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Leite C, Russo T, Pinto J, Polese G, Soares AMVM, Pretti C, Pereira E, Freitas R. From the cellular to tissue alterations induced by two rare earth elements in the mussel species Mytilus galloprovincialis: Comparison between exposure and recovery periods. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:169754. [PMID: 38163599 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The global effort to achieve carbon neutrality has led to an increased demand for renewable energy technologies and their raw materials, namely rare earth elements (REEs). These elements possess unique properties and are used in various applications. However, the increased use of REE-based technologies has resulted in higher amounts of electronic waste, leading to elevated REEs concentrations found in the aquatic environment, with poorly understood threats to wildlife. Praseodymium (Pr) and europium (Eu) are two REEs that, despite their potential environmental risks, have almost unknown effects on aquatic organisms. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the impacts of different concentrations of Pr and Eu (0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 μg/L) in the mussel species Mytilus galloprovincialis, as well as their ability to recover from exposure to the highest concentration. Mussels accumulated both elements in a dose-dependent manner, with the accumulation of Pr being higher. Accompanying the increase of metabolism, mussels exposed to Pr not only enhanced the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (up to 40 μg/L) and glutathione reductase (at 80 μg/L) but also the activity of the biotransformation enzymes carboxylesterases (CbE's) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) (at 80 μg/L). Nevertheless, these defence mechanisms were not sufficient to prevent cellular damage. All the Eu concentrations induced cellular damage, despite an increase in the activity of biotransformation enzymes (CbE's and GSTs) in mussel tissue. According to the histopathology assessment, mussels were not able to recover after exposure to both elements and lower concentrations induced higher injuries in digestive tubules. This study highlights that exposure to Pr and Eu had adverse effects on M. galloprovincialis, even at the lowest tested concentration, which may eventually impact mussels' growth, reproductive capacity, and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Leite
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tania Russo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - João Pinto
- Department of Chemistry & LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Gianluca Polese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlo Pretti
- Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Biology of Leghorn "G. Bacci", 57128 Livorno, Italy; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Eduarda Pereira
- Department of Chemistry & LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Cangola J, Abagale FK, Cobbina SJ. A systematic review of pharmaceutical and personal care products as emerging contaminants in waters: The panorama of West Africa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 911:168633. [PMID: 37981152 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) are widely used to prevent or treat human and animal diseases, thereby improving the quality of daily life. Poor management of post-consumer products is recognized worldwide, as they negatively affect the ecosystems where they are discharged. The first action to prevent negative impacts is the state of knowledge regarding their occurrence. This paper critically reports the panorama of West Africa in terms of PPCPs occurrence in different water sources. To achieve this objective, a systematic review was conducted on PPCPs in West Africa following the PRISMA guidelines. Databases, including African Journals Online, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Dimensions, were used for this search. Thirty-five articles, representing 58 % of West African countries, were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these articles, one included data from multiple West African countries, while the remaining 34 exclusively focused on Benin, Cameroon, Ghana, and Nigeria. The results revealed a variety of PPCPs investigated, about 27 groups and 112 compounds, with greater emphasis on antibiotics, analgesics and PSHXEs. HPLC was the predominant analytical method used, resulting in total concentrations of PPCPs in the range of 200,000 to 3,200,000 ng/L in drinking water, 12 to 700,000 ng/L in groundwater, 0.42 to 107,800,000 ng/L in surface water, 8.5 to 121,310,000 ng/L in wastewater, and 440 to 421,700 ng/L in tap water. Ghana, Nigeria and Cameroon reported the highest number of PPCPs investigated and consequently the highest concentration of cases. These compounds present a high potential ecological risk, with >50 % exceeding the risk quotient limit. Therefore, West Africa as a community needs integrated approaches and strategies to monitor water, especially transboundary resources. This review is timely and provides pertinent information to policymakers and researchers on PPCPs in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenita Cangola
- West African Centre for Water, Irrigation and Sustainable Agriculture (WACWISA), University for Development Studies, P. O. Box TL 1882, Tamale, Ghana; Department of Environment and Sustainability Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.
| | - Felix K Abagale
- West African Centre for Water, Irrigation and Sustainable Agriculture (WACWISA), University for Development Studies, P. O. Box TL 1882, Tamale, Ghana; Department of Agricultural Engineering, University for Development Studies, P. O. Box TL 1882, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Samuel J Cobbina
- West African Centre for Water, Irrigation and Sustainable Agriculture (WACWISA), University for Development Studies, P. O. Box TL 1882, Tamale, Ghana; Department of Environment and Sustainability Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
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Zhang Y, Su B, Shao S, Li N, Jiao H, Dan Y, Zhang H, Gao C. Geochemical behavior and source analysis of rare earth elements in intensive agriculture soils through high-resolution sampling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167777. [PMID: 37848147 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Rare Earth Elements (REEs) are crucial for a low-carbon economy but overuse pollutes ecosystems. Studying their behavior and source in agricultural soils provides vital insights for soil management. To address this, we collected an extensive dataset comprising 2901 topsoil and 733 subsoil samples from an agriculturally dominant region in eastern China, characterized by uniform parent material. This comprehensive dataset enabled a thorough examination of the geochemical behavior and sources of REEs in the region. Our findings revealed the feasibility of utilizing La, Ce, and Y to predict ΣREE, LREE, HREE, and LREE/HREE ratios, thereby enhancing the REEs database for eastern China. The average ΣREE concentration in the study area measured 193.0 μg/g, with LREEs constituting 89 % of this total, representing a slight enrichment relative to the Upper Continental Crust. Notably, the electron-donating ability of Ce exhibited a correlation with Mn, indicating its potential as an indicator of redox reactions. The results obtained through structural equation modeling and random forest analysis identified Al, Ti, and K as the most influential environmental factors affecting ΣREE concentrations. Additionally, the indirect impact of K on ΣREE through pH was established. The strong correlation observed between major elements and Heavy Rare Earth Elements (HREEs) shed light on the mechanisms responsible for the notable fractionation of REEs in topsoil. Furthermore, our investigation underscored the substantial influence of pedogenetic processes on the enrichment and leaching of REEs. Source analysis pinpointed significant contributors to REEs, including fertilizers, pesticides, domestic wastewater, coal fly ash, and the native soil parent material. In conclusion, our study emphasizes the pressing need for judicious control of anthropogenic REE inputs. This step is pivotal not only for ensuring the sustainable utilization of soil but also for ultimately safeguarding ecosystems and environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalu Zhang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Baowei Su
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuangshuang Shao
- School of Resource and Environment, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou 451191, Henan, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - He Jiao
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Dan
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chao Gao
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Gylytė B, Martinyuk V, Cimmperman R, Karitonas R, Stoliar O, Manusadžianas L. Long-term toxicity of chlorpromazine, diclofenac and two lanthanides on three generations of Ceriodaphnia dubia. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16472. [PMID: 38025671 PMCID: PMC10666609 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Amultigenerational study on Ceriodaphnia dubia was carried out by exposing three subsequent generations to pharmaceuticals chlorpromazine (CPZ) and diclofenac (DCF), and two lanthanide chlorides, gadolinium as GdCl3 and europium as EuCl3. As the treatments, environmentally relevant concentrations were chosen (0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 mg/L for CPZ; 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/L for DCF; 0.425, 4.25 and 42.5 µg/L for Gd and 0.41, 4.1 and 41 µg/L for Eu). Survival, population growth and reproduction success were evaluated at 21 and 30 days of exposure, and the whole observation period lasted 40 days. The least sensitive to all selected substances was the first daphnid generation (F1). Within 21-day exposure, no significant effects of the psychotropic drug CPZ on C. dubia survival were observed in generations F1-F3. The anti-inflammatory drug DCF did not affect survival in the F1 generation; however, it significantly reduced survival in the F3 generation at 1-10 mg/L. Both lanthanides did not affect survival in the F1 and F2 generations of C. dubia but considerably decreased survival in the F3 at 4-42 µg/L. Both pharmaceuticals stimulated the reproduction of C. dubia in the F1 generation, while inhibition occurred at the highest tested concentrations in generations F2 and F3. The inhibitory effect on the reproductive success of lanthanides in the F2 generation resembled that for CPZ but not for DCF. The dynamics of adverse effects during the 21-30-day period revealed that despite increased mortality in the controls (up to 30%), concentrations used in the study minified, in most instances, the survival and aggravated population growth and reproduction success of C. dubia. Our data suggest that C. dubia as a test organism can be used for 21 days in multigenerational investigations, especially when testing close to environmental concentrations. In this respect, the standard C. dubia chronic toxicity assay seems limited since prolonged observations and several generations of daphnids are required to obtain reliable information for the risk assessment of potentially aggressive chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigita Gylytė
- Nature Research Centre, Institute of Botany, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Viktoria Martinyuk
- Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Reda Cimmperman
- Nature Research Centre, Institute of Botany, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Oksana Stoliar
- Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
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Gwenzi W, Marumure J, Makuvara Z, Simbanegavi TT, Njomou-Ngounou EL, Nya EL, Kaetzl K, Noubactep C, Rzymski P. The pit latrine paradox in low-income settings: A sanitation technology of choice or a pollution hotspot? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:163179. [PMID: 37003330 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Pit latrines are widely promoted to improve sanitation in low-income settings, but their pollution and health risks receive cursory attention. The present narrative review presents the pit latrine paradox; (1) the pit latrine is considered a sanitation technology of choice to safeguard human health, and (2) conversely, pit latrines are pollution and health risk hotspots. Evidence shows that the pit latrine is a 'catch-all' receptacle for household disposal of hazardous waste, including; (1) medical wastes (COVID-19 PPE, pharmaceuticals, placenta, used condoms), (2) pesticides and pesticide containers, (3) menstrual hygiene wastes (e.g., sanitary pads), and (4) electronic wastes (batteries). Pit latrines serve as hotspot reservoirs that receive, harbour, and then transmit the following into the environment; (1) conventional contaminants (nitrates, phosphates, pesticides), (2) emerging contaminants (pharmaceuticals and personal care products, antibiotic resistance), and (3) indicator organisms, and human bacterial and viral pathogens, and disease vectors (rodents, houseflies, bats). As greenhouse gas emission hotspots, pit latrines contribute 3.3 to 9.4 Tg/year of methane, but this could be an under-estimation. Contaminants in pit latrines may migrate into surface water, and groundwater systems serving as drinking water sources and pose human health risks. In turn, this culminates into the pit latrine-groundwater-human continuum or connectivity, mediated via water and contaminant migration. Human health risks of pit latrines, a critique of current evidence, and current and emerging mitigation measures are presented, including isolation distance, hydraulic liners/ barriers, ecological sanitation, and the concept of a circular bioeconomy. Finally, future research directions on the epidemiology and fate of contaminants in pit latrines are presented. The pit latrine paradox is not meant to downplay pit latrines' role or promote open defaecation. Rather, it seeks to stimulate discussion and research to refine the technology to enhance its functionality while mitigating pollution and health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willis Gwenzi
- Grassland Science and Renewable Plant Resources, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, Universität Kassel, Steinstraße 19, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany; Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik und Bioökonomie e.V. (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Jerikias Marumure
- Department of Physics, Geography and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Off Old Great Zimbabwe Road, P.O. Box 1235, Masvingo, Zimbabwe; Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa
| | - Zakio Makuvara
- Department of Physics, Geography and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Off Old Great Zimbabwe Road, P.O. Box 1235, Masvingo, Zimbabwe; Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa
| | - Tinoziva T Simbanegavi
- Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Environment, and Food Systems, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, Harare P.O. Box MP 167, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Esther Laurentine Nya
- Faculty of Arts, Letters and Social Sciences, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 644, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Korbinian Kaetzl
- Grassland Science and Renewable Plant Resources, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, Universität Kassel, Steinstraße 19, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany.
| | - Chicgoua Noubactep
- Centre for Modern Indian Studies (CeMIS), University of Göttingen, Waldweg 26, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Applied Geology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany; School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Fo Cheng Xi Road 8, 211100 Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland.
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Weng BS, Wan RA, Yu RL, Hu GR, Yan Y, Lin CQ, Huang HB. Characteristics and provenances of rare earth elements and Nd isotopes in surface sediments of mangrove wetlands in the Jiulong River Estuary, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:73890-73898. [PMID: 37198366 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) and Nd isotopes are frequently employed to determine provenance, although their characteristics and provenances in the surface sediments of mangrove wetlands are rarely analyzed. In this study, a thorough analysis of the characteristics and provenances of REEs and Nd isotopes in the surface sediments of mangrove wetland in the Jiulong River Estuary was carried out. According to the results, the mean concentration of REEs in the surface sediments was 290.9 mg·kg-1, which was greater than the background value. Unpolluted to moderately polluted for La and Ce, as well as a moderate ecological risk for Lu, were indicated by the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and potential ecological risk of individual factors ([Formula: see text]), respectively. The surface sediments showed substantial negative Eu anomalies but no significant Ce anomalies. The enrichments in LREE and flat HREE patterns are visible in the chondrite-normalized REE patterns. REEs in the surface sediments might be attributed to both natural sources (granite and magmatic rocks) and anthropogenic activities, including coal combustion, vehicle exhaust, steel smelting, and fertilizer, based on the (La/Yb)N-∑REE and ternary (La/Yb)N-(La/Sm)N-(Gd/Yb)N plots. The three-dimensional ∑LREE/∑HREE-Eu/Eu*-εNd(0) plot, when combined with the Nd isotope, further demonstrated that the REEs in the surface sediments appeared to have come from additional nonlocal potential sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Sen Weng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Rui-An Wan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Rui-Lian Yu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
- Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Gong-Ren Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yu Yan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Cheng-Qi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities for Environmental Monitoring, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Hua-Bin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities for Environmental Monitoring, Xiamen, 361024, China
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7
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Oluwasola IE, Ahmad AL, Shoparwe NF, Ismail S. Gadolinium based contrast agents (GBCAs): Uniqueness, aquatic toxicity concerns, and prospective remediation. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2022; 250:104057. [PMID: 36130428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.104057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The current toxicity concerns of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) have birthed the need to regulate and, sometimes restrict its clinical administration. However, tolerable concentration levels of Gd in the water sector have not been set. Therefore, the detection and speedy increase of the anthropogenic Gd-GBCAs in the various water bodies, including those serving as the primary source of drinking water for adults and children, is perturbing. Nevertheless, the strongly canvassed risk-benefit considerations and superior uniqueness of GBCAs compared to the other ferromagnetic metals guarantees its continuous administration for Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigations regardless of the toxicity concerns. Unfortunately, findings have shown that both the advanced and conventional wastewater treatment processes do not satisfactorily remove GBCAs but rather risk transforming the chelated GBCAs to their free ionic metal (Gd 3+) through inadvertent degradation processes. This unintentional water processing-induced GBCA dechelation leads to the intricate pathway for unintentional human intake of Gd ion. Hence exposure to its probable ecotoxicity and several reported inimical effects on human health such as; digestive symptoms, twitching or weakness, cognitive flu, persistent skin diseases, body pains, acute renal and non-renal adverse reactions, chronic skin, and eyes changes. This work proposed an economical and manageable remediation technique for the potential remediation of Gd-GBCAs in wastewater, while a precautionary limit for Gd in public water and commercial drinks is advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idowu Ebenezer Oluwasola
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; School of Science and Computer Studies, Food Technology Department, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State 360231, Nigeria.
| | - Abdul Latif Ahmad
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Noor Fazliani Shoparwe
- Gold, Rare Earth, and Material Technopreneurship Centre (GREAT), Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Suzylawati Ismail
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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Orani AM, Vassileva E, Thomas OP. Marine sponges as coastal bioindicators of rare earth elements bioaccumulation in the French Mediterranean Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 304:119172. [PMID: 35367507 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the widespread use of rare earth elements (REEs) has raised the issue of their harmful effects on the aquatic environment. REEs are now considered as contaminants of emerging concern. Despite the increasing interest of REEs in modern industry, there is still a lack of knowledge on their potential impact on the environment and especially in the marine environment. In this context, the need for monitoring tools to assess REEs pollution status in marine ecosystems is considered as the first step towards their risk assessment. Similar to mussels, filter-feeder sponges have emerged as a key bio-monitor species for marine chemical pollution. Their key position at a low level of the trophic chain makes them suitable model organisms for the study of REEs potential transfer through the aquatic food web. We therefore undertook a comparative study on seven marine sponge species, assessing their capability to bioaccumulate REEs and to potentially transfer these contaminants to higher positions in the trophic chain. A spike experiment under controlled conditions was carried out and the intra- and inter-species variability of REEs was monitored in the sponge bodies by ICP-MS. Concentrations were found to be up to 170 times higher than the corresponding control specimens. The tubular species Aplysina cavernicola showed the highest concentrations among the studied species. This study shows, for the first time, the potential of marine sponges as bio-monitor of REEs as well as their possible application in the bioremediation of polluted sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Orani
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Marine Environment Laboratories, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, Monaco
| | - Emilia Vassileva
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Marine Environment Laboratories, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, Monaco.
| | - Olivier P Thomas
- Marine Biodiscovery, School of Chemistry and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, (NUI Galway), University Road, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
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Yuksekdag A, Kose-Mutlu B, Siddiqui AF, Wiesner MR, Koyuncu I. A holistic approach for the recovery of rare earth elements and scandium from secondary sources under a circular economy framework - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133620. [PMID: 35033522 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Limited natural resources and a continuous increase in the demand for modern technological products, is creating a demand and supply gap for rare earth elements (REEs) and Sc. There is therefore a need to adopt the sustainable approach of the circular economy system (CE). In this review, we defined six steps required to close the loop and recover REEs, using a holistic approach. Recent statistics on REEs and Sc demand and the number of waste generations are reported and studies on more environmentally friendly, economic, and/or efficient recovery processes are summarized. Pilot-scale recovery facilities are described for several types of secondary sources. Finally, we identify obstacles to closing the REE loop in a circular economy and the reasons why secondary sources are not preferred over primary sources. Briefly, recovery from secondary sources should be environmentally and economically friendly and of an acceptable standard concerning final product quality. However, current technologies for recovery from for secondary sources are limiting and technology needs will vary depending on the source type. The quality/purity of the recovered metals should be proven so that they do not result in any adverse effects on the product quality, when they are being used as secondary raw material. In addition, for industrial-scale facilities, process improvements are required that consider environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Yuksekdag
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey; Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Borte Kose-Mutlu
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey; Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Azmat Fatima Siddiqui
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey; Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mark R Wiesner
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Duke University, 27708, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ismail Koyuncu
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey; Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Han G, Yang K, Zeng J. Spatio-Temporal Distribution and Environmental Behavior of Dissolved Rare Earth Elements (REE) in the Zhujiang River, Southwest China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 108:555-562. [PMID: 35072764 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03459-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REE) geochemistry can reveal the environmental information of solutes in river systems because REE is sensitive to hydro-geochemical changes in the earth's surface environment. This work collected the river water samples from Zhujiang River (the largest river in South China) to investigate the concentration, fractionation, and environmental implication of dissolved REE. The total dissolved REE (∑REE) concentrations are similar in different seasons. In mid-lower reaches, the REE concentrations tend to increase corresponding to low pH, and the normalized ratios of lanthanum (La) to ytterbium (Yb) are higher, suggesting weak fractionation between light REE and heavy REE. Compared to the previous study in 2000, the higher samarium (Sm) and europium (Eu) concentrations are most likely influenced by stronger water/particle interaction. These findings provide preliminary information for REE cycle in the surface environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Han
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Kunhua Yang
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
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11
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Xiong Y, Yang X, Liu Y, Chen X, Wang G, Lu B, Lin G, Huang B. Fabrication of phosphorus doping porous carbon derived from bagasse for highly-efficient removal of La3+ ions via capacitive deionization. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Kunhikrishnan A, Rahman MA, Lamb D, Bolan NS, Saggar S, Surapaneni A, Chen C. Rare earth elements (REE) for the removal and recovery of phosphorus: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131661. [PMID: 34426135 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There is little doubt that 'rock phosphate' reserves are decreasing, with phosphorus (P) peak to be reached in the coming decades. Hence, removal and recovery of phosphorus (P) from alternative nutrient-rich waste streams is critical and of great importance owing to its essential role in agricultural productivity. Adsorption technique is efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable for P recovery from waste streams which otherwise can cause eutrophication in receiving waters. As selective P sorption using rare earth elements (REE) are gaining considerable attention, this review extensively focuses on P recovery by utilising a range of REE-incorporated adsorbents. The review briefly provides existing knowledge of P in various waste streams, and examines the chemistry and behaviour of REE in soil and water in detail. The impact of interfering ions on P removal using REE, adsorbent regeneration for reuse, and life cycle assessment of REE are further explored. While it is clear that REE-sorbents have excellent potential to recover P from wastewaters and to be used as fertilisers, there are gaps to be addressed. Future studies should target recovery and reuse of REE as P fertilisers using real wastewaters. More field trials of synthesized REE-sorbents are highly recommended before practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha Kunhikrishnan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Science, Engineering and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soils, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - Md Aminur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Science, Engineering and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soils, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE), Zonal Laboratory, Khulna, 9100, Bangladesh
| | - Dane Lamb
- Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soils, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Global Innovation Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Science, Engineering and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Nanthi S Bolan
- Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soils, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia; School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Surinder Saggar
- Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soils, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Aravind Surapaneni
- Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soils, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; South East Water, 101 Wells Street, Frankston, Victoria, 3199, Australia; ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, RMIT University, Bundoora West, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Chengrong Chen
- Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soils, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, 4111, Australia
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13
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Henriques B, Morais T, Cardoso CED, Freitas R, Viana T, Ferreira N, Fabre E, Pinheiro-Torres J, Pereira E. Can the recycling of europium from contaminated waters be achieved through living macroalgae? Study on accumulation and toxicological impacts under realistic concentrations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147176. [PMID: 33971602 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Europium (Eu) strategic importance for the manufacturing industry, high economic value and high supply risk, categorizes it as critical raw material. Due to anthropogenic contamination, Eu levels in ecosystems have been growing, which opens opportunities for innovation: its recovery and recycling from contaminated water as element source - circular economy. In this pioneering study, six widely available living marine macroalgae (Ulva intestinalis, Ulva lactuca, Gracilaria sp., Osmundea pinnatifida, Fucus vesiculosus and Fucus spiralis) were characterized (water content and specific surface area) and evaluated in the pre-concentration and recovery of Eu from contaminated seawater, under different relevant contamination scenarios (10, 152 and 500 μg L-1). U. lactuca and Gracilaria sp. (3 g L-1, fresh weight) proved to be the most effective in removing Eu, reaching up to 85% in 72 h, while the highest Eu enrichment was observed in U. intestinalis biomass, up to 827 μg g-1 (bioconcentration factor of 1800), which is higher than Eu levels in common apatite ores. The effect of Eu exposure on macroalgae growth rate and organism biochemical performance (LPO, SOD, GPx and GSTs) was also evaluated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Although no cellular damage was recorded, findings revealed toxicity and defence mechanisms activation, emphasizing the need of further studies on the potential risks associated with the presence of this emerging contaminant in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Henriques
- LAQV-REQUIMTE - Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Tiago Morais
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Celso E D Cardoso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE - Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Thainara Viana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nicole Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Elaine Fabre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Eduarda Pereira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE - Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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14
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Su H, Zhang D, Antwi P, Xiao L, Zhang Z, Deng X, Lai C, Zhao J, Deng Y, Liu Z, Shi M. Adaptation, restoration and collapse of anammox process to La(III) stress: Performance, microbial community, metabolic function and network analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 325:124731. [PMID: 33486412 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During the mining of rare earth mineral, the use of lanthanum-containing fertilizers, and the disposal of lanthanum-containing electronic products, the content of lanthanum (La(III)) in typical ammonia wastewater with low carbon to nitrogen ratio is increasing day by day. Here, effects of La(III) on anammox process in performance, microbial community structure, metabolic function, and microbial co-occurrence network were investigated. The results shown that the nitrogen removal efficiency was declines briefly and then gradually recovers after low dosage (1-5 mg/L) La(III) treatment and the decrease to low level (24.25 ± 1.74%) under high La(III) dosage (10 mg/L). La(III) in the range of 1-5 mg/L significantly promoted the relative abundance of Anammoxoglobus (0.024% to 9.762%). The blocking of key metabolic pathways was confirmed to cause the breakdown of anammox by PICRUSt. Furthermore, network analysis revealed that lack of cooperation bacteria limits the activity of Anammoxoglobus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Su
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou City 341000, China
| | - Dachao Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou City 341000, China.
| | - Philip Antwi
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou City 341000, China
| | - Longwen Xiao
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou City 341000, China
| | - Zhidan Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou City 341000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Deng
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou City 341000, China
| | - Cheng Lai
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou City 341000, China
| | - Jiejun Zhao
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou City 341000, China
| | - Yukun Deng
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou City 341000, China
| | - Zuwen Liu
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou City 341000, China
| | - Miao Shi
- Ganzhou Eco-Environmental Engineering Investment Company Limited, Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou City 341000, China
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15
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Anwar H, Shahid M, Niazi NK, Khalid S, Tariq TZ, Ahmad S, Nadeem M, Abbas G. Risk assessment of potentially toxic metal(loid)s in Vigna radiata L. under wastewater and freshwater irrigation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:129124. [PMID: 33288287 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Depending on the use and management, wastewater generation can be a severe environmental dilemma or a potential source. Proper application and management of municipal water (MW) in agriculture could be its sustainable use. Until now, there is rare data about the combined application of wastewater and freshwater in agriculture that could be considered as sustainable water management strategy. Also, plant (oxidative) stress responses to wastewater application have been rarely investigated. Here, we elucidated the influence of MW irrigation, diluted with canal water (CW) and groundwater (tap water; TW), on Vigna radiata to evaluate (i) the accumulation of potentially toxic metal(loid)s (PTMs; arsenic, copper, cadmium, iron, manganese, lead, nickel, zinc) in different plant tissues, (ii) biochemical modifications in plants, (iii) relative compartmentation of PTMs inside plant, and (iv) PTMs-induced health risk. Results revealed that the soil-plant transfer of PTMs and physiological changes in V. radiata varied depending on the irrigation water type. Noticeably, plants sequestered most of the PTM contents in roots (average 64%) and less were translocated to plant shoots. All the irrigation treatments provoked oxidative stress in V. radiata with high production of hydrogen peroxide, followed by an oxidation of membrane lipids and a decrease in chlorophyll content. The estimated cancer risk and hazard quotients values revealed a potential risk to human health (HQ: 2.2-108.8, CR: 0.0002-0.664), especially for arsenic, cadmium and lead. The integrated risk estimated from PTMs highlighted the unsuitability of all the treatments for crop irrigation. Therefore, in areas with high PTM levels in MW and freshwaters their mixed use is not an ideal management practice. Conclusively, this study helps to strictly monitor the quality of irrigation water before applying to crops and develop a suitable management and remediation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnain Anwar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan; School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Tasveer Zahra Tariq
- Department of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Sub-Campus Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 61100, Pakistan
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16
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Pujiwati A, Wang J, Nakamura K, Kawabe Y, Watanabe N, Komai T. Data-driven analysis for source apportionment and geochemical backgrounds establishment of toxic elements and REEs in the Tohoku region, Japan. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128268. [PMID: 33297212 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Tohoku region of Japan is geologically diverse, with a long agriculture and mining history; however, little information about the origins and distribution mechanisms of elements in this region has been reported. This study aims to provide fundamental insights into the effects of geological features and anthropogenic activities on various elements, including toxic elements and rare-earth elements (REEs), in the Tohoku region. A geochemical database (2007, AIST) consisting of data for 53 elements in 485 river sediment samples from the region was used, and a data-driven method combining principal component analysis (PCA) was applied for analysis. GBs for numerous types of areas, including general areas (GGB), natural environments (NGB), high anthropogenic-influenced areas (AGB) and mineralised areas (MGB) were established; especially, MGB was newly proposed in this study to illuminate the role of ore deposits. Both PCA and GBs comparison results show that geological features (especially igneous rock distribution) were the most important factor affecting elemental distribution, rather than anthropogenic activities. In the PCA, the first principal component showed that REE resources were commonly associated with the distribution of granitic rocks and REE-bearing minerals. Anthropogenic contaminations from mining, urban, and anthropogenic areas played important roles as the origin of some toxic elements (e.g. Ni, Pb, Sb). Comparisons between these GBs effectively elucidated the enrichment of certain toxic elements (e.g., Hg, Sb) in ore deposit areas. This data-driven study not only clarified the origins of toxic elements, but also revealed the location of potential REE mineral resources in the Tohoku region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie Pujiwati
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-20 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan; General Secretariat of National Energy Council, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Republic of Indonesia, Jl. Jend. Gatot Subroto Kav. 49 Jakarta Selatan, 12950, Indonesia
| | - Jiajie Wang
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-20 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Kengo Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-20 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yoshishige Kawabe
- Geo-Environmental Risk Research Group, Institute for Geo-Resources and Environment, Geological Survey of Japan, AIST,1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8567, Japan
| | - Noriaki Watanabe
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-20 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takeshi Komai
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-20 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.
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17
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Liu M. Lifecycle of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents. J Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 53:1295-1299. [PMID: 32989902 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Liu
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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18
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Brünjes R, Hofmann T. Anthropogenic gadolinium in freshwater and drinking water systems. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 182:115966. [PMID: 32599421 PMCID: PMC7256513 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) for magnetic resonance imaging is leading to widespread contamination of freshwater and drinking water systems. Contrary to previous assumptions that GBCAs are stable throughout the water cycle, they can degrade. The stability of GBCAs depends largely on their organic ligands, but also on the physicochemical conditions. There is specific concern regarding UV end-of-pipe water treatments, which may degrade GBCAs. Degradation products in drinking water supplies can increase the risk of adverse health effects. This is of particular relevance where the raw water for drinking water production has a higher proportion of recycled wastewater. GBCAs concentrations in aquatic systems, often referred to as anthropogenic gadolinium, are determined using a variety of calculation methods. Where anthropogenic gadolinium concentrations are low, the inconsistent use of these methods results in high discrepancies and high levels of uncertainty. The current COVID-19 crisis will, in the short-term, drastically decrease the input of GBCAs to freshwater systems. Temporal variations in anthropogenic gadolinium concentrations in river water can be used to better understand river-aquifer interactions and groundwater flow velocities. Collecting urine from all patients following MRI examinations could be a way forward to halt the generally increasing concentrations of Gd in drinking water systems and recover this technologically critical element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Brünjes
- University of Vienna, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Environmental Geosciences, Althanstraße 14, UZA2, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thilo Hofmann
- University of Vienna, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Environmental Geosciences, Althanstraße 14, UZA2, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Ecotoxicity Responses of the Macrophyte Algae Nitellopsis obtusa and Freshwater Crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus to 12 Rare Earth Elements. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12177130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to unique chemical properties, rare earth elements (REEs) are increasingly used in versatile technological applications. They are considered emerging environmental contaminants, since they become mobile instead of being bound in rocks. At present, the information on REE effects to aquatic biota is scarce and contradictory. This study aims to explore the ecotoxicity of 11 lanthanides (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Er, and Lu) and yttrium (Y) to charophyte algae Nitellopsis obtusa and microcrustaceans Thamnocephalus platyurus. Median lethal concentrations (LC50) were assessed in characean cells at 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 days of exposure, and 24-h LC50s were determined in shrimps. According to the EU−Directive 93/67/EEC hazard classification scheme and 24-day LC50 values generated for N. obtusa, REE effects were assigned from “harmful” to “very toxic” (Gd), while 24-h LC50s for T. platyurus were classified as “harmful” or “toxic” (based on nominal concentrations) and as “toxic” or “very toxic” (based on REE free ion concentrations calculated with CHEAQS Next software). The data obtained for algae showed correlations with the REE atomic numbers (r = −0.68, p < 0.05) and ionic radii (r = 0.65, p < 0.05) at the most extended 24-day exposure only. The analysis of the trends of concentration−response (c–r) curves obtained at increasing exposure durations (8–24 days), alongside the 24-day LC50s ranging within almost two orders of magnitude, allowed a more-toxic heavy REE group to be distinguished, and somewhat different modes REE actions to be envisioned for N. obtusa.
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