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Motamedi-Tehrani J, Peyghan R, Shahriari A, Razijalali M, Ebrahimi E. Combined effects of ammonia-N exposure and salinity changes on hematological and serum biochemical factors and thyroid hormones in Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). Heliyon 2024; 10:e29103. [PMID: 38601621 PMCID: PMC11004645 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the interaction effects of ammonia-N levels and salinity on hematological and serum biochemical parameters in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The fish were randomly divided into 12 treatments including the levels of salinity (0, 4, 8 and 12 ppt) and 0, 50% of LC50-96 h of ammonia-N and 30% of LC50-96 h of ammonia-N in a factorial design (4 salinity levels x 3 ammonia levels). Hemoglobin value in all treatments, except for salinity treatments, namely 2, 3, 4, showed a significant decrease than the control (0 ppt and no poisoning). Also, red blood cells in treatment ammonia-N levels were significantly less than the control. Serum protein concentration, in treatments 9 (50% of LC50-96 h of ammonia-N) and 5 and also with increasing salinity (treatments 2, 3 and 4) had a significant decrease compared to the control. There is a significant increase in serum glucose, cortisol, ammonia and urea levels in 50% and 30% of LC50-96 h of ammonia-N treatments compared to the control, meanwhile these parameters were significantly increased with increasing salinity. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), T3 and T4 levels in acute and sub-acute ammonia-N treatments were significantly lower than the control. Moreover, with increasing salinity in 50% and 30% of LC50-96 h of ammonia-N treatments, TSH showed a decreasing pattern. According to the results, fluctuations in blood biochemical factors, increase of stress and decrease of thyroid hormones show that the salinity, ammonia, and their interaction caused adverse effects on fish health during the 96 h of testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Motamedi-Tehrani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Rahim Peyghan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Shahriari
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Razijalali
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Eisa Ebrahimi
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
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Guo XC, Lu SY, Zhang SN, Xie P, Li GY, Shi ZQ, Zhou YT, Wang YM. Combined inhibitory effects of microcystin-LR and microcystin-RR on growth and development in zebrafish larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 277:109824. [PMID: 38154657 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are the most widespread, frequently found, and seriously toxic cyanobacterial toxins in aquatic environments. Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MCLR) and microcystin-arginine-arginine (MCRR) are the most studied MCs. Normally, their levels are low and they coexist in the environment; however, they may also interact with each other. The developmental toxicity of MCLR in the presence of MCRR in the early life stage of zebrafish (from 2 to 120 h post fertilization) was investigated for the first time in this study. Our findings revealed that MCRR treatment marginally elevated thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) levels, whereas MCLR treatment alone resulted in a significant increase in T3 and T4 levels, indicating a cooperative effect. Furthermore, clear changes in the expression levels of genes involved in growth and development, accompanied by growth inhibition, were observed after co-treatment with MCRR and MCLR. In addition, zebrafish larvae subjected to MCRR and/or MCLR treatment showed increased levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and malondialdehyde, and decreased levels of catalase in the MCRR + MCLR group, indicating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Thus, we investigated the synergistic developmental toxicity of MCRR and MCLR during the early life stages of zebrafish development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chun Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shao-Yong Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Ping Xie
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Guang-Yu Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zu-Qin Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yi-Tong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Yu-Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
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Li YF, Lin YT, Wang YQ, Ni JY, Power DM. Ioxynil and diethylstilbestrol impair cardiac performance and shell growth in the mussel Mytilus coruscus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:166834. [PMID: 37717744 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide ioxynil (IOX) and the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) are environmentally relevant contaminants that act as endocrine disruptors (EDCs) and have recently been shown to be cardiovascular disruptors in vertebrates. Mussels, Mytilus coruscus, were exposed to low doses of IOX (0.37, 0.037 and 0.0037 mg/L) and DES (0.27, 0.027 and 0.0027 mg/L) via the water and the effect monitored by generating whole animal transcriptomes and measuring cardiac performance and shell growth. One day after IOX (0.37 and 0.037 mg/L) and DES (0.27 and 0.027 mg/L) exposure heart rate frequency was decreased in both groups and 0.27 mg/L DES significantly reduced heart rate frequency with increasing time of exposure (P < 0.05) and no acclimatization occurred. The functional effects were coupled to significant differential expression of genes of the serotonergic synapse pathway and cardiac-related genes at 0.027 mg/L DES, which suggests that impaired heart function may be due to interference with neuroendocrine regulation and direct cardiac effect genes. Multiple genes related to detoxifying xenobiotic substances were up regulated and genes related to immune function were down regulated in the DES group (vs. control), indicating that detoxification processes were enhanced, and the immune response was depressed. In contrast, IOX had a minor disrupting effect at a molecular level. Of note was a significant suppression (P < 0.05) by DES of shell growth in juveniles and lower doses (< 0.0027 mg/L) had a more severe effect. The shell growth depression in 0.0027 mg/L DES-treated juveniles was not accompanied by abundant differential gene expression, suggesting that the effect of 0.0027 mg/L DES on shell growth may be direct. The results obtained in the present study reveal for the first time that IOX and DES may act as neuroendocrine disrupters with a broad spectrum of effects on cardiac performance and shell growth, and that DES exposure had a much more pronounced effect than IOX in a marine bivalve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Feng Li
- International Research Centre for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Yue-Tong Lin
- International Research Centre for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Qing Wang
- International Research Centre for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Yue Ni
- International Research Centre for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deborah M Power
- International Research Centre for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
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Haigis AC, Vergauwen L, LaLone CA, Villeneuve DL, O'Brien JM, Knapen D. Cross-species applicability of an adverse outcome pathway network for thyroid hormone system disruption. Toxicol Sci 2023; 195:1-27. [PMID: 37405877 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone system disrupting compounds are considered potential threats for human and environmental health. Multiple adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) for thyroid hormone system disruption (THSD) are being developed in different taxa. Combining these AOPs results in a cross-species AOP network for THSD which may provide an evidence-based foundation for extrapolating THSD data across vertebrate species and bridging the gap between human and environmental health. This review aimed to advance the description of the taxonomic domain of applicability (tDOA) in the network to improve its utility for cross-species extrapolation. We focused on the molecular initiating events (MIEs) and adverse outcomes (AOs) and evaluated both their plausible domain of applicability (taxa they are likely applicable to) and empirical domain of applicability (where evidence for applicability to various taxa exists) in a THSD context. The evaluation showed that all MIEs in the AOP network are applicable to mammals. With some exceptions, there was evidence of structural conservation across vertebrate taxa and especially for fish and amphibians, and to a lesser extent for birds, empirical evidence was found. Current evidence supports the applicability of impaired neurodevelopment, neurosensory development (eg, vision) and reproduction across vertebrate taxa. The results of this tDOA evaluation are summarized in a conceptual AOP network that helps prioritize (parts of) AOPs for a more detailed evaluation. In conclusion, this review advances the tDOA description of an existing THSD AOP network and serves as a catalog summarizing plausible and empirical evidence on which future cross-species AOP development and tDOA assessment could build.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Cathrin Haigis
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Carlie A LaLone
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, USA
| | - Daniel L Villeneuve
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, USA
| | - Jason M O'Brien
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Dries Knapen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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Wang T, Wu S, Chen J, Li L, Cao J. Sesamin alleviated fluoride - induced thyroid endocrine disruption in zebrafish (Danio rerio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023:106625. [PMID: 37407302 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that fluoride could induce the damage of thyroid. However, the effects of sesamin on thyroid endocrine function in zebrafish exposed to fluoride have not been clarified. This study was designed to investigate the alleviating effects of sesamin on thyroid endocrine disruption in zebrafish induced by fluoride. The results showed that sesamin significantly improved growth performance in adults exposed to fluoride; decreased significantly the mortality rate, increased remarkably the hatching rate and body length, and alleviated the phenomenon of spinal curvature, yolk cyst and pericardial cyst to varying degrees in fluoride-exposed embryos and larvae. Sesamin alleviated remarkably the damage of thyroid tissues in fluoride-exposed adults. Moreover, sesamin obviously reduced oxidative stress and improved the imbalance of thyroid hormones in fluoride-exposed adults or larvae. In addition, sesamin reversed the expression of endocrine-related genes of thyroid in fluoride-exposed adults or larvae. This indicates that sesamin can affects the thyroid tissue structure, hormone levels, and the expression of endocrine-related genes of thyroid, thus alleviating the thyroid endocrine disorder induced by fluoride and improving the growth and development. This study also demonstrates that sesamin can be a promising novel treatment for thyroid endocrine disorder caused by fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Jianjie Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
| | - Lijuan Li
- College of Food and Environment, Jinzhong College of Information, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Jinling Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
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Zhao S, Yang X, Liu H, Xi Y, Li J. Potential Disrupting Effects of Wastewater-Derived Disinfection Byproducts on Chinese Rare Minnow ( Gobiocypris rarus) Transthyretin: An In Vitro and In Silico Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:3228-3237. [PMID: 36780642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The available information about whether wastewater-derived disinfection byproducts (DBPs) could elicit potential endocrine-related detrimental effects on aquatic organisms was scarce. Herein, the potential disrupting effects and underlying binding mechanism of 14 wastewater-derived aliphatic and aromatic DBPs and 12 other substances on Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) transthyretin (CrmTTR) were tested and revealed by in vitro and in silico methods. The amino acid sequences of CrmTTR were determined, and the recombinant CrmTTR with a molecular mass of 66.3 kDa was expressed and purified. In vitro assay results indicated that eight selected aromatic DBPs exhibited detectable CrmTTR disrupting ability. Meanwhile, six aliphatic DBPs were not CrmTTR binders. Molecular modeling results implied that hydrophobic hydrogen bonds and/or ionic pair interactions were non-negligible. Four binary classification models with high classification performance were constructed. A significant positive linear relationship was observed for the binding affinity data from CrmTTR and human TTR (n = 18, r = 0.922, p < 0.0001). However, the binding affinity for 13 out of 18 tested compounds with CrmTTR was higher than that with human TTR. All the results highlighted that some wastewater-derived DBPs may be potential disruptors on the aquatic organism endocrine system, and interspecies variation should not be neglected in future determination of the potential endocrine disrupting effects of wastewater-derived DBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songshan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xianhai Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yue Xi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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Gao X, Wang X, Wang X, Fang Y, Cao S, Huang B, Chen H, Xing R, Liu B. Toxicity in Takifugu rubripes exposed to acute ammonia: Effects on immune responses, brain neurotransmitter levels, and thyroid endocrine hormones. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 244:114050. [PMID: 36063614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ammonia can cause convulsions, coma, and death. In this study, we investigate the effects of ammonia exposure on immunoregulatory and neuroendocrine changes in Takifugu rubripes. Fish were sampled at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h following exposure to different ammonia concentrations (0, 5, 50, 100, and 150 mg/L). Our results showed that exposure to ammonia significantly reduced the concentrations of C3, C4, IgM, and LZM whereas the heat shock protein 70 and 90 levels significantly increased. In addition, the transcription levels of Mn-SOD, CAT, GRx, and GR in the liver were significantly upregulated following exposure to low ammonia concertation, however, downregulated with increased exposure time. These findings suggest that ammonia poisoning causes oxidative damage and suppresses plasma immunity. Ammonia exposure also resulted in the elevation and depletion of the T3 and T4 levels, respectively. Furthermore, ammonia stress induced an increase in the corticotrophin-releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol levels, and a decrease in dopamine, noradrenaline, and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels in the brain, illustrating that ammonia poisoning can disrupt the endocrine and neurotransmitter systems. Our results provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the neurotoxic effects of ammonia exposure, which helps to assess the ecological and environmental health risks of this contaminant in marine fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Gao
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Fang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuquan Cao
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Chen
- Yuhai Hongqi Ocean Engineering Co. LTD, Rizhao 276800, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xing
- Yuhai Hongqi Ocean Engineering Co. LTD, Rizhao 276800, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoliang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Li YF, Rodrigues J, Campinho MA. Ioxynil and diethylstilbestrol increase the risks of cardiovascular and thyroid dysfunction in zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156386. [PMID: 35662599 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disruption results from exposure to chemicals that alter the function of the endocrine system in animals. Chronic 60 days of exposure to a low dose (0.1 μM) of ioxynil (IOX) or diethylstilbestrol (DES) via food was used to determine the effects of these chemicals on the physiology of the heart and thyroid follicles in juvenile zebrafish. Immunofluorescence analysis and subsequent 3D morphometric analysis of the zebrafish heart revealed that chronic exposure to IOX induced ventricle deformation and significant volume increase (p < 0.001). DES exposure caused a change in ventricle morphology, but volume was unaffected. Alongside, it was found that DES exposure upregulated endothelial related genes (angptl1b, mhc1lia, mybpc2a, ptgir, notch1b and vwf) involved in vascular homeostasis. Both IOX and DES exposure caused a change in thyroid follicle morphology. Notably, in IOX exposed juveniles, thyroid follicle hypertrophy was observed; and in DES-exposed fish, an enlarged thyroid field was present. In summary, chronic exposure of juvenile zebrafish to IOX and DES affected the heart and the thyroid. Given that both chemicals are able to change the morphology of the thyroid it indicates that they behave as endocrine disruptive chemicals (EDCs). Heart function dynamically changes thyroid morphology, and function and hence it is likely that the observed cardiac effects of IOX and DES are the source of altered thyroid status in these fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Feng Li
- International Research Centre for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Joana Rodrigues
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Marco A Campinho
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of the Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center-Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
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9
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Xu C, Li T, Hu C, Guo H, Ye J, Li L, Liu W, Niu L. Waterborne uranium causes toxic effect and thyroid disruption in zebrafish larvae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111585. [PMID: 33396108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Uranium is a radioactive element that is widely present in aquatic environment. However, limited knowledge is available about the effect of uranium on thyroid system, which plays a key role in the development of animals. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to different environmentally relevant concentrations of uranium (2, 20 and 100 μg/L) for 120 h. The bioaccumulation, developmental toxicities, changes of thyroid hormones (THs) and key genes related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in larvae were analyzed after exposure. Results showed that uranium could bioaccumulate in zebrafish larvae, with the bioconcentration factors ranging from 49.6 to 523. Consequently, significant developmental toxicities and changes in locomotor activities were observed with a concentration-dependent manner. The levels of triiodothyronine (T3) levels in larvae were substantially decreased, whereas those of thyroxine (T4) were increased in fish bodies. The levels of THs were regulated by the negative feedback loops through HPT axis related genes, most of which (NIS, Deio1, Deio2, TRα, TSHβ and UGT1ab) were significantly depressed after exposure to uranium. Our results suggest the potential toxicities and thyroid disruption of uranium on zebrafish, which would provide baseline data set for better understanding the impact of waterborne uranium on aquatic organisms and the associated mechanisms. This study also highlights the key role of thyroid disruption in the ecological risk assessment of uranium pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Tianyang Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Chenjian Hu
- Zhejiang Radiation Environment Monitoring Station, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Hangqin Guo
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jing Ye
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Ling Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 362021, Fujian, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lili Niu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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10
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Chen X, Teng M, Zhang J, Qian L, Duan M, Cheng Y, Zhao F, Zheng J, Wang C. Tralopyril induces developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryo (Danio rerio) by disrupting the thyroid system and metabolism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:141860. [PMID: 33027873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tralopyril, an antifouling biocide, widely used in antifouling systems to prevent underwater equipment from biological contamination, which can pose a potential risk to aquatic organisms and human health. However, there is little information available on the toxicity of tralopyril to aquatic organisms. Herein, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were used to investigate the toxicity mechanisms of tralopyril and a series of developmental indicators, thyroid hormones, gene expression and metabolomics were measured. Results showed that tralopyril significantly decreased the heart-beat and body length of zebrafish embryos-larvae exposed to 4.20 μg/L or higher concentrations of tralopyril and also induced developmental defects including pericardial hemorrhage, spine deformation, pericardial edema, tail malformation and uninflated gas bladder. Tralopyril decreased the thyroid hormone concentrations in embryos and changed the transcriptions of the related genes (TRHR, TSHβ, TSHR, Nkx2.1, Dio1, TRα, TRβ, TTR and UGT1ab). Additionally, metabolomics analysis showed that tralopyril affected the metabolism of amino acids, energy and lipids, which was associated with regulation of thyroid system. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that alterations of endogenous metabolites induced the thyroid endocrine disruption in zebrafish following the tralopyril treatment. Therefore, the results showed that tralopyril can induce adverse developmental effects on zebrafish embryos by disrupting the thyroid system and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangguang Chen
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Miaomiao Teng
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Le Qian
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Manman Duan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junyue Zheng
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chengju Wang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Yao F, Wu J, Ru H, Li Y, Wu L, Ni Z, Chen D, Zhong L. Thyroid disruption and developmental toxicity caused by Cd 2+ in Schizopygopsis younghusbandi larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 235:108783. [PMID: 32344129 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the adverse effects of cadmium (Cd2+) on aquatic systems have attracted much attention because Cd2+ can induce endocrine disorders and toxicity in aquatic organisms at low levels. However, its effects on the thyroid system in native fish in Lhasa are still unclear. In the present study, Schizopygopsis younghusbandi larvae were exposed to Cd2+ (0.25, 2.5, 25 or 250 μg/L) for 7 or 14 days to determine its toxic effects on thyroid function. The results showed that whole-body total T4 and T3 levels were significantly decreased, which was accompanied by the significant upregulation of the expression of the dio1 and dio2 genes after exposure to Cd2+ for 7 or 14 days. Genes related to thyroid hormone synthesis (crh and tshβ) were upregulated after both 7 and 14 days of Cd2+ exposure, possibly due to the negative feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis caused by a decrease in thyroid hormone. In addition, survival rates and body lengths were reduced after treatment with Cd2+. This suggests that Cd2+ caused developmental toxicity in Schizopygopsis younghusbandi larvae. An integrated assessment of biomarker response (IBR) showed that there were dose-dependent and time-dependent effects of Cd2+ exposure on Schizopygopsis younghusbandi larvae. Schizopygopsis younghusbandi larvae were sensitive to Cd2+, which caused adverse effects at a concentration as low as 2.5 μg/L. In summary, the results indicated that Cd2+ causes thyroid disruption and developmental toxicity in Schizopygopsis younghusbandi larvae and that wild Schizopygopsis younghusbandi larvae living in the Lhasa River are at potential ecological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yao
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinping Wu
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Huijun Ru
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Luyin Wu
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Zhaohui Ni
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Daqing Chen
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China.
| | - Liqiao Zhong
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China.
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12
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Yang L, Zha J, Guo Y, Zhou B. Evaluation and mechanistic study of chlordecone-induced thyroid disruption: Based on in vivo, in vitro and in silico assays. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:136987. [PMID: 32044482 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the thyroid-disrupting potency of chlordecone, and reveal the underlying mechanism. In the in vivo assays, rare minnow embryos were exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 μg·L-1 chlordecone until sexually mature. The results showed decreased T4 but increased T3 concentrations in plasma, upregulated mRNA levels of thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor (trhr) and sodium-iodide symporter (nis) in the brain, and transthyretin (ttr), thyroid hormone receptor α (trα) and deiodinase enzymes (dio1 and dio2) in the liver of adult fish. In the in vitro assays, single chlordecone treatments promoted growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) secretion in GH3 cells. Transcription of thyroid receptor (trβ) was inhibited, but this is not likely responsible for chlordecone-induced GH secretion and altered transcription. When co-treated with T3, chlordecone acted independently of the effect of T3 on GH secretion; chlordecone-induced GH/PRL secretion and mRNA expression were further promoted when co-treated with E2, but inhibited when co-treated with ICI, indicating an important role for estrogen receptors (ERs) in chlordecone-induced changes in GH3 cells. Furthermore, in silico prediction suggested no stable interactions between chlordecone and thyroid hormone-related proteins, as well as a regulatory role for ERs in thyroid systems. Overall, our results indicated that chlordecone may have adverse effects on thyroid systems upon long-term exposure. However, rather of TRs, ERs may be responsible for thyroid disruption following chlordecone exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jinmiao Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Yongyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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Gao XQ, Fei F, Huo HH, Huang B, Meng XS, Zhang T, Liu WB, Liu BL. Exposure to nitrite alters thyroid hormone levels and morphology in Takifugu rubripes. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 225:108578. [PMID: 31374293 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite (NO2-) can act as a toxic nitrogenous compound with the potential to disrupt endocrine systems in fish. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of nitrite on the thyroid endocrine system of Takifugu rubripes. Fish were exposed to 0, 0.5, 1, 3, and 6 mM nitrite concentrations. Blood was collected to assay the concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and 3,3,5'-triiodothyronine (rT3), as well as the activity of iodothyronine deiodinases (Dio1, Dio2, and Dio3,) after 0, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h of exposure to nitrite. The first branchial arch to the third branchial arch of T. rubripes were sampled and fixed, and thyroid morphology was observed. The results showed that exposure to nitrite significantly increased the concentrations of TSH, T3, FT3, and reduced the concentrations of T4, FT4, and rT3. The activity of Dio1 and Dio2 increased significantly, whereas Dio3 activity decreased significantly. Additionally, thyroid follicles degenerated and became blurred and most colloid material disappeared 96 h after exposure to high nitrite concentrations. Based on these results, high nitrite concentration exposure can disturb thyroid hormone homeostasis, alter thyroid follicle morphology, and result in thyroid endocrine toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiang Gao
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Fei
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China; Aquacultural Engineering R&D Team, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Huan Huo
- College of Animal Science and Technology,Jiangxi Agricultural University, NanChang 330045,People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Song Meng
- Dalian Tianzheng Industrial Co. Ltd., Dalian 116000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Aquatic products bureau of Leting county, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Bin Liu
- Dalian Tianzheng Industrial Co. Ltd., Dalian 116000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Liang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071,China.
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14
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Xu C, Niu L, Guo H, Sun X, Chen L, Tu W, Dai Q, Ye J, Liu W, Liu J. Long-term exposure to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) naproxen causes thyroid disruption in zebrafish at environmentally relevant concentrations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 676:387-395. [PMID: 31048169 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The presence of trace levels of pharmaceuticals is an emerging issue impacting the aquatic ecosystem. Naproxen (NPX) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that has been frequently detected in aquatic environments worldwide. Recently, concerns regarding endocrine disruption by NSAIDs have increased; however, their effects on the thyroid system have yet to be understood. In this study, zebrafish were utilized to evaluate the thyroid-disrupting effects of NPX. After a 60-day exposure to various concentrations of NPX (0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μg/L), the body length and weight of the zebrafish were significantly decreased. The decrease of cytochrome P450 gene expression and enzyme activity might inhibit the metabolism of NPX, which might result in the significant bioconcentration in zebrafish. Thyroid hormone (TH) analysis showed that both triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels were substantially decreased. Gene transcription expressions along the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis were also markedly affected. Significant downregulation of dio1, dio2, nis, nkx2.1, pax8, tg, tpo, trβ and ttr levels, along with the stimulation of the tshβ gene, were also observed in exposed fish compared to controls. Western blot analysis indicated that expression of the TTR protein was significantly decreased, which coincides with the results of the gene expression analysis. Collectively, our observations show that NPX increases the risk of bioconcentration and thyroid disruption in zebrafish. Given the continued increasing consumption and emission of pharmaceuticals, thyroid disruption should be considered when assessing the aquatic risk of long-term exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Lili Niu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hangqin Guo
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- Zhejiang Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Lihui Chen
- Hydrology Bureau of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Wenqing Tu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Qizhou Dai
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jing Ye
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Zhejiang Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou 310012, China; College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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15
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Li YF, Canário AVM, Power DM, Campinho MA. Ioxynil and diethylstilbestrol disrupt vascular and heart development in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 124:511-520. [PMID: 30685453 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocrine disruption is one of the consequences of industrialization and chemicals released into the environment have a profound impact on organisms. Waterborne micromolar concentrations of ioxynil (IOX) and diethylstilbestrol (DES) in fish affect the development of the heart, vasculature and thyroid gland. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to determine how IOX and DES disrupt the crosstalk between the developing thyroid gland and cardio-vascular system in zebrafish. METHODS Twelve hours post fertilization (hpf) wild type, Tg(fli1:GFP) or Tg(cmalc2:GFPCaaX) zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0.1 μM IOX or DES for 36 h (up until 48 hpf) or 60 h (up until 72 hpf). Embryos were used for vascular endothelial cell sorting, whole-mount immunohistochemistry, tissue selective transcriptomics, selected gene expression analysis by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis and determination of heart rate by live imaging. RESULTS Exposure of zebrafish embryos to IOX and DES (0.1 μM) increased heart beat frequency and reduced ventricle volume and aorta diameter. The transcriptome of endothelial cells from blood vessels of hypertrophic, dilated and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy was significantly changed and compound-specific toxic effects were found in IOX and DES exposed embryos. Both DES and IOX directly affected vascular and heart development and this indirectly impaired thyroid gland development in zebrafish. Even though the toxicity end-point of the two chemicals was similar, their action seemed to be via different gene regulatory pathways and physiological mechanisms. CONCLUSION IOX and DES directly disrupt cardiovascular development and there is an associated disruption of thyroid tissue that most likely has long term consequences for this endocrine axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Feng Li
- International Research Centre for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Adelino V M Canário
- International Research Centre for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Deborah M Power
- International Research Centre for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Marco A Campinho
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
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Zhang J, Grundström C, Brännström K, Iakovleva I, Lindberg M, Olofsson A, Andersson PL, Sauer-Eriksson AE. Interspecies Variation between Fish and Human Transthyretins in Their Binding of Thyroid-Disrupting Chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:11865-11874. [PMID: 30226982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid-disrupting chemicals (TDCs) are xenobiotics that can interfere with the endocrine system and cause adverse effects in organisms and their offspring. TDCs affect both the thyroid gland and regulatory enzymes associated with thyroid hormone homeostasis. Transthyretin (TTR) is found in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of vertebrates, where it transports thyroid hormones. Here, we explored the interspecies variation in TDC binding to human and fish TTR (exemplified by Gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata)). The in vitro binding experiments showed that TDCs bind with equal or weaker affinity to seabream TTR than to the human TTR, in particular, the polar TDCs (>500-fold lower affinity). Crystal structures of the seabream TTR-TDC complexes revealed that all TDCs bound at the thyroid binding sites. However, amino acid substitution of Ser117 in human TTR to Thr117 in seabream prevented polar TDCs from binding deep in the hormone binding cavity, which explains their low affinity to seabream TTR. Molecular dynamics and in silico alanine scanning simulation also suggested that the protein backbone of seabream TTR is more rigid than the human one and that Thr117 provides fewer electrostatic contributions than Ser117 to ligand binding. This provides an explanation for the weaker affinities of the ligands that rely on electrostatic interactions with Thr117. The lower affinities of TDCs to fish TTR, in particular the polar ones, could potentially lead to milder thyroid-related effects in fish.
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17
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Li ZM, Hernandez-Moreno D, Main KM, Skakkebæk NE, Kiviranta H, Toppari J, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Shen H, Schramm KW, De Angelis M. Association of In Utero Persistent Organic Pollutant Exposure With Placental Thyroid Hormones. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3473-3481. [PMID: 30059991 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In utero exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) can result in thyroid function disorder, leading to concerns about their impact on fetal and neonatal development. The associations between placental levels of various POPs and thyroid hormones (THs) were investigated. In a prospective Danish study initially established for assessing congenital cryptorchidism, 58 placenta samples were collected from mothers of boys born with (n = 28) and without (n = 30) cryptorchidism. The concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs), organotin chemicals (OTCs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), T4, T3, and rT3 were measured. The associations between placental THs and various POPs were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Five PBDEs, 35 PCBs, 14 PCDD/Fs, 3 OTCs, 25 OCPs, T4, T3, and rT3 were measured. No correlation between THs and the odds of cryptorchidism was found. Several POPs were significantly associated with THs: (1) T4 was inversely associated with BDEs 99, 100, ΣPBDE, and 2378-TeCDD, and positively associated with 1234678-HpCDF; (2) T3 was positively associated with 2378-TeCDF and 12378-PeCDF; and (3) rT3 was positively associated with PCB 81, 12378-PeCDF, and 234678-HxCDF, and inversely associated with tributyltin, ΣOTC, and methoxychlor. These results revealed that POP exposures were associated with TH levels in placenta, which may be a possible mechanism for the impacts of POP exposures on children's growth and development. This study provides new insight into the complexity of thyroid-disrupting properties of POPs. More research is needed to elucidate the biological consequences of POP exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Min Li
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Molecular EXposomics, Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan (Nutrition), Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - David Hernandez-Moreno
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Molecular EXposomics, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Maria Main
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Erik Skakkebæk
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hannu Kiviranta
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health Security, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen
- Department of Medical Endocrinology PE, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heqing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Karl-Werner Schramm
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Molecular EXposomics, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department für Biowissenschaftliche Grundlagen, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Meri De Angelis
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Molecular EXposomics, Neuherberg, Germany
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Oliveira KO, Silva AR, da Silva BF, Milagre HM, Milagre CD. Insights into the microbial degradation pathways of the ioxynil octanoate herbicide. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ermilova I, Stenberg S, Lyubartsev AP. Quantum chemical and molecular dynamics modelling of hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:28263-28274. [PMID: 29028067 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03471g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of 19 hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) have been studied using density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics simulations with the purpose of investigating eventual correlations between their physicochemical properties and toxic action. Dissociation constants (pKa), solvation free energies and octanol-water partition coefficients (log P) have been computed. Additionally, metadynamics simulations of OH-PBDEs passing through a lipid bilayer have been carried out for four OH-PBDE species. No correlations between computed pKa values and toxicity data have been found. Medium correlations were found between partition coefficients and the ability of OH-PBDEs to alter membrane potential in cell cultures, which is attributed to higher uptake of molecules with larger log P parameters. It was also demonstrated that in lipid bilayers, OH-PBDE molecules differ in their orientational distributions and can adopt different conformations which can affect the uptake of these molecules and influence the pathways of their toxic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Ermilova
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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20
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Reinling J, Houde M, Verreault J. Environmental exposure to a major urban wastewater effluent: Effects on the energy metabolism of northern pike. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 191:131-140. [PMID: 28837883 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Municipal wastewater effluents (MWWEs) consist of dynamic and complex mixtures of chemical and biological compounds that can alter the health of exposed aquatic organisms. Disturbance of energy metabolism has been reported in fish exposed to MWWEs. However, there is a scarcity of knowledge on the physiological events leading to perturbation of energy balance and thyroid regulation, and associated lipid metabolism. The objective of the present study was to use a set of biomarkers, from gene transcription to body condition, to investigate the effects of a chronic environmental exposure to a major primary MWWE on fatty acid metabolism and thyroid hormone levels in northern pike (Esox lucius) collected from the St. Lawrence River near Montreal (QC, Canada). The exposure of pike to MWWE was examined through determination of a suite of persistent and bioaccumulative halogenated flame retardants in liver as this effluent is a known regional source for these chemicals. Greater hepatic concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs, range: 29.6-465ng/g w.w. and 88.8-823ng/g w.w. in females and males, respectively) and other halogenated flame retardants (e.g., dechlorane-related compounds) were determined in fish collected downstream of the MWWE's point of discharge relative to the upstream site. This exposure in male pike was associated with decreased acyl-coA oxidase (acox1) and fatty acid synthase (fasn) mRNA levels as well as a decreased acyl-coA oxidase (ACOX) activity in liver. In female pike, MWWE exposure was associated with lower circulating free and total triiodothyronine (T3) levels and a tendency for greater total lipid percentages in liver. Present findings provide evidence that chronic exposure of a top predator fish to MWWE can be related to gender-specific effects on fatty acid metabolism and thyroid hormone homeostasis, and highlight the need for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Reinling
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Magali Houde
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada.
| | - Jonathan Verreault
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
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Petersen K, Hultman MT, Bytingsvik J, Harju M, Evenset A, Tollefsen KE. Characterizing cytotoxic and estrogenic activity of Arctic char tissue extracts in primary Arctic char hepatocytes. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:1017-1030. [PMID: 28862540 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1357277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants from various anthropogenic activities are detected in the Arctic due to long-range atmospheric transport, ocean currents, and living organisms such as migrating fish or seabirds. Although levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Arctic fish are generally low, local hot spots of contamination were found in freshwater systems such as Lake Ellasjøen at Bjørnøya (Bear Island, Norway). Higher concentrations of organic halogenated compounds (OHC), and higher levels of cytochrome P450 and DNA-double strand breaks were reported in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from this lake compared to fish from other lakes on Bjørnøya. Although several of the measured contaminants are potential endocrine disrupters, few studies have investigated potential endocrine disruptive effects of the contaminant cocktail in this fish population. The aim of this study was to compare acutely toxic and estrogenic potency of the cocktail of pollutants as evidenced by cytotoxic and/or estrogenic effects in vitro using extracts of Arctic char livers from contaminated Lake Ellasjøen with those from less contaminated Lake Laksvatn at Bjørnøya. This was performed by in situ sampling and contaminant extraction from liver tissue, followed by chemical analysis and in vitro testing of the following contaminated tissue extracts: F1-nonpolar OHC, F2-polar pesticides and metabolites of OHC, and F3-polar OHC. Contaminant levels were highest in extracts from Ellasjøen fish. The F2 and F3 extracts from Lake Laksvatn and Lake Ellasjøen fish reduced in vitro cell viability at a concentration ratio of 0.03-1 relative to tissue concentration in Arctic char. Only the F3 liver extract from Ellasjøen fish increased in vitro vitellogenin protein expression. Although compounds such as estrogenic OH-PCBs were quantified in Ellasjøen F3 extracts, it remains to be determined which compounds were inducing estrogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Petersen
- a Section of Ecotoxicology , Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) , Oslo , Norway
| | - Maria T Hultman
- a Section of Ecotoxicology , Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) , Oslo , Norway
| | - Jenny Bytingsvik
- c Department of Arctic R&D , Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre , Tromsø , Norway
| | - Mikael Harju
- b Environmental Chemistry Department , Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) , Tromsø , Norway
| | - Anita Evenset
- c Department of Arctic R&D , Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre , Tromsø , Norway
- d Department of Arctic and Marine Biology , UiT the Arctic University of Norway , Tromsø , Norway
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- a Section of Ecotoxicology , Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) , Oslo , Norway
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22
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Fu D, Leef M, Nowak B, Bridle A. Thyroid hormone related gene transcription in southern sand flathead (Platycephalus bassensis) is associated with environmental mercury and arsenic exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 26:600-612. [PMID: 28353161 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1793-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) are ubiquitous elements known to disrupt thyroid function in vertebrates. To explore the underlying mechanisms of Hg and As on the fish thyroid system, we investigated the associations between muscle concentrations of Hg and As with thyroid-related gene transcription in flathead (Platycephalus bassensis) from a contaminated estuary. We sampled fish at several sites to determine the hepatic expression of genes including deiodinases (D1 and D2), transthyretin (TTR), thyroid hormone receptors (TRα and TRβ) and related them to Hg and As levels in the same individuals. Negative correlations were observed between Hg levels and D2, TTR, TRα and TRβ, whereas positive associations were found between As concentrations and TTR and TRβ. These results suggest that Hg and As exposures from environmental pollution affect the regulation of genes important for normal thyroid function in fish. These thyroid-related genes could be used as biomarkers for monitoring environmental thyroid-hormone disrupting chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingkun Fu
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1370, Launceston, TAS, 7250, Australia.
| | - Melanie Leef
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1370, Launceston, TAS, 7250, Australia
| | - Barbara Nowak
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1370, Launceston, TAS, 7250, Australia
| | - Andrew Bridle
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1370, Launceston, TAS, 7250, Australia
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23
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Chen R, Yuan L, Zha J, Wang Z. Developmental toxicity and thyroid hormone-disrupting effects of 2,4-dichloro-6-nitrophenol in Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 185:40-47. [PMID: 28187359 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, to evaluate embryonic toxicity and the thyroid-disrupting effects of 2,4-dichloro-6-nitrophenol (DCNP), embryos and adults of Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) were exposed to 2, 20, and 200μg/L DCNP. In the embryo-larval assay, increased percentages of mortality and occurrence of malformations, decreased percentage of hatching, and decreased body length and body weight were observed after DCNP treatment. Moreover, the whole-body T3 levels were significantly increased at 20 and 200μg/L treatments, whereas the T4 levels were markedly decreased significantly (p<0.05) for all DCNP concentrations. In the adult fish assay, plasma T3 levels were significantly increased whereas plasma T4 levels were significantly reduced in the fish treated with 20 and 200μg/L (p<0.05). In addition, DCNP exposure significantly changed the transcription levels of thyroid system related genes, including dio1, dio2, me, nis, tr, and ttr. The increased responsiveness of thyroid hormone and mRNA expression levels of thyroid system related genes suggested that DCNP could disrupt the thyroid hormone synthesis and transport pathways. Therefore, our findings provide new insights of DCNP as a thyroid hormone-disrupting chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Lilai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Jinmiao Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, PR China.
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, PR China
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24
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Arkoosh MR, Van Gaest AL, Strickland SA, Hutchinson GP, Krupkin AB, Dietrich JP. Alteration of thyroid hormone concentrations in juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) exposed to polybrominated diphenyl ethers, BDE-47 and BDE-99. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 171:1-8. [PMID: 28006665 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been used as flame-retardants in consumer products and are currently detected in salmon globally. The two most predominant PBDE congeners found in salmon are BDE-47 (2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether) and BDE-99 (2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether). In the present study, groups of juvenile Pacific Chinook salmon were fed five environmentally relevant concentrations of either BDE-47 (0.3-552 ng total PBDEs/g food), BDE-99 (0.3-580 ng total PBDEs/g food), or nearly equal mixtures of both congeners (0.7-690 ng total PBDEs/g food) for 39-40 days. The concentrations of circulating total thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), were measured using a hormone-specific time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay to determine if PBDE exposure disrupts the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid endocrine axis. The concentrations of both circulating T4 and T3 were altered in juvenile salmon by dietary uptake of BDE-99. Exposure to BDE-47 did not alter either T3 or T4 circulating hormone concentrations. However, exposure to a mixture of BDE-47 and BDE-99 reduced T3 in fish with lower concentrations of total whole body PBDEs than with either congener alone at equivalent PBDE whole body concentrations. Accordingly, the disruption of PBDEs on circulating thyroid hormone concentrations has the potential to impact a number of critical functions in juvenile salmon including growth, parr-smolt transformation, and immunological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary R Arkoosh
- Environmental & Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2032 South East OSU Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA.
| | - Ahna L Van Gaest
- Frank Orth & Associates, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2032 South East OSU Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA
| | - Stacy A Strickland
- Frank Orth & Associates, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2032 South East OSU Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA
| | - Greg P Hutchinson
- Frank Orth & Associates, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2032 South East OSU Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA
| | - Alex B Krupkin
- Frank Orth & Associates, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2032 South East OSU Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA
| | - Joseph P Dietrich
- Environmental & Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2032 South East OSU Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA
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Pan L, Sun J, Wu X, Wei Z, Zhu L. Transformation of hydroxylated and methoxylated 2,2',4,4',5-brominated diphenyl ether (BDE-99) in plants. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 49:197-202. [PMID: 28007175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and fate of hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) and methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) have received significant attention. However, there is limited information on the metabolism relationship between OH-pentaBDEs and MeO-pentaBDEs that were frequently detected with relatively high concentrations in the environment. In this study, the biotransformation between OH-BDE-99 and MeO-BDE-99 was investigated in rice, wheat, and soybean plants. All the three plants can metabolize OH-BDE-99 to corresponding homologous methoxylated metabolites, while the transformation from MeO-BDE-99 to OH-BDE-99 could only be found in soybean. The conversion of parent compounds was the highest in soybean, followed by wheat and rice. Transformation products were found mainly in the roots, with few metabolites being translocated to the shoots and solution after exposure. The results of this study provide valuable information for a better understanding of the accumulation and transformation of OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs in different plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Pan
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jianteng Sun
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Analysis and Measurement Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zi Wei
- Analysis and Measurement Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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26
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Yang X, Liu H, Liu J, Li F, Li X, Shi L, Chen J. Rational Selection of the 3D Structure of Biomacromolecules for Molecular Docking Studies on the Mechanism of Endocrine Disruptor Action. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:1565-70. [PMID: 27556396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular modeling has become an essential tool in predicting and simulating endocrine disrupting effects of chemicals. A key prerequisite for successful application of molecular modeling lies in the correctness of 3D structure for biomacromolecules to be simulated. To date, there are several databases that can provide the experimentally-determined 3D structures. However, commonly, there are many challenges or disadvantageous factors, e.g., (a) lots of 3D structures for a given biomacromolecular target in the protein database; (b) the quality variability for those structures; (c) belonging to different species; (d) mutant amino acid residue in key positions, and so on. Once an inappropriate 3D structure of a target biomacromolecule was selected in molecular modeling, the accuracy and scientific nature of the modeling results could be inevitably affected. In this article, based on literature survey and an analysis of the 3D structure characterization of biomacromolecular targets belonging to the endocrine system in protein databases, six principles were proposed to guide the selection of the appropriate 3D structure of biomacromolecules. The principles include considering the species diversity, the mechanism of action, whether there are mutant amino acid residues, whether the number of protein chains is correct, the degree of structural similarity between the ligand in 3D structure and the target compounds, and other factors, e.g., the experimental pH conditions of the structure determined process and resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhai Yang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science , Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jining Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science , Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Fei Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xuehua Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lili Shi
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science , Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
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27
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Cao C, Wang Q, Jiao F, Zhu G. Impact of co-exposure with butachlor and triadimefon on thyroid endocrine system in larval zebrafish. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:463-9. [PMID: 27480594 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Butachlor (BTL) and triadimefon (TDF), the widely used herbicide and fungicide, are unavoidable enter into the aquatic environment. However, there were limited study regarding to the joint toxicity of these two pesticides on fish at present. AIM To evaluate the potential thyroid-disrupting toxicity and exposed to different concentrations of BTL mixed with TDF. MATERIALS AND METHODS Zebrafish embryo (n=3) were exposed to 0.01 and 0.05 fold of LC50 from the acute joint toxicity test, of which 0.32mg/L (BTL) and 9.41mg/L (TDF) for single or mixture agents (BTL: 0.0064mg/L, 0.032mg/L; TDF: 0.1882mg/L, 0.9410mg/L; co-exposure: 0.0032mg/L BTL+0.0941mg/L TDF, 0.016mg/l BTL+0.4705mg/L TDF) after 10-day post-fertilization. Hatching, malformation, survival rates and thyroid hormones (THs), genes expression involved in HPT-axis of embryos were measured and detected in control and separately/co-exposure treatments. THs contents were evaluated by ELISA kit and the expression levels of genes were determined by RT-PCR. RESULTS Hatching, malformation and survival rates of embryos exposed to single BTL exhibited no statistically significant difference from the control besides decreased of high concentration in survival rates. Exposure to TDF reduced hatching, survival rate and increased malformation. The combined exposure to BTL and TDF resulted in greater adverse effects on embryonic development. BTL exposure significantly increased free T3 and T4 contents. Elevated free T3 content was also observed in the larvae exposed with single BTL. Co-exposure of the two pesticides caused greater enhanced of T3 and T4 levels. Furthermore, gene data showed BTL up-regulated the mRNA expression of tpo, tshβ, tg, ttr, dio2, TDF up-regulated the mRNA expression of tpo, trα, ttr, dio2 and down-regulated trβ gene. The mixture of the two pesticides caused up-regulation mRNA expression of trα, trβ, tg, ttr, dio2. CONCLUSION BTL and TDF resulted in adverse effects on zebrafish embryonic development and caused thyroid endocrine disruption, BTL and TDF have a synergistic effect on development and thyroid endocrine by enhanced level of thyroid hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyan Cao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Qiangwei Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Fang Jiao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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28
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Liang X, Yu L, Gui W, Zhu G. Exposure to difenoconazole causes changes of thyroid hormone and gene expression levels in zebrafish larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 40:983-7. [PMID: 26590868 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Difenoconazole was believed to induce a large suite of symptoms during zebrafish development, but little is known about the negative invisible effect known as endocrine disruption. In this study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to various concentrations of difenoconazole from fertilization to 120 h post-fertilization (hpf), and the whole body content of thyroid hormone and gene transcription in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis were investigated. Results showed thyroxine (T4) levels were significantly decreased, while triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were not changed. Moreover, the mRNA transcription of corticotrophin-releasing hormone (crh), thyroid-stimulating hormone (tshβ), transthyretin (ttr), thyronine deiodinase (dio1 and dio2), uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (ugt1ab) in the HPT axis were significantly up-regulated, but the transcriptions of thyroglobulin (tg), sodium/iodide symporter (nis) and thyroid hormone receptors trβ were not changed. The overall results showed that exposure to difenoconazole could alter thyroid hormone levels and gene transcription in zebrafish larvae, indicating thyroid endocrine disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Liang Yu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Key Lab of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fishery Resource of Zhejiang Province, Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang, Zhoushan 316021, PR China.
| | - Wenjun Gui
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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Study of Cytotoxic Effects of Benzonitrile Pesticides. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:381264. [PMID: 26339609 PMCID: PMC4538370 DOI: 10.1155/2015/381264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The benzonitrile herbicides bromoxynil, chloroxynil, dichlobenil, and ioxynil have been used actively worldwide to control weeds in agriculture since 1970s. Even though dichlobenil is prohibited in EU since 2008, studies addressing the fate of benzonitrile herbicides in the environment show that some metabolites of these herbicides are very persistent. We tested the cytotoxic effects of benzonitrile herbicides and their microbial metabolites using two human cell lines, Hep G2 and HEK293T, representing liver and kidneys as potential target organs in humans. The cell viability and proliferation were determined by MTT test and RTCA DP Analyzer system, respectively. The latter allows real-time monitoring of the effect of added substances. As the cytotoxic compounds could compromise cell membrane integrity, the lactate dehydrogenase test was performed as well. We observed high toxic effects of bromoxynil, chloroxynil, and ioxynil on both tested cell lines. In contrast, we determined only low inhibition of cell growth in presence of dichlobenil and microbial metabolites originating from the tested herbicides.
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30
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Yu L, Han Z, Liu C. A review on the effects of PBDEs on thyroid and reproduction systems in fish. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 219:64-73. [PMID: 25585150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this review was to summarize and discuss the effects of Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) on thyroid and reproduction systems in fish. We reviewed the evidences and mechanisms for PBDEs-induced thyroid and reproduction disruption, as well as the cross-talk between the two systems in fish. In thyroid disruption, we mainly paid attention to the effects of PBDEs on hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, thyroid hormones (THs) transport and metabolism, thyroid receptors (TRs) and thyroid follicle histology. In reproduction disruption, we focused on the effects of PBDEs on steroid hormone production, expression of genes involved in steroidogenesis, and gonadal development. Despite that there is an interaction between thyroid and reproductive systems in fish, it is still remains unclear that PBDE-induced reproductive impairments are caused by direct effects on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) functioning or by indirect action through cross-talk between the two systems. Future studies are needed to explore the relationships between reproductive toxicity and thyroid system disruption after PBDEs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Yu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Zhihua Han
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEP, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China.
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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31
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Suzuki S, Kasai K, Yamauchi K. Characterization of little skate (Leucoraja erinacea) recombinant transthyretin: Zinc-dependent 3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine binding. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 217-218:43-53. [PMID: 25863347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) diverged from an ancestral 5-hydroxyisourate hydrolase (HIUHase) by gene duplication at some early stage of chordate evolution. To clarify how TTR had participated in the thyroid system as an extracellular thyroid hormone (TH) binding protein, TH binding properties of recombinant little skate Leucoraja erinacea TTR was investigated. At the amino acid level, skate TTR showed 37-46% identities with the other vertebrate TTRs. Because the skate TTR had a unique histidine-rich segment in the N-terminal region, it could be purified by Ni-affinity chromatography. The skate TTR was a 46-kDa homotetramer of 14.5kDa subunits, and had one order of magnitude higher affinity for 3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3) and some halogenated phenols than for l-thyroxine. However, the skate TTR had no HIUHase activity. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) treatment inhibited [(125)I]T3 binding activity whereas the addition of Zn(2+) to the EDTA-treated TTR recovered [(125)I]T3 binding activity in a Zn(2+) concentration-dependent manner. Scatchard analysis revealed the presence of two classes of binding site for T3, with dissociation constants of 0.24 and 17nM. However, the high-affinity sites were completely abolished with 1mM EDTA, whereas the remaining low-affinity sites decreased binding capacity. The number of zinc per TTR was quantified to be 4.5-6.3. Our results suggest that skate TTR has tight Zn(2+)-binding sites, which are essential for T3 binding to at least the high-affinity sites. Zn(2+) binding to the N-terminal histidine-rich segment may play an important role in acquisition or reinforcement of TH binding ability during early evolution of TTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Suzuki
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Kasai
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Yamauchi
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Green Biology Research Division, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
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32
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Weiss JM, Andersson PL, Zhang J, Simon E, Leonards PEG, Hamers T, Lamoree MH. Tracing thyroid hormone-disrupting compounds: database compilation and structure-activity evaluation for an effect-directed analysis of sediment. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:5625-34. [PMID: 25986900 PMCID: PMC4498237 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8736-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A variety of anthropogenic compounds has been found to be capable of disrupting the endocrine systems of organisms, in laboratory studies as well as in wildlife. The most widely described endpoint is estrogenicity, but other hormonal disturbances, e.g., thyroid hormone disruption, are gaining more and more attention. Here, we present a review and chemical characterization, using principal component analysis, of organic compounds that have been tested for their capacity to bind competitively to the thyroid hormone transport protein transthyretin (TTR). The database contains 250 individual compounds and technical mixtures, of which 144 compounds are defined as TTR binders. Almost one third of these compounds (n = 52) were even more potent than the natural hormone thyroxine (T4). The database was used as a tool to assist in the identification of thyroid hormone-disrupting compounds (THDCs) in an effect-directed analysis (EDA) study of a sediment sample. Two compounds could be confirmed to contribute to the detected TTR-binding potency in the sediment sample, i.e., triclosan and nonylphenol technical mixture. They constituted less than 1 % of the TTR-binding potency of the unfractionated extract. The low rate of explained activity may be attributed to the challenges related to identification of unknown contaminants in combination with the limited knowledge about THDCs in general. This study demonstrates the need for databases containing compound-specific toxicological properties. In the framework of EDA, such a database could be used to assist in the identification and confirmation of causative compounds focusing on thyroid hormone disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana M Weiss
- Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
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Eisenreich KM, Rowe CL. Dietary exposure of BDE-47 and BDE-99 and effects on behavior, bioenergetics, and thyroid function in juvenile red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) and common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:2810-2817. [PMID: 25210006 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) and snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) were fed food dosed with brominated diphenyl ether-47 (BDE-47) or BDE-99 for 6 mo beginning approximately 9 mo posthatch. During the exposure period, measurements of growth, bioenergetics, and behavior were made; thyroid function and accumulation were quantified postexposure. Whole-body concentrations of both congeners were lower in red-eared sliders compared with snapping turtles after 6 mo of exposure. Snapping turtles receiving BDE-47 had significantly elevated standard metabolic rates after 3 mo and 4 mo of exposure (p = 0.014 and p = 0.019, respectively). When exposed to BDE-99, red-eared sliders were slower to right themselves after having been inverted (p < 0.0001). Total glandular thyroxine concentrations were significantly reduced in red-eared sliders exposed to BDE-47 (mean control, 8080 ng/g; mean BDE-47, 5126 ng/g; p = 0.034). These results demonstrate that dietary exposure to BDE-47 and BDE-99 can elicit a suite of responses in 2 species of turtles, but that the red-eared slider appears to be a more sensitive species to the measured end points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Eisenreich
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Center for Environmental Science, University of Maryland, Solomons, Maryland, USA
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Zhang X, Tian H, Wang W, Ru S. Monocrotophos pesticide decreases the plasma levels of total 3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine and alters the expression of genes associated with the thyroidal axis in female goldfish (Carassius auratus). PLoS One 2014; 9:e108972. [PMID: 25268935 PMCID: PMC4182569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Our recent study showed that monocrotophos (MCP) pesticide disrupted the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in male goldfish (Carassius auratus); however, the effects of MCP on the thyroid system in female goldfish are remain unclear. In the present study, plasma thyroid hormone (TH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were evaluated in female goldfish exposed to 0.01, 0.10, and 1.00 mg/L of 40% MCP-based pesticide for 21 days in a semi-static exposure system. Expression profiles of HPT axis-responsive genes, including transthyretin (ttr), deiodinases (d1, d2, and d3), tshβ, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh), and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (crh), were determined. The results indicated that MCP decreased the plasma levels of total 3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine (TT3) and the ratio of TT3 to total 3,3',5,5'-l-thyroxine (TT4), and induced alternative expression of TH-related genes. Exposure to 0.01 and 0.10 mg/L MCP pesticide resulted in the up-regulation of ttr mRNA. The reduction of plasma TT3 levels was partly attributed to an increase in the metabolism of T3 in the liver, as revealed by the highly elevated hepatic d1 and d3 mRNA levels in the MCP treatment groups, and the expression of hepatic d3 showed a negative correlation with the plasma TT3/TT4 levels in females. Moreover, the plasma TSH levels were lower in females exposed to 0.01 and 0.10 mg/L MCP pesticide, whereas the up-regulation of tshβ mRNA levels was compensated by the decreased plasma TT3 levels. These results indicated that MCP had the potential to influence several pathways of HPT axis homeostasis in female goldfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hua Tian
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Ibrahim ATA, Harabawy ASA. Sublethal toxicity of carbofuran on the African catfish Clarias gariepinus: Hormonal, enzymatic and antioxidant responses. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 106:33-39. [PMID: 24836875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the impacts of carbofuran on endocrinology of the catfish, Clarias gariepinus, for the first time and evaluated cortisol (CRT), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4), 17β-estradiol (E2) and testosterone (TST) and the oxidative stress markers including SOD, CAT, GSTs, GSH. The toxic effects on the metabolic enzymes, G6PDH and LDH, in addition to lipid peroxidation (LPO) and DNA damage as biomarkers in Nile catfish, to sublethal exposures of carbofuran (0.16 and 0.49mg/L, for 35 days) were studied. Statistically significant differences between selected parameters between control and carbofuran-treated fish were recorded. Carbofuran caused a significant (p<0.05) increase in CRT and T3 levels; the mean levels of T4, TST, E2 exhibited significant decreases (p<0.05) in carbofuran-treated fish. Toxicity of carbofuran on liver, kidney, gills, gonads and muscles after 35 days of exposure was found. Glycogen levels showed a highly significant decrease in liver and gills (p< 0.001), a significant decrease (p< 0.05) in kidney and muscles, and insignificant changes (p>0.05) in gonads of treated fish. The two metabolic enzymes G6PDH and LDH in all tissues exhibited significant decreases (p<0.05) in treated fish. SOD, CAT, GSH and GST levels showed significant decreases (p<0.05) in all tissues of fish after exposure to carbofuran. LPO levels increased significantly (p<0.05) in all tissues except gonads after 5 weeks of exposure to carbofuran. There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in DNA fragmentation percentage in treated fish. Our results provide a clear evidence on the response of C. gariepinus to sublethal doses of carbofuran and allow us to consider catfish as a good bioindicator to reflect the endocrine disrupting impacts of carbofuran, and reflect the potential of this pesticide to cause disturbance in antioxidant defense system as well as metabolism and induction of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and DNA damage in contaminated ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Th A Ibrahim
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, New Valley Branch, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed S A Harabawy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt; Biology Department, Faculty of Science, North Jeddah, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Li W, Zhu L, Zha J, Wang Z. Effects of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) on mRNA transcription of thyroid hormone pathway and spermatogenesis associated genes in Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:1-9. [PMID: 21901812 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used as flame retardants, which are ubiquitous environmental contaminant found in both abiotic and biotic environmental samples. Deca-BDE (BDE-209) is the principal component, which is currently used worldwide. In this study, the effect of BDE-209 on the mRNA levels of thyroid hormone (TH) related genes and spermatogenesis associated genes were determined from larvae and adult rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) exposed to concentrations 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 μg/L for 21 days. The results showed that the type II deiodinase (dio2) and sodium iodide symporter (nis) mRNA levels were significantly up-regulated in the larvae at 10 μg/L treatment. In adult, histopathological observations showed that liver of female fish were degenerated at 10 μg/L treatment, and inhibition of spermatogenesis were observed in testis of male fish. In addition, the thyroid hormone receptor α (trα), dio2, and nis mRNA levels in the liver of male and female fish were significantly up-regulated, whereas dio2 and nis mRNA levels were significantly down-regulated in the brain. These results indicate that exposure to BDE-209 could result in tissue-specific alternations of TH-related genes expression in adults. Moreover, the mRNA levels of the testis-specific apoptosis genes, the spermatogenesis-associated 4 (spata4) and spermatogenesis-associated 17 (spata17), were down-regulated at 10 μg/L treatment in testis of male fish. Our results suggest that BDE-209 may pose threat to normal thyroid and reproductive function in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
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Kasai K, Nishiyama N, Yamauchi K. Characterization of Oncorhynchus mykiss 5-hydroxyisourate hydrolase/transthyretin superfamily: Evolutionary and functional analyses. Gene 2013; 531:326-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhang X, Tian H, Wang W, Ru S. Exposure to monocrotophos pesticide causes disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in adult male goldfish (Carassius auratus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 193:158-66. [PMID: 23948368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The thyroid hormones (THs) 3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3) and l-thyroxine (T4) exert a wide range of biological effects on physiological processes of fish. To elucidate the thyroid disruption effects of monocrotophos (MCP), an organophosphate pesticide, on male goldfish (Carassius auratus), thyroid follicle histology, plasma total T3 (TT3), total T4 (TT4), free T3 (FT3) and free T4 levels, and the mRNA expression of indices involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPT axis) were examined following 21-day exposure to 0.01, 0.10 and 1.00mg/L of a 40% MCP-based pesticide. The results showed that MCP exposure induced the hyperplasia and hypertrophy of thyroid follicular epithelium and led to decreased plasma TT3 levels and TT3-to-TT4 ratios, without effect on plasma TT4 levels. Profiles of the changes in the relative abundance of deiodinase (D1, D2 and D3) transcripts were observed in the liver, brain and kidneys, during MCP exposure. An increase in the metabolism of T3, expressed as highly elevated hepatic d1 and d3 mRNA levels, might be associated with the reduction in plasma TT3 levels in both the 0.01 and 0.10mg/L groups, while in the 1.00mg/L MCP group, inhibited hepatic d2 transcripts might have also resulted in decreased TT3 levels by preventing the activation of T4 to T3. As a compensatory response to decreased T3 levels, pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone β subunit mRNA transcription was up-regulated by the MCP pesticide. Decreases in plasma FT3 levels were also correlated with the modulation of hepatic transthyretin mRNA expression. Overall, the MCP pesticide exhibited thyroid-disrupting effects via interference with the HPT axis at multiple potential sites, resulting in disturbance of TH homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Zhang
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, PR China
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Campinho MA, Power DM. Waterborne exposure of zebrafish embryos to micromole concentrations of ioxynil and diethylstilbestrol disrupts thyrocyte development. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 140-141:279-287. [PMID: 23851054 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide ioxynil (IOX) and synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) are common aquatic contaminants with an endocrine disrupting action. In juvenile teleost fish IOX and DES disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. To assess how IOX and DES influence the developing HPT axis prior to establishment of central regulation of thyroid hormones, zebrafish embryos were exposed to low concentrations of the chemicals in water. IOX and DES (1 and 0.1 μM) exposure failed to modify hypothalamic development but had a negative effect on thyrocyte development. Specifically, IOX and DES caused a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the size of the thyroid anlagen by decreasing the mRNA expression field of both nk2.1a and thyroglobulin (Tg) genes. Inhibition of thyroid gland development by IOX and DES (0.1 μM) was strongly associated with altered heart morphology. To test if the effect of IOX and DES on the thyroid was a consequence of altered cardiac development a morpholino (MO) against zebrafish cardiac troponin I (zcTnI) was microinjected. The zcTnI morphants had modified heart function, a small thyroid anlagen and a reduction in the mRNA expression of nk2.1a and Tg genes similar to that of zebrafish exposed to IOX (1 and 0.1 μM) and DES (0.1 μM). Collectively the data indicate that IOX and DES alter thyroid development in zebrafish and chemicals that alter heart development and function can have an indirect endocrine disrupting action on the thyroid in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Campinho
- Comparative and Molecular Endocrinology Group, Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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Yu L, Chen M, Liu Y, Gui W, Zhu G. Thyroid endocrine disruption in zebrafish larvae following exposure to hexaconazole and tebuconazole. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 138-139:35-42. [PMID: 23685399 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The widely used triazole fungicides have the potential to disrupt endocrine system, but little is known of such effects or underlying mechanisms of hexaconazole (HEX) and tebuconazole (TEB) in fish. In the present study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to various concentrations of HEX (0.625, 1.25 and 2.5 mg/L) and TEB (1, 2 and 4 mg/L) from fertilization to 120 h post-fertilization (hpf). The whole body content of thyroid hormone and transcription of genes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis were analyzed. The results showed that thyroxine (T4) levels were significantly decreased, while triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were significantly increased after exposure to HEX and TEB, indicating thyroid endocrine disruption. Exposure to HEX significantly induced the transcription of all the measured genes (i.e., corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSHβ), sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), transthyretin (TTR), uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1ab), thyronine deiodinase (Dio1 and Dio2), thyroid hormone receptors (TRα and TRβ) in the HPT axis, but did not affect the transcription of thyroglobulin (TG). However, TEB exposure resulted in the upregulation of all the measured genes, excepting that TG, Dio1and TRα had not changed significantly. The overall results indicated that exposure to HEX and TEB could alter thyroid hormone levels as well as gene transcription in the HPT axis in zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
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Campinho MA, Morgado I, Pinto PIS, Silva N, Power DM. The goitrogenic efficiency of thioamides in a marine teleost, sea bream (Sparus auratus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2012; 179:369-75. [PMID: 23032075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the role of thyroid hormones (THs) in teleost fish physiology have deployed the synthetic goitrogens, methimazol (MMI), propilthiouracil (PTU) and thiourea (TU) that are used to treat human hyperthyroidism. However, the action of the goitrogens, MMI, PTU and TU at different levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in teleosts is largely unknown. The central importance of the hypothalamus and pituitary in a number of endocrine regulated systems and the cross-talk that occurs between different endocrine axes makes it pertinent to characterize the effects of MMI, PTU and TU, on several endpoints of the thyroid system. The marine teleost, sea bream (Sparus auratus) was exposed to MMI, PTU and TU (1mg/kg wet weight per day), via the diet for 21days. Radioimmunoassays (RIA) of plasma THs and ELISA of the TH carrier transthyretin (TTR) revealed that MMI was the only chemical that significantly reduced plasma TH levels (p<0.05), although both MMI and PTU significantly (p<0.05) reduced plasma levels of circulating TTR (p<0.05). Histological analysis of the thyroid tissue revealed modifications in thyrocyte activity that explain the reduced circulating levels of THs. MMI also significantly (p<0.05) up-regulated transcript abundance of liver deiodinase 1 and 2 while significantly (p<0.05) decreasing TRβ expression in the pituitary, all hallmarks of HPT axis action of goitrogens in vertebrates. The results indicate that in the sea bream MMI is the most effective goitrogen followed by PTU and that TU (1mg/kg wet weight for 21days) failed to have a goitrogenic effect. The study highlights the non-uniform effect of goitrogens on the thyroid axis of sea bream and provides the basis for future studies of thyroid disrupting pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Campinho
- CCMAR, CIMAR, Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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Scholz S, Renner P, Belanger SE, Busquet F, Davi R, Demeneix BA, Denny JS, Léonard M, McMaster ME, Villeneuve DL, Embry MR. Alternatives to in vivo tests to detect endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in fish and amphibians--screening for estrogen, androgen and thyroid hormone disruption. Crit Rev Toxicol 2012. [PMID: 23190036 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2012.737762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disruption is considered a highly relevant hazard for environmental risk assessment of chemicals, plant protection products, biocides and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, screening tests with a focus on interference with estrogen, androgen, and thyroid hormone pathways in fish and amphibians have been developed. However, they use a large number of animals and short-term alternatives to animal tests would be advantageous. Therefore, the status of alternative assays for endocrine disruption in fish and frogs was assessed by a detailed literature analysis. The aim was to (i) determine the strengths and limitations of alternative assays and (ii) present conclusions regarding chemical specificity, sensitivity, and correlation with in vivo data. Data from 1995 to present were collected related to the detection/testing of estrogen-, androgen-, and thyroid-active chemicals in the following test systems: cell lines, primary cells, fish/frog embryos, yeast and cell-free systems. The review shows that the majority of alternative assays measure effects directly mediated by receptor binding or resulting from interference with hormone synthesis. Other mechanisms were rarely analysed. A database was established and used for a quantitative and comparative analysis. For example, a high correlation was observed between cell-free ligand binding and cell-based reporter cell assays, between fish and frog estrogenic data and between fish embryo tests and in vivo reproductive effects. It was concluded that there is a need for a more systematic study of the predictive capacity of alternative tests and ways to reduce inter- and intra-assay variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Scholz
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany.
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Chang H, Wu F, Jin F, Feng C, Zhao X, Liao H. Picogram per liter level determination of hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers in water by liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1223:131-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Revised: 12/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Akiyoshi S, Sai G, Yamauchi K. Species-dependent effects of the phenolic herbicide ioxynil with potential thyroid hormone disrupting activity: modulation of its cellular uptake and activity by interaction with serum thyroid hormone-binding proteins. J Environ Sci (China) 2012; 24:949-55. [PMID: 22893975 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(11)60819-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ioxynil, a phenolic herbicide, is known to exert thyroid hormone (TH) disrupting activity by interfering with TH-binding to plasma proteins and a step of the cellular TH-signaling pathway in restricted animal species. However, comparative studies are still lacking on the TH disruption. We investigated the interaction of [125I]ioxynil with serum proteins from rainbow trout, bullfrog, chicken, pig, rat, and mouse, using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Candidate ioxynil-binding proteins, which included lipoproteins, albumin and transthyretin (TTR), differed among the vertebrates tested. Rainbow trout and bullfrog tadpole serum had the lowest binding activity for ioxynil, whereas the eutherian serum had the highest binding activity. The cellular uptake of, and response to, ioxynil were suppressed by rat serum greater than by tadpole serum. The cellular uptake of [125I]ioxynil competed strongly with phenols with a single ring, but not with THs. Our results suggested that ioxynil interferes with TH homeostasis in plasma and with a step of cellular TH-signaling pathway other than TH-uptake system, in a species-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakura Akiyoshi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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Simon E, Bytingsvik J, Jonker W, Leonards PEG, de Boer J, Jenssen BM, Lie E, Aars J, Hamers T, Lamoree MH. Blood plasma sample preparation method for the assessment of thyroid hormone-disrupting potency in effect-directed analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:7936-44. [PMID: 21842831 DOI: 10.1021/es2016389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A sample preparation method combining solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) was developed to be used in Effect-Directed Analysis (EDA) of blood plasma. Until now such a method was not available. It can be used for extraction of a broad range of thyroid hormone (TH)-disruptors from plasma with high recoveries. Validation of the method using spiked cow plasma showed good recoveries for hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs; 93.8 ± 19.5%), hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs; 93.8 ± 15.5%), other halogenated phenols (OHPs; 107 ± 8.1%), and for short-chain (<8 C-atoms) perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs; 85.2 ± 24.6%). In the same extracts, the potency of the compound classes spiked to the cow plasma to competitively bind to transthyretin (TTR) was recovered by 84.9 ± 8.8%. Furthermore, the SPE-LLE method efficiently removed endogenous THs from the extracts, thereby eliminating their possible contribution to the binding assay response. The SPE-LLE method was applied to polar bear plasma samples to investigate its applicability in future EDA studies focusing on TH-disrupting compounds in this top predator species that is exposed to relatively high levels of bioaccumulating pollutants. A first screening revealed TTR-binding potency in the polar bear plasma extracts, which could be explained for 60-85% by the presence of OH-PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Simon
- Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Yamauchi K, Sai G. Characterization of plasma triiodophenol binding proteins in vertebrates and tissue distribution of triiodophenol in Rana catesbeiana tadpoles. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 153:328-35. [PMID: 21147258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the interaction of 2,4,6-triiodophenol (TIP), a potent thyroid hormone disrupting chemical, with serum proteins from rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss), bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana), chicken (Gallus gallus), pig (Sus scrofa domesticus), and rat (Rattus norvegicus) using a [(125)I]TIP binding assay, gel filtration chromatography, and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. [(125)I]TIP bound non-specifically to proteins in trout serum, specifically but weakly to proteins in bullfrog serum, and specifically and strongly to proteins in chicken, pig, and rat serum samples. Candidate TIP-binding proteins included lipoproteins (220-320kDa) in trout, albumin in bullfrog, albumin and transthyretin (TTR) in chicken and pig, and TTR in rat. TTR in the chicken, pig, and rat serum samples was responsible for the high-affinity, low-capacity binding sites for TIP (dissociation constant 2.2-3.5×10(-10)M). In contrast, a weak interaction of [(125)I]TIP with tadpole serum proteins accelerated [(125)I]TIP cellular uptake in vitro. Intraperitoneal injection of [(125)I]TIP in tadpoles revealed that the radioactivity was predominantly accumulated in the gallbladder and the kidney. The differences in the molecular and binding properties of TIP binding proteins among vertebrates would affect in part the cellular availability, tissue distribution and clearance of TIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Yamauchi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
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Lübcke-von Varel U, Machala M, Ciganek M, Neca J, Pencikova K, Palkova L, Vondracek J, Löffler I, Streck G, Reifferscheid G, Flückiger-Isler S, Weiss JM, Lamoree M, Brack W. Polar compounds dominate in vitro effects of sediment extracts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:2384-2390. [PMID: 21348526 DOI: 10.1021/es103381y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Sediment extracts from three polluted sites of the river Elbe basin were fractionated using a novel online fractionation procedure. Resulting fractions were screened for mutagenic, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated, transthyretin (TTR)-binding, and estrogenic activities and their potency to inhibit gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) to compare toxicity patterns and identify priority fractions. Additionally, more than 200 compounds and compound classes were identified using GC-MS/MS, LC-MS/MS, and HPLC-DAD methods. For all investigated end points, major activities were found in polar fractions, which are defined here as fractions containing dominantly compounds with at least one polar functional group. Nonpolar PAH fractions contributed to mutagenic and AhR-mediated activities while inhibition of GJIC and estrogenic and TTR-binding activities were exclusively observed in the polar fractions. Known mutagens in polar fractions included nitro- and dinitro-PAHs, azaarenes, and keto-PAHs, while parent and monomethylated PAHs such as benzo[a]pyrene and benzofluoranthenes were identified in nonpolar fractions. Additionally, for one sample, high AhR-mediated activities were determined in one fraction characterized by PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PCNs. Estrone, 17β-estradiol, 9H-benz[de]anthracen-7-one, and 4-nonylphenol were identified as possible estrogenic and TTR-binding compounds. Thus, not only nonpolar compounds such as PAHs, PCBs, and PCDD/Fs but also the less characterized and investigated more polar substances should be considered as potent mutagenic, estrogenic, AhR-inducing, TTR-binding, and GJIC-inhibiting components for future studies.
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Gross TN, Manzon RG. Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) contain four developmentally regulated serum thyroid hormone distributor proteins. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2011; 170:640-9. [PMID: 21163261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are very lipophilic molecules which require a distribution network for efficient transport in serum. Despite observations that THs function in a wide variety of processes, including aspects of fish development (i.e., flat fish metamorphosis and smoltification), the proteins responsible for TH distribution in fish serum remain poorly studied. We chose to investigate the serum TH distributor proteins (THDPs) in lampreys. As one of only two extant agnathans, data on lamprey THDPs may offer new insights into the evolution of the vertebrate TH distribution network and serum proteins in general. Moreover, lampreys appear to contradict the vertebrate model of an increase in TH concentrations initiating and driving vertebrate metamorphosis. We show for the first time that sea lamprey serum contains at least four THDPs and that their presence in serum is temporally regulated throughout the life cycle. The albumin, glycoprotein AS is the dominant THDP present in the sera of larval and metamorphosing sea lamprey. In stage seven of metamorphosis, three additional THDPs appear, including the albumin, glycoprotein SDS-1; the glycolipoprotein CB-III; and an unidentified low molecular weight protein temporarily named Spot-5. The sera of parasitic and upstream migrant sea lampreys lack AS; their serum THDPs are SDS-1, CB-III, and Spot-5. Our data indicate that despite the change in type and number of THDPs, the overall total TH binding capacity of sea lamprey serum remains fairly stable until stage 7 of metamorphosis when a only modest decrease in total binding capacity is observed. Collectively these data indicate that the decline in serum TH concentrations observed during lamprey metamorphosis is not a consequence of a reduction in the distribution and storage capacity of the serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianna Natalia Gross
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Effect-Directed Analysis of Endocrine Disruptors in Aquatic Ecosystems. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-18384-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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