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Cao C, Wu YY, Lv ZY, Wang JW, Wang CW, Zhang H, Wang JJ, Chen H. Uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from PAH-contaminated soils to carrots and Chinese cabbages under the greenhouse and field conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 360:142405. [PMID: 38782134 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with the properties of structural stability, semi-volatility, and hydrophobicity are toxic and persistent in environments; thus, their transport and fate in agroecosystems is essential for reducing PAH accumulation in the edible parts of crops. Here, we cultivated cabbages (Brassica pekinensis L.) and carrots (Daucus carota L.) in PAH-contaminated soils under the greenhouse and field conditions. After harvesting, we observed a 9.5-46% reduction in soil ∑PAH concentrations. There were 37% of bioconcentration factors (BCFbs) > 1 and 93% of translocation factors (TFab) > 1, while low-molecular-weight (LMW) PAHs had higher BCFbs than high-molecular-weight (HMW) PAHs. The PAH concentrations showed significant and positive correlations among soils, the belowground parts, and the aboveground parts. The toxicity equivalent concentration (TEQBaP) followed the order of cabbage (greenhouse) > cabbage (field) > carrot (greenhouse) > carrot (field), suggesting potentially higher health risks in cabbage relative to carrot and vegetables under the greenhouse relative to field condition. Our study suggested growing carrots under field conditions as a management strategy for reducing the risks of vegetables grown in PAH-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Cao
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Yu-Yao Wu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Zhen-Ying Lv
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ji-Wei Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Chen-Wen Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China
| | - Jun-Jian Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Science, Clemson University, South Carolina, 29634, United States.
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Tarigholizadeh S, Sushkova S, Rajput VD, Ranjan A, Arora J, Dudnikova T, Barbashev A, Mandzhieva S, Minkina T, Wong MH. Transfer and Degradation of PAHs in the Soil-Plant System: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:46-64. [PMID: 38108272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are highly toxic, persistent organic pollutants that threaten ecosystems and human health. Consistent monitoring is essential to minimize the entry of PAHs into plants and reduce food chain contamination. PAHs infiltrate plants through multiple pathways, causing detrimental effects and triggering diverse plant responses, ultimately increasing either toxicity or tolerance. Primary plant detoxification processes include enzymatic transformation, conjugation, and accumulation of contaminants in cell walls/vacuoles. Plants also play a crucial role in stimulating microbial PAHs degradation by producing root exudates, enhancing bioavailability, supplying nutrients, and promoting soil microbial diversity and activity. Thus, synergistic plant-microbe interactions efficiently decrease PAHs uptake by plants and, thereby, their accumulation along the food chain. This review highlights PAHs uptake pathways and their overall fate as contaminants of emerging concern (CEC). Understanding plant uptake mechanisms, responses to contaminants, and interactions with rhizosphere microbiota is vital for addressing PAH pollution in soil and ensuring food safety and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Svetlana Sushkova
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Anuj Ranjan
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Jayati Arora
- Amity Institute of Environmental Science, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
| | - Tamara Dudnikova
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Barbashev
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | | | - Tatiana Minkina
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education, and Research (CHEER), The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
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3
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Tarigholizadeh S, Motafakkerazad R, Salehi-Lisar SY, Mohajel Kazemi E, Sushkova S, Minkina T. Phenanthrene uptake and translocation by Panicum miliaceum L. tissues: an experimental study in an artificial environment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:9281-9292. [PMID: 35689160 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01294-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as priority organic pollutants, are capable of accumulation in plants. Phenanthrene (Phe) is one of the most abundant low-molecular-weight PAH in the environment which is commonly used as a model PAH in many phytoremediation studies and as a representative compound for all PAHs group. This paper highlights the uptake, translocation, and accumulation of Phe by growing proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) in a pot experiment, subjected to 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 ppm of Phe treatment after 15 and 30 days. Phe naturally existed in P. miliaceum and its concentration showed a time-dependent reduction in treated plant tissues as well as in perlites. Phe concentration in shoots was higher than in roots. During the aging process, the uptake of Phe was diminished whereas translocation factor (TF) demonstrated an overall increasing trend among treatments. The shoot concentration factor (SCF) values were higher than those of root concentration factor (RCF) on both days 15 and 30 and the highest values for both parameters were achieved in 500 ppm of Phe. Both RCFs and SCFs generally tended to decrease with the increase of perlite Phe concentrations. These results suggested that Phe tended to transfer to the shoots and be metabolized there. The Phe concentration revealed a significant decline in all levels of treatment on both 15 (84 to 96%) and 30 (76 to 94%) days. Therefore, the presence of P. miliaceum was effective in promoting the phytoremediation of Phe polluted perlites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarieh Tarigholizadeh
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, 29 Bahman Boulevard, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rouhollah Motafakkerazad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, 29 Bahman Boulevard, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Seyed Yahya Salehi-Lisar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, 29 Bahman Boulevard, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Mohajel Kazemi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, 29 Bahman Boulevard, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Svetlana Sushkova
- Southern Federal University, Stachki Ave., 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Southern Federal University, Stachki Ave., 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
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Ma N, Kou L, Li S, Dai X, Meng S, Jiang L, Xue Y, Zheng J, Fu X, Wang H. Plant-soil feedback regulates the trade-off between phosphorus acquisition pathways in Pinus elliottii. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1092-1103. [PMID: 37074159 PMCID: PMC10785040 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant-soil feedback (PSF) is conventionally characterized by plant biomass growth, yet it remains unclear how PSF affects plant nutrient acquisition strategies (e.g., nutrient absorption and nutrient resorption) associated with plant growth, particularly under changing soil environments. A greenhouse experiment was performed with seedlings of Pinus elliottii Englem and conditioned soils of monoculture plantations (P. elliottii and Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook). Soil sterilization was designed to test plant phosphorus (P) acquisition strategy with and without native soil fungal communities. Soils from P. elliottii and C. lanceolata plantations were used to explore the specific soil legacy effects on two different P acquisition pathways (absorption and resorption). Phosphorus addition was also applied to examine the separate and combined effects of soil abiotic factors and soil fungal factors on P acquisition pathways. Due to diminished mycorrhizal symbiosis, PSF prompted plants to increasingly rely on P resorption under soil sterilization. In contrast, P absorption was employed preferentially in the heterospecific soil, where species-specific pathogenic fungi could not affect P absorption. Higher soil P availability diluted the effects of soil fungal factors on the trade-off between the two P acquisition pathways in terms of the absolute PSF. Moreover, P addition plays a limited role in terms of the relative PSF and does not affect the direction and strength of relative PSF. Our results reveal the role of PSF in regulating plant P acquisition pathways and highlight the interaction between mycorrhizal and pathogenic fungi as the underlying mechanism of PSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- National Ecosystem Science Data Center, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Eastern Yanqihu Campus, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 380 Huaibeizhuang, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Liang Kou
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shenggong Li
- National Ecosystem Science Data Center, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Eastern Yanqihu Campus, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 380 Huaibeizhuang, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Xiaoqin Dai
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shengwang Meng
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- National Ecosystem Science Data Center, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yafang Xue
- National Ecosystem Science Data Center, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiajia Zheng
- National Ecosystem Science Data Center, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoli Fu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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5
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Hwang JI, Kim JE. Uptake of endosulfan isomers from soils by leafy vegetable lettuce: A comparative study between model-predicted and field-experimented results. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:157056. [PMID: 35780874 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The organochlorine insecticide endosulfan has been classified as a persistent organic pollutant due to its long persistence and high toxicity, and banned in most countries. However, endosulfan residues are still detected in various environmental sites (even in non-agricultural areas) and have a likelihood to return to agricultural soils through various routes. In this study, time-dependent uptake of α- and β-isomers of endosulfan by lettuce from soils was estimated using theoretical models which include parameters describing sorption/dissipation in soil and plants, plant transpiration, root-soil transfer, and plant growth. A chemical-specific residue (CSR) model developed in a previous study was used as a sub-model to estimate the portion of endosulfan residues in soils ready to be absorbed by lettuce, and the accuracy of the CSR model was verified by properly estimating concentrations of endosulfan isomers in soils with different organic matters; a low mean deviation (18.8 %) was observed between the modeled and measured values. Modeled results of β-endosulfan using a soil-lettuce uptake model satisfactorily matched the experimentally measured results, with a moderate correlation (R2 > 0.79) and a low residual error (0.42) against a mean factor of -1.04. However, the uptake model showed the low potential to predict the soil-lettuce uptake of α-endosulfan (176.3 % mean deviation), probably due to not considering an intrinsic trait of β-isomer converting to α-isomer. Although the improvement with more sophisticated parameters is needed, the plant uptake model developed in this study could be utilized to predict soil-lettuce uptake of at least β-endosulfan and as a model template that may apply for other types of plants and contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-In Hwang
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Jang-Eok Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Neves DA, Oliveira WDS, Petrarca MH, Rodrigues MI, Godoy HT. A multivariate approach to overcome chlorophyll interferences in the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in jambu (Acmella olerarea (L.) R.K. Jansen). J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Wei B, Liu C, Bao J, Wang Y, Hu J, Qi M, Jin J, Wei Y. Uptake and distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cultivated plants around an E-waste disposal site in Southern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:2696-2706. [PMID: 32892280 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10642-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air, soil, and cultivated plants at e-waste disposal sites in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, were determined to allow PAH uptake by and distributions in plants to be investigated. The PAH distributions in air, rhizosphere soil, and surface soil were markedly different. This indicated that root morphology variations and root exudates may affect PAH compositions in soil around plants. The PAH concentrations in the plant samples were 29.7-2170 ng/g. The lowest PAH concentration was found in a peeled taproot sample. The PAH concentration gradients from the plant shoots to roots suggested that PAHs entered the plants through various pathways. The three- and four-ring PAHs were found to be absorbed more readily than the higher-molecular-weight (five- and six-ring) PAHs. This indicated that high-molecular-weight PAHs in soil can be prevented from entering plants, particularly taproots, via root exudates and the root peel. For most plants, the highest PAH concentrations were found in leaves, indicating that atmospheric deposition may strongly affect PAH concentrations in aerial plant parts. High-molecular-weight PAHs are more readily absorbed from ambient air by leaves than other parts. Lower PAH concentrations were found in fruits than other plant parts. This and the differences in PAH distributions between fruits and other aerial parts indicated that PAHs may be selectively absorbed by fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baokai Wei
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, No. 27, South Road, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chen Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, No. 27, South Road, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Junsong Bao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, No. 27, South Road, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, No. 27, South Road, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jicheng Hu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, No. 27, South Road, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Min Qi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, No. 27, South Road, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, No. 27, South Road, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yongjie Wei
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, 100012, China
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Bagheri M, Al-Jabery K, Wunsch D, Burken JG. Examining plant uptake and translocation of emerging contaminants using machine learning: Implications to food security. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 698:133999. [PMID: 31499345 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
When water and solutes enter the plant root through the epidermis, organic contaminants in solution either cross the root membranes and transport through the vascular pathways to the aerial tissues or accumulate in the plant roots. The accumulation of contaminants in plant roots and edible tissues is measured by root concentration factor (RCF) and fruit concentration factor (FCF). In this paper, 1) a neural network (NN) was applied to model RCF based on physicochemical properties of organic compounds, 2) correlation and significance of physicochemical properties were assessed using statistical analysis, 3) fuzzy logic was used to examine the simultaneous impacts of significant compound properties on RCF and FCF, 4) a clustering algorithm (k-means) was used to identify unique groups and discover hidden relationships within contaminants in various parts of the plants. The physicochemical cutoffs achieved by fuzzy logic for the RCF and the FCF were compared versus the cutoffs for compounds that crossed the plant root membranes and found their way into transpiration stream (measured by transpiration stream concentration factor, TSCF). The NN predicted the RCF with improved accuracy compared to mechanistic models. The analysis indicated that log Kow, molecular weight, and rotatable bonds are the most important properties for predicting the RCF. These significant compound properties are positively correlated with RCF while they are negatively correlated with TSCF. Comparing the relationships between compound properties in various plant tissues showed that compounds detected in the edible parts have physicochemical cutoffs that are more like the compounds crossing the plant root membranes (into xylem tissues) than the compounds accumulating in the plant roots, with clear relationships to food security. The cluster analysis placed the contaminants into three meaningful groups that were in agreement with the results of fuzzy logic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Bagheri
- Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States
| | - Khalid Al-Jabery
- Applied Computational Intelligence Laboratory, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States
| | - Donald Wunsch
- Applied Computational Intelligence Laboratory, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States
| | - Joel G Burken
- Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States.
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9
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Hwang JI, Zimmerman AR, Kim JE. Bioconcentration factor-based management of soil pesticide residues: Endosulfan uptake by carrot and potato plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 627:514-522. [PMID: 29426174 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Uptake characteristics of endosulfan (ED), including α-, β-isomers and sulfate-metabolites, from the soils by carrot and potato plants were investigated to establish a method that may be used to calculate recommended permissible soil contaminant concentrations (Cs, permissible) at time of planting so that maximum residue level (MRL) standards are not exceeded. The residues of ED were analyzed in soils treated with ED at concentrations of either 2 or 10 mg kg soil-1 and in the plants (carrots and potatoes) grown in such soils for 60-90 d. Presence of plants increased ED dissipation rates in soils in patterns that were best fit to a double-exponential decay model (R2 of 0.84-0.99). The ED uptake extent varied with type of crop, ED isomer, plant growth duration, and plant compartments. However, ED concentrations in all edible parts of crops eventually exceeded their maximum residue limits. Total ED bioconcentration factor (BCF), the ratio of soil ED concentration at planting time to that in edible part of each crop at harvest day, was found to decrease with time due to decreasing soil ED concentration and increasing plant biomass in a pattern that followed a first order kinetic model. Using this model, the Cs, permissible values, specific to the soils used in this study, were calculated to be 0.32 and 0.19 mg kg soil-1 for carrots and potatoes, respectively. The results and methods developed in this study may be utilized as a prediction tool to ensure crop safety from pesticide residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-In Hwang
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Andrew R Zimmerman
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jang-Eok Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Li R, Wang S, Wang Y, Yu K. Development of a novel methodology for in vivo quantification of N/O/S-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons located on the epidermis of mangrove roots using graphene quantum dots as a fluorescence quencher. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 127:424-428. [PMID: 29475680 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach for in vivo determination of typical N/O/S-containing PAHs located on the epidermis of mangrove roots was developed using graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as a fluorescence quencher. The decreasing fluorescence intensity from GQDs was attributed to the amount of N/O/S-containing PAHs introduced onto the epidermis of mangrove roots. The linear ranges of the proposed method were 10.3-980ngg-1, 9.5-1350ngg-1 and 7.8-1200ngg-1 for DBF, DBT and CAR located on the epidermis of K. obovata roots, respectively. This method was also shown to be valid for quantifying the N/O/S-containing PAHs on the root epidermis in the presence of heavy metal (10mmolL-1) and dissolved organic matter (1mgL-1 C). Moreover, the death rates of epidermal cells were almost unchanged (p>0.05) after acquiring the fluorescence spectra, which is superior to the previously reported LITRF method with which the cell death rates increased to 42.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilong Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Kefu Yu
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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11
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Wang Y, He J, Wang S, Luo C, Yin H, Zhang G. Characterisation and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils and plants around e-waste dismantling sites in southern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:22173-22182. [PMID: 28791539 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9830-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution due to primitive e-waste dismantling activities has been intensively investigated over the last decade in the south-eastern coastal region of China. In the present study, we investigated the distribution and composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils and plants around e-waste recycling sites in Longtang, Guangdong province, South China. The results indicated that PAH concentrations in rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil were in the range of 133 to 626 ng/g and 60 to 816 ng/g, respectively, while PAH levels in plant tissue were 96 to 388 ng/g in shoots and 143 to 605 ng/g in roots. PAHs were enriched in rhizosphere soils in comparison with non-rhizosphere soils. The concentrations of PAHs in plant tissues varied greatly among plant cultivars, indicating that the uptake of PAHs by plants is species-dependent. Different profiles of PAHs in the soil and the corresponding plant tissue implied that PAH uptake and translocation by plants were selective.The total daily intakes of PAHs and carcinogenic PAHs through vegetables at the e-waste recycling site were estimated to be 99 and 22 ng/kg/day, respectively, suggesting that potential health risks associated with the consumption of contaminated vegetables should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiexin He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shaorui Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Chunling Luo
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Hua Yin
- College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Li R, Tan H, Zhu Y, Zhang Y. The retention and distribution of parent, alkylated, and N/O/S-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the epidermal tissue of mangrove seedlings. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 226:135-142. [PMID: 28419920 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) located on the epidermal tissues showed distinctive toxic effects to root, while the retention and distribution of PAHs on mangrove seedlings poorly understood. Our results confirmed that the partition coefficients (Kf) of the PAHs retained on the epidermal tissue of mangrove roots, such as Kandelia obovata, Avicennia marina and Aegiceras corniculatum, were much higher than the Poaceae plants roots, for example wheat and maize (Wild et al., 2005). Moreover, to the parent and alkyl PAHs, a well negative correlation was observed between the surface polarity of these three species of mangrove root and the Kf values (p < 0.05). To the N/O/S containing PAHs, these relationships were not obviously due to existing of the π-π, n-π interactions and hydrogen bonding between the N/O/S-containing PAHs and epidermal tissues. The PAHs retained on these three species of mangrove root epidermal tissues formed larger clusters than that of on Poaceae plants, such as wheat and maize (Wild et al., 2005) due to the limitation of the suberization of the root exodermis and endodermis. After exposure of 30 d, rhizo- and endophytic bacteria degraded parts of the N/O/S-containing PAHs to medium-lifetime fluorescence substances. To our knowledge, this is the first time to assess the retention of PAHs on the epidermal tissue of mangrove root, which will improve our understanding of the root uptake PAHs process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science of China (Xiamen University), Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Huadong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science of China (Xiamen University), Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yaxian Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science of China (Xiamen University), Xiamen 361005, China.
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Tan H, Li R, Zhu Y, Zhang Y. In situ quantitative and visual investigation of the retention of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the root surface of Kandelia obovata using a microscopic fluorescence spectral analysis method. Talanta 2017; 167:86-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Hwang JI, Lee SE, Kim JE. Comparison of theoretical and experimental values for plant uptake of pesticide from soil. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172254. [PMID: 28212386 PMCID: PMC5315371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides that persist in soils may be taken up by the roots of plants. One way to assess plant uptake is to theoretically predict the extent of plant uptake using a mathematical model. In this study, a model was developed to predict plant uptake of pesticide residues in soils using various parameters, such as pesticide mobility within soil, plant transpiration stream, root-soil transfer rate, plant growth, and pesticide dissipation in either soils or plants. The accuracy of the model was evaluated by comparing the modeled concentrations with measured uptake concentrations of chlorpyrifos (CP) in lettuce, grown on treated soils with concentrations of approximately 10 and 20 mg kg-1 CP. Measured concentrations of CP in lettuce at 21, 30, and 40 d after planting were between the 5th and 95th percentiles of model variation. A high correlation coefficient of > 0.97 between modeled and measured concentrations was found. Coefficients of variation of mean factors to residual errors were between 25.3 and 48.2%. Overall, modeling results matched the experimental results well. Therefore, this plant uptake model could be used as an assessment tool to predict the extent of plant uptake of pesticide residues in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-In Hwang
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jang-Eok Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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