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Huy BT, Nguyen XC, Bui VKH, Tri NN, Rabani I, Tran NHT, Ly QV, Truong HB. Photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic sulfamethizole by visible light activated perovskite LaZnO 3. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 144:212-224. [PMID: 38802232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In this work, the perovskite LaZnO3 was synthesized via sol-gel method and applied for photocatalytic treatment of sulfamethizole (SMZ) antibiotics under visible light activation. SMZ was almost completely degraded (99.2% ± 0.3%) within 4 hr by photocatalyst LaZnO3 at the optimal dosage of 1.1 g/L, with a mineralization proportion of 58.7% ± 0.4%. The efficient performance of LaZnO3 can be attributed to its wide-range light absorption and the appropriate energy band edge levels, which facilitate the formation of active agents such as ·O2-, h+, and ·OH. The integration of RP-HPLC/Q-TOF-MS and DFT-based computational techniques revealed three degradation pathways of SMZ, which were initiated by the deamination reaction at the aniline ring, the breakdown of the sulfonamide moieties, and a process known as Smile-type rearrangement and SO2 intrusion. Corresponding toxicity of SMZ and the intermediates were analyzed by quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR), indicating the effectiveness of LaZnO3-based photocatalysis in preventing secondary pollution of the intermediates to the ecosystem during the degradation process. The visible-light-activated photocatalyst LaZnO3 exhibited efficient performance in the occurrence of inorganic anions and maintained high durability across multiple recycling tests, making it a promising candidate for practical antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bui The Huy
- Major of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Smart Healthcare, College of Information Technology and Convergence, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - X Cuong Nguyen
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Vu Khac Hoang Bui
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Nguyen Ngoc Tri
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Modelling, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Quy Nhon University, Quy Nhon, Viet Nam
| | - Iqra Rabani
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Nhu Hoa Thi Tran
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Quang Viet Ly
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea
| | - Hai Bang Truong
- Optical Materials Research Group, Science and Technology Advanced Institute, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Technology, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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Yin C, He X, Yang X, Zeng C, Feng Y, Xu B, Tang Y. Enhanced electrocatalytic removal of bisphenol a by introducing Co/N into precursor formed from phenolic resin waste. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142204. [PMID: 38704044 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a typical endocrine disruptor, which can be used as an industrial raw material for the synthesis of polycarbonate and epoxy resins, etc. Recently, BPA has appeared on the list of priority new pollutants for control in various countries and regions. In this study, phenolic resin waste was utilized as a multi-carbon precursor for the electrocatalytic cathode and loaded with cobalt/nitrogen (Co/N) on its surface to form qualitative two-dimensional carbon nano-flakes (Co/NC). The onset potentials, half-wave potentials, and limiting current densities of the nitrogen-doped composite carbon material Co/NC in oxygen saturated 0.5 mol H2SO4 were -0.08 V, -0.61 V, and -0.41 mA cm-2; and those of alkaline conditions were -0.65 V, -2.51 V, and -0.38 mA cm-2, and the corresponding indexes were improved compared with those of blank titanium electrodes, which indicated that the constructed nitrogen-doped composite carbon material Co/NC was superior in oxygen reduction ability. The catalysis by metallic cobalt as well as the N-hybridized active sites significantly improved the efficiency of electrocatalytic degradation of BPA. In the electro-Fenton system, the yield of hydrogen peroxide generated by cathodic reduction of oxygen was 4.012 mg L-1, which effectively promoted the activation of hydroxyl radicals. The removal rate of BPA was above 95% within 180 min. This work provides a new insight for the design and development of novel catalyst to degrade organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Treatment for Towns in the Yangtze River Delta, Ministry of Water Resources, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xin He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Treatment for Towns in the Yangtze River Delta, Ministry of Water Resources, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Treatment for Towns in the Yangtze River Delta, Ministry of Water Resources, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chao Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Treatment for Towns in the Yangtze River Delta, Ministry of Water Resources, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yuheng Feng
- Thermal and Environmental Engineering Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Bin Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Treatment for Towns in the Yangtze River Delta, Ministry of Water Resources, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yulin Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Treatment for Towns in the Yangtze River Delta, Ministry of Water Resources, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Sacco N, Iguini A, Gamba I, Marchesini FA, García G. Pd:In-Doped TiO 2 as a Bifunctional Catalyst for the Photoelectrochemical Oxidation of Paracetamol and Simultaneous Green Hydrogen Production. Molecules 2024; 29:1073. [PMID: 38474584 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The integration of clean energy generation with wastewater treatment holds promise for addressing both environmental and energy concerns. Focusing on photocatalytic hydrogen production and wastewater treatment, this study introduces PdIn/TiO2 catalysts for the simultaneous removal of the pharmaceutical contaminant paracetamol (PTM) and hydrogen production. Physicochemical characterization showed a high distribution of Pd and In on the support as well as a high interaction with it. The Pd and In deposition enhance the light absorption capability and significantly improve the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in the absence and presence of paracetamol compared to TiO2. On the other hand, the photoelectroxidation of PTM at TiO2 and PdIn/TiO2 follows the full mineralization path and, accordingly, is limited by the adsorption of intermediate species on the electrode surface. Thus, PdIn-doped TiO2 stands out as a promising photoelectrocatalyst, showcasing enhanced physicochemical properties and superior photoelectrocatalytic performance. This underscores its potential for both environmental remediation and sustainable hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Sacco
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica, INCAPE (UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Santiago del Estero 2829, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Alexander Iguini
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Universitario de Materiales y Nanotecnología, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), P.O. Box 456, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Ilaria Gamba
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Universitario de Materiales y Nanotecnología, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), P.O. Box 456, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Fernanda Albana Marchesini
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica, INCAPE (UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Santiago del Estero 2829, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo García
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Universitario de Materiales y Nanotecnología, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), P.O. Box 456, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
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Balakrishnan A, Chinthala M, Polagani RK. 3D kaolinite/g-C 3N 4-alginate beads as an affordable and sustainable photocatalyst for wastewater remediation. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121420. [PMID: 37940252 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) is an efficient visible-light-driven metal-free semiconductor with superior photocatalytic activity. However, the main drawbacks of GCN include lower adsorption capacity, poor reusability and recoverability. To address these drawbacks, kaolinite/g-C3N4-alginate beads were fabricated using a cross-linking method to remove brilliant green dye from wastewater via photocatalysis. The characterization studies proved the alginate's potential capability in altering photocatalyst bandgap (2.78 to 2.55 eV) and minimizing recombination of electron-hole pairs. Kaolinite/g-C3N4-alginate photocatalyst removed 97 % of brilliant green (10 mg/L) in 90 min under visible light irradiation. The superior performance of the kaolinite/g-C3N4-alginate beads was ascribed to its improved adsorption and effective utilization of visible light. The key advantages of kaolinite/g-C3N4-alginate beads were their quick recovery and extended reusability upto ten cycles. The sustainability metrics analysis of kaolinite/g-C3N4-alginate beads confirmed the environmental suitability and practicability in wastewater remediation. This study provides new insights into the low-cost and sustainable preparation of highly reusable g-C3N4-based photocatalysts for environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Balakrishnan
- Process Intensification Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Mahendra Chinthala
- Process Intensification Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.
| | - Rajesh Kumar Polagani
- Centre for Fuel Cell Technology (CFCT), International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), Chennai, Tamilnadu 600113, India
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Deng Q, Li R, Chen A, Zhong Y, Yin X, Zhang Y, Yang R. Green synthesis of rectangular hollow tubular carbon nitride via in-situ self-assembly strategy to enhance the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride under visible light irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117252. [PMID: 37783322 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
It has been an urgent requirement for materials with remarkable performance in the photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants by photocatalytic technology. Limited surface area and speedy recombination rate of photogenerated charge carriers seriously restrain the application of g-C3N4. Morphology control is a powerful approach to enhance the photocatalytic efficiency of g-C3N4. Herein, we reported a method to attain graphitic carbon nitride with rectangular hollow tubular morphology and asperous surface (TUM-CN-2) which is prepared from urea-melamine hydrothermal products and trithiocyanuric acid by self-assembling without using organic solvents or template agents. The specific surface area, photocatalytic activity, and photo-generated carriers migration and separation rate of the obtained photocatalyst TUM-CN-2 are vastly improved. Contrasted with pure g-C3N4, the degradation rate of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) and Rhodamine B (RhB) was enhanced about 3.04 and 13.96 times in visible light irradiation, respectively. Moreover, the interference parameters, active free radicals, potential degradation mechanism, and degradation paths of TCH were researched systematically. This work provides a green way to acquire the modified g-C3N4 with splendid catalytic activity through the self-assembly method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunfen Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Renjie Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Anli Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghang Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.
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Bang Truong H, Cuong Nguyen X, Hur J. Recent advances in g-C 3N 4-based photocatalysis for water treatment: Magnetic and floating photocatalysts, and applications of machine-learning techniques. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118895. [PMID: 37659370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been a substantial increase in research investigating the potential of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) for various environmental remediations. Renowned for its photocatalytic activity under visible light, g-C3N4 offers a promising solution for treating water pollutants. However, traditional g-C3N4-based photocatalysts have inherent drawbacks, creating a disparity between laboratory efficacy and real-world applications. A primary practical challenge is their fine-powdered form, which hinders separation and recycling processes. A promising approach to address these challenges involves integrating magnetic or floating materials into conventional photocatalysts, a strategy gaining traction within the g-C3N4-based photocatalyst arena. Another emerging solution to enhance practical applications entails merging experimental results with contemporary computational methods. This synergy seeks to optimize the synthesis of more efficient photocatalysts and pinpoint optimal conditions for pollutant removal. While numerous review articles discuss the laboratory-based photocatalytic applications of g-C3N4-based materials, there is a conspicuous absence of comprehensive coverage regarding state-of-the-art research on improved g-C3N4-based photocatalysts for practical applications. This review fills this void, spotlighting three pivotal domains: magnetic g-C3N4 photocatalysts, floating g-C3N4 photocatalysts, and the application of machine learning to g-C3N4 photocatalysis. Accompanied by a thorough analysis, this review also provides perspectives on future directions to enhance the efficacy of g-C3N4-based photocatalysts in water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Bang Truong
- Optical Materials Research Group, Science and Technology Advanced Institute, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Technology, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Xuan Cuong Nguyen
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
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Deshmukh S, Pawar K, Koli V, Pachfule P. Emerging Graphitic Carbon Nitride-based Nanobiomaterials for Biological Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:1339-1367. [PMID: 37011107 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) based nanostructures are distinctive materials with unique compositional, structural, optical, and electronic properties with exceptional band structure, moderate surface area, and exceptional thermal and chemical stability. Because of these properties, g-CN based nanomaterials have shown promising applications and higher performance in the biological avenue. This review covers the state-of-the-art synthetic strategies used for the preparation of the materials, the basic structure, and a panorama of different optimization strategies leading to improved physicochemical properties responsible for the biological application. The following sections include the recent progress in the use of g-CN based nanobiomaterials for biosensors, bioimaging, photodynamic therapy, drug delivery, chemotherapy, and the antimicrobial segment. Furthermore, we have summarized the role and evaluation of biosafety and biocompatibility of the material. Finally, the unresolved issues, plausible challenges, current status, and future perspectives for the development and design of g-CN have been summarized and are expected to promote a clinical path for the medical sector and human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamkumar Deshmukh
- Department of Chemistry, Damani Bhairuratan Fatechand, Dayanand College of Arts and Science, Solapur 413002, India
| | - Krishna Pawar
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India
| | - Valmiki Koli
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Shou-Feng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Pradip Pachfule
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata 700106, India
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Zhang H, Wang C, Li L, Zhang J, Zhao J, Sun T, Cui B. 3D-crumpled graphitic carbon nitride achieving promoted visible-light-driven molecular oxygen activation for phenol degradation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 321:138107. [PMID: 36773675 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Boosting optical absorption and charge transfer of g-C3N4 is of great importance but a challenging task for developing metal-free high-performance photocatalyst. Herein, 3D-crumpled g-C3N4 (DCN) is synthesized through a direct top-down thermal etching strategy. The thermal exfoliation of layered bulk g-C3N4 (BCN) in air atmosphere induces partial distortion of heptazine-based g-C3N4 nanosheet, which further self-assemble into 3D-crumpled network structure. Spectroscopic and photoelectrochemical characterization demonstrate that the unique DCN can not only remarkably extend the visible-light response region to 600 nm by awakening the n-π* electron transition, but also significantly promote O2 activation for selective H2O2 generation owing to the intensified electron delocalization and charge transport ability. Thus, DCN catalyst realizes an excellent photocatalytic phenol degradation rate under visible light irradiation (0.690 h-1), far (4.4-fold) out from the BCN counterparts. This work enables synergistic optimization of optical absorption, charge transport and surface-active sites by constructing a 3D-crumpled structure, which expands the engineering toolbox of metal-free skeleton photocatalyst for developing practical and economical catalysts for environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Chengwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Environmental and Ecological Technology for River Basins, Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- School of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jinbo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Baoshan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Sun S, Yang J, Liu Y, Xie Y, Mwabulili F. Porous Graphitic phase carbon nitride/graphene oxide hydrogel microspheres for efficient and recyclable degradation of aflatoxin B 1 in peanut oil. Food Chem 2023; 417:135964. [PMID: 36934709 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Removal of aflatoxin is an urgent issue in agricultural products. A porous graphitic carbon nitride/graphene oxide hydrogel microsphere (CN/GO/SA) was synthesized and used to degrade AFB1 in peanut oil. CN/GO/SA was characterized by scanning electron micrograph (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FT-IR. The introduction of GO significantly improved the adsorption capacity and visible light activity of photocatalysts. About 98.4% AFB1 in peanut oil was removed by 20% CN/GO/SA under visible light for 120 min. ‧O2- and h+ were the main active species during photoreaction, and five degradation products were identified by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS analysis. At the same time, the quality of treated peanut oil was still acceptable. More importantly, CN/GO/SA showed excellent cycle stability, and the degradation rate of AFB1 in peanut oil remained above 95% after five-time recycling. This work provides a practical way for developing efficient and sustainable photocatalysts to degrade mycotoxins in edible oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jiayi Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yajie Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanli Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Fred Mwabulili
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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10
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Oxygen-doped and pyridine-grafted g-C3N4 for visible-light driven peroxymonosulfate activation: Insights of enhanced tetracycline degradation mechanism. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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Wu Q, Song Y. Recent advances in spinel ferrite-based magnetic photocatalysts for efficient degradation of organic pollutants. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 87:1465-1495. [PMID: 37001160 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Although spinel ferrite (MFe2O4, M = Zn, Ni, Mn, etc.) has been reported as a promising catalyst, its low photocatalytic activity under visible light greatly restricts its practical application. Spinel ferrite-based photocatalytic composites have exhibited improved efficiency for pollutant degradation, due to interface charge carrier mobility and structural modification. Meanwhile, due to its magnetism and stability, spinel ferrite composite can be easily recycled for long-term utilization, showing its high application potential. In this review, the recent advances in the construction and photocatalytic degradation of spinel ferrite composites are discussed, with an emphasis on the relationship between structural property and photocatalytic activity. In addition, to improve their photocatalytic application, the challenges, gaps and future research prospects are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China E-mail:
| | - Youtao Song
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China E-mail: ; International Engineering Technology Research Institute of Urban and Energy Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
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Pattanayak DS, Pal D, Mishra J, Thakur C. Noble metal-free doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3N 4) for efficient photodegradation of antibiotics: progress, limitations, and future directions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:25546-25558. [PMID: 35469383 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is well recognised as one of the most promising materials for photocatalytic activities such as environmental remediation via organic pollution elimination. New methods of nanoscale structure design introduce tunable electrical characteristics and broaden their use as visible light-induced photocatalysts. This paper summarises the most recent developments in the design of g-C3N4 with element doping. Various methods of introducing metal and nonmetal elements into g-C3N4 have been investigated in order to simultaneously tune the material's textural and electronic properties to improve its response to the entire visible light range, facilitate charge separation, and extend charge carrier lifetime. The degradation of antibiotics is one of the application domains of such doped g-C3N4. We expect that this research will provide fresh insights into clear design methods for efficient photocatalysts that will solve environmental challenges in a sustainable manner. Finally, the problems and potential associated with g-C3N4-based nanomaterials are discussed. This review is expected to encourage the ongoing development of g-C3N4-based materials for greater efficiency in photocatalytic antibiotic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruti Sundar Pattanayak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, 492 010, CG, India
| | - Dharm Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, 492 010, CG, India.
| | - Jyoti Mishra
- Department of Chemistry (Environmental Science and Technology Program), ITER, Siksha'O'Anusandhan (Deemed to Be) University, Bhubaneswar, 751 030, Odisha, India
| | - Chandrakant Thakur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, 492 010, CG, India
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Wei X, Pan Y, Li M, Linghu W, Guo X. Mechanism of Eu(III), La(III), Nd(III), and Th(IV) removal by g-C3N4 based on spectroscopic analyses and DFT theoretical calculations. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-023-04954-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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14
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Balakrishnan A, Chinthala M, Polagani RK, Vo DVN. Removal of tetracycline from wastewater using g-C 3N 4 based photocatalysts: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114660. [PMID: 36368373 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tetracycline is currently one of the most consumed antibiotics for human therapy, veterinary purpose, and agricultural activities. Tetracycline worldwide consumption is expected to rise by about more than 30% by 2030. The persistence of tetracycline has necessitated implementing and adopting strategies to protect aquatic systems and the environment from noxious pollutants. Here, graphitic carbon nitride-based photocatalytic technology is considered because of higher visible light photocatalytic activity, low cost, and non-toxicity. Thus, this review highlights the recent progress in the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline using g-C3N4-based photocatalysts. Additionally, properties, worldwide consumption, occurrence, and environmental impacts of tetracycline are comprehensively addressed. Studies proved the occurrence of tetracycline in all water matrices across the world with a maximum concentration of 54 μg/L. Among different g-C3N4-based materials, heterojunctions exhibited the maximum photocatalytic degradation of 100% with the reusability of 5 cycles. The photocatalytic membranes are found to be feasible due to easiness in recovery and better reusability. Limitations of g-C3N4-based wastewater treatment technology and efficient solutions are also emphasized in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Balakrishnan
- Process Intensification Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769 008, India
| | - Mahendra Chinthala
- Process Intensification Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769 008, India.
| | - Rajesh Kumar Polagani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bheemanna Khandre Institute of Technology, Bhalki, India
| | - Dai-Viet N Vo
- Center of Excellence for Green Energy and Environmental Nanomaterials (CE@GrEEN), Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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15
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Parasuraman V, Perumalswamy Sekar P, Mst Akter S, Ram Lee W, Young Park T, Gon Kim C, Kim S. Improved photocatalytic disinfection of dual oxidation state (dos)-Ni/g–C3N4 under indoor daylight. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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16
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Yang H, Cao P, Zhang Y, Zhou M, Wang Q, Wang R, Song P, He Y. Construction of WO 3 nanocubes@Loess for rapid photocatalytic degradation of organics in wastewater under sunlight. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:82297-82308. [PMID: 35752672 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21633-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In nowadays, environmental pollution has been greatly improved, but the development of low-cost and environmentally friendly materials are still challenge in the field of water treatment. Herein, a cheap and eco-friendly natural loess particle (LoP) was used for in situ growth of tungsten trioxide nanocubes (WO3NCs) on its surface via a simple one-pot hydrothermal method, which afforded a stable loess-based photocatalyst (WO3NCs@LoP). It was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photocatalytic performances of WO3NCs@LoP were applied to photodegradation of organics under visible-light illumination. It was found that the removal rate of methylene blue (MB) got to 99% within 20 min, which was higher than that of materials, such as pure LoP and WO3NCs. Moreover, the photocatalytic activity of WO3NCs@LoP remained 85% after 9 cycling times, indicating its high stability and reusability. It was suggested that the synergy of the well narrowed band gap and effectual control of e--h+ recombination in WO3NCs@LoP improve its photodegradation efficiency. In summary, using natural minerals (LoP) as carrier, a novel eco-friendly photocatalyst could be explored for photodegradation of organic pollutions in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Key Lab. Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of MOE, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Peiyu Cao
- Key Lab. Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of MOE, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Key Lab. Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of MOE, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Meiling Zhou
- Key Lab. Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of MOE, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Key Lab. Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of MOE, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Rongmin Wang
- Key Lab. Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of MOE, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Pengfei Song
- Key Lab. Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of MOE, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yufeng He
- Key Lab. Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of MOE, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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17
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Shi Z, Rao L, Wang P, Zhang L. The photocatalytic activity and purification performance of g-C 3N 4/carbon nanotubes composite photocatalyst in underwater environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:83981-83992. [PMID: 35776310 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21535-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a promising photocatalyst for its high catalytic activity, low-cost and high-biosafety characteristics. Due to the complexity of underwater photochemical reaction conditions and the disadvantages of g-C3N4 itself such as low specific surface area, easy recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and insufficient light absorption capacity, the application of g-C3N4 in the field of water purification is limited. For improving underwater photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4, a g-C3N4/carbon nanotubes (CNT-CN) composite photocatalyst with high specific surface area and enhanced light absorption capacity were prepared by in situ solvothermal method. Its photodegradation efficiency at different underwater transmission light was further studied. The results show that CNT has good compatibility with g-C3N4. g-C3N4 can grow in situ on the surface of CNT and form a stable composite structure. Moreover, its degradation efficiency under long-wavelength irradiation is improved significantly. The degradation rate of CNT-CN at 550-700 nm was about 3 times than that of g-C3N4. Furthermore, CNT-CN can maintain higher photocatalytic activity under water. At 40 cm depth where light intensity and ultraviolet spectra were attenuated 63.8% and 80.1%, respectively, the degradation rate of CNT-CN3 can still reach 3.49 times than that of g-C3N4. Based on this study, the introduction of CNT effectively promotes the electron-hole separation efficiency of g-C3N4, widens its spectral response range, and thus improves its underwater degradation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development On Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Lei Rao
- College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development On Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development On Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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18
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Sharma M, Mandal MK, Pandey S, Kumar R, Dubey KK. Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline Using Heterostructured Cu 2O-TiO 2 Nanotubes, Kinetics, and Toxicity Evaluation of Degraded Products on Cell Lines. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:33572-33586. [PMID: 36157782 PMCID: PMC9494644 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study first reports on the tetracycline photodegradation with the synthesized heterostructured titanium oxide nanotubes coupled with cuprous oxide photocatalyst. The large surface area and more active sites on TiO2 nanotubes with a reduced band gap (coupling of Cu2O) provide faster photodegradation of tetracycline under visible light conditions. Cytotoxicity experiments performed on the RAW 264.7 (mouse macrophage) and THP-1 (human monocytes) cell lines of tetracycline and the photodegraded products of tetracycline as well as quenching experiments were also performed. The effects of different parameters like pH, photocatalyst loading concentration, cuprous oxide concentration, and tetracycline load on the photodegradation rate were investigated. With an enhanced surface area of nanotubes and a reduced band gap of 2.58 eV, 1.5 g/L concentration of 10% C-TAC showed the highest efficiency of visible-light-driven photodegradation (∼100% photodegradation rate in 60 min) of tetracycline at pH 5, 7, and 9. The photodegradation efficiency is not depleted up to five consecutive batch cycles. Quenching experiments confirmed that superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radicals are the most involved reactive species in the photodegradation of tetracycline, while valance band electrons are the least involved reactive species. The cytotoxicity percentage of tetracycline and its degraded products on RAW 264.7 (-0.932) as well as THP-1 (-0.931) showed a negative correlation with the degradation percentage with a p-value of 0.01. The toxicity-free effluent of photodegradation suggests the application of the synthesized photocatalyst in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Sharma
- Department
of Biotechnology, Central University of
Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123031, India
| | - Mrinal Kanti Mandal
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Institute
of Technology, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India
| | - Shailesh Pandey
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Institute
of Technology, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department
of Biotechnology, Central University of
Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123031, India
| | - Kashyap Kumar Dubey
- Bioprocess
Engineering Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New
Delhi 110067, India
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19
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Chen M, Li M, Lee SLJ, Zhao X, Lin S. Constructing novel graphitic carbon nitride-based nanocomposites - From the perspective of material dimensions and interfacial characteristics. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134889. [PMID: 35551931 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), a fascinating metal-free conjugated polymer, has garnered immense interest in the fields of solar power generation and environmental remediation. The construction of g-C3N4-based nanocomposites with materials of various dimensions can further improve their photocatalytic activities by surface area enlargement, bandgap tuning, heterojunction formation, etc. In this paper, we comprehensively reviewed the design, synthesis, and functionalities of g-C3N4-based nanocomposites based on their applications in hydrogen evolution, CO2 reduction, and pollutants removal. We provided detailed analyses on the integration of 2D g-C3N4 with zero-, one-, two-, and three-dimensional materials with a focus on their interfacial characteristics and functional improvement. This review aims to stimulate fresh ideas on the interfacial engineering of g-C3N4-based nanocomposites to broaden their future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Chen
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Mengxue Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Stephanie Ling Jie Lee
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Sijie Lin
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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20
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Mir S, Naderifar A, Rahidi A, Alaei M. Developing a facile graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3N 4)-coated stainless steel mesh with different superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic and superoleophilic behavior for oil-water separation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:66888-66901. [PMID: 35513622 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20560-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing demand for the development of inexpensive and effective approaches for the oil-water separation due to the global concern in oil industries. The present study was conducted to fabricate graphitic carbon nitride/thermoplastic polyurethane (g-C3N4/TPU)-coated stainless steel meshes via the dip-coating method to investigate the capability of g-C3N4 nanosheets (CN-NS) in oil-water separation. CN-NS was synthesized using the polycondensation process followed by exfoliation with Hummer's method. We studied the effect of TPU and CN-NS concentration on wettability behavior to obtain an optimized coating solution. CN-NS-coated mesh showed superoleophilic/hydrophobic behavior at CN-NS:TPU ratio of 50:50, and it efficiently passed oil from the emulsified water-in-oil mixture (with 50 wt.% oil) with the efficiency of 99%. The wettability behavior of superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic was also obtained at CN-NS:TPU ratio of 80:20, and it was able to separate water from the emulsified water-in-oil mixture with the efficiency of 79% under gravity. Both filters were able to separate free water and oil mixtures with flux and efficiency of 6114 L.m-2.h-1 and ~ 99.99%, respectively. The mechanism of wettability behavior of the coating is mainly related to the functional groups on the edge of g-C3N4-NS, thus increasing the hydrophilic properties of the surface. In addition, the micro-nano hierarchical structure of the surface coating improves its roughness due to the presence of CN-NS, which is effectively embedded into the hydrophilic TPU. More importantly, commercially available TPU chemical and simple fabrication of g-C3N4 from an inexpensive precursor make the method reported herein as a significant alternative for large-scale application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Mir
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Naderifar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Alimorad Rahidi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahshad Alaei
- Catalyst Division, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Cong Y, Li Y, Wang X, Wei X, Che L, Lv SW. A newly-constructed double p-n heterojunction based on g-C3N4@NiO/Ni@MIL-101 ternary composite with enhanced photocatalytic performance for wastewater purification. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Truong HB, Huy BT, Ray SK, Gyawali G, Lee YI, Cho J, Hur J. Magnetic visible-light activated photocatalyst ZnFe 2O 4/BiVO 4/g-C 3N 4 for decomposition of antibiotic lomefloxacin: Photocatalytic mechanism, degradation pathway, and toxicity assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134320. [PMID: 35364082 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic ZnFe2O4/BiVO4/g-C3N4 (ZBC) composites were prepared via a facile hydrothermal and calcination method for the degradation of a representative antibiotics lomefloxacin (LFX) under visible light irradiation. The optimal photocatalyst ZBC-10 with a ZnFe2O4:BiVO4:g-C3N4 mass ratio of 1:8:10 performed 96.1% removal of LFX after 105 min of illumination. The excellent performance is ascribed to the effective construction of heterojunctions and its capacity to form a double Z-scheme charge transmission pathway among the hosts in ZBC-10. The composite enhanced the separation and migration of photoexcited charge carriers and the effective generation of multiple active radicals including ·OH, ·O2-, and 1O2. The LFX degradation process, identified based on an integrated HPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis and density functional theory computation of the Fukui indices, comprised of three pathways initiated by the opening of the piperazinyl ring, separation of piperazinyl and quinoline moieties, and cleavage of the pyridine ring on the quinoline moieties. Ecotoxicological evaluation confirmed the reduced toxicity of transformation intermediates over photocatalysis. Convenient magnetic recovery, high performance, and high recyclability made ZBC-10 a promising visible-light-activated photocatalyst for practical implementation in eliminating antibiotics from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Bang Truong
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Bui The Huy
- Department of Materials Convergence and System Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, 51140, South Korea
| | - Schindra Kumar Ray
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Gobinda Gyawali
- Department of Fusion Science and Technology, Sun Moon University, Asan, 31460, South Korea
| | - Yong-Ill Lee
- Department of Materials Convergence and System Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, 51140, South Korea
| | - Jinwoo Cho
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
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23
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Zhao Y, Wang L, Malpass-Evans R, McKeown NB, Carta M, Lowe JP, Lyall CL, Castaing R, Fletcher PJ, Kociok-Köhn G, Wenk J, Guo Z, Marken F. Effects of g-C 3N 4 Heterogenization into Intrinsically Microporous Polymers on the Photocatalytic Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:19938-19948. [PMID: 35466666 PMCID: PMC9073839 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is known to photogenerate hydrogen peroxide in the presence of hole quenchers in aqueous environments. Here, the g-C3N4 photocatalyst is embedded into a host polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) to provide recoverable heterogenized photocatalysts without loss of activity. Different types of g-C3N4 (including Pt@g-C3N4, Pd@g-C3N4, and Au@g-C3N4) and different quenchers are investigated. Exploratory experiments yield data that suggest binding of the quencher either (i) directly by adsorption onto the g-C3N4 (as shown for α-glucose) or (ii) indirectly by absorption into the microporous polymer host environment (as shown for Triton X-100) enhances the overall photochemical H2O2 production process. The amphiphilic molecule Triton X-100 is shown to interact only weakly with g-C3N4 but strongly with PIM-1, resulting in accumulation and enhanced H2O2 production due to the microporous polymer host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhu Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Lina Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Richard Malpass-Evans
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster
Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3JF, UK
| | - Neil B. McKeown
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster
Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3JF, UK
| | - Mariolino Carta
- Department
of Chemistry, Swansea University, College
of Science, Grove Building, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - John P. Lowe
- University
of Bath, Materials & Chemical Characterisation
Facility, MC, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Catherine L. Lyall
- University
of Bath, Materials & Chemical Characterisation
Facility, MC, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Rémi Castaing
- University
of Bath, Materials & Chemical Characterisation
Facility, MC, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Philip J. Fletcher
- University
of Bath, Materials & Chemical Characterisation
Facility, MC, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- University
of Bath, Materials & Chemical Characterisation
Facility, MC, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Jannis Wenk
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Water Innovation Research Centre, WIRC, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Zhenyu Guo
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Frank Marken
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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