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Wang DQ, Jia SM, Liu LY, Zhang ZF, Zhu FJ, Ma WL. Pollution characteristics, source apportionment and absorption spectra of size-resolved PAHs in atmospheric particles in a cold megacity of China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134643. [PMID: 38776815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have the capability for solar radiation absorption related to climate forcing. Herein, pollution characteristics and absorption spectra of size-resolved PAHs in atmospheric particles in a cold megacity were comprehensively investigated. The mean concentrations of Σ18PAHs in all the 11 particle size ranges were 3.95 ± 4.77 × 104 pg/m3 and 2.17 ± 1.54 × 103 pg/m3 in heating period (HP) and non-heating period (NHP), respectively. Except for most PAHs with 2 and 3 benzene rings in NHP, most other PAHs showed a unimodal distribution pattern with the peak at 0.56-1.0 µm in both periods, which was caused by PAH emission sources. The PAH-related climate forcing was mainly caused by the solar radiation absorptions at ∼325 (∼330) nm and ∼365 nm. In general, the absorption intensities were higher in HP than NHP. The absorption intensity in the particle size range of 0.56-1.0 µm was the highest, and benzo[e]pyrene was the dominant contributor. In colder periods in HP, higher PAH concentrations caused more intensive PAH-related climate forcing. This study provided new insights for pollution characteristics and absorption spectra of size-resolved PAHs in atmospheric particles, which will be useful for better understanding PAH-related climate forcing.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Qi Wang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shi-Ming Jia
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin 150090, China
| | - Li-Yan Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin 150090, China
| | - Fu-Jie Zhu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wan-Li Ma
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin 150090, China.
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2
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Okeke ES, Okoye CO, Chidike Ezeorba TP, Mao G, Chen Y, Xu H, Song C, Feng W, Wu X. Emerging bio-dispersant and bioremediation technologies as environmentally friendly management responses toward marine oil spill: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 322:116123. [PMID: 36063698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Marine oil spills emanating from wells, pipelines, freighters, tankers, and storage facilities draw public attention and necessitate quick and environmentally friendly response measures. It is sometimes feasible to contain the oil with booms and collect it with skimmers or burn it, but this is impracticable in many circumstances, and all that can be done without causing further environmental damage is adopting natural attenuation, particularly through microbial biodegradation. Biodegradation can be aided by carefully supplying biologically accessible nitrogen and phosphorus to alleviate some of the microbial growth constraints at the shoreline. This review discussed the characteristics of oil spills, origin, ecotoxicology, health impact of marine oils spills, and responses, including the variety of remedies and responses to oil spills using biological techniques. The different bioremediation and bio-dispersant treatment technologies are then described, with a focus on the use of green surfactants and their advances, benefits/drawbacks. These technologies were thoroughly explained, with a timeline of research and recent studies. Finally, the hurdles that persist as a result of spills are explored, as well as the measures that must be taken and the potential for the development of existing treatment technologies, all of which must be linked to the application of integrated procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 41000, Nsukka Enugu State, Nigeria; Natural Science Unit, SGS, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 41000, Nsukka Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Charles Obinwanne Okoye
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 41000, Nsukka Enugu State, Nigeria; Biofuel Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Timothy Prince Chidike Ezeorba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 41000, Nsukka Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Guanghua Mao
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Yao Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Hai Xu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Chang Song
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China.
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China.
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3
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Wang X, Li A, Xu Q. The Association between Urinary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Metabolites and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137605. [PMID: 35805265 PMCID: PMC9265723 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered to be endocrine disruptors. In this study, the evidence on the association between PAHs and diabetes was systematically reviewed. PubMed, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science were systematically searched for studies reporting the association between PAHs and diabetes. Of the 698 articles identified through the search, nine cross-sectional studies were included. Seven were conducted in the general population and two in coke oven workers. Fixed-effects and random-effects models were used to calculate the total effect. Subgroup analysis was further carried out according to the types of PAH metabolites. The results showed that the odds of diabetes were significantly higher for the highest category of urinary naphthalene (NAP), fluorine (FLU), phenanthrene (PHEN), and total mono-hydroxylated (OH-PAH) metabolites compared to the lowest category. The pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 1.52 (95%CI: 1.19, 1.94), 1.53 (95%CI: 1.36, 1.71), 1.43 (95%CI: 1.28, 1.60), and 1.49 (95%CI: 1.07, 2.08), respectively. In coke oven workers, 4-hydroxyphenanthrene (4-OHPh) was significantly correlated with an increased risk of diabetes. Exposure measurements, outcome definitions, and adjustment for confounders were heterogeneous between studies. The results of the current study demonstrate a potentially adverse effect of PAHs on diabetes. Further mechanistic studies and longitudinal studies are needed to confirm whether PAH metabolite levels are causative, and hence associative, with increased diabetes incidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Immunologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China;
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China;
- Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Qun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China;
- Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- Correspondence:
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4
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Liu Y, Chan CK. The oxidative potential of fresh and aged elemental carbon-containing airborne particles: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:525-546. [PMID: 35333266 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00497b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Elemental carbon is often found in ambient particulate matter (PM), and it contributes to the PM's oxidative potential (OP) and thus poses great health concerns. Previous review articles mainly focused on the methodologies in evaluating OP in PM and its relationship with selected chemical constituents, including metal ions, PAHs, and inorganic species. In recent years, growing attention has been paid to the effect of atmospheric aging processes on the OP of EC-containing airborne particles (ECCAPs). This review investigates more than 150 studies concerning the OP measurements and physico-chemical properties of both fresh and aged ECCAPs such as laboratory-generated elemental carbon (LGEC), carbon black (CB), soot (black carbon), and engineered carbon-containing nanomaterials (ECCBNs). Specifically, we summarize the characteristics of water-soluble and insoluble organic species, PAHs, quinone, and oxygen-containing functional groups (OFGs), and EC crystallinity. Both water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC) contribute to the OP. Low molecular weight (MW) PAHs show a higher correlation with OP than high MW PAHs. Furthermore, oxidative aging processes introduce OFGs, where quinone (CO) and epoxide (O-C-O) increase the OP of ECCAPs. In contrast, carboxyl (-COOH) and hydroxyl (-OH) slightly change the OP. The low crystallinity of EC favors the oxygen addition and forms active OFG quinone, thus increasing the OP. More detailed analyses for the EC microstructures and the organic coatings are needed to predict the OP of ECCAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Liu
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chak K Chan
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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5
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Thepnuan D, Yabueng N, Chantara S, Prapamontol T, Tsai YI. Simultaneous determination of carcinogenic PAHs and levoglucosan bound to PM 2.5 for assessment of health risk and pollution sources during a smoke haze period. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 257:127154. [PMID: 32512328 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (cPAHs) in ambient PM2.5 and a specific molecular marker of biomass burning, levoglucosan, are used to investigate the influence on public health of biomass burning. In this work, we present an effective method for one-time analysis of cPAHs and levoglucosan by GC-MS without derivatization. The method was applied for the analysis of PM2.5 samples (64.3 ± 17.6 μg m-3, n = 57) collected during a smoke haze period in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Levoglucosan was analyzed by using both the developed method (GC-MS) and a reference method (HPAEC-PAD) for comparison. Its average concentration obtained from GC-MS (0.31 ± 0.21 μg m-3) was about 4 times less than the concentration obtained from the reference method (1.22 ± 0.76 μg m-3). Therefore, a correcting factor (CF = 4) was used as a multiplying factor, to obtain a comparative value (1.23 ± 0.86 μg m-3). The average concentration of cPAHs found in PM2.5 samples was 5.88 ± 1.97 ng m-3 with the highest value of 10.86 ng m-3 indicating medium to high cancer risk due to PAHs exposure when referring to values of toxicity equivalence and inhalation cancer risk. Diagnostic ratios of BaA/(BaA + CHR) (0.48 ± 0.04) and IND/(IND + BPER) (0.58 ± 0.04) and strong correlations between PM2.5, levoglucosan and cPAHs concentrations implied that the major source of air pollution in the study period was biomass burning. PM2.5 concentration as a pollution indicator was labelled as BB-low, BB-medium, BB-high or BB-extreme; <50, 50-75, 75-100 and > 100 μg m-3, respectively. The levoglucosan and cPAHs concentration during BB-extreme pollution was 4.3 times and 2.34 times, respectively, that during BB-low pollution, and the correlation coefficient (r) between the concentrations of levoglucosan and cPAHs was as high as 0.987, indicating that the more intense the burning of biomass, the higher the carcinogenic risk in the urban air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duangduean Thepnuan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai, 50300, Thailand
| | - Nuttipon Yabueng
- Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Somporn Chantara
- Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Environmental Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Tippawan Prapamontol
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Ying I Tsai
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 71710, Taiwan.
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6
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Jinadasa BKKK, Monteau F, Fowler SW. Review of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fish and fisheries products; a Sri Lankan perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:20663-20674. [PMID: 32266622 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are emerging as important contaminants in smoked and smoke-dried fish and fish products. The smoking techniques and different parameters contribute to the PAH load in smoked fish. This review paper provides insight into the PAHs and their sources and pathways to fish, effects on human health, smoking parameters and PAHs, regulations, available information, gaps in present knowledge, and future prospects in smoked fish from Sri Lanka. Based on the very few available research reports on PAH levels in smoked fish from Sri Lanka, it is concluded that the smoked fish are not safe for human consumption according to the regulation limits published by the European Union (EU). It is therefore important to implement proper guidelines and produce a safe product to ensure that hazards are managed as appropriate Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP). Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedigama Kankanamge Kolita Kamal Jinadasa
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory (ACL), National Aquatic Resources Research & Development Agency (NARA), 15, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
- , 52 Rue Pierre Semard, Le Blanc-Mesnil, France.
| | - Fabrice Monteau
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Residue et Contaminants dans les Aliments, Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Nantes-Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering (ONIRIS), Atlanpole-La Chantrerie, BP 50707, F-44307, Nantes, France
| | - Scott W Fowler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-5000, USA
- Institute Bobby, 8 Allée des Orangers, 06320, Cap d'Ail, France
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7
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Orona NS, Astort F, Maglione GA, Ferraro SA, Martin M, Morales C, Mandalunis PM, Brites F, Tasat DR. Hazardous effects of urban air particulate matter acute exposure on lung and extrapulmonary organs in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 190:110120. [PMID: 31896475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Air particulate matter (PM) can lead to extrapulmonary adverse reactions in organs such as liver and heart either by particle translocation from the lung to the systemic circulation or by the release of lung mediators. Young BALB/c mice were intranasal instilled with 1mg/BW of Urban Air Particles from Buenos Aires or Residual Oil Fly Ash. Histopathology, oxidative metabolism and inflammation on lungs and extrapulmonary organs and the systemic response were evaluated. Lung histophatological analysis supported the rise in the number of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage from PM-exposed animals. Also, both PM caused recruitment of inflammatory cells in the liver and heart parenchyma and IL-6 and transaminases augmentation in serum. We have shown that despite morphochemical differences, both urban air PM altered the lung and extrapulmonary organs. Therefore, exposure to urban air PM may distress body metabolism which, in turn could lead to the development and progression of multifactorial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia S Orona
- Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Centro de Estudios en Salud y Medio Ambiente, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Francisco Astort
- Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Centro de Estudios en Salud y Medio Ambiente, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo A Maglione
- Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Centro de Estudios en Salud y Medio Ambiente, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastian A Ferraro
- Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Centro de Estudios en Salud y Medio Ambiente, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Martin
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Depto. Bioquímica Clínica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celina Morales
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia M Mandalunis
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Brites
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Depto. Bioquímica Clínica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Deborah R Tasat
- Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Centro de Estudios en Salud y Medio Ambiente, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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8
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Shen R, Wang Y, Gao W, Cong X, Cheng L, Li X. Size-segregated particulate matter bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) over China: Size distribution, characteristics and health risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 685:116-123. [PMID: 31174111 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with size-segregated particulate matter at 10 sampling sites over China which can be grouped into North China and South China, including urban site, sub-urban site, farmland site and background site, from January 2013 to December 2014 were analyzed by Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry. This is the first time for comprehensive studies on the size-segregated PAHs at the national level. The spatial variations of particulate PAHs showed that Xinaghe (XH), Yucheng (YC) and Shenyang (SHY) in North China had higher particulate PAHs mass concentrations than other sampling sites. The seasonal variations of PAHs exhibited the highest mass concentrations in winter, which could be caused by the increase in emission, lower temperatures and weaker solar radiation. Particulate PAHs were found to be dominant in fine size range of <1.1 μm, the same as individual PAH compounds. The dominant species in particulate PAHs are benzo[b + k]fluoranthene (BBKF), indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IP) and benzo[g,h,i]perylene (BghiP), indicating that fossil fuel combustion could be an important source for PAHs over China. BaP, a carcinogen to humans, also had much higher mass concentrations at XH, SHY and YC in North China than other sites. Toxicity equivalent quantities (TEQ) and the lifetime excess cancer risk (ECR) analysis showed that XH, SHY and YC in North China suffered more serious health risk from PAHs than other sites. In addition, higher TEQ and higher ECR were found in the size range of <1.1 μm, indicating that finer particles are associated with higher toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuesi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Wenkang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoguang Cong
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical and Testing Center, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Linglong Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical and Testing Center, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xingru Li
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical and Testing Center, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
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9
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Wei H, Zhang Y, Song S, Pinkerton KE, Geng H, Ro CU. Alveolar macrophage reaction to PM 2.5 of hazy day in vitro: Evaluation methods and mitochondrial screening to determine mechanisms of biological effect. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:566-573. [PMID: 30870657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hazy weather in China has recently become a major public health concern due to high levels of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) with a large amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs). In this study, the mass concentration of PAHs in hazy PM2.5 in urban Taiyuan city, China was determined and toxicities of different dosage of the hazy PM2.5 on rat alveolar macrophages (AMs) were examined. It was found that the hazy PM2.5, bounded with many species of PAHs (CHR, BbF, BaP, BaA, and etc.), significantly increased cellular malondialdehyde (MDA) content followed by the decreasing in superoxide (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in AMs. They induced mitochondrial changes in ultrastructure as evidenced by mitochondrial swelling and cristae disorganization, and a dose-dependent decrease in mitochondrial profile density. Also, the mRNA expression levels of mitochondrial fusion-related genes were modified. The Mfn1 and Mfn2 which are essential for mitochondrial fusion increased significantly in hazy PM2.5-treated group compared to the control in a dose-dependent manner, OPA1 was significantly increased at the highest PM2.5 dose delivered. These findings suggested that exposure to hazy PM2.5 could activate oxidative stress pathways in AMs, resulting in abnormal mitochondrial morphology and fusion/fission frequency. Possibly, the toxic effects were mostly attributed to the high burden of varied PAHs in hazy PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Wei
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Yunyun Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Shanjuan Song
- Shanxi Academy of Environmental Research, Taiyuan 030027, Shanxi, China
| | - Kent E Pinkerton
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hong Geng
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Chul-Un Ro
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 402751, Republic of Korea
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10
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TMT-Based Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Reveals Airborne PM 2.5-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 16:ijerph16010098. [PMID: 30602677 PMCID: PMC6339163 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental studies have documented that long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) increases the risk of respiratory diseases. However, the details of the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to ambient PM2.5 (mean daily concentration ~64 µg/m³) for 12 weeks through a "real-world" airborne PM2.5 exposure system. We found that PM2.5 caused severe lung injury in mice as evidenced by histopathological examination. Then, tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling quantitative proteomic technology was performed to analyze protein expression profiling in the lungs from control and PM2.5-exposed mice. A total of 32 proteins were differentially expressed in PM2.5-exposed lungs versus the controls. Among these proteins, 24 and 8 proteins were up- and down-regulated, respectively. Gene ontology analysis indicated that PM2.5 exerts a toxic effect on lungs by affecting multiple biological processes, including oxidoreductase activity, receptor activity, and protein binding. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that extracellular matrix (ECM)⁻receptor interaction, phagosome, small cell lung cancer, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways contribute to PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Taken together, these results provide a comprehensive proteomics analysis to further understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying PM2.5-elicited pulmonary disease.
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Lyu Y, Su S, Wang B, Zhu X, Wang X, Zeng EY, Xing B, Tao S. Seasonal and spatial variations in the chemical components and the cellular effects of particulate matter collected in Northern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 627:1627-1637. [PMID: 30857121 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The health effects of airborne particulate matter (PM) are likely to be strongly influenced by its components. The relationship between the composition of PM and its biological effects has been investigated in vitro/vivo, but more studies are needed to achieve a better understanding of the relationship. Such studies are limited in Northern China, where severe air pollution causes significant health impacts. In this study, we analyzed seasonal PM10 (PM, aerodynamic diameter less than 10μm) samples from five typical cities in Northern China for their physicochemical properties and their in vitro effects on A549 (human lung epithelial cell line) and RAW264.7 (murine monocyte macrophage) cells, including cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and inflammatory effects. Principal component analysis and multiple linear regressions were used to investigate the relationship between the PM components and the cellular responses. The cellular responses of A549 cells were more closely related to the endotoxin content and the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives, while the cellular responses of RAW264.7 cells were largely related to PM10-bound metals, and the chalcophile elements (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd) were more related to the PM-induced oxidative stress, whereas the lithophile and siderophile elements (Al, Fe, Mg, Co, V, Mn, Ca) were more related to PM-induced inflammation and cytotoxicity. As PM compositions changed seasonally, more intense cellular responses were seen when A549 cells were exposed to winter samples that contained higher levels of those components. The autumn and winter samples induced higher levels of oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells, possibly due to higher contents of chalcophile elements, whereas the spring and/or summer samples were more cytotoxic and proinflammatory, possibly due to higher contents of lithophile and siderophile elements. The study suggests that the evaluation of health impacts induced by air pollution should take into account different physiochemical properties other than the mass concentration, and that public health would benefit greatly from effective, prioritized control of the sources that are the major producers of the central species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lyu
- College of Geographic and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Shu Su
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xilong Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Shu Tao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Zhang S, Li X, Xie F, Liu K, Liu H, Xie J. Evaluation of whole cigarette smoke induced oxidative stress in A549 and BEAS-2B cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 54:40-47. [PMID: 28672163 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a complex and oxidative aerosol. Previous researches on the hazards of cigarette smoke mainly focused on the adverse bioeffects induced by its condensates or gas vapor phase, which ignored the dynamic processes of smoking and the cigarette smoke aging. To overcome these disadvantages, we performed air-liquid interface exposure of whole smoke, which used native and unmodified smoke and ensured the exposure similar to physiological inhalation. Our results indicated that whole cigarette smoke induced lung epithelial cells (A549) and bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) damages in cytotoxicity assays (methyl thiazoly tetrazolium and neutral red uptake assays). In addition, A549 and BEAS-2B cells showed oxidative damages in whole smoke exposure, with concentration change of several biomarkers (reduced and oxidized glutathione, malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxyhydroxy-2-nonenal, extracellular superoxide dismutase, and 8-hydroxyl deoxyguanosine). These results indicate that whole smoke-induced oxidative stress occurs in two different kinds of cells at air-liquid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Technique Center of Tobacco Production, PingDingshanTobacco Company of Henan Tobacco Monopoly Bureau, PingDingshan 467000, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Fuwei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Kejian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jianping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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