitis, the two most common ocular diseases affecting cattle production. Although low eyelid pigmentation is a well-known risk factor for various ocular diseases, the genetic and biological basis of this relationship is largely unknown. We investigated the transcriptome of eyelid skin in Hereford cattle using RNA-sequencing technology. Two contrasting groups were evaluated: steers that were completely pigmented and steers with no pigmentation in both eyelids. Most of the up-regulated genes in pigmented samples are directly implicated in melanogenesis and melanosome development, whereas up-regulated genes in non-pigmented samples are implicated in cancer development and the immune system, among other functions. Interestingly, network analysis comparing pigmented vs. non-pigmented samples revealed significant differences in the co-expression patterns of genes related to melanosome, pigmentation and defense response to bacteria, showing higher gene activity, greater co-expression patterns and tighter co-regulation mechanisms in pigmented samples. Overall, our findings indicate that bovine eyelid pigmentation depends on the expression of many genes involved not only in pigmentation and melanosome function but also related to inflammatory response, infection and tumoral pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jara
- Departamento de Genética y Mejora Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay
| | - F Peñagaricano
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - C Menezes
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Metabolismo Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay
| | - L Tardiz
- Departamento de Genética y Mejora Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay
| | - G Rodons
- Departamento de Genética y Mejora Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay
| | - A Iriarte
- Laboratorio de Biología Computacional, Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay
| | - E Armstrong
- Departamento de Genética y Mejora Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay
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Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant cause of morbidity among miners. There is an increasing number of women in the mining industry and the differences in their risk for COPD compared to men miners are not understood. Our objective is to compare the odds for COPD between male and female miners. Using cross-sectional data from the Mining Dust in the United States (MiDUS) Cohort, that included New Mexico miners between 1989 and 2018, we compared the odds for airflow obstruction or chronic bronchitis between women and men. There were 299 women in this diverse cohort of 7,464 miners. Compared to men, female miners reported lower cumulative smoking but higher prevalence of current smoking. Multivariable analysis showed that women miners had significantly lower odds for having airflow obstruction (OR 0.40; 95% CI (0.26, 0.6)) and chronic bronchitis (OR 0.31, 95% CI (0.19, 0.53)) than men. Future studies need to determine whether this sex difference is explained by residual confounders or true biological difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Assad
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Payal Sen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Xin Shore
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Orrin Myers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Eric Armstrong
- Black Lung Program, Miners' Colfax Medical Center, Raton, NM, USA
| | - Linda S Cook
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Akshay Sood
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Black Lung Program, Miners' Colfax Medical Center, Raton, NM, USA
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Coomansingh-Springer C, Vishakha V, Acuna AM, Armstrong E, Sharma RN. Internal parasitic burdens in brown rats ( Rattus norvegicus) from Grenada, West Indies. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02382. [PMID: 31517102 PMCID: PMC6728764 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study identified the endoparasites in Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) during May to July 2017 in Grenada, West Indies. A total of 162 rats, 76 females and 86 males were trapped from St. George and St. David parishes in Grenada. The collected fecal samples were examined for parasitic eggs and/or oocysts using simple fecal flotation technique. Adult parasites found in the intestinal tract were examined for identification. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites among rats was 79 %. Ten helminth species were recovered, several of which were reported for the first time in rodents in Grenada. The internal parasites consist of seven nematodes (Angiostrongylus spp., Nippostrongylus braziliensis, Heterakis spumosa, Strongyloides ratti, Aspiculuris tetraptera, Syphacia spp. and Protospirura spp.), one cestode (Hymenolepsis diminuta), one acanthocephalan (Moniliformis moniliformis) and one protozoa species (Eimeria spp.). The most prevalent zoonotic species were Angiostrongylus spp. (35.2%), Hymenolepsis diminuta (7.4%) and Moniliformis moniliformis (3.1%). Several nonzoonotic endoparasites; which included Nippostrongylus braziliensis (50.6%), Heterakis spumosa (15.4%), Strongyloides ratti (43.2%), Aspiculuris tetraptera (2.5%), Syphacia spp. (1.9%), Protospirura spp. (1.2%) and Eimeria spp. (4.7%) were also identified. The most prevalent parasites were Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (50.6%), Strongyloides ratti (43.2%) and Angiostrongylus spp. (35.2%). Co-infections occurred with up to six species per rat showing different combinations of parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Coomansingh-Springer
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, West Indies, Grenada
| | - V Vishakha
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, West Indies, Grenada
| | - A Montanez Acuna
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, West Indies, Grenada
| | - E Armstrong
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, West Indies, Grenada
| | - R N Sharma
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, West Indies, Grenada
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Armstrong E, Ciappesoni G, Iriarte W, Da Silva C, Macedo F, Navajas EA, Brito G, San Julián R, Gimeno D, Postiglioni A. Novel genetic polymorphisms associated with carcass traits in grazing Texel sheep. Meat Sci 2018; 145:202-208. [PMID: 29982074 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Improving meat production traits has increased its importance in sheep breeding. We report novel associations of SNP present in genes related to lipid metabolism and growth with several carcass traits in purebred Texel lambs. Expected progeny differences (EPD) predictions from 461 animals from the Central Progeny Testing of Texel breed in Uruguay were used for the association analysis. Live weights at different stages, ultrasound and post-mortem traits were analyzed. Markers in several genes were associated with growth, carcass and meat quality traits. Among others: PPARGC1A with valuable cuts weight, hot carcass weight and carcass fatness; DGAT1 with live weights, fat thickness, rib-eye area and shoulder weight; CAST with birth weight and fat thickness; GHR with birth weight and carcass fatness, and GHRHR with live weights and fat thickness. Genotypic effects ranged from 0.035 to 0.923 (DGAT1 vs. weaning weight) units of phenotypic SD. Most of the associations described are novel in sheep breeding, deserving further analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Armstrong
- Departamento de Genética y Mejora Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Av. Lasplaces 1550, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - G Ciappesoni
- Programa Nacional de Carne y Lana, Instituto de Investigación Agropecuaria, Las Brujas, Ruta 48 km. 10, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - W Iriarte
- Departamento de Genética y Mejora Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Av. Lasplaces 1550, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - C Da Silva
- Departamento de Genética y Mejora Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Av. Lasplaces 1550, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - F Macedo
- Departamento de Genética y Mejora Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Av. Lasplaces 1550, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - E A Navajas
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigación Agropecuaria, Las Brujas, Ruta 48 km 10, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - G Brito
- Laboratorio de Calidad de la Canal y la Carne, Instituto de Investigación Agropecuaria, Ruta 5 km. 386, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - R San Julián
- Laboratorio de Calidad de la Canal y la Carne, Instituto de Investigación Agropecuaria, Ruta 5 km. 386, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - D Gimeno
- Área Investigación y Desarrollo, Secretariado Uruguayo de la Lana, Cno. Gral Servando Gomez 2408, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - A Postiglioni
- Departamento de Genética y Mejora Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Av. Lasplaces 1550, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Nummi V, Lassila R, Joutsi-Korhonen L, Armstrong E, Szanto T. Comprehensive re-evaluation of historical von Willebrand disease diagnosis in association with whole blood platelet aggregation and function. Int J Lab Hematol 2018; 40:304-311. [PMID: 29427305 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diagnosis of von Willebrand disease (VWD) is challenging, particularly for type 1. The current diagnostic guidelines emphasize simultaneous bleeding symptoms and von Willebrand factor (VWF) levels of <30-40 IU/dL. Historical diagnoses require updated evaluation. We assessed the accuracy of past VWD diagnoses in our comprehensive care center with the standardized bleeding score (BS) and central laboratory analysis, focusing on VWF-dependent platelet functions in whole blood. METHODS Our study comprised 83 adults with prior VWD who were diagnosed a median of 20 years ago. We assessed BS, VWF antigen and activity (minimum of 3 measurements), FVIII, PFA-100® , and platelet aggregation via Multiplate® . Genetic testing was targeted to types 3, 2N, 2B, and equivocal cases. RESULTS All 13/13 (100%) type 3 and 29/32 (90%) type 2, but only 10/38 (26%) of type 1 (overall 52/83 (63%)) patients met the current criteria for VWD. All confirmed cases had abnormal BS, impaired PFA-100® , and decreased or absent ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation (RIPA), except subtype 2B. VWF, FVIII, RIPA, and PFA correlated with BS including all study subjects. Ten of the 38 patients with previous type 1 had low VWF (35-50 IU/dL) and variable VWF-dependent platelet function. Altogether, 21/83 patients (25%) had repeatedly normal VWF:RCo (>50 IU/dL). CONCLUSION von Willebrand disease is associated with impaired VWF-dependent whole blood platelet functions that match traditional VWF measurements. We detected normal VWF in 25% of historically diagnosed patients, mainly type 1 patients, implying that there is a need to systematically re-evaluate historical VWD diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Nummi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Coagulation Disorders Unit, Department of Hematology and Comprehensive Cancer, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Lassila
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Coagulation Disorders Unit, Department of Hematology and Comprehensive Cancer, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Joutsi-Korhonen
- Coagulation Disorders Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, HUSLAB Laboratory Services, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Armstrong
- Coagulation Disorders Unit, Department of Hematology and Comprehensive Cancer, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Szanto
- Coagulation Disorders Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, HUSLAB Laboratory Services, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Deota S, Chattopadhyay T, Ramachandran D, Armstrong E, Camacho B, Maniyadath B, Fulzele A, Gonzalez-de-Peredo A, Denu JM, Kolthur-Seetharam U. Identification of a Tissue-Restricted Isoform of SIRT1 Defines a Regulatory Domain that Encodes Specificity. Cell Rep 2017; 18:3069-3077. [PMID: 28355560 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The conserved NAD+-dependent deacylase SIRT1 plays pivotal, sometimes contrasting, roles in diverse physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In this study, we uncover a tissue-restricted isoform of SIRT1 (SIRT1-ΔE2) that lacks exon 2 (E2). Candidate-based screening of SIRT1 substrates demonstrated that the domain encoded by this exon plays a key role in specifying SIRT1 protein-protein interactions. The E2 domain of SIRT1 was both necessary and sufficient for PGC1α binding, enhanced interaction with p53, and thus downstream functions. Since SIRT1-FL and SIRT1-ΔE2 were found to have similar intrinsic catalytic activities, we propose that the E2 domain tethers specific substrate proteins. Given the absence of SIRT1-ΔE2 in liver, our findings provide insight into the role of the E2 domain in specifying "metabolic functions" of SIRT1-FL. Identification of SIRT1-ΔE2 and the conserved specificity domain will enhance our understanding of SIRT1 and guide the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaunak Deota
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Tandrika Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Deepti Ramachandran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Eric Armstrong
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, UW-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Beatriz Camacho
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, UW-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Babukrishna Maniyadath
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Amit Fulzele
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), CNRS - UMR 5089, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Anne Gonzalez-de-Peredo
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), CNRS - UMR 5089, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - John M Denu
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, UW-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Ullas Kolthur-Seetharam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India.
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Wang AR, Iyer G, Brennan S, Bourgeois S, Armstrong E, Shah P, Harari PM. Abstract 827: Statistical analyses of stable housekeeping gene expression in cancer post-irradiation. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) can induce DNA damage in human cells and result in changes in gene expression. The changes could also include some of the commonly used housekeeping genes (HKG), and thus making them unstable over the time period after being exposed to radiation. Normalization of housekeeping genes is critical for understanding gene expression post-irradiation. Toward the validation of stable HKGs, cancer cell lines from head and neck, non-small cell lung and pancreas were irradiated to 2, 4 and 6 Gy IR doses. Statistical analysis of RNA expression of fourteen HKGs measured at 5 min to 48hrs post-irradiation reveal tradition HKGs such as beta-actin (ACTB) and glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PD) to be unstable, while TATA-Box Binding Protein (TBP) and Importin 8 (IPO8) was identified as stable HKGs in non-small lung and pancreas cell across all IR doses and time. Interestingly in head and neck cancer, TBP is also found stable across all IR doses and time. The statistical framework used for identification and validation of HKGs can serve as a reliable metric for quantifying gene expression post-irradiation.
Citation Format: Albert R. Wang, Gopal Iyer, Sean Brennan, Shay Bourgeois, Eric Armstrong, Pari Shah, Paul M. Harari. Statistical analyses of stable housekeeping gene expression in cancer post-irradiation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 827. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-827
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gopal Iyer
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | | | | | | | - Pari Shah
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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Chatterji R, Naylor JM, Harris IA, Armstrong E, Davidson E, Ekmejian R, Descallar J. An equivalence study: Are patient-completed and telephone interview equivalent modes of administration for the EuroQol survey? Health Qual Life Outcomes 2017; 15:18. [PMID: 28114993 PMCID: PMC5259885 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-017-0596-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To determine if the EuroQol Health Related Quality of Life survey produces equivalent results when administered by phone interview or patient-completed forms. Methods People awaiting hip or knee arthroplasty at a major metropolitan hospital participated. They were randomly assigned to receive the EuroQol Health Related Quality of Life survey via telephone, followed by a patient completed form 1 week later, or vice versa. Equivalence was determined using two one-sided tests (TOST) based on minimal clinically-important differences for the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the summary Utility Index. Cohen’s Kappa scores were computed to determine agreement for the individual EuroQoL Likert scale items. Results Seventy-six from 90 (84%) participants completed the survey twice. Based on limits set at ±7 and ±0.11 for the VAS and Utility Index, respectively, equivalence was established between the two methods of administration for both the VAS (mean difference 0.05 [90% CI −3.76–3.67]) and the Utility Index (mean difference 0.06 [90% CI 0.02–0.11]). Varying levels of agreement, ranging from slight to substantial (κ = 0.17–0.67), were demonstrated for the individual health domains. The order of telephone and patient-completed survey administration had no significant effect on results. Conclusions Equivalent results are obtained between telephone and patient-completed administration for the VAS and Utility Index of the EuroQol Survey in people with advanced hip or knee osteoarthritis. The limits of agreement for the individual health domains vary which prevents the accurate interpretation of real change in these items across modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chatterji
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Liverpool, NSW, Australia. .,Orthopaedic Department, Liverpool Hospital, Locked Bag 7103, Liverpool, BC, 1871, Australia.
| | - J M Naylor
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Liverpool Hospital Orthopaedic Department, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - I A Harris
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Liverpool Hospital Orthopaedic Department, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Whitlam Orthopaedic Research Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, 1 Campbell St, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - E Armstrong
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Whitlam Orthopaedic Research Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, 1 Campbell St, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - E Davidson
- Nepean Hospital Physiotherapy Department, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - R Ekmejian
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - J Descallar
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, 1 Campbell St, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
Findings from the science of learning have clear implications for those responsible for teaching and curricular design. However, this data has been historically siloed from educators in practice, including those in health professions education. In this article, we aim to bring practical tips from the science of learning to health professions educators. We have chosen to organize the tips into six themes, highlighting strategies for 1) improving the processing of information, 2) promoting effortful learning for greater retention of knowledge over time, 3) applying learned information to new and varied contexts, 4) promoting the development of expertise, 5) harnessing the power of emotion for learning, and 6) teaching and learning in social contexts. We conclude with the importance of attending to metacognition in our learners and ourselves. Health professions education can be strengthened by incorporating these evidence-based techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Gooding
- a Harvard Macy Institute , Boston , MA , USA
| | - K Mann
- b Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada
| | - E Armstrong
- a Harvard Macy Institute , Boston , MA , USA
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Iyer G, Price J, Bourgeois S, Armstrong E, Huang S, Harari PM. Erratum to: Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor mediated tyrosine 845 phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor in the presence of monoclonal antibody cetuximab. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:928. [PMID: 27905891 PMCID: PMC5131511 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2958-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Iyer
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53792, USA.
| | - James Price
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53792, USA
| | - Shay Bourgeois
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53792, USA
| | - Eric Armstrong
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53792, USA
| | - Shyhmin Huang
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53792, USA
| | - Paul M Harari
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53792, USA
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Saimen A, Armstrong E, Manitshana C, Govender I. Evaluation of a two-question screening tool in the detection of intimate partner violence in a primary healthcare setting in South Africa. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2016. [DOI: 10.4102/safp.v58i5.4588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Intimate partner violence has been recognised globally as a human rights violation. It is universally under-diagnosed and the institution of timeous multi-faceted interventions has been noted to benefit intimate partner violence victims. Currently the concept of using a screening tool to detect intimate partner violence has not been widely explored in a primary healthcare setting in South Africa, and for this reason the current study was undertaken. The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the operating characteristics of a two-question screening tool for intimate partner violence (Women Abuse Screening Tool–short); and (2) to estimate the prevalence of intimate partner violence among women attending an outpatient department, using a validated questionnaire (Women Abuse Screening Tool). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted prospectively at the outpatient department of a primary care hospital, with systematic sampling of one in eight women over a period of three months. Participants were asked about their experience of intimate partner violence during the past 12 months. The Women Abuse Screening Tool–short was used to screen patients for intimate partner violence. To verify the result of the screening, women were also asked the remaining questions from the full Women Abuse Screening Tool. Results: Data were collected from 400 participants, with a response rate of 99.3%. Based on the results for the Women Abuse Screening Tool, the prevalence of intimate partner violence in the sample was 32%. The Women Abuse Screening Tool–short was shown to have a sensitivity of 45.2% and specificity of 98%. Conclusion: With its high prevalence, intimate partner violence is a health problem at this facility. The Women Abuse Screening Tool–short lacks sufficient sensitivity and therefore is not an ideal screening tool for this primary care ambulatory setting. The low sensitivity can be attributed to the participants’ understanding of the screening questions, which utilise Eurocentric definitions of intimate partner violence. Improvement in the sensitivity of the Women Abuse Screening Tool–short in this setting may be achieved by lowering the threshold for a positive result.
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Iyer G, Price J, Bourgeois S, Armstrong E, Huang S, Harari PM. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor mediated tyrosine 845 phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor in the presence of monoclonal antibody cetuximab. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:773. [PMID: 27716204 PMCID: PMC5054590 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2796-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and several other human cancers. Monoclonal antibodies, such as cetuximab that block EGFR signaling, have emerged as valuable molecular targeting agents in clinical cancer therapy. Prolonged exposure to cetuximab can result in cells acquiring resistance by a process that remains incompletely understood. METHODS In this study, we analyzed the immediate early molecular response of cetuximab on physical interactions between EGFR and Insulin growth factor 1 like receptor (IGF-1R) in head and neck cancer cells that are resistant to cetuximab. Co-immunoprecipitation, small molecule inhibitors against phospho-Src and IGF-1R, quantitative western blot of EGFR and Src phosphorylation, cell proliferation assays were used to suggest the role of IGF-1R mediated phosphorylation of specific tyrosine Y845 on EGFR via increased heterodimerization of EGFR and IGF-1R in cetuximab resistant cells. RESULTS Heterodimerization of EGFR with IGF-1R was increased in cetuximab resistant HNSCC cell line UMSCC6. Basal levels of phosphorylated EGFR Y845 showed significant increase in the presence of cetuximab. Surprisingly, this activated Y845 level was not inhibited in the presence of Src inhibitor PP1. Instead, inhibition of IGF-1R by picropodophyllin (PPP) reduced the EGFR Y845 levels. Taken together, these results suggest that heterodimerization of EGFR with IGF-1R can lead to increased activity of EGFR and may be an important platform for cetuximab mediated signaling in head and neck tumors that have become resistant to anti-EGFR therapy. CONCLUSIONS EGFR-IGF-1R interaction has a functional consequence of phosphorylation of EGFR Y845 in cetuximab resistant HNSCC cells and dual targeting of EGFR and IGF-1R is a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Iyer
- Department of Human Oncology and the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53792, USA.
| | - James Price
- Department of Human Oncology and the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53792, USA
| | - Shay Bourgeois
- Department of Human Oncology and the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53792, USA
| | - Eric Armstrong
- Department of Human Oncology and the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53792, USA
| | - Shyhmin Huang
- Department of Human Oncology and the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53792, USA
| | - Paul M Harari
- Department of Human Oncology and the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53792, USA
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Saimen A, Armstrong E, Manitshana C, Govender I. Evaluation of a two-question screening tool in the detection of intimate partner violence in a primary healthcare setting in South Africa. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2016.1223796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Ruff C, Faulkner S, Armstrong E, Basilious A, Fan S, Thiyagalingam S, Yager J, Fehlings M. ISDN2014_0205: Intrauterine growth restriction‐induced cerebral palsy: Evaluating histological and behavioural differences in a translational rodent model. Int J Dev Neurosci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.04.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C.A. Ruff
- Division of Genetics and DevelopmentDepartment of SurgeryToronto Western Research Institute (TWRI)University Health Network (UHN)Canada
| | - S.D. Faulkner
- Division of Genetics and DevelopmentDepartment of SurgeryToronto Western Research Institute (TWRI)University Health Network (UHN)Canada
| | - E. Armstrong
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - A. Basilious
- Division of Genetics and DevelopmentDepartment of SurgeryToronto Western Research Institute (TWRI)University Health Network (UHN)Canada
| | - S. Fan
- Division of Genetics and DevelopmentDepartment of SurgeryToronto Western Research Institute (TWRI)University Health Network (UHN)Canada
| | - S. Thiyagalingam
- Division of Genetics and DevelopmentDepartment of SurgeryToronto Western Research Institute (TWRI)University Health Network (UHN)Canada
| | - J.Y. Yager
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - M.G. Fehlings
- Division of Genetics and DevelopmentDepartment of SurgeryToronto Western Research Institute (TWRI)University Health Network (UHN)Canada
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Gains JE, Walker C, Sullivan TM, Waddington WA, Fersht NL, Sullivan KP, Armstrong E, D'Souza DP, Aldridge MD, Bomanji JB, Gaze MN. Radiation exposure to comforters and carers during paediatric molecular radiotherapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015; 62:235-239. [PMID: 25284346 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To show whether the incidental radiation exposure received by comforters and carers of children undergoing molecular radiotherapy was kept as low as reasonably achievable and was within English national dose constraints. PROCEDURE The radiation exposure of adult comforters and carers was routinely monitored with a whole body personal dose meter while the child was in hospital. Data were collected on iodine-131 meta-iodobenzylguanidine (131 I-mIBG), lutetium-177 DOTATATE (177 Lu-DOTATATE), and iodine-131 sodium iodide (131 I-NaI) treatments. RESULTS Data were available for 50 treatments with high-administered activity double-infusion 131 I-mIBG and 12 single administrations; 15 177 Lu-DOTATATE treatments and 28 131 I-NaI administrations. The median age was 7 years (1-18). The median administered activity of: 131 I-mIBG was 16.2 GBq (6.8-59 GBq) for double infusion patients and 8.1 GBq (5.26-16.25 GBq) for single administrations; 177 Lu-DOTATATE was 7.2 GBq (2.5-7.5 GBq); and 131 I-NaI was 3 GBq for thyroid remnant ablation and 5.5 GBq for cancer therapy. The median number of comforters and carers for all administrations was 2 (range 1-9). The median exposure values for comforters and carers for high-administered activity 131 I-mIBG administrations was 302 µSv (0-5282 µSv); for single fraction 131 I-mIBG 163 µSv (3-3104 µSv); 177 Lu-DOTATATE 6 µSv (1-79 µSv); and 131 I-NaI 37 µSv (0-274 µSv). Only one of the comforters and carers exceeded the dose constraint of 5 mSv. CONCLUSIONS Doses to comforters and carers were in all but one case within the dose constraint nationally recommended by the Health Protection Agency, now part of Public Health England. New evidence is presented which show that comforter and carer radiation exposure levels from paediatric molecular radiotherapy in routine clinical practice are acceptably low. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:235-239. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Gains
- Department of Oncology, University College Hospital, 250 Euston Road, NW1 2PQ, London, United Kingdom
| | - C Walker
- Department of Oncology, University College Hospital, 250 Euston Road, NW1 2PQ, London, United Kingdom
| | - T M Sullivan
- Radiotherapy Physics, University College Hospital, 250 Euston Road, NW1 2PQ, London, United Kingdom
| | - W A Waddington
- Nuclear Medicine, University College Hospital, 235 Euston Road, NW1 2BU, London, United Kingdom
| | - N L Fersht
- Department of Oncology, University College Hospital, 250 Euston Road, NW1 2PQ, London, United Kingdom
| | - K P Sullivan
- Department of Oncology, University College Hospital, 250 Euston Road, NW1 2PQ, London, United Kingdom
| | - E Armstrong
- Department of Oncology, University College Hospital, 250 Euston Road, NW1 2PQ, London, United Kingdom
| | - D P D'Souza
- Radiotherapy Physics, University College Hospital, 250 Euston Road, NW1 2PQ, London, United Kingdom
| | - M D Aldridge
- Nuclear Medicine, University College Hospital, 235 Euston Road, NW1 2BU, London, United Kingdom
| | - J B Bomanji
- Nuclear Medicine, University College Hospital, 235 Euston Road, NW1 2BU, London, United Kingdom
| | - M N Gaze
- Department of Oncology, University College Hospital, 250 Euston Road, NW1 2PQ, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
A study is reported in which 20 healthy subjects performed a non weight-bearing aided gait with elbow crutches. The crutches were adjusted to a conventional height and also to heights 2cm and 4cm above and below this setting. Temporospatial and kinetic data were acquired and the results indicated that no significant differences were demonstrated for most parameters across the various height settings. Only at the setting 4cm above conventional was there a significant increase in the abduction moment at the shoulder joint. The conclusion of the study was that height adjustment of elbow crutches with this gait was not a critical issue except at a height 4cm above the conventional setting, and that the subjective impression of the user regarding comfort was a good indicator of correctness of fit.
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Armstrong E, Khunsin W, Osiak M, Sotomayor Torres CM, O'Dwyer C. Light Scattering Investigation of 2D and 3D Opal Template Formation on Hydrophilized Surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1149/05847.0009ecst] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Parfrey H, Leonard C, Gibbons MA, Armstrong E, Harris E, Frank R, Sharp C, Percival F. P196 Healthcare utilisation by patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis; observations from the UK pirfenidone Named Patient Programme. Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Jokela V, Lassila R, Szanto T, Joutsi-Korhonen L, Armstrong E, Oyen F, Schneppenheim S, Schneppenheim R. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of 10 Finnish patients with von Willebrand disease type 3: discovery of two main mutations. Haemophilia 2013; 19:e344-8. [PMID: 23834637 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Severe von Willebrand's disease (VWD) type 3 is a rare autosomal-recessively inherited bleeding disorder, showing considerable genotypic heterogeneity. We investigated the phenotype in correlation with the genotype in Finnish type 3 VWD patients. Ten patients previously diagnosed with VWD type 3 treated at the Coagulation Disorder Unit in Helsinki University Hospital were re-evaluated for bleeding tendency and treatment. Phenotypic characterization included coagulation and platelet function testing confirming the diagnosis. The genotype was assessed by initial screening for the common c.2435delC mutation and subsequently if needed, by analysing all 51 coding exons of the von Willebrand factor gene. Our result confirmed the diagnosis of type 3 VWD for all 10 patients. We discovered two common mutations: nine of the 20 alleles (45%) were found to carry the c.2435delC frameshift mutation, previously described to be frequent in countries surrounding the Baltic Sea. The nonsense mutation c.4975C>T (p.R1659X) was found on 8/20 (40%) of the alleles. In addition, three novel mutations, a potential splice site mutation (c.874+2T>C) and two frameshift mutations (c.1668delC and c.2072delCCinsG) were found. Seven patients were homozygous and three compound heterozygous for the reported mutations. This study indicates that mainly two mutations (c.2435delC and p.R1659X) cause the majority of type 3 VWD in Finland. This result sets future standards for the genetic testing among the Finnish type 3 VWD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Jokela
- Coagulation Disorders Unit, Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Saker J, Armstrong E, Bednarz B, Farhoud M, Besemer A, Weichert J, Harari P. Abstract 4536: Combination external beam and internal radiation via 131I-CLR1404 in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma xenografts. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-4536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a central treatment modality for head and neck cancer (HNC). However, optimal outcome is commonly limited by the radiation tolerance of adjacent normal tissue structures. Radiation is sometimes valuable in the setting of locoregional tumor recurrence, however the risk of significant normal tissue toxicity is substantial with repeat irradiation and can have a profound adverse impact on patient quality of life. Although technical advances including intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) can reduce normal tissue effects, the problem of repeat exposure of normal tissues to radiation is frequently limiting. The radiolabeled drug 124/131I-CLR1404 is a phospholipid ether analogue (PLE) that accumulates preferentially within malignant tumors and enables internal delivery of radiation. This allows a combination of external and internal radiotherapy delivery with a goal of improving treatment outcome without enhanced normal tissue toxicities.
In this study, we characterized the ability of 131I-CLR1404 to augment RT response using xenografted mice harboring human squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). We determined tumor growth delay as well as tumor and normal tissue dose distribution of 131I-CLR-1404 via Monte Carlo simulation using PET data generated with 124I-CLR1404 imaging. Tumor growth delay was extended by 15.5 days using combined 3.7MBq 131I-CLR1404 and RT compared to RT or 131I-CLR1404 alone. In combination therapy, single dose administration of 7.4 MBq 131I-CLR1404 as well as split dosing with 2 x 3.7 MBq separated by one week showed the same additional growth delay of 27 days compared to single dose of 3.7 MBq. Monitoring drug distribution via PET/CT showed high tumor selectivity with a tumor-to-liver ratio of 6.2±0.65 and a tumor-to-muscle ratio of 6.7±0.21.
These data illustrate the tumor selectivity of the CLR1404 PLE delivery platform as well as augmentation of tumor response with combined RT and 131I-CLR1404 treatment. De-intensification of external beam radiation dose, with attendant reduction in normal tissue toxicities so common in HNC patients represents a central objective to be tested in controlled clinical trials with the ultimate goal of improving treatment outcome and quality of life for HNC patients.
Citation Format: Jarob Saker, Eric Armstrong, Bryan Bednarz, Mohammed Farhoud, Abigail Besemer, Jamey Weichert, Paul Harari. Combination external beam and internal radiation via 131I-CLR1404 in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma xenografts. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4536. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4536
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarob Saker
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul Harari
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI
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Armstrong E, Iriarte A, Martínez AM, Feijoo M, Vega-Pla JL, Delgado JV, Postiglioni A. Genetic diversity analysis of the Uruguayan Creole cattle breed using microsatellites and mtDNA markers. Genet Mol Res 2013; 12:1119-31. [PMID: 23661437 DOI: 10.4238/2013.april.10.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The Uruguayan Creole cattle population (N = 600) is located in a native habitat in south-east Uruguay. We analyzed its genetic diversity and compared it to other populations of American Creole cattle. A random sample of 64 animals was genotyped for a set of 17 microsatellite loci, and the D-loop hyper-variable region of mtDNA was sequenced for 28 calves of the same generation. We identified an average of 5.59 alleles per locus, with expected heterozygosities between 0.466 and 0.850 and an expected mean heterozygosity of 0.664. The polymorphic information content ranged from 0.360 to 0.820, and the global FIS index was 0.037. The D-loop analysis revealed three haplotypes (UY1, UY2 and UY3), belonging to the European matriline group, with a haplotype diversity of 0.532. The history of the population, changes in the effective population size, bottlenecks, and genetic drift are possible causes of the genetic variability patterns that we detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Armstrong
- Área Genética, Departamento de Genética y Mejora Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Osiak M, Khunsin W, Armstrong E, Kennedy T, Torres CMS, Ryan KM, O'Dwyer C. Epitaxial growth of visible to infra-red transparent conducting In2O3 nanodot dispersions and reversible charge storage as a Li-ion battery anode. Nanotechnology 2013; 24:065401. [PMID: 23340017 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/6/065401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Unique bimodal distributions of single crystal epitaxially grown In2O3 nanodots on silicon are shown to have excellent IR transparency greater than 87% at IR wavelengths up to 4 μm without sacrificing transparency in the visible region. These broadband antireflective nanodot dispersions are grown using a two-step metal deposition and oxidation by molecular beam epitaxy, and backscattered diffraction confirms a dominant (111) surface orientation. We detail the growth of a bimodal size distribution that facilitates good surface coverage (80%) while allowing a significant reduction in In2O3 refractive index. This unique dispersion offers excellent surface coverage and three-dimensional volumetric expansion compared to a thin film, and a step reduction in refractive index compared to bulk active materials or randomly porous composites, to more closely match the refractive index of an electrolyte, improving transparency. The (111) surface orientation of the nanodots, when fully ripened, allows minimum lattice mismatch strain between the In2O3 and the Si surface. This helps to circumvent potential interfacial weakening caused by volume contraction due to electrochemical reduction to lithium, or expansion during lithiation. Cycling under potentiodynamic conditions shows that the transparent anode of nanodots reversibly alloys lithium with good Coulombic efficiency, buffered by co-insertion into the silicon substrate. These properties could potentially lead to further development of similarly controlled dispersions of a range of other active materials to give transparent battery electrodes or materials capable of non-destructive in situ spectroscopic characterization during charging and discharging.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Osiak
- Department of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Hoang T, Huang S, Armstrong E, Eickhoff JC, Harari PM. Enhancement of radiation response with bevacizumab. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2012; 31:37. [PMID: 22538017 PMCID: PMC3537546 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-31-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a critical role in tumor angiogenesis. Bevacizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that neutralizes VEGF. We examined the impact on radiation response by blocking VEGF signaling with bevacizumab. Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) growth inhibition and apoptosis were examined by crystal violet assay and flow cytometry, respectively. In vitro HUVEC tube formation and in vivo Matrigel assays were performed to assess the anti-angiogenic effect. Finally, a series of experiments of growth inhibition on head and neck (H&N) SCC1 and lung H226 tumor xenograft models were conducted to evaluate the impact of bevacizumab on radiation response in concurrent as well as sequential therapy. Results The anti-angiogenic effect of bevacizumab appeared to derive not only from inhibition of endothelial cell growth (40%) but also by interfering with endothelial cell function including mobility, cell-to-cell interaction and the ability to form capillaries as reflected by tube formation. In cell culture, bevacizumab induced a 2 ~ 3 fold increase in endothelial cell apoptosis following radiation. In both SCC1 and H226 xenograft models, the concurrent administration of bevacizumab and radiation reduced tumor blood vessel formation and inhibited tumor growth compared to either modality alone. We observed a siginificant tumor reduction in mice receiving the combination of bevacizumab and radiation in comparison to mice treated with bevacizumab or radiation alone. We investigated the impact of bevacizumab and radiation treatment sequence on tumor response. In the SCC1 model, tumor response was strongest with radiation followed by bevacizumab with less sequence impact observed in the H226 model. Conclusions Overall, these data demonstrate enhanced tumor response when bevacizumab is combined with radiation, supporting the emerging clinical investigations that are combining anti-angiogenic therapies with radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien Hoang
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Embling CB, Illian J, Armstrong E, van der Kooij J, Sharples J, Camphuysen KCJ, Scott BE. Investigating fine-scale spatio-temporal predator-prey patterns in dynamic marine ecosystems: a functional data analysis approach. J Appl Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02114.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bredeson C, Burkart J, Sun Y, Zhu X, LeRademacher J, Rizzo J, Armstrong E, Pasquini M, Kato K. Dose, Schedule and PK Practices with IV Busulfan-Based Conditioning Regimens in a Non-Inferiority Study: Heterogenous Practices But Low VOD and TRM. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2011.12.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bredeson C, Burkart J, Zhu X, Sun Y, LeRademacher J, Pasquini M, Armstrong E, Rizzo J, Kato K. Chimerism Testing with Reduced Intensity Intravenous Busulfan-Based Conditioning Regimens: Once Is Enough. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2011.12.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Armstrong E, Peñagaricano F, Artigas R, De Soto L, Corbi C, Llambí S, Rincón G, Postiglioni A. Marcadores moleculares asociados al veteado de la carne en bovinos Criollos uruguayos. Arch zootec 2011. [DOI: 10.4321/s0004-05922011000300058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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