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Halkijevic I, Licht K, Kosar V, Bogdan L. Degradation of the neonicotinoid pesticide imidacloprid by electrocoagulation and ultrasound. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8836. [PMID: 38632355 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59568-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Imidacloprid is still a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide that is banned in many countries because of the associated environmental risks. Due to the inefficiency of conventional wastewater treatments for pesticide removal, new treatment methods are being investigated. Electrochemical methods, including electrocoagulation (EC), seem to be promising alternatives considering their effectiveness in removing various pollutants from wastewater. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of electrode material, current density, ultrasound, and operation time on the efficiency of imidacloprid removal from a model solution by EC. The combination of aluminum electrodes and 20 A of applied current for 20 min resulted in total imidacloprid degradation. A simplified energy balance was introduced as a form of process evaluation. Combining ultrasound with EC resulted in 7% to 12% greater efficacy than using only EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Halkijevic
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb, Kaciceva 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Licht
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb, Kaciceva 6, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Vanja Kosar
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Savska 16, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Bogdan
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Savska 16, Zagreb, Croatia
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2
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Dixit U, Singh K, Mohan S, Singh AK, Kumar A. Surface activity, mechanisms, kinetics, and thermodynamic study of adsorption of malachite green dye onto sulfuric acid-functionalized Moringa oleifera leaves from aqueous solution. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 196:78. [PMID: 38135791 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, activated carbon prepared from H2SO4-functionalized Moringa oleifera leaves (ACMOL) was used as a potential adsorbent for the effective removal of malachite green (MG) dye from aqueous media. FT-IR, SEM, EDS, Zeta potential, XRD, BET, proximate, and CHNS analysis techniques were used for surface characterization of the ACMOL. The adsorption efficiency of the ACMOL was investigated as a function of varying adsorbent dosage (0.02-0.2 g/100 mL), pH (3.0-9.0), ionic strength (0.1-0.5 M KCl), urea concentration (0.1-0.5 M), contact time (30-210 min), and temperature (303-323 K). The representative adsorption isotherms belong to the typical L-type. Maximum percentage removal was found to be 84% (124.40 mg/g) for MG dye concentration (30 mg/L) at pH 7.0 and 303 K with ACMOL dose 0.02 g/100 mL. The adsorption kinetics and equilibrium experimental data of MG dye adsorption on the ACMOL were well explained by the pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.99) and Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.99), respectively. The value of adsorption and desorption coefficient was found to be 0.036 min-1 and 0.025 mg min-1/L, respectively. Thermodynamic study showed the spontaneous (ΔG° = - 31.33, - 31.92, and - 32.49 kJ/mol at temperatures 303 K, 313 K, and 323 K, respectively) and exothermic (ΔH° = - 13.7 kJ/mol) nature of the adsorption with some structural changes occurring on the ACMOL surface (ΔS° = 58.198 J/K·mol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Dixit
- Surface Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Decision Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University) Lucknow, 226025, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kaman Singh
- Surface Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Decision Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University) Lucknow, 226025, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Sudhanshu Mohan
- Physical Chemistry Division, National Sugar Institute, Kanpur, 208017, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
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3
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Najafinejad MS, Chianese S, Fenti A, Iovino P, Musmarra D. Application of Electrochemical Oxidation for Water and Wastewater Treatment: An Overview. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104208. [PMID: 37241948 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the discharge of various emerging pollutants, chemicals, and dyes in water and wastewater has represented one of the prominent human problems. Since water pollution is directly related to human health, highly resistant and emerging compounds in aquatic environments will pose many potential risks to the health of all living beings. Therefore, water pollution is a very acute problem that has constantly increased in recent years with the expansion of various industries. Consequently, choosing efficient and innovative wastewater treatment methods to remove contaminants is crucial. Among advanced oxidation processes, electrochemical oxidation (EO) is the most common and effective method for removing persistent pollutants from municipal and industrial wastewater. However, despite the great progress in using EO to treat real wastewater, there are still many gaps. This is due to the lack of comprehensive information on the operating parameters which affect the process and its operating costs. In this paper, among various scientific articles, the impact of operational parameters on the EO performances, a comparison between different electrochemical reactor configurations, and a report on general mechanisms of electrochemical oxidation of organic pollutants have been reported. Moreover, an evaluation of cost analysis and energy consumption requirements have also been discussed. Finally, the combination process between EO and photocatalysis (PC), called photoelectrocatalysis (PEC), has been discussed and reviewed briefly. This article shows that there is a direct relationship between important operating parameters with the amount of costs and the final removal efficiency of emerging pollutants. Optimal operating conditions can be achieved by paying special attention to reactor design, which can lead to higher efficiency and more efficient treatment. The rapid development of EO for removing emerging pollutants from impacted water and its combination with other green methods can result in more efficient approaches to face the pressing water pollution challenge. PEC proved to be a promising pollutants degradation technology, in which renewable energy sources can be adopted as a primer to perform an environmentally friendly water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simeone Chianese
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
| | - Angelo Fenti
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
| | - Pasquale Iovino
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Dino Musmarra
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
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4
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Troitskaia IB, Syrokvashin MM, Korotaev EV, Saprykin AI. Effect of gas-chromatography column regeneration during the CHN/S analysis of copper-chromium disulfide. CHIMICA TECHNO ACTA 2022. [DOI: 10.15826/chimtech.2022.9.4.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of gas-chromatography column (GCC) regeneration during the CHN/S analysis of copper-chromium disulfide CuCrS2 (CCDS) samples on the Euro EA 3000 analyzer was identified. The effect results in a perfect straight baseline on the chromatograms of both CuCrS2 and standard samples. The obtained straight baseline causes high-quality peaks separation. In addition, the reported regeneration procedure reduces significantly the GCC regeneration duration that usually takes up to several days.
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Kumari S, Kumar RN. How effective aerated continuous electrocoagulation can be for tetracycline removal from river water using aluminium electrodes? CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135476. [PMID: 35760132 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study assessed the effects of aeration on continuous electrocoagulation (EC) for tetracycline (TCL) removal from river water. Influence of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and initial drug concentration on treatment efficiency was tested. Best conditions for continuous EC operation were 12 min HRT, electrode spacing 2 cm, 9 V, and Al-Al electrode combination. Highest COD removal with non-aerated EC was 59.4% at 1 mg L-1 initial TCL concentration and further increasing TCL concentration decreased COD removal efficiency. Maximum TCL removal was 66.6% at 10 mg L-1 initial TCL concentration with non-aerated EC. Aerated EC enhanced COD and TCL removal to 61.4% and 71.5%, respectively. In XRD and FTIR spectra no new peaks were detected following EC treatment. XRD, FTIR and FESEM-EDS data supported that significant removal of TCL occurred by charge neutralization, entrapment, adsorption and precipitation driven by Al (OH)3 flocs. Pseudo-second order reaction rate constants explained the kinetics of TCL removal from river water. Sludge volume produced with continuous mode EC non-aerated and aerated EC was 31 cm3 and 39 cm3, respectively. Operating cost was estimated to 0.018 US$/m3 for non-aerated EC and 0.025 US$/m3 for aerated EC. EC can be augmented by aeration for enhanced removal of TCL from river water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Kumari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - R Naresh Kumar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India.
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Biswas B, Goel S. Electrocoagulation and electrooxidation technologies for pesticide removal from water or wastewater: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134709. [PMID: 35489460 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are known to be threats to the environment and human health. Excessive use of pesticides in agricultural practice can contaminate water bodies, leading to cancer, asthma, neurological disorders, reproductive defects, and hormonal disruption. Electrochemical methods such as electrocoagulation and electrooxidation can be used for pesticide removal due to their numerous advantages such as high efficiency, less sludge production, and low operational cost. During electrocoagulation, dissolution of anode metals results in metal hydroxide complexes, which precipitate with the contaminant present in the reactor. Simultaneously, electro-flotation occurs at the cathode and results in the evolution of hydrogen gas bubbles, leading to flotation of floc to the top surface of the reactor. This review focuses on the removal mechanisms, kinetics, modeling, effects of influencing factors, and sludge characterization of pesticide removal using electrocoagulation and electrooxidation. Major influencing factors include cell configuration, electrode material, current density, pH, supporting electrolyte concentration. In general, aluminum and iron are the most common electrodes used for pesticide removal using electrocoagulation, while boron-doped diamond was used to a far greater extent as the electrode in electrooxidation studies. Greater than 99% removal efficiency was observed in both processes. Overall, this review summarizes the use of electrochemical methods for pesticide removal and offers valuable information to researchers in this area of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishwatma Biswas
- Environmental Engineering and Management, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudha Goel
- Environmental Engineering and Management, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India.
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7
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Wan Y, Liu J, Pi F, Wang J. Advances on removal of organophosphorus pesticides with electrochemical technology. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8850-8867. [PMID: 35426753 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2062586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Widespread use of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs), especially superfluous and unreasonable use, had brought huge harm to the environment and food chain. It is because only a small part of the pesticides sprayed reached the target, and the rest slid across the soil, causing pollution of groundwater and surface water resources. These pesticides accumulate in the environment, causing environmental pollution. Therefore, in recent years, the control and degradation of OPs have become a public spotlight and research hotspot. Due to its unique advantages such as versatility, environmental compatibility, controllability, and cost-effectiveness compatibility, electrochemical technology has become one of the most promising methods for degradation of OPs. The fundamental knowledge about electrochemical degradation on OPs was introduced in this review. Then, a comprehensive overview of four main types of practical electrochemical technologies to degrade pesticides were presented and evaluated. The knowledge contained herein should conduce to better understand the degradation of pesticides by electrochemical technology, and better exploit the degradation of pesticides in the environment and food. Overall, the objective of this review is to provide comprehensive guidance for rational design and application of electrochemical technology in the degradation of OPs for the safety of the environment and food chain in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuwei Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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8
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Yang H, Cai J, Sun J, Zhou Z, Zhang Y, Xia S. Treatment of oil-based drilling cuttings using the demulsification separation-Fenton oxidation method. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:64307-64321. [PMID: 34304353 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, demulsification separation-Fenton oxidation technology was employed as a combined technology to treat total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in oil-based drill cuttings (OBDC). Batch experiments were carried out to optimize the technology parameter. Under the optimal condition, 70% and 51% TPH removal rate was obtained for demulsification technology and Fenton oxidation technology, respectively. Eighty-five percent of TPH removal rate was obtained using combination technology of demulsification separation and Fenton oxidation. Multiple characterizations were used to analyze the physical and chemical properties of treated OBDC. The result of XRD pattern indicated the combination technology had no obvious effect for structure phase of OBDC. The results of FTIR, GC-MS, TG-DTG and SEM were used to characterize the treated OBDC. This paper provides an efficient and feasible combined technology for OBDC treatment, which expands a new strategy for the removal of TPH from solid waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Untreatedwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxi Cai
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianfa Sun
- China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation Jianghan Oilfield Branch No. 1 Gas Production Plant, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Zejun Zhou
- Chongqing Fuling Shale Gas Environmental Protection R&D and Technical Service Center, Chongqing, 422802, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Untreatedwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shibin Xia
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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9
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Kim H, Lee J, Sadeghi K, Seo J. Controlled self-release of ClO2 as an encapsulated antimicrobial agent for smart packaging. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Tang X, Shen L, Liu S, Gao J. Effective removal of the herbicide glyphosate by the kelp Saccharina japonica female gametophytes from saline waters and its mechanism elucidation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129826. [PMID: 33556661 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate has been widely and extensively used for weed control because of its excellent herbicidal profile and low costs. However, more than 750 glyphosate products are on the market and are increasingly regarded as water pollutants as they cause adverse effects on aquatic life. Dry cell weight and photosynthesis of Saccharina japonica female gametophytes increased when glyphosate was used as the sole phosphorus source at the concentration of less than 20 mg L-1. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis unambiguously confirmed that female gametophytes of the brown alga Saccharina japonica have the capability of breaking the C-P bond of glyphosate to orthophosphate, which finds the enormous potential of the most common seaweed to degrade the most widely used herbicide in the world. Furthermore, this is the first report on the use of glyphosate as the sole phosphorus source for the growth of eukaryotic cells. Because of the wide distribution and relatively easy cultivation of the fast-growing brown alga Saccharina japonica on the coast, our results set a promising stage for developing large macroalgae-based biotechnologies that can be applied for the remediation of contaminated seawater, which is greener and more cost-effective than conventional treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Maricultural Technology, Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571126, China
| | - Linsong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shangshu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jiangtao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Sahu O. Suitability of electro-chemical reactor with copper electrode for sugar industry wastewater treatment: optimization of parameters, mechanism, kinetics and sludge analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2021-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The waste water generated from sugar industry contains a high degree of organic pollutant. Treating the sugar industry wastewater is thus crucial important for the environmental concern. The treated water can be reprocessed in different unit operation due to lack of fresh water. The purpose of this research work is to treat the sugarcane processing industry wastewater by electrochemical technology. The experiment was carried out with the copper electrode in batch mode. The input process parameters were optimized by using response surface methodology. At optimum condition at pH 6.79, current 4.97, electrode distance 1.41 and treatment ∼30 min, maximum 87.07% of chemical oxygen demand and 99.18% color removals was attained. A fairly high predicted value of regression coefficient for chemical oxygen demand (Pre-R
2) 0.81 and color (Pre-R
2) 0.851 and adjacent value for chemical oxygen demand (Adj-R
2) 0.46 and color (Adj-R
2) 0.589 was obtained between the experimental values and the calculate values by using a second-order regression model. The physicochemical characterizations of scum reveal less percentage of inorganic and it cane used as a micronutrient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omprakash Sahu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , UIE Chandigarh University , Mohali , India
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12
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Perumalsamy R, Kumaran C, Rajamanickam V. Utilization of Waste Aluminium Foil as a Sacrificial Electrode for the Treatment of Wastewater. J ELECTROCHEM SCI TE 2021. [DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2020.01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Moradi M, Vasseghian Y, Arabzade H, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Various wastewaters treatment by sono-electrocoagulation process: A comprehensive review of operational parameters and future outlook. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128314. [PMID: 33297249 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical processes are a promising alternative to traditional water treatment systems because they have advantages than conventional techniques such as chemical storage, small treatment systems, no alkalinity depletion, remote adjustment, and cost-effectiveness. The most crucial electrochemical method is Electrocoagulation (EC). Through creating cationic species, the EC causes the neutralization of pollutant surface charges and destabilizes suspended, emulsified or dissolved contaminants led to attracting particles of opposite charge and form flocculants. The main drawback of the EC process is a passive film forming on the electrode surface over time. Ultrasonic (US) waves breaking down sediments formed at the electrode surface and generate high amounts of radical species to remove pollutants by creating high-pressure points inside the solution during the cavitation phenomenon. Although EC systems are considered as an exemplary renaissance in water and wastewater treatment, various parameters related to these types of systems in pollutant degradation have not been fully addressed. To present a comprehensive vision of the current state of the art, and progress the treatment efficiency and agitate new studies in these fields, this review aimed to provide an overview of electrocoagulation's application in pollutant degradation, besides the advantages, associated disadvantages and further strategies for improving the performance of this technique. Moreover, this review discussed various parameters affecting the EC/US process, including nanoparticles addition, electrolyte concentration, current intensity, electrode distance, temperature, oxidant addition, pH, pollutant concentration, reaction time, and electrode combination, chloride addition, and ultrasonic frequency. Also, the efficiency of the EC/US process for disinfection, as well as treatment of car-washing, textile, pulp, and paper industry, oily, brewery wastewater, surfactant, humic acid, and heavy metals, are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Moradi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yasser Vasseghian
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam; The Faculty of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam.
| | - Hossein Arabzade
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Al-Raad AA, Hanafiah MM, Naje AS, Ajeel MA. Optimized parameters of the electrocoagulation process using a novel reactor with rotating anode for saline water treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:115049. [PMID: 32599327 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel rotating anode-based reactor (RAR) was designed to investigate its effectiveness in removing dissolved salts (i.e., Br-, Cl-, TDS, and SO42-) from saline water samples. Two configurations of an impeller's rotating anode with various operation factors, such as operating time (min), rotating speed (rpm), current density (mA/cm2), temperature (°C), pH, and inter-electrode space (cm), were used in the desalination process. The total cost consumed was calculated on the basis of the energy consumption and aluminum (Al) used in the desalination. In this respect, operating costs were calculated using optimal operating conditions. Salinity was removed electrochemically from saline water through electrocoagulation (EC). Results showed that the optimal adjustments for treating saline water were carried out at the following conditions: 150 and 75 rpm rotating speeds for the impeller's rod anode and plate anode designs, respectively; 2 mA/cm2 current density (I), 1 cm2 inter-electrode space, 25 °C temperature, 10 min operation time, and pH 8. The results indicated that EC technology with impeller plates of rotating anode can be considered a very cost-effective technique for treating saline water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas A Al-Raad
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biology, College of Science, Al Muthanna University, Samawa 66001, Iraq
| | - Marlia M Hanafiah
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre for Tropical Climate Change System, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmed Samir Naje
- Collage of Water Resource Engineering, AL-Qasim Green University, Babylon 51031, Iraq
| | - Mohammed A Ajeel
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Environment and Energy, Al-Karkh University of Science, Baghdad 00964, Iraq
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Hashim KS, Ali SSM, AlRifaie JK, Kot P, Shaw A, Al Khaddar R, Idowu I, Gkantou M. Escherichia coli inactivation using a hybrid ultrasonic-electrocoagulation reactor. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125868. [PMID: 31931320 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, a new hybrid ultrasonic-electrocoagulation reactor (U-E reactor) has been used to inactivate Escherichia coli in water. The new hybrid reactor consists of an ultrasonic bath fitted with four perforated aluminium electrodes. These perforated electrodes are designed to act as baffle-plates to enhance the water-mixing process. The electrodes eliminate the need for external mixing devices, which in turn, enhances the cost-effectiveness of the unit. Initially, the ability of the electrocoagulation to inactivate E. coli was optimised for different operating parameters such as electrolysing time (Te), electrodes spacing (ES) and current density (CD). The ultrasonic field was then applied over different time periods (Tu), during the course of the electrolysing process. Statistical analyses have been conducted to assess the relative effect of each operating parameter on the inactivation of E. coli. An economic study has also been conducted to assess the operating costs of the U-E reactor. The results revealed that the new U-E reactor inactivated 100% of the E. coli within 11 min of electrolysis at ES of 5 mm, CD of 1.5 mA/cm2, and an operation cost of 0.212 US $/m3. It was been established that the relative effect of operating parameters on E.coli inactivation followed the order: Te>Tu>CD>ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid S Hashim
- BEST Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK; Department of Environment Engineering, Babylon University, Babylon, Iraq.
| | | | | | - Patryk Kot
- BEST Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andy Shaw
- BEST Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rafid Al Khaddar
- BEST Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ibijoke Idowu
- BEST Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michaela Gkantou
- BEST Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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