1
|
Gallo A, Guida M, Armiento G, Siciliano A, Mormile N, Carraturo F, Pellegrini D, Morroni L, Tosti E, Ferrante MI, Montresor M, Molisso F, Sacchi M, Danovaro R, Lofrano G, Libralato G. Species-specific sensitivity of three microalgae to sediment elutriates. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 156:104901. [PMID: 32056796 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are considered good bioindicators of marine environmental quality. Frequently, they are used to investigate the toxicity of sediment elutriates, but their sensitivity is disputed. This paper compared the sensitivity of Phaeodactylum tricornutum (diatom), Skeletonema costatum (diatom), and Dunaliella tertiolecta (green alga), analyzing 257 samples of elutriates (1:4 sediment: water ratio), considering growth inhibition (72 h) as the reference endpoint and sediment chemical (metals, metalloids and polyaromatic hydrocarbons) and grain size. Results of the toxicity tests showed that the microalgae sensitivity was not correlated. The integration of chemical data did not allow to discriminate toxicity effects but contributed to highlight that D. tertiolecta was the most sensitive microalgae (no cell wall) followed by P. tricornutum and S. costatum. Further analysis, including lines of evidence and weight of evidence approaches to calculate risk quotients of elutriate samples, confirmed these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Gallo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - M Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126, Naples, Italy; Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - G Armiento
- ENEA, Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123, Roma, Italy
| | - A Siciliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - N Mormile
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - F Carraturo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - D Pellegrini
- ISPRA, Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Via del Cedro (c/o Dogana d'Acqua), 57122, Livorno, Italy
| | - L Morroni
- ISPRA, Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Via del Cedro (c/o Dogana d'Acqua), 57122, Livorno, Italy
| | - E Tosti
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - M I Ferrante
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - M Montresor
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - F Molisso
- Istituto per le Scienze Marine (ISMAR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Calata Porta di Massa, 80133, Napoli, Italy
| | - M Sacchi
- Istituto per le Scienze Marine (ISMAR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Calata Porta di Massa, 80133, Napoli, Italy
| | - R Danovaro
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - G Lofrano
- Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - G Libralato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126, Naples, Italy; Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Martins SE, Fillmann G, Lillicrap A, Thomas KV. Review: ecotoxicity of organic and organo-metallic antifouling co-biocides and implications for environmental hazard and risk assessments in aquatic ecosystems. BIOFOULING 2018; 34:34-52. [PMID: 29250978 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2017.1404036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hazard assessments of Irgarol 1051, diuron, 2-(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole (TCMTB), dichloro-octylisothiazolin (DCOIT), chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, thiram, zinc pyrithione, copper pyrithione, triphenylborane pyridine (TPBP), capsaicin, nonivamide, tralopyril and medetomidine were performed to establish robust environmental quality standards (EQS), based on predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs). Microalgae, zooplankton, fish and amphibians were the most sensitive ecological groups to all the antifoulants evaluated, especially in the early life stages. No differences were identified between freshwater and seawater species. The use of toxicity tests with non-standard species is encouraged because they increase the datasets, allowing EQS to be derived from probabilistic-based PNECs whilst reducing uncertainties. The global ban of tributyltin (TBT) has been heralded as a major environmental success; however, substitute antifoulants may also pose risks to aquatic ecosystems. Environmental risk assessments (ERAs) have driven decision-makings for regulating antifouling products, but in many countries there is still a lack of regulation of antifouling biocides which should be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Eslava Martins
- a Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG , Rio Grande/RS , Brazil
- b Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) , Oslo , Norway
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- a Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG , Rio Grande/RS , Brazil
| | - Adam Lillicrap
- b Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) , Oslo , Norway
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- b Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) , Oslo , Norway
- c Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS) , The University of Queensland , Coopers Plains , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wendt I, Backhaus T, Blanck H, Arrhenius Å. The toxicity of the three antifouling biocides DCOIT, TPBP and medetomidine to the marine pelagic copepod Acartia tonsa. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2016; 25:871-879. [PMID: 26984312 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1644-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Copepods, the largest group of pelagic grazers, are at risk from exposure to antifouling biocides. This study investigated the toxicity of the antifouling biocides 4,5-dichloro-2-octyl-1,2-thiazol-3(2H)-one (DCOIT), triphenylborane pyridine (TPBP) and 4-[1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole (medetomidine) to the copepod Acartia tonsa, using mortality and egg production as endpoints. The toxicity ranking for mortality was as follows: DCOIT (LC50 57 nmol l(-1)) = TPBP (LC50 56 nmol l(-1)) > medetomidine (LC50 241 nmol l(-1)). Egg production was more sensitive than mortality to TPBP (EC50 3.2 nmol l(-1)), while DCOIT and medetomidine inhibited egg production at roughly the same concentrations (72 and 186 nmol l(-1) respectively). Furthermore, TPBP seems to affect egg hatching directly which was not the case for DCOIT and medetomidine. DCOIT and medetomidine might pose an environmental risk as they have been reported to occur in different exposure scenarios or analytical surveys at concentrations only 2-3 times lower than the respective EC10. Reported environmental concentrations of TPBP are few but clearly lower than the EC10 values reported here, suggesting current risk of TPBP to copepods to be moderate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Wendt
- Swedish Institute for the Marine Environment, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Backhaus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hans Blanck
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Åsa Arrhenius
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Arrhenius Å, Backhaus T, Hilvarsson A, Wendt I, Zgrundo A, Blanck H. A novel bioassay for evaluating the efficacy of biocides to inhibit settling and early establishment of marine biofilms. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 87:292-299. [PMID: 25150894 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel assay that allows a quick and robust assessment of the effects of biocides on the initial settling and establishment of marine photoautotrophic biofilms including the multitude of indigenous fouling organisms. Briefly, biofilms are established in the field, sampled, comminuted and re-settled on clean surfaces, after 72h chlorophyll a is measured as an integrating endpoint to reflect both settling and growth. Eight antifoulants were used to evaluate the assay. Efficacy ranking, based on EC98 values from most to least efficacious compound is: copper pyrithione>TPBP>DCOIT>tolylfluanid>zinc pyrithione>medetomidine>copper (Cu(2+)), while ecotoxicological ranking (based on EC10 values) is irgarol, copper pyrithione>zinc pyrithione>TPBP>tolylfluanid>DCOIT>copper (Cu(2+))>medetomidine. The algaecide irgarol did not cause full inhibition. Instead the inhibition leveled out at 95% effect at 30 nmoll(-)(1), a concentration that was clearly lower than for any other of the tested biocides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Arrhenius
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Box 461, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Thomas Backhaus
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Box 461, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Annelie Hilvarsson
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Box 461, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Ida Wendt
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Box 461, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Aleksandra Zgrundo
- University of Gdansk, Institute of Oceanography, Al. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Hans Blanck
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Box 461, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Oliveira IB, Beiras R, Thomas KV, Suter MJF, Barroso CM. Acute toxicity of tralopyril, capsaicin and triphenylborane pyridine to marine invertebrates. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2014; 23:1336-1344. [PMID: 24994544 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1276-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A need for environmentally acceptable alternative antifouling (AF) biocides has arisen through restrictions in the use of many common biocides in the European Union through the Biocidal Product Regulation (Regulation EU No. 528/2012). Three such alternatives are triphenylborane pyridine (TPBP), tralopyril and capsaicin. This study aims at extending the available information on the toxicity of these three emerging AF biocides to key marine invertebrates. Here we investigate the toxicity of tralopyril and capsaicin to the early life stages of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and also of tralopyril, capsaicin and TPBP to the early life stages of the copepod Tisbe battagliai. The EC50 that causes abnormal development of mussel's D-veliger larvae and impairs the growth of sea urchin pluteus larvae are respectively 3.1 and 3.0 μg/L for tralopyril and 3,868 and 5,248 μg/L for capsaicin. Regarding the copepod T. battagliai, the LC50 was 0.9 μg/L for tralopyril, 1,252 μg/L for capsaicin and 14 μg/L for TPBP. The results obtained for the three substances are compared to a reference AF biocide, tributyltin (TBT), and their ecological risk evaluated. These compounds pose a lower environmental risk than TBT but still, our results suggest that tralopyril and TPBP may represent a considerable threat to the ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel B Oliveira
- Biology Department and CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Onduka T, Ojima D, Ito M, Ito K, Mochida K, Fujii K. Toxicity of degradation products of the antifouling biocide pyridine triphenylborane to marine organisms. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 65:724-732. [PMID: 23929384 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-013-9945-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the acute toxicities of the main degradation products of pyridine triphenylborane (PTPB), namely, diphenylborane hydroxide (DPB), phenylborane dihydroxide (MPB), phenol, and biphenyl, to the alga Skeletonema costatum, the crustacean Tigriopus japonicus, and two teleosts, the red sea bream Pagrus major and the mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus. DPB was the most toxic of the degradation products to all four organisms. The acute toxicity values of DPB for S. costatum, T. japonicus, red sea bream, and mummichog were 55, 70, 100, and 200-310 μg/L, respectively. The degradation products were less toxic than PTPB to S. costatum and T. japonicus; however, the toxicities of DPB and PTPB to the fish species were similar. We also examined changes in the inhibition of growth rate of S. costatum as well as the percentage of immobilization of T. japonicus as end points of toxicity of PTPB after irradiation of PTPB with 432 ± 45 W/m(2) of 290-700 nm wavelength light. After 7 days of irradiation with this light, the concentration of PTPB in the test solutions decreased markedly. A decrease in toxic effects closely coincided with the decrease in the concentration of PTPB caused by the irradiation. PTPB probably accounted for most of the toxicity in the irradiation test solutions. Because the concentrations of PTPB that were acutely toxic to S. costatum and T. japonicus were <10 % of the corresponding concentrations of its degradation products, PTPB probably accounted for most of the toxicity in the irradiation test solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshimitsu Onduka
- Fisheries Research Agency, National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Hiroshima, 739-0452, Japan,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wendt I, Arrhenius Å, Backhaus T, Hilvarsson A, Holm K, Langford K, Tunovic T, Blanck H. Effects of five antifouling biocides on settlement and growth of zoospores from the marine macroalga Ulva lactuca L. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 91:426-432. [PMID: 23846394 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-013-1057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Antifouling biocides are found in the marine ecosystem were they can affect non-target organisms. In this study the effects of five antifouling biocides on the settlement and growth of Ulva lactuca zoospores were investigated. The biocides investigated were copper (Cu(2+)), 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone (DCOIT), triphenylborane pyridine (TPBP), tolylfluanid and medetomidine. Full concentration-response curves where determined for each compound. EC50 values were determined for copper, DCOIT, TPBP and tolylfluanid, all of which inhibited settlement and growth in a concentration dependent manner with the following toxicity ranking; tolylfluanid (EC50 80 nmol L(-1)) ~ DCOIT (EC50 83 nmol L(-1)) > TPBP (EC50 400 nmol L(-1)) > Cu(2+) (EC50 2,000 nmol L(-1)). Medetomidine inhibited settlement and growth only at the extreme concentration of 100,000 nmol L(-1) (93% effect). The low toxicity is possibly a consequence of a lack of receptors that medetomidine can bind to in the U. lactuca zoospores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Wendt
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, Gothenburg, 405 30, Sweden,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tsuboi A, Okamura H, Kaewchuay N, Fukushi K, Zhou X, Nishida T. Degradation of triphenylborane-pyridine antifouling agent in water by copper ions. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:2835-2840. [PMID: 24527648 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.790083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Triphenylborane-pyridine (TPBP) is an antifouling compound used in Asian countries, including Japan, and its residue has not been detected in aquatic environments to date. There are limited data on its fate for environmental management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether TPBP is degraded by metal ions in aquatic environments. TPBP with metal ions in 20 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 8.0 was placed at 25 degrees C in the dark for 24 h. The concentrations of TPBP and its degradation products, such as diphenylboronic acid, phenylboronic acid (MPB), phenol, benzene, biphenyl, and boron were determined. The presence of copper ions (50 mg/l), but not zinc or manganese ions, resulted in complete degradation of TPBP in 24 h. The TPBP degradation was much faster than the boron production in the initial reaction (0-1 h) with copper salts, depending on the copper salts tested. TPBP was degraded by copper ions (5 mg/l) in 24 h, producing phenol, MPB, biphenyl, and borate. Cu2+ as copper(II) chloride or copper(II) acetate led to complete degradation of TPBP, and thylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt addition suppressed the TPBP degradation. Cu+ as copper(I) acetate also completely degraded TPBP, and bathocuproine addition suppressed the TPBP degradation. This suggests that copper ions existing in natural environments might degrade TPBP released from antifouling paint into water, and this could be one of the important mechanisms to dissipate TPBP residues in aquatic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ai Tsuboi
- Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe 658-0022, Japan
| | - Hideo Okamura
- Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University, Kobe 658-0022, Japan
| | - Netnapit Kaewchuay
- Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe 658-0022, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukushi
- Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe 658-0022, Japan
| | - Xiaojian Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, People's Republic of China
| | - Tomoaki Nishida
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kaewchuay N, Fukushi K, Hattori T. Simultaneous Determination of Pyridine-Triphenylborane Anti-Fouling Agent and Its Degradation Products in Artificial Seawater by CZE. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2506-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
10
|
Garcia JC, de Souza Freitas TKF, Palácio SM, Ambrósio E, Souza MTF, Santos LB, de Cinque Almeida V, de Souza NE. Toxicity assessment of textile effluents treated by advanced oxidative process (UV/TiO2 and UV/TiO2/H2O2) in the species Artemia salina L. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:2179-2187. [PMID: 22638725 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2698-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Textile industry wastes raise a great concern due to their strong coloration and toxicity. The objective of the present work was to characterize the degradation and mineralization of textile effluents by advanced oxidative processes using either TiO(2) or TiO(2)/H(2)O(2) and to monitor the toxicity of the products formed during 6-h irradiation in relation to that of the in natura effluent. The results demonstrated that the TiO(2)/H(2)O(2) association was more efficient in the mineralization of textile effluents than TiO(2), with high mineralized ion concentrations (NH (4) (+) , NO (3) (-) , and SO (4) (2-) ) and significantly decreased organic matter ratios (represented by the chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon). The toxicity of the degradation products after 4-h irradiation to Artemia salina L. was not significant (below 10 %). However, the TiO(2)/H(2)O(2) association produced more toxicity under irradiation than the TiO(2) system, which was attributed to the increased presence of oxidants in the first group. Comparatively, the photogenerated products of both TiO(2) and the TiO(2)/H(2)O(2) association were less toxic than the in natura effluent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Carla Garcia
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringá, Parana, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tsunemasa N, Tsuboi A, Okamura H. Effects of organoboron antifoulants on oyster and sea urchin embryo development. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 14:421-33. [PMID: 23263671 PMCID: PMC3565272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14010421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prohibition of Ot (organotin) compounds was introduced in Japan in 1997 and worldwide from September 2008. This meant that the production of paints containing TBT compounds was stopped and alternatives to the available Ot antifoulants had to be developed. It has been claimed that the degradation by-products of these alternative antifoulants were less toxic than those of Ot compounds. Since the introduction of the alternative antifoulants, the accumulation of these compounds has been reported in many countries. However, the toxicity of these compounds was still largely unreported. In this research, the toxicity of the alternative Ot antifoulants TPBP (triphenylborane pyridine) and TPBOA (triphenylborane octadecylamine) and their degradation products on Crassostea gigas and Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus were tested. The results showed that toxic effects in Crassostea gigas was higher for each antifouling biocide than that in Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. Also, while the toxicity of the Organoboron antifoulants and the Ots were the same, the former’s degradation products were much less harmful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noritaka Tsunemasa
- Environment Conservation Division, Environment Bureau, City of Hiroshima, 1-6-34 Naka-ku, Hiroshima 730-8586, Japan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +81-82-504-2188; Fax: +81-82-504-2229
| | - Ai Tsuboi
- Lab Maritime Environment Management Graduate School of Maritime Science, Kobe University, 5-1-1 Fukaeminami, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-0022, Japan; E-Mails: (A.T.); (H.O.)
| | - Hideo Okamura
- Lab Maritime Environment Management Graduate School of Maritime Science, Kobe University, 5-1-1 Fukaeminami, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-0022, Japan; E-Mails: (A.T.); (H.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mochida K, Onduka T, Amano H, Ito M, Ito K, Tanaka H, Fujii K. Use of species sensitivity distributions to predict no-effect concentrations of an antifouling biocide, pyridine triphenylborane, for marine organisms. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2012; 64:2807-2814. [PMID: 23044030 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We used species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) and a Bayesian statistical model to carry out a primary risk assessment for pyridine triphenylborane (PTPB) in Hiroshima Bay, Japan. We used SSDs derived from toxicity values, such as EC₅₀ and LC₅₀, obtained from this study and previous work to calculate hazardous concentrations that should protect 95% and 99% of species (HC₅ and HC₁) and demonstrated that the medians of the HC₅ and HC₁ were 0.78 and 0.17 μg/L, respectively. We also used liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry to investigate the occurrence of PTPB in seawater from several coastal sites of Hiroshima Bay and detected PTPB at concentrations of 4.8-21 pg/L. Comparison of environmental concentrations to the HC values suggests that the current ecological risk posed by PTPB in Hiroshima Bay is low. This is the first report of the detection of PTPB in the natural marine environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Mochida
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fukushi K, Yakushiji Y, Okamura H, Hashimoto Y, Saito K. Simultaneous determination of a pyridine-triphenylborane anti-fouling agent and its estimated degradation products using capillary zone electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:2187-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2009] [Revised: 12/31/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
14
|
de Souza Lima MCJ, Soto-Blanco B. Poisoning in goats by Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart.: biological and cytotoxic effects. Toxicon 2009; 55:320-4. [PMID: 19695279 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Revised: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous cases of poisoning by Aspidosperma pyrifolium, the toxicity to rats and in vitro cytotoxicity were evaluated. On all spontaneous cases studied, ingestion of the plant and cases of abortion occurred exclusively in goats. The majority of the cases of abortion occurred during the early dry season and the early rainy season, and experienced goats were less likely to be affected than naïve goats. Pregnant Wistar rats dosed with A. pyrifolium extract on the 15th gestational day or from the 15th to the 17th gestational day presented reduction of fetal weight and strong evidence of maternal toxicity was found. Female rats injected A. pyrifolium extract intraperitoneally presented motor disturbances and death; male rats were more resistant than females. Xylazine, atropine and diazepam administration did not prevent the effects of toxicity. Evaluation of the osmotic fragility of red blood cells was performed with the plant extract at different concentrations. In addition, 1-day-old larvae of Artemia salina were incubated with different concentrations of the extract. It was found that the extract of A. pyrifolium promoted hemolysis and was lethal to A. salina. These in vivo and in vitro assays may be useful as adjunct tests for further studies with this plant.
Collapse
|