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Evalen PS, Barnhardt EN, Ryu J, Stahlschmidt ZR. Toxicity of glyphosate to animals: A meta-analytical approach. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123669. [PMID: 38460584 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY)-based herbicides (GBHs) are the most commonly applied pesticide worldwide, and non-target organisms (e.g., animals) are now regularly exposed to GLY and GBHs due to the accumulation of these chemicals in many environments. Although GLY/GBH was previously considered to be non-toxic, growing evidence indicates that GLY/GBH negatively affects some animal taxa. However, there has been no systematic analysis quantifying its toxicity to animals. Therefore, we used a meta-analytical approach to determine whether there is a demonstrable effect of GLY/GBH toxicity across animals. We further addressed whether the effects of GLY/GBH vary due to (1) taxon (invertebrate vs. vertebrate), (2) habitat (aquatic vs. terrestrial), (3) type of biological response (behavior vs. physiology vs. survival), and (4) dosage or concentration of GLY/GBH. Using this approach, we also determined whether adjuvants (e.g., surfactants) in commercial formulations of GBHs increased toxicity for animals relative to exposure to GLY alone. We analyzed 1282 observations from 121 articles. We conclude that GLY is generally sub-lethally toxic for animals, particularly for animals in aquatic or marine habitats, and that toxicity did not exhibit dose-dependency. Yet, our analyses detected evidence for widespread publication bias so we encourage continued experimental investigations to better understand factors influencing GLY/GBH toxicity to animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Evalen
- University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - J Ryu
- University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
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2
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Sun H, He Z, Gao Y, Yang Y, Wang Y, Gu A, Xu J, Quan Y, Yang Y. Polyoxyethylene tallow amine and glyphosate exert different developmental toxicities on human pluripotent stem cells-derived heart organoid model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170675. [PMID: 38316312 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The early stage of heart development is highly susceptible to various environmental factors. While the use of animal models has aided in identifying numerous environmental risk factors, the variability between species and the low throughput limit their translational potential. Recently, a type of self-assembling cardiac structures, known as human heart organoids (hHOs), exhibits a remarkable biological consistency with human heart. However, the feasibility of hHOs for assessing cardiac developmental risk factors remains unexplored. Here, we focused on the cardiac developmental effects of core components of Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs), the most widely used herbicides, to evaluate the reliability of hHOs for the prediction of possible cardiogenesis toxicity. GBHs have been proven toxic to cardiac development based on multiple animal models, with the mechanism remaining unknown. We found that polyoxyethylene tallow amine (POEA), the most common surfactant in GBHs formulations, played a dominant role in GBHs' heart developmental toxicity. Though there were a few differences in transcriptive features, hHOs exposed to sole POEA and combined POEA and Glyphosate would suffer from both disruption of heart contraction and disturbance of commitment in cardiomyocyte isoforms. By contrast, Glyphosate only caused mild epicardial hyperplasia. This study not only sheds light on the toxic mechanism of GBHs, but also serves as a methodological demonstration, showcasing its effectiveness in recognizing and evaluating environmental risk factors, and deciphering toxic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhazheng He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yao Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yanhan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yachang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Aihua Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yingyi Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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3
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La Pietra A, Fasciolo G, Lucariello D, Motta CM, Venditti P, Ferrandino I. Polystyrene microplastics effects on zebrafish embryological development: Comparison of two different sizes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 106:104371. [PMID: 38244881 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics have become a great worldwide problem and it's therefore important to study their possible effects on human and environmental health. In this study, zebrafish embryos were used to compare two different sizes of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs), 1 µm and 3 µm respectively, at 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mgL-1, and were monitored up to 72 h. Toxicity tests demonstrated that neither of the PS-MPs altered the embryos' survival and the normal hatching process. Instead, higher concentrations of both sizes caused an increase of the heart rate and phenotypic changes. The PS-MPs of both sizes entered and accumulated in the larvae at the concentration of 10.0 mgL-1 and the same concentration caused an increase of apoptotic processes correlated to redox homeostasis changes. The reported results give a realistic view of the negative effects of exposure to PS-MPs and provide new information on their toxicity, also considering their sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gianluca Fasciolo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Venditti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ida Ferrandino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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4
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Durante LDS, Hollmann G, Nazari EM. Impact of exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide on morphological and physiological parameters in embryonic and larval development of zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:1822-1835. [PMID: 38083805 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) have been commonly used in agriculture to inhibit weed growth and increase yields. However, due to the high solubility of these herbicides in water, they can reach aquatic environments, by infiltration, erosion, and/or lixiviation, affecting non target organisms. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the toxicity of GBH Roundup WG® (RWG®) during the embryonic and larval development of Danio rerio. Embryos (3 hours post fertilization, hpf-until hatching) and larvae (3 days post fertilization, dpf to 6 dpf) were exposed to concentrations of 0.065 and 6.5 mg L-1 . They were evaluated for survival, hatching, spontaneous movements, heartbeat, morphology, and morphometry by in vivo photographs in microscope, cell proliferation and apoptosis by immunohistochemistry, and exploratory behavior and phototropism by video recording. Our results showed an increase in embryo and larvae mortality in those exposed to 0.065 mg L-1 , as well as a reduction in spontaneous embryo movements. The larval heartbeats showed a decrease at 4 dpf in the group exposed to 0.065 mg L-1 and an increase at 5 and 6 dpf in both exposed groups. Cell proliferation was reduced in both groups exposed in embryos and only in the 0.065 mg L-1 group in larvae, while cell death increased in embryos exposed to 6.5 mg L-1 . These results demonstrated the toxic effect of low concentrations of the herbicide RWG® during embryonic and larval development of non target organisms, as well as the importance of constantly reviewing acceptable limits for exposure in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laíse da Silva Durante
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Hollmann
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Evelise Maria Nazari
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
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5
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Stevens D, Kramer AT, Coogan MA, Sayes CM. Developmental effects of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos after exposure to glyphosate and lead mixtures. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 271:115886. [PMID: 38211515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Natural aquatic environments have a heterogeneous composition; therefore, simultaneous exposure to multiple contaminants is relevant and more realistic when assessing exposure and toxicity. This study examines the combinatorial effects of two compounds found ubiquitously in drinking water across the United States: glyphosate and lead acetate. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were used as a model for investigating developmental delays following controlled exposures. Six different environmentally relevant exposure concentrations of glyphosate, ranging from 0.001 to 10 ppm, and lead acetate, ranging from 0.5 to 4 ppm, were applied first as single exposures and then as co-exposures. The sublethal endpoints of hatching and coagulation were quantified to determine potencies. Results indicate that higher concentrations of the individual chemicals correlate with later hatching with correlation coefficients of 0.71 and 0.40 for glyphosate and lead acetate respectively, while the co-exposure at lower concentrations induced earlier hatching with a correlation coefficient 0.74. In addition, increased levels of coagulation and glutathione reductase activity were observed following co-exposure, as compared to the individual exposures, suggesting potential toxicological interactions. These results support the need for further work assessing the combined potencies of aquatic contaminants rather than individual exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinny Stevens
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Alec T Kramer
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Melinda A Coogan
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Christie M Sayes
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
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6
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Tóth G, Háhn J, Szabó G, Bakos K, Volner C, Liang X, Göbölös B, Bock I, Szoboszlay S, Urbányi B, Kriszt B, Kaszab E, Szabó I, Csenki Z. In vivo estrogenicity of glyphosate, its formulations, and AMPA on transgenic zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123113. [PMID: 38072021 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the disrupting effects of glyphosate (GLY), aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and three glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) on vitellogenesis in a non-concentration-dependent manner are reported for the first time in 120 h of acute exposure of zebrafish at environmentally relevant concentrations. GBHs are commonly used worldwide in weed control management. Due to their extensive application, they frequently occur in aquatic ecosystems and may affect various organisms. The active substance GLY and its major by-product, AMPA, are the most thoroughly studied chemicals; however, the adverse effects of the complex formulas of GBHs with diverse and unknown content of co-formulants are still not sufficiently researched. This study focused on the embryotoxicity, sublethal malformations, and estrogenic potency of GLY, AMPA, and four commonly used GBHs on zebrafish embryos using a wild type and an estrogen-sensitive, transgenic zebrafish line (Tg(vtg1:mCherry)). After 120 h of exposition, AMPA did not cause acute toxicity, while the LC50 of GLY was 160 mg/L. The GBHs were more toxic with LC50 values ranging from 31 to 111 GLY active equivalent (a.e.) mg/L. Exposure to 0.35-2.8 mg/L GBHs led to sublethal abnormalities: typical symptoms were structural deformation of the lower jaw and anomalies in the olfactory region. Deformity rates were 10-30% in the treated groups. In vivo, fluorescently expressed vtg1 mCherry protein in embryonic liver was detected by a non-invasive microscopic method indicating estrogenic action through vitellogenin production by GLY, AMPA, and GBHs. To confirm the in vivo findings, RT-qPCR method was performed to determine the levels of the estrogenicity-related vtg1 mRNA. After 120 h of exposure to GLY, AMPA, and three GBHs at a concentration of 0.35 mg/L, the expression of vtg1 gene was significantly up-regulated. Our results highlight the risk that short-term GLY and GBH exposure can cause developmental malformations and disrupt the hormonal balance in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Tóth
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Department of Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Judit Háhn
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Department of Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Gyula Szabó
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Katalin Bakos
- Premonstratensian St. Norbert High School, Takács Menyhért út 2, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Cintia Volner
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Xinyue Liang
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Göbölös
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Department of Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Illés Bock
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Sándor Szoboszlay
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Department of Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Béla Urbányi
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Department of Aquaculture, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Kriszt
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Department of Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Edit Kaszab
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Department of Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - István Szabó
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Csenki
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
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7
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Wei YL, Lin XC, Liu YY, Lei YQ, Zhuang XD, Zhang HT, Wang XR. Effects of water fluoridation on early embryonic development of zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115907. [PMID: 38176185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Fluoride has strong electronegativity and exposes diversely in nature. Water fluoridation is the most pervasive form of occurrence, representing a significant threat to human health. In this study, we investigate the morphometric and physiological alterations triggered by fluoride stimulation during the embryogenesis of zebrafish and reveal its putative effects of stage- and/or dose-dependent. Fluoride exhibits potent biological activity and can be extensively absorbed by the yolk sac, exerting significant effects on the development of multiple organs. This is primarily manifested as restricted nutrient utilization and elevated levels of lipid peroxidation, further leading to the accumulation of superoxide in the yolk sac, liver, and intestines. Moreover, pericardial edema exerts pressure on the brain and eye development, resulting in spinal curvature and reduced body length. Besides, acute fluoride exposure with varying concentrations has led to diverse teratogenic outcomes. A low dose of water fluoridation tends to induce abnormal development of the embryonic yolk sac, while vascular malformation is widely observed in all fluoride-treated groups. The effect of fluoride exposure on blood circulation is universally present, even in zebrafish larvae that do not exhibit obvious deformities. Their swimming behavior is also affected by water fluoridation, resulting in reduced activity and delayed reactions. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the monitoring of environmental quality related to water fluoridation and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lan Wei
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Xin-Chen Lin
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Ying-Ying Liu
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Yu-Qing Lei
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Xu-Dong Zhuang
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Hai-Tao Zhang
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Xin-Rui Wang
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China.
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8
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Vieira RSF, Venâncio C, Félix L. Cortisol Quantification for Assessing Stress-Induced Changes in Zebrafish Larvae. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2753:483-493. [PMID: 38285361 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3625-1_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The stress response, mainly mediated by cortisol, plays a critical role in the regulation of physiological and behavioral homeostasis through a variety of mechanisms. Different aquatic animal models have been widely employed to understand the pathobiology of stress and stress-related brain disorders. The early life stress can affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis and induce cellular and molecular impairments that impact the brain functioning later in life. However, these alterations have been poorly explored mainly due to the lack of suitable models. In this chapter, the vortex flow stimulation, an acute stress that causes a forced swimming and activates the HPI axis, is described and its correlations with behavioral outputs reported. To this end, the early life stages of zebrafish are used as animal models for modeling stress disorders experimentally. The behavioral despair model can be employed as an initial screening tool for assessing neural circuit activation and motor alterations. Taken together, the implementation of this strategy in this animal model allows the analysis of stress responses in a simple manner and its correlation with neural circuitries and motor alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel S F Vieira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Venâncio
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís Félix
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
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9
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de Souza Teodoro L, Jablonski CA, Pelegrini K, Pereira TCB, Maraschin TG, de Sousa Araujo AC, Monserrat JM, de Souza Basso NR, Kist LW, Bogo MR. Toxic effects of environmental-relevant exposure to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) micro and nanoparticles in zebrafish early development. NANOIMPACT 2024; 33:100497. [PMID: 38316295 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2024.100497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a commonly used thermoplastic in industry due to its excellent malleability and thermal stability, making it extensively employed in packaging manufacturing. Inadequate disposal of PET packaging in the environment and natural physical-chemical processes leads to the formation of smaller particles known as PET micro and nanoplastics (MNPs). The reduced dimensions enhance particle bioavailability and, subsequently, their reactivity. This study involved chemical degradation of PET using trifluoroacetic acid to assess the impact of exposure to varying concentrations of PET MNPs (0.5, 1, 5, 10, and 20 mg/L) on morphological, functional, behavioral, and biochemical parameters during the early developmental stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Characterization of the degraded PET revealed the generated microplastics (MPs) ranged in size from 1305 to 2032 μm, and that the generated nanoplastics (NPs) ranged from 68.06 to 955 nm. These particles were then used for animal exposure. After a six-day exposure period, our findings indicate that PET MNPs can diminish spontaneous tail coiling (STC), elevate the heart rate, accumulate on the chorion surface, and reduce interocular distance. These results suggest that PET exposure induces primary toxic effects on zebrafish embryo-larval stage of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian de Souza Teodoro
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), School of Health and Life Sciences, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Camilo Alexandre Jablonski
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), School of Health and Life Sciences, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6690 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Kauê Pelegrini
- Organometallic Compounds and Resins Laboratory, School of Technology, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Materials Technology and Engineering, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Talita Carneiro Brandão Pereira
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), School of Health and Life Sciences, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6690 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thuany Garcia Maraschin
- Organometallic Compounds and Resins Laboratory, School of Technology, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Materials Technology and Engineering, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alan Carvalho de Sousa Araujo
- Graduate Program in Aquaculture, Institute of Oceanography (IO), Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Jose Maria Monserrat
- Graduate Program in Aquaculture, Institute of Oceanography (IO), Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Luiza Wilges Kist
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), School of Health and Life Sciences, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maurício Reis Bogo
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), School of Health and Life Sciences, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6690 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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10
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Barreto LS, Souza TLD, Morais TPD, Oliveira Ribeiro CAD. Toxicity of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) to the early stages of development of Steindachneridion melanodermatum, an endangered endemic species of Southern Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 102:104234. [PMID: 37481050 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate glyphosate (GLY) and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) toxicity at 65, 650, and 6500 μg L-1 to the initial stages of development of Steindachneridion melanodermatum, an endangered endemic species from the Iguaçu River, assessing hatching, survival, total larval length, deformities, oxidative stress biochemical biomarkers, and neurotoxicity. Overall, looking at the sum of responses through the integrated biomarker response, the species was more sensitive to AMPA than GLY, especially at the lower concentration of 65 μg L-1, which induced mortality, deformities, underdevelopment, and oxidative stress. Considering the risk of exposure and the importance of conservation of the highly endemic ichthyofauna of this basin, it is urgent to investigate and regulate both GLY and AMPA levels at the Iguaçu River to protect not only this species, but the entire ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Santos Barreto
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81531-970, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Tugstênio Lima de Souza
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81531-970, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tobias Pereira de Morais
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81531-970, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81531-970, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Stahlschmidt ZR, Choi J, Choy B, Perez PL, Whitlock J. A simulated heat wave-but not herbicide exposure-alters resource investment strategy in an insect. J Therm Biol 2023; 116:103670. [PMID: 37536102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Animals are increasingly exposed to potential stressors related to environmental change, and multiple stressors may alter the dynamics by which animals acquire resources and invest those resources into important life-history traits. Stress may lead to the prioritization of current reproduction to maximize lifetime reproduction (i.e., terminal investment [TI]) or, in contrast, prioritize somatic investment over current reproduction to facilitate future reproductive opportunities (i.e., reproductive restraint [RR]). Tests of the TI and RR hypotheses typically use immune challenges as stressors, and have not been explicitly tested in the context of environmental change even though warming influences resource allocation patterns across taxa. Further, the multiple-stressor framework has been a useful construct to clarify the costs of complex environmental shifts to animals, but it has not been leveraged to understand such effects on investment strategy. Thus, we tested the TI and RR hypotheses by manipulating widespread features of environmental change-glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH; Roundup®) exposure and a simulated heat wave-in the variable field cricket (Gryllus lineaticeps). A simulated heat wave affected the life-history tradeoff between investment into reproduction and soma. Specifically, heat wave prioritized investment into ovary mass over non-reproductive tissue, even after accounting for food consumption, in support of the TI hypothesis. In contrast, GBH exposure did not affect any measured trait, and crickets did not discriminate between tap water and GBH solution during drinking. Therefore, some-but not all-aspects of environmental change may alter resource investment strategies in animals. We encourage continued integration of the multiple-stressor framework and life-history theory to better understand how animals respond to their rapidly changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z R Stahlschmidt
- University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Ave., Stockton, CA, 95211, USA.
| | - J Choi
- University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Ave., Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - B Choy
- University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Ave., Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - P L Perez
- University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Ave., Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - J Whitlock
- University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Ave., Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
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12
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Fuselier SG, Ireland D, Fu N, Rabeler C, Collins EMS. Comparative toxicity assessment of glyphosate and two commercial formulations in the planarian Dugesia japonica. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1200881. [PMID: 37435546 PMCID: PMC10332155 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1200881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Glyphosate is a widely used, non-selective herbicide. Glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are considered safe for non-target organisms and environmentally benign at currently allowed environmental exposure levels. However, their increased use in recent years has triggered questions about possible adverse outcomes due to low dose chronic exposure in animals and humans. While the toxicity of GBHs has primarily been attributed to glyphosate, other largely unstudied components of GBHs may be inherently toxic or could act synergistically with glyphosate. Thus, comparative studies of glyphosate and GBHs are needed to parse out their respective toxicity. Methods: We performed such a comparative screen using pure glyphosate and two popular GBHs at the same glyphosate acid equivalent concentrations in the freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica. This planarian has been shown to be a useful model for both ecotoxicology and neurotoxicity/developmental neurotoxicity studies. Effects on morphology and various behavioral readouts were obtained using an automated screening platform, with assessments on day 7 and day 12 of exposure. Adult and regenerating planarians were screened to allow for detection of developmentally selective effects. Results: Both GBHs were more toxic than pure glyphosate. While pure glyphosate induced lethality at 1 mM and no other effects, both GBHs induced lethality at 316 μM and sublethal behavioral effects starting at 31.6 μM in adult planarians. These data suggest that glyphosate alone is not responsible for the observed toxicity of the GBHs. Because these two GBHs also include other active ingredients, namely diquat dibromide and pelargonic acid, respectively, we tested whether these compounds were responsible for the observed effects. Screening of the equivalent concentrations of pure diquat dibromide and pure pelargonic acid revealed that the toxicity of either GBH could not be explained by the active ingredients alone. Discussion: Because all compounds induced toxicity at concentrations above allowed exposure levels, our data indicates that glyphosate/GBH exposure is not an ecotoxicological concern for D. japonica planarians. Developmentally selective effects were not observed for all compounds. Together, these data demonstrate the usefulness of high throughput screening in D. japonica planarians for assessing various types of toxicity, especially for comparative studies of several chemicals across different developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Grace Fuselier
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, United States
| | - Danielle Ireland
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, United States
| | - Nicholas Fu
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, United States
| | - Christina Rabeler
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, United States
| | - Eva-Maria S. Collins
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Lanzarin GAB, Félix LM, Monteiro SM, Ferreira JM, Oliveira PA, Venâncio C. Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Apoptotic Effects of Thymol and 24-Epibrassinolide in Zebrafish Larvae. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1297. [PMID: 37372027 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymol (THY) and 24-epibrassinolide (24-EPI) are two examples of plant-based products with promising therapeutic effects. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of the THY and 24-EPI. We used zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae transgenic line (Tg(mpxGFP)i114) to evaluate the recruitment of neutrophils as an inflammatory marker to the site of injury after tail fin amputation. In another experiment, wild-type AB larvae were exposed to a well known pro-inflammatory substance, copper (CuSO4), and then exposed for 4 h to THY, 24-EPI or diclofenac (DIC), a known anti-inflammatory drug. In this model, the antioxidant (levels of reactive oxygen species-ROS) and anti-apoptotic (cell death) effects were evaluated in vivo, as well as biochemical parameters such as the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase), the biotransformation activity of glutathione-S-transferase, the levels of glutathione reduced and oxidated, lipid peroxidation, acetylcholinesterase activity, lactate dehydrogenase activity, and levels of nitric acid (NO). Both compounds decreased the recruitment of neutrophils in Tg(mpxGFP)i114, as well as showed in vivo antioxidant effects by reducing ROS production and anti-apoptotic effects in addition to a decrease in NO compared to CuSO4. The observed data substantiate the potential of the natural compounds THY and 24-EPI as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents in this species. These results support the need for further research to understand the molecular pathways involved, particularly their effect on NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germano A B Lanzarin
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís M Félix
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Sandra M Monteiro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Jorge M Ferreira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3s), Laboratory Animal Science (LAS), Instituto de Biologia Molecular Celular (IBMC), University of Porto (UP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Venâncio
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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14
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Costa AR, Gonçalves VMF, Castro BB, Carrola JS, Langa I, Pereira A, Carvalho AR, Tiritan ME, Ribeiro C. Toxicity of the 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine and Its Enantiomers to Daphnia magna after Isolation by Semipreparative Chromatography. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031457. [PMID: 36771119 PMCID: PMC9920394 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is a chiral psychoactive recreational drug sold in illicit markets as racemate. Studies on the impact of MDMA on aquatic organisms are scarce. While enantioselectivity in toxicity in animals and humans has been reported, none is reported on aquatic organisms. This study aimed to investigate the ecotoxicological effects of MDMA and its enantiomers in Daphnia magna. For that, enantiomers (enantiomeric purity > 97%) were separated by liquid chromatography using a homemade semipreparative chiral column. Daphnids were exposed to three concentrations of (R,S)-MDMA (0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 µg L-1) and two concentrations of (R)- and (S)-enantiomers (0.1 and 1.0 µg L-1) over the course of 8 days. Morphophysiological responses were dependent on the substance form and daphnia development stage, and they were overall not affected by the (R)-enantiomer. Changes in swimming behaviour were observed for both the racemate and its enantiomers, but enantioselective effects were not observed. Reproductive or biochemical changes were not observed for enantiomers whereas a significant decrease in acetylcholinesterase and catalase activity was noted at the highest concentration of (R,S)-MDMA (10 µg L-1). Overall, this study showed that sub-chronic exposure to MDMA racemate and its enantiomers can interfere with morphophysiological and swimming behaviour of D. magna. In general, the (R)-enantiomer demonstrated less toxicity than the (S)-enantiomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Costa
- TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, IUCS-CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Virgínia M. F. Gonçalves
- TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, IUCS-CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- UNIPRO-Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Bruno B. Castro
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - João Soares Carrola
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ivan Langa
- TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, IUCS-CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Ariana Pereira
- TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, IUCS-CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Carvalho
- TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, IUCS-CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
- TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, IUCS-CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (M.E.T.); (C.R.)
| | - Cláudia Ribeiro
- TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, IUCS-CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Correspondence: (M.E.T.); (C.R.)
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Glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) causes damage in embryo-larval stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Neurotoxicol Teratol 2023; 95:107147. [PMID: 36493994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2022.107147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate-Based Herbicides (GBH) show risks to the environment and also to aquatic organisms, such as fish. The present work aimed to evaluate the effects of GBH and Pure Glyphosate (PG) exposure on Danio rerio embryos at drinking water concentrations. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 250, 500, and 1000 μg L-1 of Roundup Original DI® and pure glyphosate for 96 h. Glyphosate concentration in water, parameters physicochemical water, survival, hatching rate, heart rate, malformations, behavior, and biomarkers were evaluated. We verified that at 6 h post-fertilization (hpf), animals exposed to GBH 500 showed decreased survival as compared to the control. The hatching rate increased in all groups exposed to GBH at 48 hpf as compared to the control group. The embryos exposed did not present changes in the spontaneous movement and touch response. Exposed groups to GBH demonstrated a higher number of malformations in fish embryos as compared to the control. Most malformations were: pericardial edema, yolk sac edema, body malformations, and curvature of the spine. In heart rate, bradycardia occurred in groups exposed, as predicted due to cardiac abnormalities. As biochemical endpoints, we observed a decrease in Glutathione S-transferase (GBH 250, GBH 500 and PG 250) and Acetylcholinesterase (GBH 250 and PG 250) activity. No differences were found between the groups in the concentration of protein, Total Antioxidant Capacity Against Peroxyl Radicals, Lipid peroxidation, Reactive Oxygen Species, Non-protein thiols, and Catalase. In conclusion, the damage in all evaluated stages of development was aggravated by survival and malformations. Therefore, the large-scale use of GBHs, coupled with the permissiveness of its presence could be the cause damage to the aquatic environment affecting the embryonic development of non-target organisms.
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16
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Alvarado-Suárez GB, Silva-Briano M, Arzate-Cárdenas MA, Carbajal-Hernández AL, Yáñez-Rivera B, Rico-Martínez R. Feeding behavior of early life stages of the zebrafish Danio rerio is altered by exposure to glyphosate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:85172-85184. [PMID: 35794329 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21790-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate levels and the transfer of glyphosate across trophic levels have rarely been studied in zooplankton. The food preferences of zebrafish during the first-feeding stage (which is critical for the survival of organisms), were analyzed because of the requirement for live food. Larval survival begins to be affected when glyphosate intake exceeds 0.3666 µg/larvae/day, in the case that only the food is contaminated; if the medium is also contaminated, the effects on survival start from 0.2456 µg/larvae/day. It was shown that glyphosate was more likely to be incorporated through the medium than through the food (zooplankton), which supports the results of previous studies that have ruled out the potential for biomagnification. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of glyphosate was determined using an ELISA tests specific to measure glyphosate in the fish D. rerio, the rotifers Brachionus calyciflorus and Lecane papuana, and the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia dubia. The experimental design consisted in exposing seven zebrafish adults per replica (four replicates) in three treatments 1, 5, and 10 mg/L of glyphosate for 96 h to obtain bioconcentration factors in the gills, liver, and muscle. These concentrations were selected as potential glyphosate concentrations right after application as double highest reported concentration. Glyphosate levels in zooplankton can represent up to 6.26% of the total weight of rotifers (BFC = 60.35) and in zebrafish adult organs were less than 8 µg/mg of tissue (BCF values < 6). Although glyphosate does not biomagnify, our results suggest that glyphosate affected the dynamics between zooplankton and zebrafish larvae, diminishing survival and feeding rates, given that zooplankton species bioconcentrate glyphosate in large quantities. The BCF values found in this contribution are higher than expected. Glyphosate exposure affected energy metabolism and feeding behavior of zebrafish larvae, which presented high mortality rates at environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Beatriz Alvarado-Suárez
- Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Departamento de Biología, Avenida Universidad 940, Ags. C. P. 20131, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Marcelo Silva-Briano
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Avenida Universidad 940, Ciudad Universitaria Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, 20131, México
| | - Mario Alberto Arzate-Cárdenas
- Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Departamento de Biología, Avenida Universidad 940, Ags. C. P. 20131, Aguascalientes, Mexico
- Cátedras CONACYT, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia Y Tecnología, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Col. Crédito Constructor, Alcaldía Benito Juárez, Ciudad de México, 03940, México
| | - Ana Laura Carbajal-Hernández
- Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Departamento de Biología, Avenida Universidad 940, Ags. C. P. 20131, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Yáñez-Rivera
- Cátedras CONACYT, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia Y Tecnología, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Col. Crédito Constructor, Alcaldía Benito Juárez, Ciudad de México, 03940, México.
- CIAD AC, Unidad Mazatlán en Acuicultura Y Manejo Ambiental, Avenida Sábalo-Cerritos S/N, Estero del Yugo, Mazatlán, Sin. 82112, México.
| | - Roberto Rico-Martínez
- Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Departamento de Biología, Avenida Universidad 940, Ags. C. P. 20131, Aguascalientes, Mexico.
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Avenida Universidad 940, Ciudad Universitaria Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, 20131, México.
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17
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Lanzarin GAB, Venâncio CAS, Félix LM, Monteiro SM. Evaluation of the developmental effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide complexed with copper, zinc, and manganese metals in zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136430. [PMID: 36113654 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) has increased dramatically, being currently the most used herbicides worldwide. Glyphosate acts as a chelating agent, capable of chelate metals. The synergistic effects of metals and agrochemicals may pose an environmental problem as they have been shown to induce neurological abnormalities and behavioural changes in aquatic species. However, as their ecotoxicity effects are poorly understood, evaluating the impacts of GBH complexed with metals is an ecological priority. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the potentially toxic effects caused by exposure to a GBH (1 μg a.i. mL-1), alone or complexed with metals (Copper, Manganese, and Zinc (100 μg L-1)), at environmentally relevant concentrations, during the early period of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo development (96 h post-fertilization), a promising model for in vivo developmental studies. To clarify the mechanisms of toxicity involved, lethal and sublethal development endpoints were assessed. At the end of the exposure, biochemical and cell death parameters were evaluated and, 24 h later, different behavioural responses were assessed. The results showed that metals induced higher levels of toxicity. Copper caused high mortality, low hatching, malformations, and changes in biochemical parameters, such as decreased Catalase (CAT) activity, increased Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Glutathione S-Transferase (GST), reduced Glutathione (GSH) and decreased Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, also inducing apoptosis and changes in larval behaviour. Manganese increased the activity of SODs enzymes. Zinc increased mortality, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, superoxide dismutase activity (SODs) and caused a decrease in AChE activity. Embryos/larvae exposed to the combination of GBH/Metal also showed teratogenic effects during their development but in smaller proportions than the metal alone. Although more studies are needed, the results suggest that GBH may interfere with the mechanisms of metal toxicity at the biochemical, physiological, and behavioural levels of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germano A B Lanzarin
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Carlos A S Venâncio
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Animal Science, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production, University of Trás-os Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís M Félix
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production, University of Trás-os Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Sandra M Monteiro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production, University of Trás-os Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
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Lopes AR, Moraes JS, Martins CDMG. Effects of the herbicide glyphosate on fish from embryos to adults: a review addressing behavior patterns and mechanisms behind them. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 251:106281. [PMID: 36103761 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of agrochemicals has grown in recent years following the increase in agricultural productivity, to eliminate weeds that can compromise crop yields. The intensive use of these products combined with the lack of treatment of agricultural wastewater is causing contamination of the natural environments, especially the aquatics. Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] is the most commonly used herbicide in agriculture worldwide. Studies have shown that this compound is toxic to a variety of fish species at the concentrations of environmental relevance. Glyphosate-based herbicides can affect fish biochemical, physiological, endocrine, and behavioral pathways. Changes in behaviors such as foraging, escaping from predators, and courtship can compromise the survival of species and even communities. The behavior patterns of fish has been shown to be a sensitive tool for risk assessment. In this sense, this review summarizes and discusses the toxic effects of glyphosate and its formulations on the behavior of fish in different life stages. Additionally, behavioral impairments were associated with other negative effects of glyphosate such as energy imbalance, stress responses, AChE inhibition, and physiological and endocrine disturbances, which are evidenced and described in the literature. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Rubim Lopes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande RS, Brazil.
| | - Jenifer Silveira Moraes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande RS, Brazil
| | - Camila de Martinez Gaspar Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande RS, Brazil
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19
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Ames J, Miragem AA, Cordeiro MF, Cerezer FO, Loro VL. Effects of glyphosate on zebrafish: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:1189-1204. [PMID: 36065034 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02581-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate herbicide is widely used in worldwide crop production. Consequently, its active ingredient, surfactants, and adjuvants commonly reach the aquatic ecosystem, thereby harming the biota. An investigation into how this herbicide affects aquatic species is important, especially in fish, as they have the ability to absorb and concentrate toxins. We aimed to evaluate the effects of glyphosate on the embryonic, larval and adult stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio), an appreciable organismal model. In this sense, we performed a meta-analysis using published articles from online databases (PubMed and ScienceDirect), which covered studies published until 2022. From a massive compilation of studies evaluating the effects of active substance glyphosate and Glyphosate-Based Herbicides (GBH) on zebrafish, we selected 36 studies used in downstream analyses. Overall, we report that glyphosate affects developmental stages and demonstrates toxicity and damage in zebrafish. We observed that embryos exposed to glyphosate exhibit increased mortality. There was also an increase in the number of morphological abnormalities related to yolk sac oedema, pericardial oedema, spinal curvature and body malformations, and a decrease in body size was observed. Furthermore, there was a decrease in the number of beats. The biochemical results demonstrated an increase in reactive oxygen species and antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals in the gills. The literature shows that glyphosate decreased the distance covered and the mean speed of the animals and increased the number of rotations. We concluded that glyphosate causes damage in the embryonic, larval and adult stages of this species. These results are valid for zebrafish and can be applied to other freshwater fish species. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaíne Ames
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Análises Biológicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha, Santa Rosa, RS, 98787-740, Brazil
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Antônio Azambuja Miragem
- Laboratório de Análises Biológicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha, Santa Rosa, RS, 98787-740, Brazil
| | - Marcos Freitas Cordeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Saúde, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Joaçaba, SC, Brazil
| | - Felipe Osmari Cerezer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Vania Lucia Loro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Análises Biológicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha, Santa Rosa, RS, 98787-740, Brazil.
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20
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Ferrandino I, Capriello T, Félix LM, Di Meglio G, Santos D, Monteiro SM. Histological alterations and oxidative stress in adult zebrafish muscle after aluminium exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:103934. [PMID: 35868620 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) is among the most abundant metals in nature, and its presence in the environment is further increasing by anthropogenic activities. In water bodies, the Al concentrations ranged between 0.001 and 50 mg/L, raising concerns about the health of aquatic organisms. For this reason, zebrafish was chosen as the model, since it is well suited for ecotoxicological studies. Adult specimens were exposed to 11 mg/L of Al for 10, 15 and 20 days to assess both the morphology and the oxidative state of muscle tissue. Considering the involvement of ROS, the activity of the main antioxidant enzymes, metallothioneins contents, but also oxidative damage and enzymes involved in energy consumption and neuromuscular transmission were assessed. Collected data showed an increase in the thickness of the endomysium and resorbed myofibrils in the organisms exposed to Al for 10 days, and an increase of myotomes' size in the organisms exposed to Al for 15 days. Moreover, the organisms exposed for less time to Al, it was evident an activation of anaerobic metabolism and the increased activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferases. However, these effects stabilized with increasing exposure time. In addition, only after 20 days of treatment did the oxidative damage to the proteins and the activity of acetylcholinesterase increase while the levels of metallothioneins and the lipid peroxidation were lower for all treated animals when compared to the control group. Overall, the biochemical and histological changes induced by aluminium exposure in the muscular tissue represent a relevant contribution to understanding the environmental risk due to the diffusion of this metal within the aquatic compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Ferrandino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Teresa Capriello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Luis M Félix
- Laboratory Animal Science (LAS), Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Gianluca Di Meglio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Dércia Santos
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Sandra M Monteiro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production, Vila Real, Portugal.
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21
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Printemps R, Guilbot S, Didier H, Nalin R, Le Grand B. The Cardiotoxic Effect of Roundup® is not Induced by Glyphosate: A Non-specific Blockade of Human Ca V1.2 Channels. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:676-688. [PMID: 35595953 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-022-09749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In Roundup®, the active principle glyphosate is formulated with adjuvants that help it to penetrate the plants' cell membranes. Several reports and reviews report cardiovascular effects of Roundup®, pointing the presence of arrhythmias as a potential consequence of Roundup® toxicity and death cause. However, it still remains debatable whether these cardiac events are related to glyphosate per se or to the Roundup® adjuvants. The present study aims to compare the pro-arrhythmogenic properties of Roundup® and glyphosate in an animal model and in human cardiomyocytes. In isolated guinea pig heart, the cardiotoxicity of Roundup® (significant effect on heart rate and depressive effect on ventricular contractility) was demonstrated with the highest concentrations (100 µM). In human cardiomyocytes, the cardiotoxicity is confirmed by a marked effect on contractility and a strong effect on cell viability. Finally, this Roundup® depressive effect on heart contractility is due to a concentration-dependent blocking effect on cardiac calcium channel CaV1.2 with an IC50 value of 3.76 µM. Surprisingly, no significant effect on each parameter has been shown with glyphosate. Glyphosate was devoid of major effect on cardiac calcium channel with a maximal effect at 100 µM (- 27.2 ± 1.7%, p < 0.01). In conclusion, Roundup® could induce severe cardiac toxicity by a blockade of CaV1.2 channel, leading to a worsening of heart contractility and genesis of arrhythmias. This toxicity could not be attributed to glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hélène Didier
- PhysioStim, 10 rue Henri Regnault, 81100, Castres, France
| | - Renaud Nalin
- PhysioStim, 10 rue Henri Regnault, 81100, Castres, France
| | - Bruno Le Grand
- PhysioStim, 10 rue Henri Regnault, 81100, Castres, France
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22
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Ivantsova E, Wengrovitz AS, Souders CL, Martyniuk CJ. Developmental and behavioral toxicity assessment of glyphosate and its main metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in zebrafish embryos/larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 93:103873. [PMID: 35504511 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The relative toxicity of glyphosate (GLY) and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) to zebrafish were compared. Embryos/larvae were exposed to one dose of either GLY (0.1, 1, or 10 μM), AMPA (0.1, 1, or 10 μM), or a 1 μM mixture for 7-days post-fertilization. Survival, success of hatch, and deformity frequency were not different from controls. Neither chemical induced reactive oxygen species in larval fish. GLY increased superoxide dismutase 2 mRNA in larvae while AMPA increased catalase and superoxide dismutase 1 in a concentration-specific manner. GLY increased cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1 and citrate synthase mRNA in larvae while AMPA decreased cytochrome c oxidase I and increased 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase transcripts. Hyperactivity was noted in fish treated with GLY, but not AMPA nor the mixture. Anxiety-like behaviors were absent with exposure to GLY or AMPA. GLY and AMPA may exert different effects at the molecular and behavioral level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ivantsova
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Andrew S Wengrovitz
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christopher L Souders
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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23
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Liu Z, Shangguan Y, Zhu P, Sultan Y, Feng Y, Li X, Ma J. Developmental toxicity of glyphosate on embryo-larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 236:113493. [PMID: 35398647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) induces developmental toxicity in fish, but research on the toxicity mechanism is limited. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed for 120 hpf to 0.7, 7, and 35 mg L-1 GLY. The results show that GLY treatment induced developmental toxicity in the fish, including premature hatching, reduced heartbeats, pericardial and yolk sac oedema, swim bladder deficiency, and shortened body length, which was possibly due to a significantly decreased triiodothyronine (T3)/thyroxine (T4) ratio and the abnormal expression patterns of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) (crh, tshβ, tr α, tr β, and t tr ) and growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis-related genes (gh, ghrα, ghrβ, igf1, igf1rα, and igf1rβ) in larvae exposed to GLY. In addition, GLY exposure altered the levels of SOD and CAT, increased ROS, promoted malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and significantly altered the levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signalling pathway factors (perk, eif2α, gadd34, atf4, ire1α, xbp1, atf6, hspa5, and chop), suggesting that GLY treatment induced oxidative injury and ER stress in the larvae. Further research showed that treatment with a higher concentration of GLY upregulated the levels of iNOS, IL-1β, and TNF-α while inhibiting the expression of IL-10 and TGF-β, suggesting that GLY causes an inflammatory reaction in the larvae. In addition, we also found that apoptosis was induced in the larvae, which was determined by acridine orange staining and abnormal expression of p53, caspase-3, -8, and -9. Taken together, our results demonstrate that GLY exposure altered the T3/T4 ratio, disturbed the expression patterns of HPT and GH/IGF axis-related genes, and induced oxidative and ER stress, inflammatory reactions, and apoptosis in the zebrafish larvae. This investigation contributes to improved understanding of the developmental toxicity mechanism of GLY in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Liu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yingying Shangguan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Penglin Zhu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yousef Sultan
- Department of Food Toxicology and Contaminants, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Yiyi Feng
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Junguo Ma
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
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24
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Costas-Ferreira C, Durán R, Faro LRF. Toxic Effects of Glyphosate on the Nervous System: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4605. [PMID: 35562999 PMCID: PMC9101768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate, a non-selective systemic biocide with broad-spectrum activity, is the most widely used herbicide in the world. It can persist in the environment for days or months, and its intensive and large-scale use can constitute a major environmental and health problem. In this systematic review, we investigate the current state of our knowledge related to the effects of this pesticide on the nervous system of various animal species and humans. The information provided indicates that exposure to glyphosate or its commercial formulations induces several neurotoxic effects. It has been shown that exposure to this pesticide during the early stages of life can seriously affect normal cell development by deregulating some of the signaling pathways involved in this process, leading to alterations in differentiation, neuronal growth, and myelination. Glyphosate also seems to exert a significant toxic effect on neurotransmission and to induce oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction, processes that lead to neuronal death due to autophagy, necrosis, or apoptosis, as well as the appearance of behavioral and motor disorders. The doses of glyphosate that produce these neurotoxic effects vary widely but are lower than the limits set by regulatory agencies. Although there are important discrepancies between the analyzed findings, it is unequivocal that exposure to glyphosate produces important alterations in the structure and function of the nervous system of humans, rodents, fish, and invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lilian R. F. Faro
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (C.C.-F.); (R.D.)
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25
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Jablonski CA, Pereira TCB, Teodoro LDS, Altenhofen S, Rübensam G, Bonan CD, Bogo MR. Acute toxicity of methomyl commercial formulation induces morphological and behavioral changes in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 89:107058. [PMID: 34942342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.107058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of pesticides has continue grown over recent years, leading to several environmental and health concerns, such as the contamination of surface and groundwater resources and associated biota, potentially affecting populations that are not primary targets of these complex chemical mixtures. In this work, we investigate lethal and sublethal effects of acute exposure of methomyl commercial formulation in zebrafish embryo and larvae. Methomyl is a broad-spectrum carbamate insecticide and acaricide that acts primarily in acetylcholinesterase inhibition (AChE). Methomyl formulation 96 h-LC50 was determined through the Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity Test (FET) and resulted in 1.2 g/L ± 0.04. Sublethal 6-day exposure was performed in six methomyl formulation concentrations (0.5; 1.0; 2.2; 4.8; 10.6; 23.3 mg/L) to evaluate developmental, physiological, morphological, behavioral, biochemical, and molecular endpoints of zebrafish early-development. Methomyl affected embryo hatching and larva morphology and behavior, especially in higher concentrations; resulting in smaller body and eyes size, failure in swimming bladder inflation, hypolocomotor activity, and concentration-dependent reduction of AChE activity; demonstrating methomyl strong acute toxicity and neurotoxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Alexandre Jablonski
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), School of Health and Life Sciences, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, CEP: 90.619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, CEP: 90.619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Talita Carneiro Brandão Pereira
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), School of Health and Life Sciences, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, CEP: 90.619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, CEP: 90.619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Lilian De Souza Teodoro
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), School of Health and Life Sciences, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, CEP: 90.619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, CEP: 90.619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Stefani Altenhofen
- Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6690, CEP: 90.610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Neurochemistry and Psychopharmacology Laboratory, School of Health and Life Sciences, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, CEP: 90.619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Rübensam
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, CEP: 90.619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Toxicology and Pharmacology Research Center, School of Health and Life Sciences, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, CEP: 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carla Denise Bonan
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), School of Health and Life Sciences, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, CEP: 90.619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, CEP: 90.619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6690, CEP: 90.610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Neurochemistry and Psychopharmacology Laboratory, School of Health and Life Sciences, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, CEP: 90.619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Maurício Reis Bogo
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), School of Health and Life Sciences, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, CEP: 90.619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, CEP: 90.619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6690, CEP: 90.610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Toxicology and Pharmacology Research Center, School of Health and Life Sciences, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, CEP: 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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26
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Le Du-Carrée J, Boukhari R, Cachot J, Cabon J, Louboutin L, Morin T, Danion M. Generational effects of a chronic exposure to a low environmentally relevant concentration of glyphosate on rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 801:149462. [PMID: 34411792 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, glyphosate became the most used herbicide substance worldwide. As a result, the substance is ubiquitous in surface waters. Concerns have been raised about its ecotoxicological impact, but little is known about its generational toxicity. In this study, we investigate the impact of an environmentally relevant concentration of glyphosate and its co-formulants on an F2 generation issued from exposed generations F0 and F1. Trans, inter and multigenerational toxicity of 1 μgL-1 of the active substance was evaluated on early stages of development and juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using different molecular, biochemical, immuno-hematologic, and biometric parameters, behavior analysis, and a viral challenge. Reproductive parameters of generation F1 were not affected. However, developmental toxicity in generation F2 due to glyphosate alone or co-formulated was observed with head size changes (e.g. head surface up to +10%), and metabolic disruptions (e.g. 35% reduction in cytochrome-c-oxidase). Moreover, larvae exposed transgenerationally to Viaglif and intergenerationally to glyphosate and Roundup presented a reduced response to light, potentially indicating altered escape behavior. Overall methylation was, however, not altered and further experiments using gene-specific DNA metylation analyses are required. After several months, biochemical parameters measured in juvenile fish were no longer impacted, only intergenerational exposure to glyphosate drastically increased the susceptibility of rainbow trout to hematopoietic necrosis virus. This result might be due to a lower antibody response in exposed fish. In conclusion, our results show that generational exposure to glyphosate induces developmental toxicity and increases viral susceptibility. Co-formulants present in glyphosate-based herbicides can modulate the toxicity of the active substance. Further investigations are required to study the specific mechanisms of transmission but our results suggest that both non-genetic mechanisms and exposure during germinal stage could be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Le Du-Carrée
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Fish Virology, Immunology and Ecotoxicology Unit, 29280 Plouzané, France; UBO University of Western Brittany, Brest, France.
| | - Rania Boukhari
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Fish Virology, Immunology and Ecotoxicology Unit, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- University of Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 33 600 Pessac, France
| | - Joëlle Cabon
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Fish Virology, Immunology and Ecotoxicology Unit, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Lénaïg Louboutin
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Fish Virology, Immunology and Ecotoxicology Unit, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Thierry Morin
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Fish Virology, Immunology and Ecotoxicology Unit, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Morgane Danion
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Fish Virology, Immunology and Ecotoxicology Unit, 29280 Plouzané, France
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27
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Lanzarin G, Venâncio C, Félix LM, Monteiro S. Inflammatory, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis Effects in Zebrafish Larvae after Rapid Exposure to a Commercial Glyphosate Formulation. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121784. [PMID: 34944599 PMCID: PMC8698920 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) are the most used herbicides in the world, carrying potentially adverse consequences to the environment and non-target species due to their massive and inadequate use. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of acute exposure to a commercial formulation of glyphosate, Roundup® Flex (RF), at environmentally relevant and higher concentrations in zebrafish larvae through the assessment of the inflammatory, oxidative stress and cell death response. Transgenic Tg(mpxGFP)i114 and wild-type (WT) zebrafish larvae (72 h post-fertilisation) were exposed to 1, 5, and 10 µg mL-1 of RF (based on the active ingredient concentration) for 4 h 30 min. A concentration of 2.5 µg mL-1 CuSO4 was used as a positive control. Copper sulphate exposure showed effectiveness in enhancing the inflammatory profile by increasing the number of neutrophils, nitric oxide (NO) levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cell death. None of the RF concentrations tested showed changes in the number of neutrophils and NO. However, the concentration of 10 µg a.i. mL-1 was able to induce an increase in ROS levels and cell death. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)), the biotransformation activity, the levels of reduced (GSH) and oxidised (GSSG) glutathione, lipid peroxidation (LPO), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were similar among groups. Overall, the evidence may suggest toxicological effects are dependent on the concentration of RF, although at concentrations that are not routinely detected in the environment. Additional studies are needed to better understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of this formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germano Lanzarin
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (L.M.F.); (S.M.)
| | - Carlos Venâncio
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís M. Félix
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3s), Laboratory Animal Science (LAS), Instituto de Biologia Molecular Celular (IBMC), University of Porto (UP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (L.M.F.); (S.M.)
| | - Sandra Monteiro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Biology and Environment (DeBA), School of Life and Environmental Sciences (ECVA), UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (L.M.F.); (S.M.)
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Soares D, Silva L, Duarte S, Pena A, Pereira A. Glyphosate Use, Toxicity and Occurrence in Food. Foods 2021; 10:2785. [PMID: 34829065 PMCID: PMC8622992 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is a systemic, broad-spectrum and post-emergent herbicide. The use of glyphosate has grown in the last decades, and it is currently the most used herbicide worldwide. The rise of glyphosate consumption over the years also brought an increased concern about its possible toxicity and consequences for human health. However, a scientific community consensus does not exist at the present time, and glyphosate's safety and health consequences are controversial. Since glyphosate is mainly applied in fields and can persist several months in the soil, concerns have been raised about the impact that its presence in food can cause in humans. Therefore, this work aims to review the glyphosate use, toxicity and occurrence in diverse food samples, which, in certain cases, occurs at violative levels. The incidence of glyphosate at levels above those legally allowed and the suspected toxic effects of this compound raise awareness regarding public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Soares
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.S.); (L.S.); (S.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Liliana Silva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.S.); (L.S.); (S.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Sofia Duarte
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.S.); (L.S.); (S.D.); (A.P.)
- Vasco da Gama Research Center, Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Angelina Pena
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.S.); (L.S.); (S.D.); (A.P.)
| | - André Pereira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.S.); (L.S.); (S.D.); (A.P.)
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Rezende ECN, Carneiro FM, de Moraes JB, Wastowski IJ. Trends in science on glyphosate toxicity: a scientometric study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:56432-56448. [PMID: 34057629 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14556-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As part of the most used herbicides, glyphosate is the most successful ingredient of agrochemical companies. The main objective of this study was to demonstrate research trends related to the glyphosate toxicity and its main effects on human and environmental health. For this purpose, 443 articles published, from 1995 to 2020, on the platform Web of Science™ Thomson Reuters were selected. The main toxicity results related in literature are genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and endocrine disruption. The environmental effects come mostly from the contamination of groundwater and soils. Several studies have concluded that herbicide concentrations right below the official safety limits induced toxic effects. The results presented a highlighted harmful effect of glyphosate on both human and environmental health. It has been observed that countries where publish the most about the glyphosate toxicity are great investors in large-scale agriculture. It is important to ponder that these countries are in a route of ecosystem exploitation that includes not only fauna and flora, but also human beings. Unfortunately, science does not provide concise data for these pesticide disapproval in the global consumer market. It is necessary to search sustainable global interest alternatives to increase agriculture production based on peoples' food sovereignty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Isabela Jubé Wastowski
- Mestrado em Ambiente e Sociedade/UEG, Morrinhos, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás UEG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Zhao L, Zhang J, Yang L, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Gao D, Jiang H, Li Y, Dong H, Ma T, Wang X, Wu M, Wang A, Jin Y, Yuan Y, Chen H. Glyphosate exposure attenuates testosterone synthesis via NR1D1 inhibition of StAR expression in mouse Leydig cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 785:147323. [PMID: 33957581 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide that impairs testosterone synthesis in mammals. Leydig cells (LCs), the primary producers of testosterone, demonstrate rhythmic expression of circadian clock genes both in vivo and in vitro. The nuclear receptor NR1D1 is an important clock component that constitutes the subsidiary transcriptional/translational loop in the circadian clock system. Nr1d1 deficiency resulted in diminished fertility in both male and female mice. However, whether NR1D1 is involved in the glyphosate-mediated inhibition of testosterone synthesis in LCs remains unclear. Here, the involvement of NR1D1 in glyphosate-mediated inhibition of testosterone synthesis was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Glyphosate exposure of TM3 cells significantly increased Nr1d1 mRNA levels, but decreased Bmal1, Per2, StAR, Cyp11a1, and Cyp17a1 mRNA levels. Western blotting confirmed elevated NR1D1 and reduced StAR protein levels following glyphosate exposure. Glyphosate exposure also reduced testosterone production in TM3 cells. In primary LCs, glyphosate exposure also upregulated Nr1d1 mRNA levels and downregulated the mRNA levels of other clock genes (Bmal1 and Per2) and steroidogenic genes (StAR, Cyp17a1, Cyp11a1, and Hsd3b2), and inhibited testosterone synthesis. Moreover, glyphosate exposure significantly reduced the amplitude and shortened the period of PER2::LUCIFERASE oscillations in primary LCs isolated from mPer2Luciferase knock-in mice. Four weeks of oral glyphosate upregulated NR1D1 at both the mRNA and protein levels in mouse testes, and this was accompanied by a reduction in StAR expression. Notably, serum testosterone levels were also drastically reduced in mice treated with glyphosate. Moreover, dual-luciferase reporter and EMSA assays revealed that in TM3 cells NR1D1 inhibits the expression of StAR by binding to a canonical RORE element present within its promoter. Together, these data demonstrate that glyphosate perturbs testosterone synthesis via NR1D1 mediated inhibition of StAR expression in mouse LCs. These findings extend our understanding of how glyphosate impairs male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Zhao
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Luda Yang
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haisen Zhang
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dengke Gao
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haizhen Jiang
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yating Li
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Dong
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tiantian Ma
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meina Wu
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yalin Yuan
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Huatao Chen
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Le Du-Carrée J, Saliou F, Cachot J, Morin T, Danion M. Developmental effect of parental or direct chronic exposure to environmental concentration of glyphosate on the larvae of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 237:105894. [PMID: 34186419 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The environmental safety profile of glyphosate, the most commonly used herbicide worldwide, is still a subject of debate and little is known about the generational toxicity of this active substance (AS) and the associated commercial formulations called "glyphosate-based herbicides" (GBHs). This study investigated the impact of parental and direct exposure to 1μgL-1 of glyphosate using the AS alone or one of two GBH formulations (i.e. Roundup Innovert® and Viaglif Jardin®) in the early developmental stages of rainbow trout. Three different modes of exposure on the F1 generation were studied: (1) intergenerational (i.e. fish only exposed through their parents); (2) direct (i.e. fish exposed only directly) and (3) multigenerational (i.e. fish both exposed intergenerationally and directly). The impact of chemical treatments on embryo-larval development (survival, biometry and malformations), swimming behaviour, biochemical markers of oxidative stress equilibrium (TBARS and catalase), acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and energy metabolism (citrate synthase, CS; cytochrome-c oxidase, CCO; lactate dehydrogenase, LDH; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6PDH) was explored. Chemical exposure did not affect the survival of F1 embryos or malformation rates. Direct exposure to the AS induced some biometric changes, such as reduction in head size (with a 10% decrease in head length), independently of co-formulants. Intergenerational exposure to the AS or the Roundup GBH increased swimming activity of the larvae, with increase of between 78 and 102% in travel speeds. Viaglif co-formulants appear to have counteracted this behavioural change. The minor changes detected in the assayed biochemical markers suggested that observed effects were not due to oxidative damage, AChE inhibition or alterations to energy metabolism. Nonetheless, multi- and intergenerational exposure to Roundup increased CS:CCO and LDH:CS ratios by 46% and 9%, respectively, with a potential modification of the aerobic-to-anaerobic energy production balance. These biochemical effects were not correlated with those observed on individual level of biological organization. Therefore, further studies on generational toxicity of glyphosate and its co-formulants are needed to identify the other mechanisms of glyphosate toxicity at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Le Du-Carrée
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Fish Virology, Immunology and Ecotoxicology Unit, 29280 Plouzané, France; UBO University of Western Brittany, Brest, France.
| | - Florian Saliou
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Fish Virology, Immunology and Ecotoxicology Unit, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Morin
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Fish Virology, Immunology and Ecotoxicology Unit, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Morgane Danion
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Fish Virology, Immunology and Ecotoxicology Unit, 29280 Plouzané, France
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32
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Capriello T, Félix LM, Monteiro SM, Santos D, Cofone R, Ferrandino I. Exposure to aluminium causes behavioural alterations and oxidative stress in the brain of adult zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 85:103636. [PMID: 33741517 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) water pollution is an increasing environmental problem. Accordingly, this study aimed to find out more about its toxic effects on aquatic organisms. Adult zebrafish were exposed to 11 mg/L of Al and the behavioural responses and its correlation with brain oxidative stress, antioxidant-defences, changes in metabolism and neurotransmission were assessed at 10, 15 and 20 days of exposure. The behavioural and locomotory responses, suggest an increase in the anxiety state, especially observed in animals exposed to Al for 15 days. The reactive oxygen species increased in a time-dependent trend, while the oxidative damage varied over exposure time. The activity of antioxidant enzymes, as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferases, and the metallothioneins levels increased after short-term exposures and tended to decrease or stabilize at longer times. The results contribute to understand the toxic mechanisms activated by Al highlighting correlations like behavioural disorders and oxidative state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Capriello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Luis M Félix
- Laboratory Animal Science (LAS), Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Sandra M Monteiro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Dércia Santos
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rita Cofone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Ida Ferrandino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy; BAT Center - Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, Portici, NA, Italy.
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Capriello T, Monteiro SM, Félix LM, Donizetti A, Aliperti V, Ferrandino I. Apoptosis, oxidative stress and genotoxicity in developing zebrafish after aluminium exposure. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 236:105872. [PMID: 34052719 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium is a non-essential metal and potentially toxic to organisms whose environmental concentration increases due to pollution. In our previous studies, the behavioral changes induced by aluminium were already shown on zebrafish, a model organism widely used for ecotoxicology screening. To examine in depth the knowledge about the toxicity mechanism induced by this metal, zebrafish embryos, at 6 hpf, have been exposed to 50, 100 and 200 µM of AlCl3 for 72 h. Phenotypic alterations, apoptosis and oxidative stress responses have been assessed by evaluations of antioxidant defence and changes in metabolism at the end of treatment. The mRNA expression level of c-fos, appa and appb as marker genes of neural development and function were analyzed by qPCR for the highest used concentration. The data showed that aluminium significantly affected the development of zebrafish inducing morphological alterations and cell death. The oxidative state of larvae was altered, although the formation of reactive oxygen species and the levels of metallothioneins, and the activity of some antioxidant enzymes, decreased at the maximum concentration tested. In addition, at this concentration, the expression of the evaluated genes increased. The comprehensive information obtained gives a realistic snapshot of the aluminium toxicity and provides new information on the mechanism of action of this metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Capriello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Sandra M Monteiro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB); Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Luis M Félix
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB); Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Laboratory Animal Science (LAS), Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Aldo Donizetti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Vincenza Aliperti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Ida Ferrandino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy; BAT Center - Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, Portici, Italy.
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Ferreira T, Nascimento-Gonçalves E, Macedo S, Borges I, Gama A, M Gil da Costa R, Neuparth MJ, Lanzarin G, Venâncio C, Félix L, Gaivão I, Alvarado A, Pires MJ, Bastos MMSM, Medeiros R, Nogueira A, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR, Rosa E, Oliveira PA. Toxicological and anti-tumor effects of a linden extract ( Tilia platyphyllos Scop.) in a HPV16-transgenic mouse model. Food Funct 2021; 12:4005-4014. [PMID: 33978005 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00225b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Tilia platyphyllos Scop. is a popular broad-leaved tree, native to Central and Southern Europe. Hydroethanolic extracts rich in phenolic compounds obtained from T. platyphyllos Scop. have shown in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. The aim of this work was to evaluate the therapeutic properties of a hydroethanolic extract obtained from T. platyphyllos in HPV16-transgenic mice. The animals were divided into eight groups according to their sex and phenotype. Four groups of female: HPV+ exposed to linden (HPV linden; n = 6), HPV+ (HPV water; n = 4), HPV- exposed to linden (WT linden; n = 5) and HPV- (WT water; n = 4) and four groups of male: HPV+ exposed to linden (HPV linden; n = 5), HPV+ (HPV water; n = 5), HPV- exposed to linden (WT linden; n = 5) and HPV- (WT water; n = 7). The linden (Tilia platyphyllos Scop.) extract was orally administered at a dose of 4.5 mg/10 mL per animal (dissolved in water) and changed daily for 33 days. The hydroethanolic extract of T. platyphyllos consisted of protocatechuic acid and (-)-epicatechin as the most abundant phenolic acid and flavonoid, respectively, and was found to be stable during the studied period. In two male groups a significant positive weight gain was observed but without association with the linden extract. Histological, biochemical, and oxidative stress analyses for the evaluation of kidney and liver damage support the hypothesis that the linden extract is safe and well-tolerated under the present experimental conditions. Skin histopathology does not demonstrate the chemopreventive effect of the linden extract against HPV16-induced lesions. The linden extract has revealed a favourable toxicological profile; however, additional studies are required to determine the chemopreventive potential of the linden extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Ferreira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Elisabete Nascimento-Gonçalves
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Sara Macedo
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Inês Borges
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Adelina Gama
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rui M Gil da Costa
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal. and Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal and LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal and Postgraduate Programme in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Tumour and DNA Biobank, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Brazil
| | - Maria J Neuparth
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Germano Lanzarin
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Venâncio
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Luís Félix
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal. and i3s, LAS, IBMC, UP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gaivão
- Department of Genetic and Biotechnology and CECAV, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Antonieta Alvarado
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal. and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusophone University of Humanities and Technologies, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria J Pires
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Margarida M S M Bastos
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal and Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal and Virology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal and CEBIMED, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal and Research Department of the Portuguese League Against Cancer-Regional Nucleus of the North (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro-Núcleo Regional do Norte), Porto, Portugal
| | - António Nogueira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rosa
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
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Lanzarin GAB, Venâncio CAS, Monteiro SM, Félix LM. Behavioural toxicity of environmental relevant concentrations of a glyphosate commercial formulation - RoundUp® UltraMax - During zebrafish embryogenesis. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126636. [PMID: 32276117 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of herbicides with glyphosate as an active ingredient (a.i.) has increased dramatically in recent years, with its residues often being found in either soil or water. Nevertheless, concerns have arisen about its harmful side effects for both ecosystems and wildlife health. Therefore, the objective of this work was to assess the effects of a commercial formulation of glyphosate (RoundUp® UltraMax), at environmentally relevant concentrations on zebrafish embryos through a set of behavioural patterns. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0, 1, 2 and 5 μg a.i. mL-1 concentrations of the glyphosate formulation for 72 h (from 2.5 to 75 h post-fertilization (hpf)). After exposure, larvae were washed and allowed to develop until 144 hpf. At this point, the larvae behaviour was evaluated using a battery of tests to assess the general exploratory motility, escape-like responses, anxiety-related behaviours and social interactions. In addition, cortisol levels were assessed. No significant changes were observed relative to the exploratory behaviour in the standard open field. The anxiety-related behaviours were similar among groups, and no social interference was observed following exposure to these glyphosate concentrations. Likewise, cortisol levels remained similar among treatments. Still, the larvae exposed to 5 μg a.i. mL-1 did not react to the presence of an aversive stimulus, supporting glyphosate-induced changes in the sensory-motor coordination during development. In general, these results indicate a possible neurotoxic effect of this glyphosate-based formulation that should be further evaluated. In addition, the results obtained could impose a risk for wildlife sensitive species that should not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germano A B Lanzarin
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos A S Venâncio
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Animal Science, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Sandra M Monteiro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Animal Science, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís M Félix
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3s), Laboratory Animal Science (LAS), Instituto de Biologia Molecular Celular (IBMC), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.
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Garbinato C, Schneider SE, Sachett A, Decui L, Conterato GM, Müller LG, Siebel AM. Exposure to ractopamine hydrochloride induces changes in heart rate and behavior in zebrafish embryos and larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:21468-21475. [PMID: 32277412 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Different veterinary drugs have been widely found in surface and groundwater, affecting non-target organisms. Ractopamine (RAC) is one of these drugs found in water bodies. It is a β-adrenergic agonist used as a feed additive to modulate the metabolism, redirect nutrients from the adipose tissue towards muscles, and increase protein synthesis in swine, cattle, and turkeys. RAC shows toxicological potential, but there is no data about its impacts on the development of non-target organisms, such as zebrafish (Danio rerio). In this study, we evaluated the effect of the exposure to this feed additive on critical parameters (hatching, survival, spontaneous movement, heart rate, and exploratory and locomotor behavior) in zebrafish embryos and larvae. The animals were exposed to RAC hydrochloride at 0.1, 0.2, 0.85, 8.5, and 85 μg/L. Zebrafish exposed to the drug showed increased heart rate at all tested concentrations and alterations on locomotion and exploratory behavior at 85 μg/L. No changes were observed in the survival, hatching rate and spontaneous movement. Our results suggest that RAC present in the environment can induce disabling effects on non-target organisms and elicit an ecological imbalance by increasing the animals' vulnerability to predation due to greater visibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Garbinato
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecotoxicologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D, Chapecó, SC, 89809-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecotoxicologia Molecular, Curso de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D, Chapecó, SC, 89809-900, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Ester Schneider
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecotoxicologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D, Chapecó, SC, 89809-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecotoxicologia Molecular, Curso de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D, Chapecó, SC, 89809-900, Brazil
| | - Adrieli Sachett
- Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia e Comportamento, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura Decui
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecotoxicologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D, Chapecó, SC, 89809-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecotoxicologia Molecular, Curso de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D, Chapecó, SC, 89809-900, Brazil
| | - Greicy M Conterato
- Laboratório de Fisiologia da Reprodução Animal, Departamento de Agricultura, Biodiversidade e Floresta, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus de Curitibanos, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil
| | - Liz Girardi Müller
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecotoxicologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D, Chapecó, SC, 89809-900, Brazil
| | - Anna Maria Siebel
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecotoxicologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D, Chapecó, SC, 89809-900, Brazil.
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37
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Menezes TM, Gaião WDC, de Almeida Sousa Lima LC, da Silva AKB, Lima LWS, de Souza Pereira ÁM, da Silva LC, da Silva VL, de Souza Franco E, Paz ST, Maia CS, da Silva TMS, de Sousa Maia MB. Evaluation of acute oral toxicity, embryotoxicity and cytotoxicity of the polar fraction of Parkinsonia aculeata aerial parts extract. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:19-27. [PMID: 32440335 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacobotanical information reports that Parkinsonia aculeata infusion is used to control diabetes-related complications and dyslipidemia. However, few studies are reported on the safe use of this species. The aim of this study is to evaluate the acute toxicity, embryotoxicity and cytotoxicity of a polar fraction obtained from hydroethanolic extract of P. aculeata (PfrHEPA). For the acute toxicity test, we considered the Up and Down method which the guidelines are described by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD N°425). The animals were treated with PfrHEPA (2000 mg/kg) or with distilled water (10 ml/kg) by gavage and observed from Day 1 to14. For embryotoxicity assay, zebrafish embryos were exposed to PfrHEPA (100 mg/L) and toxicity parameters were observed during four consecutive days. The cytotoxicity of PfrHEPA (5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 μg/ml, respectively) was performed on normal cell lines (mesenchymal stem cells, African green monkey renal cells and mouse pre-adipocytes 3 T3-L1 using the MTT salt reduction assay. In the acute toxicity test, no mortality was observed in mice treated with PfrHEPA (2000 mg/kg), as well as behavioral changes, histopathological abnormalities and hematological and biochemical variables. In the embryotoxicity test, no abnormal changes related to the toxicological parameters were observed in the period of 96 h. Regarding the cytotoxicity assay, PfrHEPA showed no cytotoxic effect on the normal cell lines tested, with an IC50 value > 100 μg/ml. These results suggest the safe use of P. aculeata, however, more trials are needed for PfrHEPA to be presented as new safe therapeutic proposal for the control of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamires Meira Menezes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Laísa Wanessa Santos Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Luciano Clemente da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Valdir Luna da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Silvania Tavares Paz
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Carina Scanoni Maia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Turhan DÖ, Güngördü A, Ozmen M. Developmental and lethal effects of glyphosate and a glyphosate-based product on Xenopus laevis embryos and tadpoles. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:173-179. [PMID: 31932905 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02774-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Effects of pure glyphosate and a glyphosate-based product were evaluated comparatively using two embryonic development stages of Xenopus laevis as model system. When pure glyphosate was applied in pH adjusted media, lethal or developmental effects were not observed at concentrations up to 500 mg L-1. The 96 h LC50 values for the commercial herbicide, in contrast, were 32.1 and 35.1 mg active ingredient L-1 for embryos and tadpoles, respectively. Since pure glyphosate has no effect on the selected biomarkers, it is thought that developmental toxic effects caused by glyphosate-based products are increased mainly due to formulation additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Özhan Turhan
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Abbas Güngördü
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Murat Ozmen
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
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Zhang JW, Xu DQ, Feng XZ. The toxic effects and possible mechanisms of glyphosate on mouse oocytes. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 237:124435. [PMID: 31352102 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a high-efficiency, low-toxicity, broad-spectrum herbicide. The residues of glyphosate-based herbicides are frequent pollutants in the environment. However, the effects of glyphosate on oocyte maturation, as well as its possible mechanisms, remain unclear. The present study revealed that mouse oocytes had reduced rates of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and first polar body extrusion (PBE) after treatment with 500 μM glyphosate. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were found in mouse oocytes exposed to glyphosate, as shown by changes in the mRNA expression of related antioxidant enzyme genes (cat, sod2, gpx). After 14 h of exposure to glyphosate, metaphase II (MII) mouse oocytes displayed an abnormal spindle morphology and DNA double-strand breaks (DNA-DSBs). Simultaneously, mitochondria showed an aggregated distribution and decreased membrane potential in mouse oocytes exposed to glyphosate. The protein expression levels of apoptosis factors (Bax, Bcl-2) and the mRNA expression levels of apoptosis-related genes (bax, bcl-2, caspase3) were measured by Western blot and qRT-PCR, respectively. Meanwhile, the expression levels of autophagy-related genes (lc3, atg14, mtor) and proteins (LC3, Atg12) were significantly decreased in the glyphosate treatment group compared with the control group. Collectively, our results indicated that glyphosate exposure could interfere with mouse oocyte maturation by generating oxidative stress and early apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ding-Qi Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xi-Zeng Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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