1
|
Li J, Zhang L, Yu S, Hong B, Lin R, Li Q, Jia H, Yang D, Gu C, Jia Q. Source-sink relationships of anthropogenic metal(loid)s from urban catchment to waterway in relation to spatial pattern of urban green infrastructures. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134381. [PMID: 38663296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Surface sediment in urban waterways originates from fine topsoil particles within catchments via surface erosion, often bonded with non-degradable metal(loid)s. This study posited that urban green infrastructures (UGIs) can influence anthropogenic metal(loid) transport from catchment topsoil to waterway sediment by retaining moveable particles. In multiply channeled downtown Suzhou, China, UGIs' spatial patterns were examined in relations to metal(loid)s source (catchment topsoil) - sink (waterway surface sediment) dynamics. Anthropogenic metal(loid)s - As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn - were spatially quantified in sediment at 144 waterway points and in topsoil at 154 UGIs' points across 7 subwatersheds. Integrated metal(loid) loads revealed significantly higher sediment loads (except for As) than topsoil, varying with element specificity and spatial unmatching across the subwatersheds. Loads of metal(loid)s in topsoil showed no significant differences among UGI types, but sediment loads of As, Cr, and Ni correlated positively with topsoil loads in roadside and public facility UGIs within 100 m- and 200 m-wide riparian buffer zones. However, waterfront UGIs negatively impacted on these correlations for Cr, Hg, and Ni loads within the riparian buffer zones. These findings highlight metal(loid) specificity and UGIs' spatial pattern effects on anthropogenic metal(loid) loads between catchment topsoil (source) and waterway surface sediment (sink), offering valuable guidelines for UGIs' design and implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Shen Yu
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Smart Management on the Urban Environment, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Bing Hong
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Smart Management on the Urban Environment, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ruihan Lin
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Dawen Yang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | - Qimeng Jia
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yu Z, Sun Z, Liu L, Li C, Zhang X, Amat G, Ran M, Hu X, Xu Y, Zhao X, Zhou J. Environmental surveillance in Jinan city of East China (2014-2022) reveals improved air quality but remained health risks attributable to PM2.5-bound metal contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 343:123275. [PMID: 38163628 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
PM2.5-bound metal contaminants are associated with multiple chronic diseases in human. At global level, the contamination status has not been well controlled yet. Here we report findings from a long-term air pollution surveillance in Jinan city of Shandong, China. During 2014-2022, the dynamics and trends of PM2.5-bound heavy metal contaminants were monitored in an industrial area and a downtown area. The surveillance targets included: antimony (Sb), aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se). The human exposure and health risks were calculated and we found that the health risks of most contaminants showed peak values in autumn and winter. But Al, Mn, Hg and Be were found to result in highest health risk in spring or summer in the downtown area. In the industrial area we identified 100% alarming health index >1 (ranged from 1.12 to 3.35) in autumn and winter. In winter the total non-carcinogenic HI was all above 1 (peak value 2.21). Mn and As together posed >85% non-carcinogenic risk. As and Cd were ranked as major drivers of carcinogenic risks (5.84 × 10-6 and 2.78 × 10-6). Pd and Cd both showed non-negligible environmental levels but risk assessment model for their air-exposure associated non-carcinogenic risks are not yet available. This study updates air pollution data and status for air pollution status in China. This study provides valuable 9 year long-term reference to experimental and field studies in the related fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Yu
- Institute of Physical and Chemical Analysis, Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
| | - Zhan Sun
- Institute of Physical and Chemical Analysis, Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
| | - Lanzheng Liu
- Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
| | - Chao Li
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Physical and Chemical Analysis, Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
| | - Gzalnur Amat
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
| | - Mohan Ran
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
| | - Xiaoyue Hu
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
| | - Yunxiang Xu
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xia Y, Liu Y, Liu C, Gao T, Yin R, Qi M, Wu H. Lake Sediment Archive Reveals a Distinct Response to Anthropogenic Pb and Zn Deposition with Historical Periods: Pb-Zn Isotope Evidence. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:15184-15192. [PMID: 37723101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities release large quantities of heavy metals into the atmosphere. In China, the input of these heavy metals through local and trans-boundary atmospheric deposition is poorly understood. To assess this issue, herein, we use Pb and Zn isotopes to constrain the sources of Pb and Zn in a 210Pb-dated sediment core collected from the enclosed lake in South China. We observed a progressive shift toward higher 208Pb/206Pb and Pb fluxes (0.79-4.02 μg·cm-2·a-1) from 1850 to 1950 and a consistent decrease in δ66ZnIRMM (as low as -0.097 ± 0.030‰) coupled with an increase in Pb (1.74-3.36 μg·cm-2·a-1) and Zn (8.07-10.44 μg·cm-2·a-1) fluxes after 1980. These distinguished isotopic signals and flux variations reveal the presence of trans-boundary Pb since 1900, with the addition of local industrial Pb and Zn pollution after 1980. Up to 72.3% of Pb deposited at our site can be attributed to long-distance transportation from previously industrialized countries, resulting in a noteworthy legacy of Pb in China since 1900. Despite the phasing out of leaded gasoline, Chinese gasoline still contributes an average of 20.9%. The contribution of China's mining and smelting activities to Pb has increased steadily since 1980 and remained stable at an average of 25.1% since 2000.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99, West Lincheng Road, Guiyang 550081, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99, West Lincheng Road, Guiyang 550081, P. R. China
| | - Chengshuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99, West Lincheng Road, Guiyang 550081, P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Science, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China
| | - Ting Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99, West Lincheng Road, Guiyang 550081, P. R. China
| | - Runsheng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, P. R. China
| | - Meng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99, West Lincheng Road, Guiyang 550081, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hongchen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99, West Lincheng Road, Guiyang 550081, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu X, Yu S. Anthropogenic metal loads in nearshore sediment along the coast of China mainland interacting with provincial socioeconomics in the period 1980-2020. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 839:156286. [PMID: 35643127 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal pollutions have been accused of consequences of the anthropogenic activities but few quantitative delineations between environmental metal loads and socioeconomic development presented. A meta-data analysis study was carried out on metal loads in coastal sediment in the provinces of China mainland reported in literature in the period 1980-2020. Eight metals with well-recognized anthropogenic sources were selected including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). Screened with three criteria, a total of 1173 records from 405 published studies were finalized as the metal loads dataset in coastal sediment. Evident provincial patterns were observed among the selected metals but element dependent after transformed to sample number weighted contents (Cw). Against the regional marine backgrounds, anthropogenic increment rate (Ranthrop) of metal loads in nearshore sediment presented better provincial differentiation with the extremes at 7.58 for As and 62.13 for Cu in Guangdong, 91.25 for Hg in Zhejiang, 3.19 for Ni in Tianjin, 7.72 for Pb in Fujian, and 13.51 for Zn in Liaoning. Metal loads in coastal sediment could be explained by characteristic industries in the provinces. Nearshore sediment in Guangdong had high risk to metal loads and other provinces at low-to-medium risk to the lowest thresholds of sediment quality guidelines in China and USA. Canonical correlations identified considerably interactive explanations between integrative hazard quotients (ƩHQ) of the selected metals in nearshore sediment and non-agricultural GDP per capita of non-agricultural population/urban population percentile provincially but few significant fittings by the classic environmental Kuznets Curve model quantitatively. Findings of this study explored uncertainty from both sides in explaining the interactions, i.e., data integrity of metal loads in coastal sediment in literature and appropriation of socioeconomic indicators in relation to metal emission industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Liu
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shen Yu
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou Y, Liao C, Shih K, Tan GYA, Su M. Incorporation of lead into pyromorphite: Effect of anion replacement on lead stabilization. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 143:232-241. [PMID: 35286968 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrate that the leaching of heavy metals in unreliable waste forms causes serious environmental pollution and health concerns. Thus, research is focused on identifying an effective, safe strategy for disposing of metal-laden solid waste such as lead (Pb). This study evaluated the effect of anion replacement in the structure of pyromorphite (Pb10(PO4)6Cl2, a common mineral phase for Pb sequestering) on Pb stabilization. Phosphate (PO43-) at the tetrahedral pyromorphite site was simultaneously replaced by silicate (SiO44-) and sulphate (SO42-) in a controlled thermal treatment. The lattice expanded with the incorporation of additional SiO44- and SO42-. Furthermore, the unit cell parameters of the solid solutions evolved linearly with an increase in the substitution degree (x in Pb10(SiO4)x(SO4)x(PO4)(6-2x)Cl2). This research also demonstrated that Pb distributed into amorphous in a PO43--deficient matrix, while asisite (Pb7SiO8Cl2) was formed when the matrix was dominated by SiO44- and SO42-. The leaching results showed the isomorphous substitution in the target system rendered the products less durable towards acidic attack. Moreover, the fully isomorphous-substituted product (x = 3) showed more than two orders of magnitude lower leaching resistance than the PO43--rich phase (x = 0). The lattice expansion, resulting from the isomorphous substitution, suggested that a lower dissolution energy was required in a PO43--deficient matrix. The leaching kinetics pointed to a product with a lower apparent activation energy in the leaching process. The findings of this study provide unique insight into the design and optimization of waste forms for the immobilization of heavy metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China; Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Changzhong Liao
- Key Laboratory of New Processing for Nonferrous Metal and Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kaimin Shih
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China.
| | - Giin-Yu Amy Tan
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Minhua Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sedimentation rate and accumulation of nutrients in the Upper Paraná river floodplain. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-08153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
7
|
Epova EN, Bérail S, Séby F, Barre JP, Vacchina V, Médina B, Sarthou L, Donard OF. Potential of lead elemental and isotopic signatures for authenticity and geographical origin of Bordeaux wines. Food Chem 2020; 303:125277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
8
|
Distribution, Source Identification, and Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in the Sediment Core from the Estuarine Region of the Golmud River to the Qarhan Salt Lake, Qinghai, China. MINERALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/min9090506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Qarhan Salt Lake has attracted increasing attention due to its significant national economic status and increased human activity, especially mining. Therefore, a sediment core collected from the confluence of the Golmud River to the Qarhan Salt Lake was chosen to investigate the concentrations, pollution levels, and ecological assessment of nine targeted elements (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, P, Pb, and Zn). The excess 210Pb activities were calculated and a sedimentation rate of approximately 0.041 cm/y was estimated. Elements sources were identified, and the results show that Al, As, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were mainly from natural sources, Cd and P were mainly from human input, and Cr appeared to have both sources. For Cd and P there was an increasing trend from 1987 and 1975, respectively, coinciding with the Chinese economic reform, Qarhan Salt Lake development and utilization, and also with the gross domestic product of Haixi State, Qinghai Province. Though the pollution and ecological assessment showed that there was nil to very low contamination and ecological risk, which is different from previous assumptions, the obviously increasing trend of Cd and P in the surface is still a concern. More attention should be paid to Cd and P in the further development of the Qarhan Salt Lake and the Golmud City.
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu R, Guo L, Men C, Wang Q, Miao Y, Shen Z. Spatial-temporal variation of heavy metals' sources in the surface sediments of the Yangtze River Estuary. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 138:526-533. [PMID: 30660303 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, positive matrix factorization, multilinear engine 2, and geographic information systems were used to characterize the spatial-temporal patterns of sources for nine heavy metals in the surface sediments of the Yangtze River Estuary in different seasons. Results showed that six sources were identified: agricultural pesticide, marine transportation, chemical factory wastewater, metal smelter waste, atmospheric deposition, and agricultural fertilizer. The proportions of sources were similar during the entire year but varied among the seasons. The differences in the proportions of agricultural pesticide between winter and other seasons were greater than 12%. Over 40% of the Cd concentration in most seasons was attributed to atmospheric deposition, while less than 5% in autumn. The impact strength of most sources, except marine transportation and metal smelter waste, decreased from the inner regions to the adjacent sea. The difference in the impact strength of agricultural pesticide was the largest throughout the study area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Lijia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Cong Men
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qingrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuexi Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhenyao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gao L, Li S, Wang Z, Liang Z, Chen J, Liang B. Contamination, potential mobility, and origins of lead in sediment cores from the Shima River, south China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:1128-1136. [PMID: 30098539 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Identifying contamination sources of environmental media and revealing their changing trends over time is useful for regional contamination control and environmental improvements. Four sediment cores (S1-S4) were collected from the Shima River to determine lead (Pb) concentrations, geochemical fractions and isotopic compositions, as well as the geochronology of core S3. The results show that Pb concentrations decreased from the upper and middle reach sites (means: 57.6, 95.9, and 97.6 mg kg-1, respectively) to the lower reach site (43.8 mg kg-1), resulting in a minimal to moderate enrichment in the sediments; enrichment increased due to anthropogenic Pb inputs at the river middle reach site since the 1990s. Sediment Pb in the geochemical fractions followed a decreasing order of reducible (47.3%) > residual (37.8%) > oxidizable (11.2%) > acid-soluble fraction (3.68%), exhibiting high mobility, further verifying the anthropogenic inputs. A descending trend in the 206Pb/207Pb ratio of the top sediments was the result of anthropogenic activities. In the present study, coal combustion, which was the major anthropogenic Pb source determined by its isotopic composition, contributed significantly (means: 18.4-60.6%) to sediment Pb based on a three end-members model. Less of a contribution (0-10.6%) was derived from vehicle exhaust. The increasing trend in the coal contribution was in accordance with that of the coal consumption in the study area. These results suggest that Pb contamination resulting from coal combustion has grown to become a major environmental issue in the study area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shaoheng Li
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhuowei Wang
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zuobing Liang
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jianyao Chen
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Bin Liang
- Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology, China National Nuclear Corporation, Beijing, 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Carrasco G, Chen M, Boyle EA, Tanzil J, Zhou K, Goodkin NF. An update of the Pb isotope inventory in post leaded-petrol Singapore environments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 233:925-932. [PMID: 29107419 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pb is a trace metal that tracks anthropogenic pollution in natural environments. Despite recent leaded petrol phase out around Southeast Asia, the region's growth has resulted in continued exposure of Pb from a variety of sources. In this study, sources of Pb into Singapore, a highly urbanised city-state situated in the central axis of Southeast Asia, are investigated using isotopic ratios and concentrations. We compiled data from our previous analyses of aerosols, incineration fly ash and sediments, with new data from analyses of soil from gas stations, water from runoff and round-island coastal seawater to obtain a spatio-temporal overview of sources of Pb into the Singapore environment. Using 206Pb/207Pb ratio, we identified three main Pb source origins: natural Pb (1.215 ± 0.001), historic/remnant leaded petrol (1.123 ± 0.013), and present-day industrial and incinerated waste (1.148 ± 0.005). Deep reservoir sediments bore larger traces of Pb from leaded petrol, but present-day runoff waters and coastal seawater were a mix of industrial and natural sources with somewhat variable concentrations. We found temporal variability in Pb isotopic ratio in aerosols indicating alternating transboundary Pb sources to Singapore that correspond to seasonal changes in monsoon winds. By contrast, seasonal monsoon circulation did not significantly influence isotopic ratios of coastal seawater Pb. Instead, seawater Pb was driven more by location differences, suggesting stronger local-scale drivers of Pb such as point sources, water flushing, and isotope exchange. The combination of multiple historic and current sources of Pb shown in this study highlights the need for continued monitoring of Pb in Southeast Asia, especially in light of emerging industries and potential large sources of Pb such as coal combustion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Carrasco
- Singapore-MIT Alliance on Research and Technology, Center of Environmental Sensing and Modeling, 1 CREATE Way, #09-03 CREATE Tower, 138602, Singapore
| | - Mengli Chen
- Singapore-MIT Alliance on Research and Technology, Center of Environmental Sensing and Modeling, 1 CREATE Way, #09-03 CREATE Tower, 138602, Singapore; Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Edward A Boyle
- Singapore-MIT Alliance on Research and Technology, Center of Environmental Sensing and Modeling, 1 CREATE Way, #09-03 CREATE Tower, 138602, Singapore; Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, E25-619, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jani Tanzil
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Kuanbo Zhou
- Singapore-MIT Alliance on Research and Technology, Center of Environmental Sensing and Modeling, 1 CREATE Way, #09-03 CREATE Tower, 138602, Singapore; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Nathalie F Goodkin
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xu Y, Sun Q, Ye X, Yin X, Li D, Wang L, Wang A, Li Y. Geochemical analysis of sediments from a semi-enclosed bay (Dongshan Bay, southeast China) to determine the anthropogenic impact and source. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 174:764-773. [PMID: 28196685 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The geochemical compositions of sediments in the Dongshan Bay, a semi-enclosed bay on the southeast coast of China, were obtained to identify pollutant sources and evaluate the anthropogenic impacts over the last 100 years. The results indicated that the metal flux had been increasing since the 1980s. Enrichment factor values (Pb, Zn and Cu) suggested only slight enrichment. The proportion of anthropogenic Pb changed from 9% to 15% during 2000-2014. Coal combustion might be an important contamination source in the Dongshan Bay. The historical variation in the metal flux reflected the economic development and urbanization in the Zhangjiang drainage area in the past 30 years. According to the Landsat satellite remote sensing data, the urbanization area expanded approximately three times from 1995 to 2010. The δ13C values (-21‰ to -23‰) of the organic matter (OM) in the sediments indicated that the OM was primarily sourced from aquatic, terrigenous and marsh C3 plants. Nitrogen was mainly derived from aquatic plants and terrigenous erosion before the 1980s. However, the total organic carbon (TOC) contents, total nitrogen (TN) contents and δ15N had been increasing since the 1980s, which suggested that the sources of nitrogen were soil erosion, fertilizer and sewage. In addition, the TOC and TN fluxes in the Dongshan Bay had significantly increased since the 1980s, which reflected the use of N fertilizer. However, the TOC and TN fluxes significantly decreased in the past decade because environmental awareness increased and environmental protection policies were implemented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghang Xu
- Laboratory of Ocean and Coast Geology, Third Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Qinqin Sun
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Coast and Island Management Technology Study, Fujian Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen, 361013, China
| | - Xiang Ye
- Laboratory of Ocean and Coast Geology, Third Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xijie Yin
- Laboratory of Ocean and Coast Geology, Third Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Dongyi Li
- Laboratory of Ocean and Coast Geology, Third Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Laboratory of Ocean and Coast Geology, Third Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Aijun Wang
- Laboratory of Ocean and Coast Geology, Third Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yunhai Li
- Laboratory of Ocean and Coast Geology, Third Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu P, Yin A, Yang X, Zhang H, Fan M, Gao C. Toxic elements in the stream sediments of an urbanized basin, Eastern China: urbanization greatly elevates their adverse biological effects. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:167. [PMID: 28315231 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-5887-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of toxic elements (Hg, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni and As) was measured in the sediments of the Qinhuai River in Eastern China along a rural to urban gradient. Multiple approaches were undertaken to evaluate the degree of enrichment and adverse biological effects of these elements. The results showed that the concentration of Hg, Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb increased exponentially from the agricultural headwater to the urbanized downstream, which reflects a severe anthropogenic influence. In addition, area-specific references, such as the local soil background (LSB) and upper continental crust (UCC) derived from the Yangtze craton, were more applicable for evaluating the enrichment of toxic elements in the Qinhuai River than was global UCC. In addition, Cd and Hg had the highest enrichment factor values (EF, with averages of 9.18 and 7.14, respectively); Zn, Pb and Cu had moderate EFs (averages from 1.52 to 2.40), while the average EFs of Ni, Cr and As were approximately equal to 1. Based on consensus-based sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), the contamination characteristics of all of the samples studied were associated with low to moderate priority of adverse biological effects (ABEs) in the rural upstream area, while it was associated with a high to moderate priority of ABEs in the urban sections of the Qinhuai River. Our results suggest that the adverse biological effects of elevated levels of toxic elements were strongly related to the degree of anthropogenic pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengbao Wu
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Aijing Yin
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Manman Fan
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chao Gao
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yu R, Hu G, Yang Q, He H, Lin C. Identification of Pb sources using Pb isotopic compositions in the core sediments from Western Xiamen Bay, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 113:247-252. [PMID: 27659269 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pb concentrations and Pb isotopic compositions (total and acid-extractable) in the core sediments collected from Western Xiamen Bay, China, were determined to investigate the Pb pollution history and trace the Pb sources. Pb concentration showed an increasing trend (from 40.3 to 64.2mgkg-1) with obvious fluctuation from 1967 to 2013, reflected by the core sediments. The enrichment factors of Pb were between 2 and 5, indicating a moderate enrichment. The relative contributions of Pb-Zn deposit and parent material to total Pb in the core sediments were 51%-62% and 38%-49%, respectively. Acid-extractable Pb isotopic signature was more sensitive than total Pb isotopic signature in identifying anthropogenic Pb sources due to the substantial variability of acid-extractable Pb isotopic ratios exhibited in the core sediments. Based on the acid-extractable Pb isotopic ratios, Pb-Zn deposit and industrial emission were regarded as the main anthropogenic Pb contributors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruilian Yu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Gongren Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Qiuli Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Haixing He
- College of Chemical Engineering and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chengqi Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang J, Chen L, Steele JC, Chen RS, Meng XZ. An extended study on historical mercury accumulation in lake sediment of Shanghai: The contribution of socioeconomic driver. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 219:612-619. [PMID: 27344088 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rapid industrialization and urbanization has caused large emission and potential contamination of mercury (Hg) in urban environment. However, little is known about the impact of socioeconomic factor on Hg accumulation in sediment. In the present study, historical record of anthropogenic Hg deposition of Shanghai was reconstructed by using three sediment cores from three park lakes (C1: Luxun Park; C2: Fuxing island Park; C3: Xinjiangwan Park). Meanwhile, the influence of socioeconomic factor to Hg emissions and sedimentary record was calculated based on an extended STIRPAT (stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence and technology) model. The profiles of Hg levels and fluxes in the three sediment cores showed that Shanghai has recently undergone urbanization. The anthropogenic Hg fluxes exhibited fluctuant increases from ∼1900 to present and accelerated after the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949 and the implementation of reform and opening up policy in 1978. The mean flux ratios of Hg in post-2000 were 2.2, 12, and 2.7 in the C1, C2 and C3 cores, respectively. The extended STIRPAT model was constructed based on strong positive relationships between socioeconomic factors and Hg fluxes, revealing that the proportion of coal consumption, the urbanization rate, and the proportion of heavy industry were the three most important driving factors for Hg accumulations in urban sediment of Shanghai.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Joshua Caleb Steele
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Security, The Biodesign Institute, Global Security Initiative and School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 781 E. Terrace Mall, Tempe 85287, USA
| | - Rui-Shan Chen
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiang-Zhou Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang Y, Cao S, Xu X, Qiu J, Chen M, Wang D, Guan D, Wang C, Wang X, Dong B, Huang H, Zhao N, Jin L, Bai Y, Duan X, Liu Q, Zhang Y. Metals compositions of indoor PM2.5, health risk assessment, and birth outcomes in Lanzhou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:325. [PMID: 27147238 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5319-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the metal compositions in indoor PM2.5 and the potential health risks they pose to residents of an urban area in China. A total of 41 and 54 households were surveyed in February and September 2013, respectively. The results showed that the indoor concentrations of metals varied depending on the types of cooking fuels used. All measured concentrations of metals were highest among households using coal for cooking. In the majority of households, non-carcinogenic risks were posed by the use of coal. The carcinogenic risks posed by chromium (VI) and arsenic were generally higher among households using coal for cooking than among those using gas or electricity. The multivariate linear regression model suggested a potential adverse effect from arsenic and cadmium on birth weight and gestational weeks. This study also found that cooking fuel was the most significant factor that contributed to the differences in concentrations of metals in indoor PM2.5 and highlighted the importance of using clean energy for cooking and heating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqun Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
- Gansu Academy of Environmental Sciences, 225 Yanerwan Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730020, China
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, LEPH 440, 60 College street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Suzhen Cao
- Department of Environmental Pollution and Health, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China, 8 Dayangfang Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiaoying Xu
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, 143 North Qilihe Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, China
| | - Jie Qiu
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, 143 North Qilihe Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, China
| | - Mingxia Chen
- Gansu Academy of Environmental Sciences, 225 Yanerwan Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730020, China
| | - Dennis Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, LEPH 440, 60 College street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Donghong Guan
- Gansu Academy of Environmental Sciences, 225 Yanerwan Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730020, China
| | - Chengyuan Wang
- Gansu Academy of Environmental Sciences, 225 Yanerwan Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730020, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Gansu Academy of Environmental Sciences, 225 Yanerwan Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730020, China
| | - Bowen Dong
- Gansu Academy of Environmental Sciences, 225 Yanerwan Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730020, China
| | - Huang Huang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, LEPH 440, 60 College street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, LEPH 440, 60 College street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Lan Jin
- Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Yana Bai
- School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Xiaoli Duan
- Department of Environmental Pollution and Health, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China, 8 Dayangfang Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, 143 North Qilihe Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, China.
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, LEPH 440, 60 College street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang R, Guan M, Shu Y, Shen L, Chen X, Zhang F, Li T. Historical record of lead accumulation and source in the tidal flat of Haizhou Bay, Yellow Sea: Insights from lead isotopes. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 106:383-387. [PMID: 26947927 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the historical records of lead contamination and source in coastal region of Haizhou Bay, Yellow Sea, a sediment core was collected from tidal flat, dated by (210)Pb and (137)Cs. Lead and its stable isotopic ratios were determined. The profiles of enrichment factor (EF) and Pb isotope ratios showed increasing trend upward throughout the core, correlating closely with the experience of a rapid economic and industrial development of the catchment. According to Pb isotopic ratios, coal combustion emission mainly contributed to the Pb burden in sediments. Based on end-member model, coal combustion emission dominated anthropogenic Pb sources in recent decades contributing from 48% to 67% in sediment. And the contribution of leaded gasoline was lower than 20%. A stable increase of coal combustion source was found in sediment core, while the contribution of leaded gasoline had declined recently, with the phase-out of leaded gasoline in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China; School of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China.
| | - Minglei Guan
- School of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Shu
- School of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liya Shen
- School of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xixi Chen
- School of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiegang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China; First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang R, Guan M, Shu Y, Shen L, Chen X, Zhang F, Li T, Jiang T. Reconstruction of historical lead contamination and sources in Lake Hailing, Eastern China: a Pb isotope study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:9183-9191. [PMID: 26832874 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The history records of lead and its stable isotopic ratios were determined in a sediment core to receive anthropogenic impacts on the Lake Hailing in eastern China. The sediment core was dated based on (210)Pb, (137)Cs, and (239+240)Pu. The historical changes of Pb/Al and Pb isotope ratios showed increasing trend upward throughout the core, suggesting changes in energy usage and correlating closely with the experience of a rapid economic and industrial development of the catchment, Linyi City, in eastern China. Based on the mixing end member model of Pb isotope ratios, coal combustion emission dominated anthropogenic Pb sources in the half part of the century contributing 13 to 43 % of total Pb in sediment. Moreover, contributions of chemical and organic fertilizer were 1-13 and 5-14 %, respectively. In contrast, the contribution of leaded gasoline was low than 8 %. The results indicated that historical records of Pb contamination predominantly sourced from coal combustion and chemical and organic fertilizer in the catchment. In addition, an increase of coal combustion source and fertilizers was found throughout the sediment core, whereas the contribution of leaded gasoline had declined after 2000s, which is attributed to the phaseout of leaded gasoline in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- School of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Minglei Guan
- School of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yujie Shu
- School of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liya Shen
- School of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xixi Chen
- School of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tiegang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Tingchen Jiang
- School of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Jiangsu Coastal Zone Enviroment, Lianyungang, 222005, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yu R, Zhang W, Hu G, Lin C, Yang Q. Heavy metal pollution and Pb isotopic tracing in the intertidal surface sediments of Quanzhou Bay, southeast coast of China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 105:416-421. [PMID: 26849914 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of 16 heavy metals and Pb isotopic ratios in the intertidal surface sediments of Quanzhou Bay were determined to study the pollution level of heavy metals and the sources of Pb. The results showed that most concentrations of Cd, Sn, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Hg, Ni, Co, Cs, Fe and V were higher than the background values, while most concentrations of Ti, Sb and Sr were lower than the background values. The mean concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr and Cd exceeded the first-grade criteria of Chinese marine sediment quality. The geo-accumulation indexes revealed that the sediments had been polluted by some heavy metals. The results of Pb isotopic tracing indicated that the total Pb in the sediments were mainly from parent material, industrial emission and vehicle exhaust with the mean contributions of 38.2%, 51.3% and 10.5%, respectively, calculated by a three-end-member model of Pb isotopic ratios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruilian Yu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Weifang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Gongren Hu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, china
| | - Chengqi Lin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiuli Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li C, Huo S, Yu Z, Guo W, Xi B, He Z, Zeng X, Wu F. Historical records of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon deposition in a shallow eutrophic lake: Impacts of sources and sedimentological conditions. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 41:261-269. [PMID: 26969073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sediment core samples collected from Lake Chaohu were analyzed for 15 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to assess the spatial and temporal distributions of the PAHs during lacustrine sedimentary processes and regional economic development. Assessing the PAH sedimentary records over an approximately 100-year time span, we identified two stages in the PAH inputs and sources (before the 1970s and after the 1970s) in the eastern lake region near a village, whereas three stages (before the 1950s, 1950s-1990s and after the 1990s) were identified in the western lake region near urban and industrial areas. Rapid increases in the PAH depositional fluxes occurred during the second stage due to increased human activities in the Lake Chaohu basin. The composition and isomeric ratios of the PAHs revealed that pyrolysis is the main source of PAHs in this lake. Strong positive relationships between PAH concentration and the total organic carbon concentration, sediment grain size (<4μm), as well as the local population and Gross Domestic Product indicated that the sedimentary conditions impact the depositional characteristics of the PAHs; simultaneously, socioeconomic activities, such as energy consumption and the levels of urban industrialization and civilization, affect both the composition and abundance of the PAHs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaocan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Shouliang Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Research Center for Ecological Engineering and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Zhuoshi He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiangying Zeng
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Lead sorptive removal using magnetic and nonmagnetic fast pyrolysis energy cane biochars. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 448:238-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
23
|
Rodríguez-Seijo A, Arenas-Lago D, Andrade ML, Vega FA. Identifying sources of Pb pollution in urban soils by means of MC-ICP-MS and TOF-SIMS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:7859-72. [PMID: 25583263 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-4027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Lead pollution was evaluated in 17 urban soils from parks and gardens in the city of Vigo (NW Spain). The Pb isotope ratios ((207)Pb/(206)Pb, (208)Pb/(204)Pb, (206)Pb/(204)Pb and (208)Pb/(206)Pb) were determined after being measured by MC-ICP-MS. The association of the isotopes ((204)Pb, (206)Pb, (207)Pb and (208)Pb) with the different components of the soil was studied using TOF-SIMS. The isotopic ranges obtained for the samples were between 1.116 and 1.203 ((206)Pb/(207)Pb), 2.044-2.143 ((208)Pb/(206)Pb), 37.206-38.608 ((208)Pb/(204)Pb), 15.5482-15.6569 ((207)Pb/(204)Pb) and 17.357-18.826 ((206)Pb/(204)Pb). The application of the three-end-member model indicates that the Pb derived from petrol is the main source of Pb in the soils (43.51% on average), followed by natural or geogenic Pb (39.12%) and industrial emissions (17.37%). The emissions derived from coal combustion do not appear to influence the content of Pb in the soil. TOF-SIMS images show that the Pb mainly interacts with organic matter. This technique contributes to the understanding of the association of anthropogenic Pb with the components of the soil, as well as the particle size of these associations, thus allowing the possible sources of Pb to be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Rodríguez-Seijo
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Seleznev AA, Yarmoshenko IV, Sergeev AP. 137Cs in puddle sediments as timescale tracer in urban environment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2015; 142:9-13. [PMID: 25615884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The (137)Cs-based chronological approach is suggested to identify the age of urban landscapes and the chronology of pollution of soil in residential areas. Three main pivot points constitute the basis of the chronological approach: beginning of the Atomic Era in 1945, the maximum input in 1963 and the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Application of (137)Cs as a timescale tracer was tested on the example of Ekaterinburg, a city in the Middle Urals region of Russia. The sampling of recent urban sediments of micro water bodies (puddles) was carried out in 210 locations in 2007-2010. The concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Mn and Fe, and activity concentrations of (137)Cs were measured. It was found that the (137)Cs concentrations in the puddle sediments correlated with the age of surrounding buildings determined by the year of construction. The correlations between the concentrations of metals and (137)Cs in the puddle sediments identified the major pollutants of the urban area, assessing their background concentrations and obtaining the average annual inputs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrian A Seleznev
- Institute of Industrial Ecology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Kovalevskoy St., 20, 620219 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Ilia V Yarmoshenko
- Institute of Industrial Ecology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Kovalevskoy St., 20, 620219 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Alexander P Sergeev
- Institute of Industrial Ecology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Kovalevskoy St., 20, 620219 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Andersson M, Eggen OA. Urban contamination sources reflected in inorganic pollution in urban lake deposits, Bergen, Norway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2015; 17:854-867. [PMID: 25765459 DOI: 10.1039/c4em00614c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The 7000 years transition from a pristine environment towards a modern city has brought a number of chemical changes and effects to urban lake sediments in Bergen. Metals, such as Pb, Hg, Zn, Cu and Fe, display a large anthropogenic influence and reflect historical point sources that existed within the drainage area from approximately AD 1790 until today. The concentration peaks alternate with intervals of lower concentration due to phases of coarser grained sediment input but also periods of potentially reduced metal influx. All discussed elements, except Cd, increase in concentration with decreasing grain size and also correlate with the amount of clay fraction particles. The results emphasize the importance of considering grain size when interpreting sediment chemistry. Correlation with TOC is not apparent in the same extent. The transition from natural to anthropogenically influenced sediments, which is characterised by a sudden increase of several elements, is accompanied by a reduction in Cd, As and Ni concentration. This is interpreted to be the result of hypoxia, changes in pH and reduced erosional input. Factor analysis and the comparison with reference sediments indicate that the elements Pb, Hg, Zn and Cu most clearly demonstrate man-made pollution. Analyses of stormwater culvert sediments suggest that urban runoff contributes to the pollution load today, with standing building mass and traffic contributing to the load.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malin Andersson
- Geological Survey of Norway (NGU), Postboks 6315 Sluppen, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sharma R, Ramteke S, Patel KS, Kumar S, Sarangi B, Agrawal SG, Lata L, Milosh H. Contamination of Lead and Mercury in Coal Basin of India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/jep.2015.612124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
27
|
Yu S, Wu Q, Li Q, Gao J, Lin Q, Ma J, Xu Q, Wu S. Anthropogenic land uses elevate metal levels in stream water in an urbanizing watershed. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 488-489:61-69. [PMID: 24815555 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Land use/cover change is a dominant factor affecting surface water quality in rapidly developing areas of Asia. In this study we examined relationships between land use and instream metal loadings in a rapidly developing mixed land use watershed in southeastern China. Five developing subwatersheds and one forested reference site (head water) were instrumented with timing- and rainfall-triggered autosampler and instream loadings of anthropogenic metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd, and Mn) were monitored from March 2012 to December 2013. Farm land and urban land were positively, and forest and green land were negatively associated with metal loadings (except Cr) in stream water. All developing sites had higher loadings than the reference head water site. Assessed by Chinese surface water quality standard (GB3830-2002), instream loadings of Cu and Zn occasionally exceeded the Class I thresholds at monitoring points within farmland dominated subwatersheds while Mn loadings were greater than the limit for drinking water sources at all monitoring points. Farm land use highly and positively contributed to statistical models of instream loadings of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Mn while urban land use was the dominant contributor to models of Pb and Cd loadings. Rainfall played a crucial role in metal loadings in stream water as a direct source (there were significant levels of Cu and Zn in rain water) and as a driver of watershed processes (loadings were higher in wet years and seasons). Urbanization effects on metal loadings in this watershed are likely to change rapidly with development in future years. Further monitoring to characterize these changes is clearly warranted and should help to develop plans to avoid conflicts between economic development and water quality degradation in this watershed and in watersheds throughout rapidly developing areas of Asia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Qian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences University, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang A & F University, 88N Ring Road, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jinbo Gao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences University, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiaoying Lin
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences University, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qiufang Xu
- Zhejiang A & F University, 88N Ring Road, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shengchun Wu
- Zhejiang A & F University, 88N Ring Road, Hangzhou 311300, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cao S, Duan X, Zhao X, Ma J, Dong T, Huang N, Sun C, He B, Wei F. Health risks from the exposure of children to As, Se, Pb and other heavy metals near the largest coking plant in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 472:1001-9. [PMID: 24345860 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Coking influences environmental quality and poses high risks to human health as large amounts of heavy metals and metalloids are emitted into the environment from coal during the coking process. Health risks depend heavily on multi-pathway and element-specific exposures, which have, unfortunately, been rarely studied. In this study, children's health risks and exposure levels to As, Se, and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Co, Zn, Cu, Mn, V and Sb) in the water, soil, dust, air and locally produced food were studied based on field sampling and questionnaire-based surveys around the largest coking area in China. Human blood samples were collected and analyzed to indicate the exposure levels. The non-carcinogenic risks to children mainly resulted from Cr, Mn, Pb, As and Sb, the levels of which were 3 to 10 times higher than the acceptable levels (1.0×10(-6)). The carcinogenic risks to children were 30 to 200 times higher than the safe level (1.0×10(-6)-1.0×10(-4)), which could be attributed to Cr, As and Ni pollution. The estimated risks mainly came from the pathway involving the ingestion of locally produced food, accounting for more than 85% in total for most elements. For As, the food ingestion and air inhalation exposure pathways both contributed approximately 50%, respectively. The high risks in this study highlight the attention paid to the health of children who live in the vicinity of coking activities and the importance of site-specific multi-pathway health risk assessments and food safety to protect potentially exposed children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzhen Cao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaoli Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Xiuge Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Ting Dong
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Chengye Sun
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Bin He
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Fusheng Wei
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing 100012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lei B, Chen L, Hao Y, Cao T, Zhang X, Yu Y, Fu J. Trace elements in animal-based food from Shanghai markets and associated human daily intake and uptake estimation considering bioaccessibility. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 96:160-7. [PMID: 23890681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of four human essential trace elements [iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr)] and non-essential elements [cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg)] in eighteen animal-based foods including meat, fish, and shellfish collected from markets in Shanghai, China, were analyzed, and the associated human daily intake and uptake considering bioaccessibility were estimated. The mean concentration ranges for eight trace elements measured in the foods were 3.98-131µgg(-1) for Fe, 0.437-18.5µgg(-1) for Mn, 5.47-53.8µgg(-1) for Zn, none detected-0.101µgg(-1) for Cr, 2.88×10(-4)-2.48×10(-2)µgg(-1) for Cd, 1.18×10(-3)-0.747µgg(-1) for Pb, none detected-0.498µgg(-1) for As, and 8.98×10(-4)-6.52×10(-2)µgg(-1) for Hg. The highest mean concentrations of four human essential elements were all found in shellfish. For all the trace elements, the observed mean concentrations are mostly in agreement with the reported values around the world. The total daily intake of trace elements via ingestion of animal-based food via an average Shanghai resident was estimated as 7371µgd(-1) for the human essential elements and 13.0µgd(-1) for the human non-essential elements, but the uptake decreased to 4826µgd(-1) and 6.90µgd(-1), respectively, after trace element bioaccessibility was considered. Livestock and fish for human essential and non-essential elements, respectively, were the main contributor, no matter whether the bioaccessibility was considered or not. Risk estimations showed that the intake and uptake of a signal trace element for an average Shanghai resident via ingestion animal-based foods from Shanghai markets do not exceed the recommended dietary allowance values; consequently, a health risk situation is not indicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingli Lei
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sun L, Zang S. Relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and particle size in dated core sediments in Lake Lianhuan, Northeast China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 461-462:180-187. [PMID: 23727602 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric particle associated with pyrogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) poses serious threats to human health by inhalation exposure, especially in semiarid areas. Hence, the distributions of PAHs and particle size in two core sediments collected from Lake Lianhuan, Northeast China were studied. The sediments were dated radiometrically, and particle size distribution and PAH concentration were evaluated and potential human health risk was assessed. From 1980 to 2007, the dominant PAHs in the two cores were 2- and 3-ring PAHs, and the concentrations of 3-6 ring PAHs gradually increased from the early 1990s. Diagnostic ratios indicated that pyrogenic PAHs were the main sources of PAHs which changed over time from combustions of wood and coal to liquid fossil fuel sources. Fine particles (<65 μm) were the predominant particle size (56-97%). Lacustrine source (with the peak towards 200-400 μm) and eolian sources derived from short (2.0-10 and 30-65 μm) and long (0.4-1.0 μm) distance suspension were indentified from frequency distribution pattern of particle size. Significant correlations between 3-6 ring PAHs (especially carcinogenic 5-6 ring PAHs) and 10-35 μm particulate fractions indicated that eolian particles played an important role in adsorbing pyrogenic PAHs. Petroleum source of PAHs was only identified during the 1980s in one core sediments, in which positive correlations between 2-ring PAHs and particulate fractions of >125 μm were found. Future research should focus on the seven carcinogenic pyrogenic PAHs due to a rapidly increasing trend since 1995 based on the assessment of toxic equivalency factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Monitoring of Geographic Environment, College of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Normal University, No. 1 South Shida Road, Limin Economic Development Zone, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150025, PR China
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li HB, Yu S, Li GL, Deng H, Xu B, Ding J, Gao JB, Hong YW, Wong MH. Spatial distribution and historical records of mercury sedimentation in urban lakes under urbanization impacts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 445-446:117-125. [PMID: 23327992 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
China is assumed one of the largest contributors to the world's total mercury (Hg) emissions, with a rapid increase in anthropogenic Hg emissions. However, little is known about Hg fate and transport in urban areas of China. In this study, total Hg contents in surface (0-5 cm) sediments from lakes in 14 parks (3 in the central urban core (CUC) area, 5 in the developed urban (DDU) area, 2 in the developing urban (DIU) area, and 4 in the suburban (SU) area) and (210)Pb-dated sediment cores from lakes in 5 parks (3 in the CUC and 2 in the DDU) in Shanghai were assessed to compare current patterns (urbanization effect) with the historical records of Hg emissions over the past century. Total Hg content in surface sediments showed a clear urbanization pattern. Dated sediment cores revealed a 2-3 fold increase in total Hg content, while Hg fluxes exponentially increased from ~1900 to present and accelerated since 1990 when China's economy and urbanization booms started. Anthropogenic Hg fluxes in post-2000 ranged from 253 to 1452 μg m(-2) yr(-1), 2-7 times greater than preindustrial (pre-1900) Hg fluxes. Total Hg and Pb contents in both surface sediments and sediment cores were highly correlated and Hg flux in sediment cores also significantly correlated with annual coal consumption in the period 1949-2008. The significant correlations suggest that coal combustion is a major source of Hg emission in Shanghai.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li HB, Yu S, Li GL, Liu Y, Yu GB, Deng H, Wu SC, Wong MH. Urbanization increased metal levels in lake surface sediment and catchment topsoil of waterscape parks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 432:202-209. [PMID: 22732164 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.05.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lake surface sediment is mainly derived from topsoil in its catchment. We hypothesized that distribution of anthropogenic metals would be homogenous in lake surface sediment and the lake's catchment topsoil. Anthropogenic metal distributions (cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)) in fourteen waterscape parks were investigated in surface sediments and catchment topsoils and possible source homogeneity was tested using stable Pb isotopic ratio analysis. The parks were located along an urbanization gradient consisting of suburban (SU), developing urban (DIU), developed urban (DDU), and central urban core (CUC) areas in Shanghai, China. Results indicated that surface lake sediments and catchment topsoils in the CUC parks were highly contaminated by the investigated anthropogenic metals. Total metal contents in surface sediment and topsoil gradually increased along the urbanization gradient from the SU to CUC areas. Generally, the surface sediments had greater total metal contents than their catchment topsoils. These results suggest that urbanization drives the anthropogenic metal enrichment in both surface sediment and its catchment topsoil in the waterscape parks. Soil fine particles (<63 μm) and surface sediments had similar enrichment ratios of metals, suggesting that surface runoff might act as a carrier for metals transporting from catchment to lake. Stable Pb isotope ratio analysis revealed that the major anthropogenic Pb source in surface sediment was coal combustion as in the catchment topsoil. Urbanization also correlated with chemical fractionation of metals in both surface sediment and catchment topsoil. From the SU to the CUC parks, amounts of labile metal fractions increased while the residual fraction of those metals remained rather constant. In short, urbanization in Shanghai drives anthropogenic metal distribution in environmental matrices and the sources were homogenous.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|