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Fang Z, Lai A, Dongmei Cai, Chunlin Li, Carmieli R, Chen J, Wang X, Rudich Y. Secondary Organic Aerosol Generated from Biomass Burning Emitted Phenolic Compounds: Oxidative Potential, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Cytotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:8194-8206. [PMID: 38683689 PMCID: PMC11097630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are largely emitted from biomass burning (BB) and have a significant potential to form SOA (Phc-SOA). However, the toxicological properties of Phc-SOA remain unclear. In this study, phenol and guaiacol were chosen as two representative phenolic gases in BB plumes, and the toxicological properties of water-soluble components of their SOA generated under different photochemical ages and NOx levels were investigated. Phenolic compounds contribute greatly to the oxidative potential (OP) of biomass-burning SOA. OH-adducts of guaiacol (e.g., 2-methoxyhydroquinone) were identified as components of guaiacol SOA (GSOA) with high OP. The addition of nitro groups to 2,5-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, a surrogate quinone compound in Phc-SOA, increased its OP. The toxicity of both phenol SOA (PSOA) and GSOA in vitro in human alveolar epithelial cells decreased with aging in terms of both cell death and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), possibly due to more ring-opening products with relatively low toxicity. The influence of NOx was consistent between cell death and cellular ROS for GSOA but not for PSOA, indicating that cellular ROS production does not necessarily represent all processes contributing to cell death caused by PSOA. Combining different acellular and cellular assays can provide a comprehensive understanding of aerosol toxicological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fang
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Alexandra Lai
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Dongmei Cai
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP
3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- College
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Raanan Carmieli
- Department
of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP
3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory
of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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2
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Adamek M, Kavčič A, Debeljak M, Šala M, Grdadolnik J, Vogel-Mikuš K, Kroflič A. Toxicity of nitrophenolic pollutant 4-nitroguaiacol to terrestrial plants and comparison with its non-nitro analogue guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol). Sci Rep 2024; 14:2198. [PMID: 38272996 PMCID: PMC10811240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52610-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenols, and especially their nitrated analogues, are ubiquitous pollutants and known carcinogens which have already been linked to forest decline. Although nitrophenols have been widely recognized as harmful to different aquatic and terrestrial organisms, we could not find any literature assessing their toxicity to terrestrial plants. Maize (monocot) and sunflower (dicot) were exposed to phenolic pollutants, guaiacol (GUA) and 4-nitroguaiacol (4NG), through a hydroponics system under controlled conditions in a growth chamber. Their acute physiological response was studied during a two-week root exposure to different concentrations of xenobiotics (0.1, 1.0, and 10 mM). The exposure visibly affected plant growth and the effect increased with increasing xenobiotic concentration. In general, 4NG affected plants more than GUA. Moreover, sunflower exhibited an adaptive response, especially to low and moderate GUA concentrations. The integrity of both plant species deteriorated during the exposure: biomass and photochemical pigment content were significantly reduced, which reflected in the poorer photochemical efficiency of photosystem II. Our results imply that 4NG is taken up by sunflower plants, where it could enter a lignin biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksimiljan Adamek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Kavčič
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marta Debeljak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martin Šala
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jože Grdadolnik
- Theory Department, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Vogel-Mikuš
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Kroflič
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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3
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Nguyen Xuan T, Nguyen Thi D, Tran Thuong Q, Nguyen Ngoc T, Dang Quoc K, Molnár Z, Mukhtar S, Szabó-Bárdos E, Horváth O. Effect of Copper-Modification of g-C 3N 4 on the Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Oxidation of Nitrophenols. Molecules 2023; 28:7810. [PMID: 38067540 PMCID: PMC10708227 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has proved to be a promising heterogeneous photocatalyst in the visible range. It can be used, among others, for the oxidative conversion of environmentally harmful nitrophenols occurring in wastewater. However, its photocatalytic activity needs to be enhanced, which can be achieved by modification with various dopants. In our work, copper-modified g-C3N4 was prepared by ultrasonic impregnation of the pristine g-C3N4 synthesized from thiourea. The morphology, microstructure, and optical properties of the photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, DRS, SEM, XPS, and TEM. DRS analysis indicated a slight change in both the CB and the VB energies of Cu/g-C3N4 compared to those of g-C3N4. The efficiency of the photocatalysts prepared was tested by the degradation of nitrophenols. Copper modification caused a sevenfold increase in the rate of 4-nitrophenol degradation in the presence of H2O2 at pH = 3. This dramatic enhancement can be attributed to the synergistic effect of copper and H2O2 in this photocatalytic system. A minor Fenton reaction role was also detected. The reusability of the Cu/g-C3N4 catalyst was demonstrated through five cycles. Copper-modified g-C3N4 with H2O2 proved to be applicable for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic oxidative degradation of nitrophenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truong Nguyen Xuan
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, No.1 Dai Co Viet Street, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.N.X.); (Q.T.T.); (T.N.N.)
| | - Dien Nguyen Thi
- Viettel Aerospace Institute, Viettel Group, Hoa Lac High-Tech Park, Thach That District, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam;
| | - Quang Tran Thuong
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, No.1 Dai Co Viet Street, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.N.X.); (Q.T.T.); (T.N.N.)
| | - Tue Nguyen Ngoc
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, No.1 Dai Co Viet Street, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.N.X.); (Q.T.T.); (T.N.N.)
| | - Khanh Dang Quoc
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, No.1 Dai Co Viet Street, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Zsombor Molnár
- Environmental Mineralogy Research Group, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, P.O. Box 1158, H-8210 Veszprém, Hungary;
| | - Shoaib Mukhtar
- Research Group of Environmental and Inorganic Photochemistry, Center for Natural Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, P.O. Box 1158, H-8210 Veszprém, Hungary (E.S.-B.)
| | - Erzsébet Szabó-Bárdos
- Research Group of Environmental and Inorganic Photochemistry, Center for Natural Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, P.O. Box 1158, H-8210 Veszprém, Hungary (E.S.-B.)
| | - Ottó Horváth
- Research Group of Environmental and Inorganic Photochemistry, Center for Natural Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, P.O. Box 1158, H-8210 Veszprém, Hungary (E.S.-B.)
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Zhang R, Tu L, Yang Y, Sun J, Liang T, Li Y, Chen R, Chen B, Luan T. Altered generation pattern of reactive oxygen species triggering DNA and plasma membrane damages to human liver cells treated with arsenite. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165821. [PMID: 37506919 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to arsenic via drinking water is one of globally concerned health issues. Oxidative stress is regarded as the denominator of arsenic-inducing toxicities. Therefore, to identify intracellular sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) could be essential for addressing the detrimental effects of arsenite (iAsIII). In this study, the contributions of different pathways to ROS formation in iAsIII-treated human normal liver (L-02) cells were quantitatively assessed, and then concomitant oxidative impairs were evaluated using metabolomics and lipidomics approaches. Following iAsIII treatment, NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity and expression levels of p47phox and p67phox were upregulated, and NOX-derived ROS contributed to almost 60.0 % of the total ROS. Moreover, iAsIII also induced mitochondrial superoxide anion and impaired mitochondrial respiratory function of L-02 cells with a decreasing ATP production. The inhibition of NOX activity significantly rescued mitochondrial membrane potential in iAsIII-treated L-02 cells. Purine and glycerophospholipids metabolisms in L-02 cells were disrupted by iAsIII, which might be used to represent DNA and plasma membrane damages, respectively. Our study supported that NOX could be the primary pathway of ROS overproduction and revealed the potential mechanisms of iAsIII toxicity related to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lanyin Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuanzhu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Tong Liang
- Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Yizheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Ruohong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Baowei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China.
| | - Tiangang Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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5
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Kaur D, Singh K, Reynolds WT, Pal B. Graphene oxide-coated Ag-TiO 2 hybrid nanocomposites for superior photocatalytic activity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:97660-97672. [PMID: 37596483 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has now emerged as one of the most promising materials in different areas such as photocatalysis, adsorption, and energy storage due to its high surface area, unique layered structure, etc. Among various types of precursors, anthracite coal has attracted a lot of attention nowadays as it affords GO a high concentration of sp2 carbons resulting in high conductivity and superior absorbance in the visible region. In this report, we have prepared GO-TiO2 nanocomposites as it is supposed to possess high photocatalytic activity owing to facile electron transmission from the conduction band of TiO2 to the GO surface resulting in a much lower degree of electron-hole pair recombination. To boost the photocatalytic activity further, TiO2 was coated with Ag nanoparticles as well. These hybrid structures were characterized by different analytical techniques, for example, XRD, HR-TEM, SEM, and Raman spectroscopy. The XRD pattern of these composites consists of characteristic peaks corresponding to GO, TiO2, and Ag. The HR-TEM studies confirm the presence of GO layers, cube-shaped TiO2, and spherical Ag nanoparticles. Phenol and 4-nitrophenol have been used as model pollutants to evaluate the photooxidation efficiencies under both UV and visible light irradiation. Under UV irradiation, the GO/Ag-TiO2 ternary nanocomposite shows better photooxidation efficiency (62%) compared to Ag-TiO2 (38%), GO-TiO2 (9%), GO (17%), and TiO2 (8%) toward phenol degradation. The GO/Ag-TiO2 is also having the highest photocatalytic activity toward the removal of phenol under visible light irradiation (34%). The ternary heterostructure (85%) also possesses superior photooxidation activity compared to Ag-TiO2 (44%) and GO-TiO2 (71%) toward the degradation of p-nitrophenol under UV light radiation for 60 min. The above observation reveals that the cooperative effect of Ag, TiO2, and GO is playing a crucial role to result in the high photooxidation activity of the GO/Ag-TiO2 hetero-nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davinder Kaur
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, TIET-Virginia Tech Center of Excellence in Emerging Materials, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 147004, India
| | - Karanveer Singh
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, TIET-Virginia Tech Center of Excellence in Emerging Materials, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 147004, India
| | - William T Reynolds
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061-0237, USA
| | - Bonamali Pal
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, TIET-Virginia Tech Center of Excellence in Emerging Materials, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 147004, India.
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6
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Delić A, Skube U, Šala M, Kroflič A. Kinetics and product identification of water-dissolved nitroguaiacol photolysis under artificial sunlight. Front Chem 2023; 11:1211061. [PMID: 37521016 PMCID: PMC10375238 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1211061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitroguaiacols are typical constituents of biomass-burning emissions, including absorbing aerosols which contribute to climate change. Although they are also harmful to humans and plants, their atmospheric fate and lifetimes are still very speculative. Therefore, in this work, the photolysis kinetics of aqueous-phase 4-nitroguaiacol (4NG) and 5-nitroguaiacol (5NG), and the resulting photo-formed products were investigated under artificial sunlight, observing also the effect of sunlight on the absorption properties of the solutions. We found the photolysis of 5NG slower than that of 4NG, whereas the absorbance in the visible range prevailed in the 5NG solutions at the end of experiments. Although we identified dinitroguaiacol as one of the 4NG photolysis products, which increased light absorption of 4NG-containing solutions, considerably more chromophores formed in the 5NG photolyzed solutions, implying its stronger potential for secondary BrC formation in the atmosphere. In general, denitration, carbon loss, hydroxylation, nitration, and carbon gain were characteristic of 4NG phototransformation, while carbon loss, hydroxylation, and carbon gain were observed in the case of 5NG. The photolysis kinetics was found of the first order at low precursor concentrations (<0.45 mM), resulting in their lifetimes in the order of days (125 and 167 h illumination for 4NG and 5NG, respectively), which suggests long-range transport of the investigated compounds in the atmosphere and proposes their use as biomass-burning aerosol tracer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajda Delić
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urša Skube
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martin Šala
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Kroflič
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Ezugwu AL, Anaduaka EG, Chibuogwu CC, Ezeorba TPC. Meat tenderization using acetaminophen (paracetamol/APAP): A review on deductive biochemical mechanisms, toxicological implications and strategies for mitigation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15628. [PMID: 37159697 PMCID: PMC10163616 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Meats consist of edible portions originating from domestic and wild animals. Meat's palatability and sensory accessibility largely depend on its tenderness to consumers. Although many factors influence meat tenderness, the cooking method cannot be neglected. Different chemical, mechanical, and natural means of meat tenderization have been considered healthy and safe for consumers. However, many households, food vendors, and bars in developing countries engage in the unhealthy use of acetaminophen (paracetamol/APAP) in meat tenderization due to the cost reduction it offers in the overall cooking process. Acetaminophen (paracetamol/APAP) is one of the most popular, relatively cheap, and ubiquitous over-the-counter drugs that induce serious toxicity challenges when misused. It is important to note that acetaminophen during cooking is hydrolyses into a toxic compound known as 4-aminophenol, which damages the liver and kidney and results in organ failure. Despite the reports on the increase in the use of acetaminophen for meat tenderizing in many web reports, there have not been any serious scientific publications on this subject. This study adopted classical/traditional methodology to review relevant literature retrieved from Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect using relevant key terms (Acetaminophen, Toxicity, Meat tenderization, APAP, paracetamol, mechanisms) and Boolean operators (AND and OR). This paper provides in-depth information on the hazard and health implications of consuming acetaminophen tenderized meat via genetic and metabolic pathways deductions. Understanding these unsafe practices will promote awareness and mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arinze Linus Ezugwu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Emeka Godwin Anaduaka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Christian Chiazor Chibuogwu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Timothy Prince Chidike Ezeorba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
- Corresponding author. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria.
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8
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Ultrafast Spectroscopies of Nitrophenols and Nitrophenolates in Solution: From Electronic Dynamics and Vibrational Structures to Photochemical and Environmental Implications. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020601. [PMID: 36677656 PMCID: PMC9866910 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrophenols are a group of small organic molecules with significant environmental implications from the atmosphere to waterways. In this work, we investigate a series of nitrophenols and nitrophenolates, with the contrasting ortho-, meta-, and para-substituted nitro group to the phenolic hydroxy or phenolate oxygen site (2/3/4NP or NP-), implementing a suite of steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques that include UV/Visible spectroscopy, femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) spectroscopy with probe-dependent and global analysis, and femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS), aided by quantum calculations. The excitation-dependent (400 and 267 nm) electronic dynamics in water and methanol, for six protonated or deprotonated nitrophenol molecules (three regioisomers in each set), enable a systematic investigation of the excited-state dynamics of these functional "nanomachines" that can undergo nitro-group twisting (as a rotor), excited-state intramolecular or intermolecular proton transfer (donor-acceptor, ESIPT, or ESPT), solvation, and cooling (chromophore) events on molecular timescales. In particular, the meta-substituted compound 3NP or 3NP- exhibits the strongest charge-transfer character with FSRS signatures (e.g., C-N peak frequency), and thus, does not favor nitroaromatic twist in the excited state, while the ortho-substituted compound 2NP can undergo ESIPT in water and likely generate nitrous acid (HONO) after 267 nm excitation. The delineated mechanistic insights into the nitro-substituent-location-, protonation-, solvent-, and excitation-wavelength-dependent effects on nitrophenols, in conjunction with the ultraviolet-light-induced degradation of 2NP in water, substantiates an appealing discovery loop to characterize and engineer functional molecules for environmental applications.
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9
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Hou J, Si L, Shi Z, Miao C, Zhao Y, Ji X, Hou Q, Ai S. Effective adsorption and catalytic reduction of nitrophenols by amino-rich Cu(I)-I coordination polymer. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:136903. [PMID: 36280123 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrophenols are identified as the priority organic pollutants due to the chemical stability, water solubility, persistence, and toxicity to human health and the environment. Hence, removal of nitrophenols from waste water is vitally essential. In this study, amino-rich coordination polymer Cu2I2(MA)2 (MA = melamine) has been applied for efficient adsorption and catalytic reduction of nitrophenols, like 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), 2, 4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and 2, 4, 6-trinitrophenol (TNP). The effect of various parameters like contact time, initial concentrations, pH, and temperature on adsorption were investigated. The adsorption of nitrophenols fitted the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherms model well. The maximum adsorption capacities were 285.71, 232.02, and 131.57 mg g-1 for 4-NP, DNP, and TNP when initial concentrations were 50 mg L-1 at 293.15 K, respectively. The adsorption of nitrophenols is a spontaneous, endothermic, and entropy-driven process. The reduction reaction followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the kinetic rate constants were 0.4413, 0.3167, and 0.17538 min-1 for 4-NP, DNP, and TNP, respectively. The effect of initial nitrophenols concentration, anions, and temperature on reduction process was investigated. The mechanism of adsorption and catalytic reduction of Cu2I2(MA)2 was studied. The results demonstrated that Cu2I2(MA)2 exhibits excellent adsorption and catalytic activity to remove nitrophenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Hou
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Lin Si
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Zekun Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Chengxia Miao
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Xiangshan Ji
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Qin Hou
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China.
| | - Shiyun Ai
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China.
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10
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Jiang B, Li A, Shuang C, Tan Y, Pan Y, Liu F. Improved mineralization and total nitrogen reduction by combination of electro-reduction and electro-oxidation for nitrophenol removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135400. [PMID: 35728664 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, p-Nitrophenol (p-NP) was electro-chemically removed by using a prepared Co3O4/Ti cathode and a BDD anode to achieve the simultaneous reduction of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and toxicity. The prepared Co3O4/Ti cathode showed higher electro-activity than the Ti cathode towards p-NP reduction with the removal rate higher than 90.6% but without mineralization. The electro-oxidation removed 84.3% of TOC but none of TN. To develop an optimized process for mineralization and TN removal during p-NP electrolysis, the combination of electro-oxidation and electro-reduction were evaluated by using a dual-chamber cell and a single-chamber cell, respectively. As a result of the re-oxidation and re-reduction in the single-chamber cell, the typically used mode of the simultaneous redox, showed a lower removal of TOC and TN than the combination processes as well as an increased toxicity. The TN removal for both combined modes (21.0%-32.9%) was all higher than that of the mode of reduction because the produced inorganic nitrogen such as ammonia and nitrate could be partially oxidized or reduced to nitrogen gas. The results suggested that the combination process could significantly improve the mineralization and TN reduction for p-NP removal, accompanied with 60.3% decrease of acute toxicity for the reduction after oxidation mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bicun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Nanjing Innovation Center for Environmental Protection Industry Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 211102, PR China
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Nanjing Innovation Center for Environmental Protection Industry Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 211102, PR China
| | - Chendong Shuang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Yan Tan
- Nanjing Innovation Center for Environmental Protection Industry Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 211102, PR China
| | - Yang Pan
- Nanjing Innovation Center for Environmental Protection Industry Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 211102, PR China
| | - Fuqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Nanjing Innovation Center for Environmental Protection Industry Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 211102, PR China
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11
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Motamedi M, Yerushalmi L, Haghighat F, Chen Z. Recent developments in photocatalysis of industrial effluents ։ A review and example of phenolic compounds degradation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:133688. [PMID: 35074327 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Industrial expansion and increased water consumption have created water scarcity concerns. Meanwhile, conventional wastewater purification methods have failed to degrade recalcitrant pollutants efficiently. The present review paper discusses the recent advances and challenges in photocatalytic processes applied for industrial effluents treatment, with respect to phenolic compounds degradation. Key operational parameters including the catalyst loading, light intensity, initial pollutants concentration, pH, and type and concentrations of oxidants are evaluated and discussed. Compared to the other examined controlling parameters, pH has the highest effect on the photo-oxidation of contaminants by means of the photocatalyst ionization degree and surface charge. Furthermore, major phenolic compounds derived from industrial sources are comprehensively presented and the applicability of photocatalytic processes and the barriers in practical applications, including high energy demand, technical challenges, photocatalyst stability, and recyclability have been explored. The importance of energy consumption and operational costs for realistic large-scale processes are also discussed. Finally, research gaps in this area and the suggested direction for improving degradation efficiencies in industrial applications are presented. In the light of these premises, selective degradation processes in real water matrices such as untreated sewage are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Motamedi
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Laleh Yerushalmi
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Fariborz Haghighat
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8, Canada.
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12
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Khan F, Jaoui M, Rudziński K, Kwapiszewska K, Martinez-Romero A, Gil-Casanova D, Lewandowski M, Kleindienst TE, Offenberg JH, Krug JD, Surratt JD, Szmigielski R. Cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by atmospheric mono-nitrophenols in human lung cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 301:119010. [PMID: 35217136 PMCID: PMC9171836 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitrophenols (NPs) are hazardous pollutants found in various environmental matrices, including ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), agricultural residues, rainwater, wildfires, and industrial wastes. This study showed for the first time the effect of three pure nitrophenols and their mixture on human lung cells to provide basic understanding of the NP influence on cell elements and processes. We identified NPs in ambient PM2.5 and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles generated from the photooxidation of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the U.S. EPA smog chamber. We assessed the toxicity of identified NPs and their equimolar mixture in normal bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) and alveolar epithelial cancer (A549) lung cell lines. The inhibitory concentration-50 (IC50) values were highest and lowest in BEAS-2B cells treated with 2-nitrophenol (2NP) and 4-nitrophenol (4NP), respectively, at 24 h of exposure. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay showed that 4NP, the most abundant NP we identified in PM2.5, was the most cytotoxic NP examined in both cell lines. The annexin-V/fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) analysis showed that the populations of late apoptotic/necrotic BEAS-2B and A549 cells exposed to 3NP, 4NP, and NP equimolar mixture increased between 24 and 48 h. Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) buildup led to cellular death post exposure to 3NP, 4NP and the NP mixtures, while 2NP induced the lowest ROS buildup. An increased mitochondrial ROS signal following NP exposure occurred only in BEAS-2B cells. The tetramethylrhodamine, methyl ester, perchlorate (TMRM) assay showed that exposed cells exhibited collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential. TMRM signals decreased significantly only in BEAS-2B cells, and most strongly with 4NP exposures. Our results suggest that acute atmospheric exposures to NPs may be toxic at high concentrations, but not at ambient PM2.5 concentrations. Further chronic studies with NP and NP-containing PM2.5 are warranted to assess their contribution to lung pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faria Khan
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mohammed Jaoui
- Center for Environmental Measurement & Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, United States
| | - Krzysztof Rudziński
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karina Kwapiszewska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicia Martinez-Romero
- Cytomics Core Facility, Príncipe Felipe Research Center, Avda. Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012, Valenica, Spain
| | - Domingo Gil-Casanova
- Cytomics Core Facility, Príncipe Felipe Research Center, Avda. Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012, Valenica, Spain
| | - Michael Lewandowski
- Center for Environmental Measurement & Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, United States
| | - Tadeusz E Kleindienst
- Center for Environmental Measurement & Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, United States
| | - John H Offenberg
- Center for Environmental Measurement & Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, United States
| | - Jonathan D Krug
- Center for Environmental Measurement & Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, United States
| | - Jason D Surratt
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States
| | - Rafal Szmigielski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
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13
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Feng R, Xu H, Gu Y, Wang Z, Han B, Sun J, Liu S, Lu H, Ho SSH, Shen Z, Cao J. Variations of Personal Exposure to Particulate Nitrated Phenols from Heating Energy Renovation in China: The First Assessment on Associated Toxicological Impacts with Particle Size Distributions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:3974-3983. [PMID: 35195986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The clean heating renovation has been executed for improving particulate matter (PM) pollution in northern China since 2017. This study determined particle size distributions of nitrated phenols (NPs) in personal exposure samples and their associations with biomarkers in saliva and urine from homemakers in rural households of the Fenwei Plain, China. Remarkable reductions of 28.6-66.3% and 52.2-82.4% on PMs and total quantified NPs, respectively, were found with the substitutions of raw coal chunk and biomass by advanced clean coal. 4-Nitroguaiacol (4NG) showed the largest reductions of 81.2% among individual NP. In addition, the clean coal efficiently reduced interleukin-6 (IL-6) and 8-hydrox-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the urine and saliva by 12-72%. Furthermore, significant positive correlations between urinary 8-OHdG with most of NPs in all particle sizes, urinary IL-6 with 4NG for particles with Dp > 2.5 μm and Dp = 0.25-1.0 μm and salivary IL-6 with 4-nitrocatechol and 4-methyl-5-nitrocatechol for particles with Dp > 2.5 μm, Dp = 0.5-1.0 μm, and Dp < 0.25 μm were observed but not for salivary 8-OHdG or PMs. The results provide scientific support for the clean energy reformation and demonstrate the strong particle size dependence between NPs and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Feng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- SKLLQG, Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yunxuan Gu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zexuan Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Bei Han
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Suixin Liu
- SKLLQG, Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hongwei Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada 89512, United States
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- SKLLQG, Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Junji Cao
- SKLLQG, Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
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14
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Balram D, Lian KY, Sebastian N, Al-Mubaddel FS, Noman MT. Bi-functional renewable biopolymer wrapped CNFs/Ag doped spinel cobalt oxide as a sensitive platform for highly toxic nitroaromatic compound detection and degradation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132998. [PMID: 34813850 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanomolar-level detection of priority toxic pollutant 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) in environment using a novel ternary nanocomposite based electrochemical sensor and its photocatalytic degradation is reported in this paper. A non-toxic and renewable natural biopolymer, chitosan wrapped carbon nanofibers was embedded with Ag doped spinel Co3O4 to prepare the bi-functional ternary nanocomposite. Economical and ecofriendly sonochemical method was employed in preparation of this porous nanocomposite. We used one-pot aqueous solution approach to synthesize Ag-Co3O4 nanoflowers and ultrasound-assisted method was utilized to prepare CS-CNFs. Morphological and structural properties of synthesized materials were analyzed using different characterization techniques. Electrochemical investigations using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry carried out with prepared ternary nanocomposite modified carbon electrode revealed its outstanding electrocatalytic activity in 4-NP quantification. The developed 4-NP sensor showcased excellent sensitivity of 55.98 μAμM-1cm-2 and nanomolar detection limit of 0.4 nM. Moreover, reproducibility, repeatability, stability, and selectivity were evaluated to confirm reliability of developed sensor. Further, real sample analyses were conducted using domestic sewage, underground water, and tomato to affirm the practical feasibility of 4-NP detection using the proposed sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Balram
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Zhongxiao East Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuang-Yow Lian
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Zhongxiao East Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Neethu Sebastian
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Zhongxiao East Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fahad S Al-Mubaddel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia; Fellow: King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy: Energy Research and Innovation Center (ERIC), Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Tayyab Noman
- Department of Machinery Construction, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17, Liberec 1, Czech Republic
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15
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Aslam M, Qamar MT, Soomro MT, Danish EY, Ismail IMI, Hameed A. The role of size-controlled CeO 2 nanoparticles in enhancing the stability and photocatalytic performance of ZnO in natural sunlight exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133092. [PMID: 34856239 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to enhance the photocatalytic performance and stability, the various proportions of the size controlled cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles were dispersed at the pre-synthesized ZnO. Although, the expected dual absorption onsets, probably due to the diminutive difference between the bandgaps of CeO2 (∼2.9 eV) and ZnO (∼3.1 eV), were not observed however, a blue shift in the bandgap energy of ZnO was witnessed with the increasing surface density of CeO2 particles. The delayed excitons recombination process with the increasing concentration of CeO2 nanoparticles was verified by the PL spectra. The structural investigation by Raman and XRD analysis revealed the surface attachment of CeO2 particles without altering the rock-salt lattice of ZnO. The morphological and fine microstructural analysis established the uniform distribution of evenly sized CeO2 particles at the surface of ZnO with the discrete fringe patterns of both the entities whereas the XPS analysis confirmed the majority of Ce4+ in dispersed CeO2. In comparison to pure ZnO, cyclic voltammetric (CV) analysis, under illumination, exposed the supportive role of surface residing CeO2 particles in eradicating the photo-corrosion of ZnO whereas the chronopotentiometry (CP) predicted the prolonged life-span of the excitons. Compared to pure ZnO, an appreciably high activity was revealed for 10% CeO2 loading as compared to pure ZnO for the removal of mono and di-nitrophenol derivatives and their mixtures under natural sunlight exposure. The variations in the removal rates in the mixture as compared to individual nitrophenol exposed the structure-based priority of ROS for the respective phenol. The significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity of the composite catalysts revealed the incremental role of surface-mounted CeO2 entities in boosting the generation of ROS under sunlight irradiation. The experimental observations were correlated and compiled to establish the mechanism of the removal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aslam
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Tariq Qamar
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Ferozepur Road, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahir Soomro
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ekram Y Danish
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqbal M I Ismail
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Hameed
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; National Centre for Physics, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
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16
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Gene expression profiles of two testicular somatic cell lines respond differently to 4-nitrophenol mediating vary reproductive toxicity. Toxicology 2021; 463:152991. [PMID: 34673133 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
4-Nitrophenol (PNP) has been extensively used in manufacturing for several decades. Its toxic effects on the male reproductive system have been reported, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we utilized two testicular somatic cell lines (TM3 and TM4 cells) to explore the possible toxic effects of PNP on the male reproductive system. The activity of the cells after exposure to different doses of PNP (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μM) was evaluated. PNP treatment at 10 μM significantly inhibited cell viability, and 10 μM PNP was thus selected for subsequent experiments. Although PNP (10 μM) inhibited cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis, and changed the cell cycle distribution and ultrastructure in both types of cells, these effects were more significant in the TM4 cells. In addition, an Agilent mouse mRNA array was used to identify the gene expression differences between the control and PNP (10 μM) exposed TM3 and TM4 cells. The microarray analysis identified 67 and 1372 differentially expressed genes mainly concentrated in endothelial cell morphogenesis and anatomical structure development in TM3 cells and associated with cardiovascular system development and circulatory system development in TM4 cells. Moreover, a pathway analysis revealed that PNP not only predominately affected meiotic recombination and meiosis in TM3 cells, but also influenced axon guidance and developmental biology in TM4 cells. These results suggest that TM3 and TM4 cells exhibit different responses to PNP, which might mediate different toxic mechanisms.
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17
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Bilal M, Bagheri AR, Bhatt P, Chen S. Environmental occurrence, toxicity concerns, and remediation of recalcitrant nitroaromatic compounds. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 291:112685. [PMID: 33930637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) are considered important groups of chemicals mainly produced by human and industrial activities. The large-scale application of these xenobiotics creates contamination of the water and soil environment. Despite applicability, NACs have been caused severe hazardous side effects in animals and human systems like different cancers, anemia, skin irritation, liver damage and mutagenic effects. The effective remediation of the NACs from the environment is a significant concern. Researchers have implemented physicochemical and biological methods for the remediation of NACs from the environment. Most of the applied methods are based on adsorption and degradation approaches. Among these methods, degradation is considered a versatile method for the subsequent removal of NACs due to its exceptional properties like simplicity, easy operation, cost-effectiveness, and availability. Most importantly, the degradation process does not generate hazardous side products and wastes compared to other methods. Hence, the importance of NACs, their remediation, and supreme attributes of the degradation method have encouraged us to review the recent progress and development for the removal of these perilous materials using degradation as a versatile method. Therefore, in this review, (i) NACs, physicochemical properties, and their hazardous side effects on humans and animals are discussed; (ii) Physicochemical methods, microbial, anaerobic bioremediation, mycoremediation, and aerobic degradation approaches for the degradation of NACs were thoroughly vetted; (iii) The possible mechanisms for degradation of NACs were investigated and discussed. (iv) The applied kinetic models for evaluation of the rate of degradation were also assessed and discussed. Finally, (vi) current challenges and future prospects of proposed methods for degradation and removal of NACs were also directed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China.
| | | | - Pankaj Bhatt
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Shaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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18
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Akita T, Kimura R, Akaguma S, Nagai M, Nakao Y, Tsugane M, Suzuki H, Oka JI, Yamashita C. Usefulness of cell-penetrating peptides and penetration accelerating sequence for nose-to-brain delivery of glucagon-like peptide-2. J Control Release 2021; 335:575-583. [PMID: 34116136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are expected as therapeutic drug candidates for central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) has an antidepressant-like effect not only in depression model mice but also in treatment-resistant depression model mice. However, because i.c.v. administration is very invasive, research is progressing on brain delivery using intranasal administration as a non-invasive method. After intranasal administration of the drug, there are two routes to the brain. That of direct delivery from the paracellular route of olfactory epithelium to the brain via the olfactory bulb has been studied, and that of systemic absorption via the paracellular route of respiratory epithelium has been put to practical use. The high degree of vascularization and permeability of the nasal mucosa enables drug delivery via the paracellular route that leads to systemic delivery. Therefore, suppressing systemic absorption may increase drug delivery to brain, so we focused on the transcellular route. We created a GLP-2 derivative by adding cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) and penetration accelerating sequences (PAS), which are reported to provide efficient intracellular uptake, to GLP-2. However, to deliver GLP-2 by the transcellular route, GLP-2 must not only be taken up into cells but also move out of the cells. We investigated in vitro and in vivo function of PAS-CPP-GLP-2 to enable the translocation of GLP-2 directly from the nose to the brain. Derivatization of PAS-CPP-GLP-2 prevented its degradation. In the evaluation of intracellular dynamics, PAS-CPP-GLP-2 enhanced cellular uptake by macropinocytosis with CPP and promoted escape from endosomal vesicles by PAS. This study also showed that PAS-CPP-GLP-2 can move out of cells. Furthermore, only this PAS-CPP-GLP-2 showed an antidepression-like effect within 20 min of intranasal administration. Intranasal administered PAS-CPP-GLP-2 surprisingly showed the effect at the same dose with i.c.v. administration, but intravenous administered PAS-CPP-GLP-2 did not show the effect. These results suggested that PAS-CPP-GLP-2 can be efficiently delivered from the nose to the CNS and show a pharmacological effect, demonstrating the usefulness of PAS and CPP for nose-to-brain delivery of GLP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Akita
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kimura
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Saki Akaguma
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Mio Nagai
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakao
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Mamiko Tsugane
- Department of Precision Mechanics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Department of Precision Mechanics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Oka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Chikamasa Yamashita
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
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