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Gautam K, Pandey N, Yadav D, Parthasarathi R, Turner A, Anbumani S, Jha AN. Ecotoxicological impacts of landfill sites: Towards risk assessment, mitigation policies and the role of artificial intelligence. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:171804. [PMID: 38513865 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Waste disposal in landfills remains a global concern. Despite technological developments, landfill leachate poses a hazard to ecosystems and human health since it acts as a secondary reservoir for legacy and emerging pollutants. This study provides a systematic and scientometric review of the nature and toxicity of pollutants generated by landfills and means of assessing their potential risks. Regarding human health, unregulated waste disposal and pathogens in leachate are the leading causes of diseases reported in local populations. Both in vitro and in vivo approaches have been employed in the ecotoxicological risk assessment of landfill leachate, with model organisms ranging from bacteria to birds. These studies demonstrate a wide range of toxic effects that reflect the complex composition of leachate and geographical variations in climate, resource availability and management practices. Based on bioassay (and other) evidence, categories of persistent chemicals of most concern include brominated flame retardants, per- and polyfluorinated chemicals, pharmaceuticals and alkyl phenol ethoxylates. However, the emerging and more general literature on microplastic toxicity suggests that these particles might also be problematic in leachate. Various mitigation strategies have been identified, with most focussing on improving landfill design or leachate treatment, developing alternative disposal methods and reducing waste volume through recycling or using more sustainable materials. The success of these efforts will rely on policies and practices and their enforcement, which is seen as a particular challenge in developing nations and at the international (and transboundary) level. Artificial intelligence and machine learning afford a wide range of options for evaluating and reducing the risks associated with leachates and gaseous emissions from landfills, and various approaches tested or having potential are discussed. However, addressing the limitations in data collection, model accuracy, real-time monitoring and our understanding of environmental impacts will be critical for realising this potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Gautam
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, REACT Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, CRK Campus, Lucknow 226008, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Namrata Pandey
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, REACT Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, CRK Campus, Lucknow 226008, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dhvani Yadav
- Computational Toxicology Facility, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ramakrishnan Parthasarathi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Computational Toxicology Facility, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Andrew Turner
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Sadasivam Anbumani
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, REACT Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, CRK Campus, Lucknow 226008, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Awadhesh N Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
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Sales Junior SF, da Silva EO, Mannarino CF, Correia FV, Saggioro EM. A comprehensive overview on solid waste leachate effects on terrestrial organisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170083. [PMID: 38224881 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Leachate is a highly complex waste with high toxicological potential that poses a significant threat to the terrestrial environment. Determining leachate physicochemical parameters and identifying xenobiotics alone is, however, not enough to determine the real environmental impacts. In this context, the use of terrestrial model organisms has been highlighted as a tool in ecotoxicological leachate assessments and as a guiding principle in risk assessments. In this context, this review aimed to present the most current state of knowledge concerning leachate toxicity and the bioassays employed in this evaluation concerning terrestrial plants and animals. To this end, a literature search on leachate effects on terrestrial organisms was carried out using ten search terms, in 32 different combinations, at the Web of Science and Scopus databases. A total of 74 eligible articles were selected. The retrieved studies analyzed 42 different plant and animal species and employed nine endpoints, namely phytotoxicity, genotoxicity, bioaccumulation, antioxidant system, cytotoxicity, reproduction, physiological changes, behavior and lethality. A frequent association of toxic leachate effects with metals was observed, mainly Pb, Cd, Cr, Mg, Zn and Cr, which can cause antioxidant system alterations and cyto- and genotoxicity. These elements have also been associated to reproductive effects in earthworms and mice. Specifically concerning plants, most of the retrieved studies employed Allium cepa in toxicity assays, reporting phytotoxic effects frequently associated to metals and soil parameter changes. Animal studies, on the other hand, mostly employed mice and evaluated genotoxicity and antioxidant system effects. Even with the description of toxic leachate effects in both plants and animals, a lack of knowledge is still noted concerning reproductive, physiological, cytotoxic, and behavioral effects in terrestrial species. We, thus, suggest that further studies be carried out on other animals, advancing our understanding on potential environmental leachate effects, also allowing for human health risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney Fernandes Sales Junior
- Post-graduation Program in Public Health and Environment, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 1480 Leopoldo Bulhões Ave, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041-210, Brazil
| | - Evelyn Oliveira da Silva
- Post-graduation Program in Public Health and Environment, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 1480 Leopoldo Bulhões Ave, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041-210, Brazil
| | - Camille Ferreira Mannarino
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Fábio Veríssimo Correia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), 458 Pasteur Ave., 22290-20 Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Enrico Mendes Saggioro
- Post-graduation Program in Public Health and Environment, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 1480 Leopoldo Bulhões Ave, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041-210, Brazil; Environmental Health Evaluation and Promotion Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 4365 Brazil Ave, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brazil.
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Fernandes Sales Junior S, Oliveira Souza Soares L, Pinheiro Cunha D, Ernesto Taveira Parente C, Ferreira Mannarino C, Veríssimo Correia F, Mendes Saggioro E. Biomarker response index in earthworms following chronic exposure to leachate from a closed dumpsite: Behavioral, cytotoxicity and antioxidant system alterations. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119990. [PMID: 38183952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Leachate, an effluent produced during solid waste decomposition, interacts directly with soil, mainly in dumpsite areas. Studies on terrestrial animal exposure to leachate are, however, lacking. Plants are the most frequently studied organisms, while animal studies, especially earthworms, are limited. Nevertheless, ecotoxicological assessments involving earthworms are crucial due to their role in soil health and ecosystem maintenance, which are paramount in understanding potential terrestrial ecosystem leachate effects. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate behavioral effects, sublethal cytotoxicity and antioxidant system alterations in Eisenia andrei earthworms chronically exposed to leachate from a closed dumpsite. Cytotoxicity was determined by coelomocyte density, viability and cell typing, while antioxidant system alterations were assessed through superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH) and metallothionein (MT) determinations. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonylation (PTC) levels were also determined as oxidative effect markers. Finally, the Biomarker Response Index (BRI) was assessed, aiming to quantitatively integrate the results of the investigated endpoints and establish a biological health state (BHS) for each leachate concentration. Leachate exposure led to leak responses at concentrations of up to 50%, but attraction at higher concentrations. Decreased cell density (28%) was observed after 48 days and reduced viability (50%), after 14 days of leachate exposure. The observed cell typing changes indicate anti-inflammatory immune system effects. Leachate exposure led to several antioxidant system alterations, increasing SOD (2-6 %), CAT (5-35 %) and GST (5-70 %) activities and GSH (7-37%) and MT (3-67%) levels. Earthworm antioxidant defenses were, however, able to prevent lipid peroxidation, which decreased (11-37%) following leachate exposure to concentrations above 12.5%, and PTC, which increased at 42 days (26%) and reduced at 56 days (12 %). This is the first PTC assessment in leachate-exposed earthworms. The increased carbonylation levels observed after 42 days alongside MDA decreases highlight the need for further research employing oxidative effect biomarkers other than MDA. Finally, an integrated approach employing the BRI was carried out, revealing mild initial changes evolving to moderate to major effects at the highest leachate exposure concentration, with an effect attenuation detected at the end of the experiment. In this sense, this study brings forth a significant novelty, employing a biomarker previously not assessed in earthworms, demonstrating an oxidative effect, alongside the use of the BRI as an integrative tool for the endpoints applied in this assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney Fernandes Sales Junior
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lorena Oliveira Souza Soares
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública e Meio Ambiente, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Davi Pinheiro Cunha
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Ernesto Taveira Parente
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna Franca, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Camille Ferreira Mannarino
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fábio Veríssimo Correia
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública e Meio Ambiente, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biodiversidade Neotropical), Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pasteur 458, 22290-20, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pasteur, 458, 22290-20, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Enrico Mendes Saggioro
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública e Meio Ambiente, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Qian Y, Hu P, Lang-Yona N, Xu M, Guo C, Gu JD. Global landfill leachate characteristics: Occurrences and abundances of environmental contaminants and the microbiome. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132446. [PMID: 37729713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachates are complex mixtures containing very high concentrations of biodegradable and recalcitrant toxic compounds. Understanding the major contaminant components and microbial community signatures in global landfill leachates is crucial for timely decision-making regarding contaminant management and treatment. Therefore, this study analyzed leachate data from 318 landfill sites primarily used for municipal solid waste disposal, focusing on their chemical and microbiological characteristics. The most prevalent and dominant components in landfill leachates are the chemical oxygen demand (COD, 3.7-75.9 × 103 mg/L) and NH4+ (0.03-0.81 × 104 mg/L), followed by salt species such as SO42- (0.03-5.25 × 103 mg/L), Cl- (3.2-7.8 × 103 mg/L), K+ (0.58-4.20 × 103 mg/L), Na+ (1.3-13.0 × 103 mg/L) and Ca2+ (2.35-230.23 × 103 mg/L), which exhibit significant fluctuations. Heavy metals and metalloids are widely distributed in most landfill leachates but at relatively low concentrations (<182.8 mg/L) compared to conventional parameters. Importantly, there is a distinct global variation in the occurrence of emerging environmental contaminants (ECs). Among these compounds, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, 0.02-7.50 × 103 μg/L) of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), bisphenol A (BPA, 0.01-33.46 × 103 μg/L) belonged to endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), together with di-ethyltoluamide (DEET, 1.0-1.0 × 103 μg/L) affiliated to pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are the most frequently detected in landfill leachates. Additionally, the microbial community compositions in most leachates are primarily dominated by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and Chloroflexi, and some of their abundances are correlated with the concentrations of NH4+, NO3-, Cl-, Na+ and Cr. Notably, the leading microbes driving advanced removal of inorganic nitrogen in the treatment systems are Candidatus Brocadia (anammox), denitrifying Thauera, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria Nitrospira, along with ammonia-oxidizing bacteria Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira. The findings of this work provide a deeper insight into the leachate characteristics and the sustainable management of landfill leachates, especially presenting a snapshot of the global distribution of pollutants and also the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youfen Qian
- Environmental Science and Engineering Research Group, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China; Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 320003, Israel
| | - Pengfei Hu
- Environmental Science and Engineering Research Group, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China; Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 320003, Israel
| | - Naama Lang-Yona
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 320003, Israel
| | - Meiying Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Changhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150025, China
| | - Ji-Dong Gu
- Environmental Science and Engineering Research Group, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China; Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 320003, Israel; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
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Zhang Q, Lv J, He A, Cao D, He X, Zhao L, Wang Y, Jiang G. Investigation with ESI FT-ICR MS on sorbent selectivity and comprehensive molecular composition of landfill leachate dissolved organic matter. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 243:120359. [PMID: 37499543 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Molecular characterization of landfill leachate dissolved organic matter (LDOM) is essential for developing effective processing techniques. However, the molecular selectivity of extraction method and ionization modes often leads to the bias of molecular characterization of LDOM. Here, seven representative sorbents were selected and electrospray ionization negative ion mode (ESI (-)) and positive ion mode (ESI (+)) Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) were used to investigate the molecular composition of different LDOM samples. Obvious sorbent selectivity during extraction procedure was observed, resulting in the underestimation of molecular diversity of LDOM from 32.7% to 69.3%. Totally, 14,000-18,000 unique molecules were obtained in a single sample, indicating the unprecedented molecular diversity of LDOM. Lignins, proteins and lipids are three major molecular groups in LDOM, and N or S containing molecules occupied 83%. Although much of total organic carbon was removed during biochemical treatment process, the molecular diversity of LDOM was not reduced because a considerable of bio-recalcitrant molecules was produced. The results uncover the sorbents selectivity and ionization modes selectivity in LDOM analysis and provided a comprehensive change of LDOM molecular composition during biochemical treatment, which benefits the development of accurate methods to remove organic carbon in landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiurui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jitao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Anen He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaosong He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Lixia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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He H, Zhang C, Yang X, Huang B, Zhe J, Lai C, Liao Z, Pan X. The efficient treatment of mature landfill leachate using tower bipolar electrode flocculation-oxidation combined with electrochemical biofilm reactors. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 230:119544. [PMID: 36603307 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mature landfill leachate contains high concentrations of organic and inorganic compounds that inhibit the performance of conventional biological treatment. Nowadays, few single treatment techniques could fulfill the requirements of cleaning mature landfill leachate. In this study, a tower bipolar electrode flocculation-oxidation (BEF-O) reactor and an electrochemical biofilm reactor (EBR) combine device was constructed to effectively treat mature landfill leachate. And the removal efficiency and mechanism of various pollutants using the BEF-O reactor were investigated. The BEF-O system with the current density of 100 mA/cm2 shows excellent treatment efficiency, which can roundly remove most pollutants (NH4+-N, COD and heavy metals, etc.), and increase the bioavailability of the effluent to facilitate subsequent EBR treatment. Benefiting from the metabolic stimulation and population selection effect of electric current on microorganisms, EBR has a denser biofilm, stronger anti-pollution load capacity, superior, and stable pollution treatment efficiency. More importantly, the combined device can reduce the concentrations of COD and NH4+-N from 6410 to 338 mg/L and 4065 to 4 mg/L, respectively, and has an economical energy consumption of 32.02 kWh/(kg COD) and 54.04 kWh/ (kg NH4+-N). To summarize, this research could provide an innovative and industrial application prospect technology for the mature landfill leachate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan He
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Bin Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control in Soils, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Jiangyun Zhe
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chaochao Lai
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhicheng Liao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control in Soils, Kunming 650500, China
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Celine M, Sharif J, Maria K, El Rahman HA, Myriam L, Myriam G, Anthony O, Rachid A, Milad F. First assessment of microplastics in offshore sediments along the Lebanese coast, South-Eastern Mediterranean. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 186:114422. [PMID: 36529015 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Few studies on microplastics (MPs) in the marine environment have been conducted along the Eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea and even fewer along the Lebanese coast. This study aims to determine MPs contamination for the first-time in coastal and continental shelf sediments collected along the Lebanese shores, South-Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Sediments were collected as transects in 10 sites with a total of 23 samples between 2 and 120 m depth and suspected MPs were assessed by moving farther from land-based sources. Microplastics concentrations ranged between 0 and 4500 MPs/kg of dry sediment (1126 ± 1363 MPs/kg). Polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate and polystyrene were the polymers identified on micro-Raman. Coastal landfills and raw sewage effluents were identified as the main sources and routes for MPs into the Lebanese coastal marine environment. This study serves as the first database reporting MPs in continental shelf sediments in the South-Eastern Mediterranean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfouz Celine
- National Council for Scientific Research, CNRS-L, National Centre for Marine Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jemaa Sharif
- National Council for Scientific Research, CNRS-L, National Centre for Marine Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kazour Maria
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hassoun Abed El Rahman
- National Council for Scientific Research, CNRS-L, National Centre for Marine Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon; GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Marine Biogeochemistry, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lteif Myriam
- National Council for Scientific Research, CNRS-L, National Centre for Marine Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghsoub Myriam
- National Council for Scientific Research, CNRS-L, National Centre for Marine Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ouba Anthony
- National Council for Scientific Research, CNRS-L, National Centre for Marine Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amara Rachid
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, CNRS, Univ. Lille, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Wimereux, France
| | - Fakhri Milad
- National Council for Scientific Research, CNRS-L, National Centre for Marine Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Junior SFS, Mannarino CF, de Farias Araújo G, Bila DM, Hauser-Davis RA, Saint'Pierre T, da Costa GL, Oliveira MME, Parente CET, Correia FV, Saggioro EM. A comprehensive assessment of leachate contamination at a non-operational open dumpsite: mycoflora screening, metal soil pollution indices, and ecotoxicological risks. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:243. [PMID: 36576602 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10885-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The final disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) in dumpsites is still a reality worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries, leading to leachate-contaminated zones. Therefore, the aim of this study was to carry out soil and leachate physicochemical, microbiological, and toxicological characterizations from a non-operational dumpsite. The L-01 pond samples presented the highest physicochemical parameters, especially chloride (Cl; 4101 ± 44.8 mg L-1), electrical conductivity (EC; 10,452 ± 0.1 mS cm-1), and chemical oxygen demand (COD; 760 ± 6.6 mg L-1) indicating the presence of leachate, explained by its close proximity to the landfill cell. Pond L-03 presented higher parameters compared to pond L-02, except for N-ammoniacal and phosphorus levels, explained by the local geological configuration, configured as a slope from the landfill cell towards L-03. Seven filamentous and/or yeast fungi genera were identified, including the opportunistic pathogenic fungi Candida krusei (4 CFU) in an outcrop sample. Regarding soil samples, Br, Se, and I were present at high concentrations leading to high soil contamination (CF ≤ 6). Pond L-02 presented the highest CF for Br (18.14 ± 18.41 mg kg-1) and I (10.63 ± 3.66 mg kg-1), while pond L-03 presented the highest CF for Se (7.60 ± 1.33 mg kg-1). The most severe lethal effect for Artemia salina was observed for L-03 samples (LC50: 79.91%), while only samples from L-01 were toxic to Danio rerio (LC50: 32.99%). The highest lethality for Eisenia andrei was observed for L-02 samples (LC50: 50.30%). The applied risk characterization indicates high risk of all proposed scenarios for both aquatic (RQ 375-909) and terrestrial environments (RQ > 1.4 × 105). These findings indicate that the investigated dumpsite is contaminated by both leachate and metals, high risks to living organisms and adjacent water resources, also potentially affecting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney Fernandes Sales Junior
- Post-Graduation Program in Public Health and Environment, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 1480 Leopoldo Bulhões Ave, 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Environmental Health Evaluation and Promotion Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 4365 Brasil Ave, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Camille Ferreira Mannarino
- Sanitation and Environment Health Department, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 1480 Leopoldo Bulhões Ave, 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriel de Farias Araújo
- Post-Graduation Program in Public Health and Environment, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 1480 Leopoldo Bulhões Ave, 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Environmental Health Evaluation and Promotion Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 4365 Brasil Ave, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniele Maia Bila
- Department of Sanitary and Environment Engineering, State University of Rio de Janeiro, 524 São Francisco Xavier Street, Room 5029-F, 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Environmental Health Evaluation and Promotion Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 4365 Brasil Ave, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Saint'Pierre
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Marquês de São Vicente Street, 225, 22541-041, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gisela Lara da Costa
- Laboratory of Taxonomy, Biochemistry and Bioprospecting of Fungi, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 4365 Brasil Ave, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Manoel Marques Evangelista Oliveira
- Laboratory of Taxonomy, Biochemistry and Bioprospecting of Fungi, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 4365 Brasil Ave, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Ernesto Taveira Parente
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho s/n, Bloco G0, Sala 60, Subsolo, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Fábio Veríssimo Correia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, 458 Pasteur Ave, 22290-20, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Enrico Mendes Saggioro
- Post-Graduation Program in Public Health and Environment, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 1480 Leopoldo Bulhões Ave, 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- Environmental Health Evaluation and Promotion Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 4365 Brasil Ave, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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9
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Villamizar S, Maturana Cordoba A, Soto J. Leachate decontamination through biological processes coupled to advanced oxidation: A review. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2022; 72:1341-1365. [PMID: 34569916 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2021.1985012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The landfill leachate is considered a toxic effluent composed of recalcitrant contaminants that requires innovative alternatives for its decontamination. Coupling between advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and aerobic biological treatments are highlighted in this research. Therefore, a bibliographic review of the research made from 2010 to 2021 was developed. These combined alternatives were applied in leachates, and it is oriented toward the analysis of knowledge gaps, trends, and future proposals of the treatment combined that contribute to researchers who wish to work on the subject. These kinds of treatments were chosen due to a bibliometric analysis made. Also, the information was searched in several scientific database. This work was found to be unpublished, as no reviews were found so far that agglomerate studies of coupling between photocatalytic and aerobic biological processes to treat leachates. Besides, AOPs are ideal for treating wastewater of complex composition, however, when it is used as the only treatment, they are usually unprofitable, which justifies their coupling with biological treatments. Subsequently, it was determined that the knowledge main gap is the lack of documentation of treatment costs, which makes it difficult to implement on a real scale. In addition to this, the couplings trends are toward doping with metallic and nonmetallic ions of the catalyst used in the photocatalytic process to improve the efficiency of these. Finally, future research should work on finding alternatives that allow the optimization of the resources used in the combined systems and on promoting the recovery of existing products in the leachate.Implications: Leachates generate several environmental impacts due to their toxic composition. Even when coupling between heterogeneous photocatalysis and biologic treatment can solve them, issues like cost analysis and the scaling-up factor have not been developed, and futures researchers should work on that. Besides, the trend founded in almost all investigations was the catalyst doping with metals and nonmetals ions, particularly when they use TiO2 because it gives the possibility of improving efficiencies just with a structural variation. Finally, these treatment combinations require more analyses and comparison of their remotion over emerging pollutants and their performance with new designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Villamizar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering - Institute of Hydraulic and Environmental Studies IDEHA, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Aymer Maturana Cordoba
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering - Institute of Hydraulic and Environmental Studies IDEHA, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Joseph Soto
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering - Institute of Hydraulic and Environmental Studies IDEHA, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
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10
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Alimba CG, Sivanesan S, Krishnamurthi K. Mitochondrial dysfunctions elicited by solid waste leachates provide insights into mechanisms of leachates induced cell death and pathophysiological disorders. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136085. [PMID: 36007733 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Emissions (mainly leachates and landfill gases) from solid waste facilities are laden with mixtures of dangerous xenobiotics implicated with significant increase in various pathophysiological disorders including cancer, and eventual mortality of exposed wildlife and humans. However, the molecular mechanisms of solid waste leachates induce pathophysiological disorders and cell death are still largely unknown. Although, evolving evidence implicated generation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress as the possible mechanism. Recent scientific reports are linking reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunctions as the player mechanism in pathophysiological disorder and apoptosis induced by xenobiotics in solid waste leachates. This systematic review presents an explicit discussion of recent scientific findings on the structural and functional alterations in mitochondria induced by solid waste leachates as the molecular mechanisms plausibly responsible for the pathophysiological disorders, cancer and cell death reported in landfill toxicology and epidemiological studies. This review aims to increase scientific understanding on solid waste leachate induced mitochondria dysfunctions as the key player in molecular mechanisms of solid waste induced toxicity. The findings in this review were mainly from using primary cells, cell lines, Drosophila and fish. Whether the findings will similarly be observed in mammalian test systems in vivo and particularly in exposed humans, remained to be investigated. Improvement in technological advancements, enforcement of legislation and regulations, and creation of sophisticated health surveillance against exposure to solid waste leachates, will expectedly mitigate human exposure to solid waste emissions and contamination of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chibuisi Gideon Alimba
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Technical University of Dortmund, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Saravanadevi Sivanesan
- Health and Toxicity Cell (HTC), CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India; Academy of Scientific, Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P, India
| | - Kannan Krishnamurthi
- Health and Toxicity Cell (HTC), CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India; Academy of Scientific, Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P, India.
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11
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Siddiqua A, Hahladakis JN, Al-Attiya WAKA. An overview of the environmental pollution and health effects associated with waste landfilling and open dumping. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:58514-58536. [PMID: 35778661 PMCID: PMC9399006 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21578-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Landfilling is one of the most common waste management methods employed in all countries alike, irrespective of their developmental status. The most commonly used types of landfills are (a) municipal solid waste landfill, (b) industrial waste landfill, and (c) hazardous waste landfill. There is, also, an emerging landfill type called "green waste landfill" that is, occasionally, being used. Most landfills, including those discussed in this review article, are controlled and engineered establishments, wherein the waste ought to abide with certain regulations regarding their quality and quantity. However, illegal and uncontrolled "landfills" (mostly known as open dumpsites) are, unfortunately, prevalent in many developing countries. Due to the widespread use of landfilling, even as of today, it is imperative to examine any environmental- and/or health-related issues that have emerged. The present study seeks to determine the environmental pollution and health effects associated with waste landfilling by adopting a desk review design. It is revealed that landfilling is associated with various environmental pollution problems, namely, (a) underground water pollution due to the leaching of organic, inorganic, and various other substances of concern (SoC) contained in the waste, (b) air pollution due to suspension of particles, (c) odor pollution from the deposition of municipal solid waste (MSW), and (d) even marine pollution from any potential run-offs. Furthermore, health impacts may occur through the pollution of the underground water and the emissions of gases, leading to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects of the exposed population living in their vicinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Siddiqua
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - John N Hahladakis
- Waste Management (FEWS) Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Wadha Ahmed K A Al-Attiya
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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12
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Environmental Hazards of an Unrecultivated Liquid Waste Disposal Site on Soil and Groundwater. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Disposal sites without adequate engineering controls pose a significant risk to the environment. In the present study, the environmental hazards of an abandoned and unrecultivated liquid waste disposal are investigated with a special focus on soil and shallow groundwater contamination. After a period of operation from 1994 to 2010, when the wastewater collection of the municipality was regulated, the disposal site was subsequently decommissioned without further action. Eight monitoring wells have been established in the disposal basins and in the surrounding area to determine the contamination of the site. Sampling took place in the summers of 2020 and 2021. The results of the analysis of the soil and water samples collected showed a high level of contamination in the area. In the borehole profile of the infiltration basin, a well-developed leachate nitrate profile was observed, with a concentration above 3000 mg/kg NO3−. The soil phosphate content was also significant, with a value of over 1900 mg/kg in the upper 40 cm layer. Extremely high concentrations of ammonium (>45 mg/L) and organic matter (>90 mg/L) were detected in the groundwater of the basins, indicating that contaminated soil remains a major source of pollutants more than 10 years after closure. For all micro- and macroelements present in detectable concentrations, a significant increase was observed in the infiltration basin. Our results have revealed that the surroundings are also heavily contaminated. NO3− concentrations above the contamination limit were measured outside the basins. Recultivation of liquid waste disposal sites of similar characteristics is therefore strongly recommended.
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13
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Alimba CG, Rudrashetti AP, Sivanesan S, Krishnamurthi K. Landfill soil leachates from Nigeria and India induced DNA damage and alterations in genes associated with apoptosis in Jurkat cell. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:5256-5268. [PMID: 34417692 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15985-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Landfill soil leachates, containing myriad of xenobiotics, increase genotoxic and cytotoxic stress-induced cell death. However, the underlying mechanism involved in the elimination of the damaged cells is yet to be fully elucidated. This study investigated the apoptotic processes induced in lymphoma (Jurkat) cells by landfill soil leachates from Olusosun (OSL, Nigeria) and Nagpur (NPL, India). Jurkat was incubated with sub-lethal concentrations of OSL and NPL for 24 h and analyzed for DNA fragmentation and apoptosis using agarose gel electrophoresis and Hoechst 33258-PI staining, respectively. Complementary DNA expression profiling of some pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes regulating apoptosis was also analyzed using real-time PCR (RT-PCR) method. Agarose gel electrophoresis revealed DNA fragmentations in OSL and NPL-treated cells. Hoecsht-33258 - Propidium Iodide (PI) based apoptotic analysis confirmed apoptotic cell death in exposed Jurkat. RT-PCR analysis revealed different fold changes in the pro- and anti-apoptotic genes in OSL and NPL-treated Jurkat. There was significant increase in fold change of the up-regulated genes; apoptosis inducing factor mitochondrion-associated 2 (AIFM2), Fas-associated death domain (FADD), Caspase-2, Caspase-6, BH3 interacting domain death agonist (BID), tumor suppressor (p53), and BCL2 associated agonist of cell death (BAD) and down-regulation of apoptosis inhibitor 5 (API5). Results suggest that OSL and NPL elicited genotoxic stress-related apoptosis in Jurkat. The dysregulation in the expression of genes involved in apoptotic processes in wildlife and human exposed to landfill emissions may increase aetiology of various pathological diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chibuisi G Alimba
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Technical University of Dortmund, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Ashwinkumar P Rudrashetti
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomic Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Saravanadevi Sivanesan
- Health and Toxicity Cell (HTC), CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
- Academy of Scientific, Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P., India
| | - Kannan Krishnamurthi
- Health and Toxicity Cell (HTC), CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India.
- Academy of Scientific, Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P., India.
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14
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Sales Junior SF, Costa Amaral IC, Mannarino CF, Hauser-Davis RA, Correia FV, Saggioro EM. Long-term landfill leachate exposure modulates antioxidant responses and causes cyto-genotoxic effects in Eisenia andrei earthworms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117351. [PMID: 34000669 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is estimated that approximately 0.4% of the total leachate produced in a landfill is destined for treatment plants, while the rest can reach the soil and groundwater. In this context, this study aimed to perform leachate toxicity evaluations through immune system cytotoxic assessments, genotoxic (comet assay) appraisals and antioxidant system (superoxide dismutase - SOD; catalase - CAT, glutathione-S-transferase - GST; reduced glutathione - GSH and metallothionein - MT) evaluations in Eisenia andrei earthworms exposed to a Brazilian leachate for 77 days. The leachate sample contained high organic matter (COD - 10,630 mg L-1) and ammoniacal nitrogen (2398 mg L-1), as well as several metals, including Ca, Cr, Fe, Mg, Ni and Zn. Leachate exposure resulted in SOD activity alterations and increased CAT activity and MT levels. Decreased GST activity and GSH levels were also observed. Antioxidant system alterations due to leachate exposure led to increased malondialdehyde levels as a result of lipid peroxidation after the 77 day-exposure. An inflammatory process was also observed in exposed earthworms, evidenced by increased amoebocyte density, and DNA damage was also noted. This study demonstrates for the first time that sublethal effect assessments in leachate-exposed earthworms comprise an important tool for solid waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney Fernandes Sales Junior
- Center of Studies on Worker's Health and Human Ecology, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabele Campos Costa Amaral
- Center of Studies on Worker's Health and Human Ecology, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Camille Ferreira Mannarino
- Sanitation and Environment Health Department, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio Veríssimo Correia
- UNIRIO,Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, 22290-20, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Enrico Mendes Saggioro
- Center of Studies on Worker's Health and Human Ecology, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Sanitation and Environment Health Department, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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15
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Ré A, Rocha AT, Campos I, Keizer JJ, Gonçalves FJM, Oliveira H, Pereira JL, Abrantes N. Cytotoxic effects of wildfire ashes: In-vitro responses of skin cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117279. [PMID: 33971424 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wildfires are a complex environmental problem worldwide. The ashes produced during the fire bear metals and PAHs with high toxicity and environmental persistence. These are mobilized into downhill waterbodies, where they can impair water quality and human health. In this context, the present study aimed at assessing the toxicity of mimicked wildfire runoff to human skin cells, providing a first view on the human health hazardous potential of such matrices. Human keratinocytes (HaCaT) were exposed to aqueous extracts of ashes (AEA) prepared from ash deposited in the soil after wildfires burned a pine or a eucalypt forest stand. Cytotoxicity (MTT assay) and changes in cell cycle dynamics (flow cytometry) were assessed. Cell viability decreased with increasing concentrations of AEA, regardless of the ash source, the extracts preparation method (filtered or unfiltered to address the dissolved or the total fractions of contaminants, respectively) or the exposure period (24 and 48 h). The cells growth was also negatively affected by the tested AEA matrices, as evidenced by a deceleration of the progress through the cell cycle, namely from phase G0/G1 to G2. The cytotoxicity of AEA could be related to particulate and dissolved metal content, but the particles themselves may directly affect the cell membrane. Eucalypt ash was apparently more cytotoxic than pine ash due to differential ash metal burden and mobility to the water phase. The deceleration of the cell cycle can be explained by the attempt of cells to repair metal-induced DNA damage, while if this checkpoint and repair pathways are not well coordinated by metal interference, genomic instability may occur. Globally, our results trigger public health concerns since the burnt areas frequently stand in slopes of watershed that serve as recreation sites and sources of drinking water, thus promoting human exposure to wildfire-driven contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ré
- CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Isabel Campos
- CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jan Jacob Keizer
- CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernando J M Gonçalves
- CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Helena Oliveira
- CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Luísa Pereira
- CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Nelson Abrantes
- CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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16
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Jabłońska-Trypuć A, Wydro U, Wołejko E, Pietryczuk A, Cudowski A, Leszczyński J, Rodziewicz J, Janczukowicz W, Butarewicz A. Potential toxicity of leachate from the municipal landfill in view of the possibility of their migration to the environment through infiltration into groundwater. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:3683-3698. [PMID: 33675453 PMCID: PMC8405471 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00867-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Leachate from landfills is a product of complex biological and physicochemical processes occurring during waste storage. In the present study, the toxicity of landfill leachate (LL) to human and bacterial cells was investigated for better understanding of LL environmental toxicity. Studies regarding LL physicochemical properties and cytotoxicity analysis were conducted. In Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, fibroblasts and melanoma A-375 cells, cell viability assays were applied. For the determination of LL antibacterial activity, twofold dilution series of LL were prepared in the range from 50% to 0.1% (50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.13%, 1.56%, 0.78%, 0.39%, 0.2%, 0.1%). Human cells viability was examined at LL concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30%. ROS (reactive oxygen species) content and apoptosis level were also measured in bacterial and human cells under the influence of LL. Unexpectedly obtained results indicate stimulation of bacterial viability by LL. Fibroblasts under the influence of LL showed decrease in their viability and increase in apoptosis level and A-375 melanoma cells showed an increase in relative viability and decrease in apoptosis. ROS level in bacterial cells was elevated in higher LL concentrations and decreased in lower LL concentrations. In human cells, ROS content was rather high in both tested cell lines. Presented results indicate cytotoxic potential of analyzed LL and the necessity of LL monitoring because it may pose a health hazard for exposed human populations and the whole human environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Jabłońska-Trypuć
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Białystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Urszula Wydro
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Białystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351, Białystok, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wołejko
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Białystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Pietryczuk
- Department of Water Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J Street, 15-245, Białystok, Poland
| | - Adam Cudowski
- Department of Water Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J Street, 15-245, Białystok, Poland
| | - Jacek Leszczyński
- Department of Environmental Engineering Technology and Systems, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Białystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351, Białystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Rodziewicz
- Department of Environment Engineering, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska Street 117a, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Wojciech Janczukowicz
- Department of Environment Engineering, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska Street 117a, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Andrzej Butarewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Białystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351, Białystok, Poland
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17
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Alimba CG, Adewumi OO, Binuyo OM, Odeigah PGC. Wild black rats (Rattus rattus Linnaeus, 1758) as zoomonitor of genotoxicity and systemic toxicity induced by hazardous emissions from Abule Egba unsanitary landfill, Lagos, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10603-10621. [PMID: 33098559 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wild black rats (Rattus rattus) inhabiting Abule Egba landfill (AEL) were used as zoomonitor to assess health risk associated with exposure to hazardous chemicals from landfills. Twenty five R. rattus (16♂ and 9♀) captured within AEL and 15 (9♂ and 6♀) (control) caught from Iyano Ipaja (10 km away from AEL) were examined for bone marrow micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) and polychromatic erythrocytes/normochromatic erythrocytes (PCE/NCE) ratio, abnormal sperm morphology, alterations in hematological indices and erythrocyte morphology, and histopathology of the viscera using standard protocols. There was significant (p < 0.05) increase in MNPCE but decrease PCE/NCE ratio in bone marrow cells of exposed rats than the reference site. MNPCE was insignificantly higher in male than females. Cauda epididymal sperms from exposed rats showed significant high frequency of teratozoospermia. Erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentrations, percentage hematocrits, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations, leucocyte count, and lymphocytes decreased while mean corpuscular volume, neutrophils, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin increased in the exposed rats compared to the control. Also, abnormal erythrocyte morphology: acanthocytes, codocytes (target cells), schizocytes, and tear drops significantly increased in the exposed rats. Marginal sexual dimorphism was observed between males and females in the incidence of hematological indices. Histopathological lesions including interstitial edema, hemorrhage, lymphoid depletion, cellular infiltrations, proliferation of the alveolar pneumocytes, necrosis, tissue degeneration, and reduced germinal epithelium were observed in the testes, liver, lungs, heart, kidney, and spleen from the exposed rats compared to the control. Some physicochemicals and metals analyzed in leachates from the landfill are capable of inducing genome instability and systemic toxicity in the exposed rats. Rattus rattus exposed to hazardous chemicals from AEL harbored somatic and germ cell mutations, and tissue damage compared to the control rats. We suggest that R. rattus are useful sentinel for genotoxicity and system toxicity assessment of landfill-polluted sites.Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chibuisi G Alimba
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Technical University of Dortmund, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Olusoji O Adewumi
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria
- Biology Unit, Distance Learning Institute, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Olufisayo M Binuyo
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Peter G C Odeigah
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria
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18
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Khalil C, Chahine JB, Haykal T, Al Hageh C, Rizk S, Khnayzer RS. E-cigarette aerosol induced cytotoxicity, DNA damages and late apoptosis in dynamically exposed A549 cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:127874. [PMID: 33297006 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the acute toxicological impacts associated with electronic cigarettes consumption were determined using a novel dynamic exposure methodology. The methodology was deployed to test various e-cigarette generated aerosols in A549 cell cultures. The e-liquid chemical profiling was achieved using GC-MS analysis while toxicity of diluted e-liquids aerosols was reported using numerous cytotoxicity assays. The presented findings pointed to acute aerosol exposure (thirty puffs at 40 W of power and higher) inducing significant cytotoxic, genotoxic, and apoptotic induction in exposed cells. These findings highlighted the significant risks posed by e-cigarette usage. The proposed methodology proved to be a useful tool for future screening of e-liquids generated aerosols toxicity. Future research is needed to establish the chronic toxicity resulting from long-term e-cigarette consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Khalil
- School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University (LAU), Byblos, Lebanon; Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut, 1102-2801, Lebanon.
| | - Joe Braham Chahine
- School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University (LAU), Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Tony Haykal
- School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University (LAU), Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Cynthia Al Hageh
- School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University (LAU), Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Sandra Rizk
- School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University (LAU), Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Rony S Khnayzer
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut, 1102-2801, Lebanon
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19
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Abi-Gerges A, Dagher-Hamalian C, Abou-Khalil P, Chahine JB, Hachem P, Khalil C. Evaluation of waterpipe smoke toxicity in C57BL/6 mice model. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2020; 63:101940. [PMID: 32889155 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2020.101940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Waterpipe smoking is a popular pastime worldwide with statistics pointing to an alarming increase in consumption. In the current paper, the evaluation of sub-chronic waterpipe smoke exposure was undertaken using C57BL/6 female mice using a dynamic exposure setting to emulate smoke exposure. Mice were daily subjected to either one (single exposure, SE) or two sessions (double exposure, DE) of waterpipe-generated smoke (two-apple flavor) for a period of two months. Although lungs histopathological examination pointed to a minor inflammation in smoke-exposed mice compared to control air-exposed (CON) group, the lung weights of the waterpipe-exposed mice were significantly higher (+72% in SE and +39% in DE) (p < 0.01) when compared to CON group. Moreover, changes in the protein expression of several proteins such as iNOS and JNK were noted in the lungs of smoke-exposed mice. However, no changes in p38 and EGFR protein levels were noted between the three groups of mice. Our results mainly showed a significant increase in urea serum levels (+28%) in SE mice along with renal pathological damage in both SE and DE mice compared to CON. Additionally, severe significant DNA damages (p < 0.05) were reported in the lungs, kidneys, bone marrow and liver of waterpipe-exposed animals, using MTS and COMET assays. These findings highlighted the significant risks posed by sub-chronic waterpipe smoke exposure in the selected animal model and the pressing need for future better management of waterpipe indoor consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniella Abi-Gerges
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Carole Dagher-Hamalian
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Pamela Abou-Khalil
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Joe Braham Chahine
- School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Pia Hachem
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Christian Khalil
- School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
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20
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Bechnak L, Khalil C, Kurdi RE, Khnayzer RS, Patra D. Curcumin encapsulated colloidal amphiphilic block co-polymeric nanocapsules: colloidal nanocapsules enhance photodynamic and anticancer activities of curcumin. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:1088-1098. [PMID: 32638825 DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00032a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin-based novel colloidal nanocapsules were prepared from amphiphilic poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (F108). These colloidal nanocapsules appeared as spherical particles with size ranging between 270 and 310 nm. Curcumin fluorescence spectra exhibited an aggregation-induced 23 nm red-shift of the emission maximum in addition to the enhancement of the fluorescence quantum yield in these nanocapsules. The cytotoxicity of curcumin and colloidal nanocapsules was assessed using human derived immortalized cell lines (A549 and A375 cells) in the presence and absence of light irradiation. The nanocapsules exhibited a >30-fold decrease in IC50, suggesting enhanced anticancer activity associated with curcumin encapsulation. Higher toxicity was also reported in the presence of light irradiation (as shown by the IC50 data), indicating their potential for future application in photodynamic therapy. Finally, A375 cells treated with curcumin and the nanocapsules showed a significant increase in single- and/or double-strand DNA breaks upon exposure to light, indicating promising biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Bechnak
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Christian Khalil
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, 13-5053, 1102-2801, Chouran, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Riham El Kurdi
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rony S Khnayzer
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, 13-5053, 1102-2801, Chouran, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Digambara Patra
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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21
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Pellenz L, Borba FH, Daroit DJ, Lassen MFM, Baroni S, Zorzo CF, Guimarães RE, Espinoza-Quiñones FR, Seibert D. Landfill leachate treatment by a boron-doped diamond-based photo-electro-Fenton system integrated with biological oxidation: A toxicity, genotoxicity and by products assessment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 264:110473. [PMID: 32250900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A photo-electro-Fenton (PEF) reactor employing boron-doped diamond (BDD) and soft iron anodes was studied in landfill leachate (LL) treatment. The reactor operation parameters (ROP) H2O2 concentration, current intensity and flow rate were investigated in the removal of Abs 254 nm. The PEF process with BDD anode, operating at the best operational conditions, was used as a pre-treatment and enabled biological oxidation (BO). The treatment strategy of PEF followed by BO showed to be the most efficient, reaching reductions of 77.9% chemical oxygen demand (COD), 71.5% total carbon (TC) and 76.3% radiation absorbance in 254 nm (Abs 254 nm), as well as a significant reduction in the genotoxicity (Allium cepa), observed by an increase in the mitotic index (MI) (131.5%) and decrease in the abnormalities (47.8%). The reduction of the toxic potential of LL using the integration of processes was also observed in the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) byproducts analysis, which indicated the removal of emerging contaminants, such as Bisphenol-A (BPA), N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) and Diisooctyl phthalate (DIOP). Thus, the PEF process integrated with BO presented a considerable efficiency in the removal of contaminants present in LL, becoming an alternative for the minimization of the environmental impacts caused by the discharge of this effluent in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Pellenz
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, 97900-000, Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Henrique Borba
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, 97900-000, Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Joner Daroit
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, 97900-000, Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Manoel Francisco Mendes Lassen
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, 97900-000, Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Suzymeire Baroni
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, 97900-000, Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila Fernanda Zorzo
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, 97900-000, Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Raíssa Engroff Guimarães
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, 97900-000, Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rodolfo Espinoza-Quiñones
- Postgraduate Program of Chemical Engineering, West Paraná State University, Rua da Faculdade 645, Jd. Santa Maria, 85903-000, Toledo, PR, Brazil
| | - Daiana Seibert
- Postgraduate Program of Chemical Engineering, State University of Maringa, UEM, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringa, Parana, CEP: 87020-900, Brazil
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22
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Ghosn M, Mahfouz C, Chekri R, Khalaf G, Guérin T, Jitaru P, Amara R. Seasonal and Spatial Variability of Trace Elements in Livers and Muscles of Three Fish Species from the Eastern Mediterranean. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:12428-12438. [PMID: 31997242 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07794-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Levels of 20 trace elements (Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, Hg, Pb, and U) were assessed in livers and muscles of two demersal fish species (Siganus rivulatus and Lithognathus mormyrus) and one pelagic species (Etrumeus teres) from the Lebanese coast located in the Eastern Mediterranean. The samples were collected from three sites along the Lebanese coast during the wet and dry seasons in 2017. The trace elements were more concentrated in livers than in muscles and interspecific differences were also found. The herbivorous species S. rivulatus showed the highest levels for most trace elements, while the carnivorous species L. mormyrus showed the least contamination. Elemental seasonal differences were species dependent and were observed for Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, As, and Hg, with higher values during the wet season. Multivariate analysis showed spatial differences mainly during the wet season, while being closely related to species that reflected different accumulation patterns in each site. Levels of most trace metals in livers were higher than those reported in other Mediterranean regions (up to 2 to 3 folds). Nevertheless, the levels of Cd, Pb, and Hg in fish muscle were below the maximum levels set by the European Commission indicating that the consumption of these fish species is not likely to have adverse effect on human health. However, exposure depends on dietary habits of the population and a continuous exposure to these elements may result in adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheline Ghosn
- Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8187, LOG, F-62930, Wimereux, France.
- Laboratory for Food Safety, Université Paris-Est, ANSES, F-94701, Maisons-Alfort, France.
- National Center for Marine Sciences, CNRS-L, P.O. Box 534, Batroun, Lebanon.
| | - Céline Mahfouz
- National Center for Marine Sciences, CNRS-L, P.O. Box 534, Batroun, Lebanon
| | - Rachida Chekri
- Laboratory for Food Safety, Université Paris-Est, ANSES, F-94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Gaby Khalaf
- National Center for Marine Sciences, CNRS-L, P.O. Box 534, Batroun, Lebanon
| | - Thierry Guérin
- Laboratory for Food Safety, Université Paris-Est, ANSES, F-94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Petru Jitaru
- Laboratory for Food Safety, Université Paris-Est, ANSES, F-94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Rachid Amara
- Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8187, LOG, F-62930, Wimereux, France
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23
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Beldean-Galea MS, Vial J, Thiébaut D, Coman MV. Analysis of multiclass organic pollutant in municipal landfill leachate by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:9535-9546. [PMID: 31919823 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07064-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose a simple, fast, and inexpensive method for the analyses of 72 organic compounds in municipal landfill leachate, based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Forty-one organic compounds belonging to several classes including hydrocarbons, mono- and polyaromatic hydrocarbons, carbonyl compounds, terpenes, terpenoids, phenols, amines, and phthalates, covering a wide range of physicochemical properties and linked to municipal landfill leachate, were quantitatively determined. Another 31 organic compounds such as indoles, pyrroles, glycols, organophosphate flame retardants, aromatic amines and amides, pharmaceuticals, and bisphenol A have been identified based on their mass spectra. The developed method provides good performances in terms of extraction recovery (63.8-127%), intra-day and inter-day precisions (< 7.7 and < 13.9 respectively), linearity (R2 between 0.9669 and 0.9999), detection limit (1.01-69.30 μg L-1), quantification limit (1.87-138.6 μg L-1), and enrichment factor (69.6-138.5). Detailed information on the organic pollutants contained in municipal landfill leachate could be obtained with this method during a 40-min analysis of a 4-mL leachate sample, using only 75 μL of extraction solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihail Simion Beldean-Galea
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, 30 Fântânele Street, RO-400294, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Jerôme Vial
- UMR CNRS CBI, PSL Research Institute, École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris, 10 rue Vauquelin, Cedex 05, 75231, Paris, France
| | - Didier Thiébaut
- UMR CNRS CBI, PSL Research Institute, École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris, 10 rue Vauquelin, Cedex 05, 75231, Paris, France
| | - Maria-Virginia Coman
- "Raluca Ripan" Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babeș-Bolyai University, 30 Fântânele Street, RO-400294, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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24
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Wang H, Cheng Z, Sun Z, Zhu N, Yuan H, Lou Z, Chen X. Molecular insight into variations of dissolved organic matters in leachates along China's largest A/O-MBR-NF process to improve the removal efficiency. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125354. [PMID: 31759208 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a critical component of high-strength organic wastewater, and the study of them from molecular perspective could improve the removal efficiency. Leachate samples were collected from China's largest two stage anaerobic/aerobic membrane bioreactor and nanofiltration (A/O-MBR-NF) process, with the treatment capacity of 5000 t/d, and characterized by electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) from molecular perspective. High molecular weight (m/z > 500) compounds with 40-50 carbon atoms and 15-20 double bond equivalence (DBE) were biodegraded into medium molecular weight compounds with 10-20 carbon atoms and ∼10 DBE. Contribution of lipids and unsaturated hydrocarbons compounds in DOM turned into 42.1% and 2.5%, respectively, while contribution of condensed aromatics in DOM dramatically increased to 15.4% in leachates along the A/O-MBR process. Most of DOM was converted into higher polymerization degree and accumulated in concentrated leachate (CL). Sulfur-containing compounds, whose relative peak ratio accounted for 56.4%, were regarded as recalcitrant DOM in CL. Increase of retention time in anaerobic unit for raw leachate might be useful for decomposing the long-chain organic compounds, which could also reduce loadings for the following A/O-MBR process. Well-focus techniques such as sulfur-oxidation bacteria could be introduced into the MBR unit for better removing organo-sulfur compounds. Advanced oxidation processes for CL degradation would be efficiency for the removal of recalcitrant DOM. Thus, leachate could be disposed in a zero-discharge way based on the practical experience of such a typical working treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhaowen Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhiyi Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Nanwen Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Haiping Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ziyang Lou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China; China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- Shanghai Solid Waste Management Center, Shanghai, 200240, China
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25
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Kazour M, Jemaa S, Issa C, Khalaf G, Amara R. Microplastics pollution along the Lebanese coast (Eastern Mediterranean Basin): Occurrence in surface water, sediments and biota samples. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 696:133933. [PMID: 31442726 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean Sea is the largest semi-enclosed sea and one of the worst affected regional seas with sub-basin scale heterogeneity in plastics concentration. Few studies on microplastics (MPs) pollution have been conducted in the Eastern part of the Mediterranean basin. This study aims to evaluate, for the first time, the MPs pollution of the Lebanese coast (Levantine Basin) as well as the most common polymers found, and to assess the potential role of coastal landfills in this pollution. Two important seafood species that are wholly consumed by the Lebanese community: the European anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus, and the spiny oysters, Spondylus spinosus, were sampled in three different sites englobing the littoral (Tripoli, Beirut and Sidon). Sea water and sediment samples were also collected from the same sites. Results showed different patterns of MPs concentration in the analyzed matrices: Sidon water sample was highly contaminated in MPs (6.7 MPs/m3) while Tripoli had the highest MPs in sediments (4.68 MPs/g). The occurrence of MPs in the biota was high (83.4% and 86.3% in anchovies and spiny oysters, respectively). Both anchovies and oysters from Beirut region had the highest ingested MPs/individual (2.9 ± 1.9 and 8.3 ± 4.4 MPs/individual, respectively). This study is the first that investigated microplastics ingestion by Spondylus spinosus while indicating the most common polymers found in the three matrices (water, sediments and biota) in the Eastern Mediterranean. These results highlighted the high MPs pollution found in the Levantine Basin in comparison to other Western Mediterranean regions. In addition, the obtained results indicate a potential contribution of coastal landfills to this pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kazour
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, CNRS, Univ. Lille, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 32 Avenue Foch, Wimereux, France; National Center for Marine Sciences, CNRS-L, PO Box 534, Batroun, Lebanon.
| | - Sharif Jemaa
- National Center for Marine Sciences, CNRS-L, PO Box 534, Batroun, Lebanon
| | - Christelle Issa
- National Center for Marine Sciences, CNRS-L, PO Box 534, Batroun, Lebanon
| | - Gaby Khalaf
- National Center for Marine Sciences, CNRS-L, PO Box 534, Batroun, Lebanon
| | - Rachid Amara
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, CNRS, Univ. Lille, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 32 Avenue Foch, Wimereux, France
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26
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Khalil C, Chahine JB, Chahla B, Hobeika T, Khnayzer RS. Characterization and cytotoxicity assessment of nargile smoke using dynamic exposure. Inhal Toxicol 2019; 31:343-356. [DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2019.1683104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Khalil
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Institute of Environmental Studies, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
| | - Joe Braham Chahine
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Brenda Chahla
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Tamara Hobeika
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Rony S. Khnayzer
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut, Lebanon
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27
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Baderna D, Caloni F, Benfenati E. Investigating landfill leachate toxicity in vitro: A review of cell models and endpoints. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 122:21-30. [PMID: 30448364 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate is a complex mixture characterized by high toxicity and able to contaminate soils and waters surrounding the dumpsite, especially in developing countries where engineered landfills are still rare. Leachate pollution can severely damage natural ecosystems and harm human health. Traditionally, the hazard assessment of leachate is based on physicochemical characterization but the toxicity is not considered. In the last few decades, different bioassays have been used to assess the toxicity of this complex matrix, including human-related in vitro models. This article reviews the cell bioassays successfully used for the risk assessment of leachate and to evaluate the efficiency of toxicity removal of several processes for detoxification of this wastewater. Articles from 2003 to 2018 are covered, focusing mainly on studies that used human cell lines, highlighting the usefulness and adequacy of in vitro models for assessing the hazard involved with exposure to leachate, particularly as an integrative supporting tool for chemical-based risk assessment. Leachate is generally toxic, mutagenic, genotoxic and estrogenic in vitro, and these effects can be measured in the cells exposed to already low concentrations, confirming the serious hazard of this wastewater for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Baderna
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Italy.
| | - Francesca Caloni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Italy
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28
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Gupta P, Bhargava A, Kumari R, Lodhi L, Tiwari R, Gupta PK, Bunkar N, Samarth R, Mishra PK. Impairment of Mitochondrial-Nuclear Cross Talk in Lymphocytes Exposed to Landfill Leachate. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2019; 13:1178630219839013. [PMID: 31168291 PMCID: PMC6484670 DOI: 10.1177/1178630219839013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate, a complex mixture of different solid waste compounds, is widely known to possess toxic properties. However, the fundamental molecular mechanisms engaged with landfill leachate exposure inducing cellular and sub-cellular ramifications are not well explicated. Therefore, we aim to examine the potential of leachate to impair mitochondrial machinery and its associated mechanisms in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. On assessment, the significant increase in the dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence, accumulation of 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG), and levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) strongly indicated the ability of the leachate to induce a pro-oxidant state inside the cell. The decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential and alterations in the mitochondrial genome observed in leachate-exposed cells further suggested the disturbances in mitochondrial machinery. Moreover, these mitochondrial-associated redox imbalances were accompanied by the increased level of NF-κβ, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and DNA damage. In addition, the higher DNA fragmentation, release of nucleosomes, levels of polyadenosine diphosphate ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), and activity of caspase-3 suggested the involvement of mitochondrial mediated apoptosis in leachate exposed cells. These observations were accompanied by the low proliferative index of the exposed cells. Conclusively, our results clearly indicate the ability of landfill leachate to disturb mitochondrial redox homeostasis, which might be a probable source for the immunotoxic consequences leading to plausible patho-physiological conditions in humans susceptible to such environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pradyumna Kumar Mishra
- Pradyumna Kumar Mishra, Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Kamla Nehru Hospital Building, Gandhi Medical College Campus, Bhopal 462001, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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