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Gu X, Sun J, Wang T, Li J, Wang H, Wang J, Wang Y. Comprehensive review of microbial production of medium-chain fatty acids from waste activated sludge and enhancement strategy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 402:130782. [PMID: 38701982 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Microbial production of versatile applicability medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) (C6-C10) from waste activated sludge (WAS) provides a pioneering approach for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to achieve carbon recovery. Mounting studies emerged endeavored to promote the MCFAs production from WAS while struggling with limited MCFAs production and selectivity. Herein, this review covers comprehensive introduction of the transformation process from WAS to MCFAs and elaborates the mechanisms for unsatisfactory MCFAs production. The enhancement strategies for biotransformation of WAS to MCFAs was presented. Especially, the robust performance of iron-based materials is highlighted. Furthermore, knowledge gaps are identified to outline future research directions. Recycling MCFAs from WAS presents a promising option for future WAS treatment, with iron-based materials emerging as a key regulatory strategy in advancing the application of WAS-to-MCFAs biotechnology. This review will advance the understanding of MCFAs recovery from WAS and promote sustainable resource management in WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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2
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Sun X, Chen H, Cui T, Zhao L, Wang C, Zhu X, Yang T, Yin Y. Enhanced medium-chain fatty acid production from sewage sludge by combined electro-fermentation and anaerobic fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024:130917. [PMID: 38824969 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Electro-fermentation (EF) was combined with anaerobic fermentation (AF) to promote medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) from sewage sludge. Results showed that EF at acidification process significantly increased short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production of by 0.5 times (82.4 mmol C/L). AF facilitated the chain elongation (CE) process by enhancing the SCFA conversion. Combined EF at acidification and AF at CE (EF-AF) achieved the highest MCFA production of 27.9 mmol C/L, which was 20 %-866 % higher than the other groups. Electrochemical analyses showed that enhanced SCFA and MCFA production was accompanied with good electrochemical performance at acidification and CE. Microbial analyses showed that EF-AF promoted MCFA production by enriching electrochemically active bacteria (EAB, Bacillus sp.). Enzyme analyses indicated that EF-AF promoted MCFA production by enriching the functional enzymes involved in Acetyl-CoA formation and the fatty acid biosynthesis (FAB) pathway. This study provided new insights into the production of MCFA from enhanced sewage sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR China; Division of Materials Chemistry and New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Hui Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Ting Cui
- Department of Industrial Technology, Sinopec (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry CO., Ltd., Beijing 100013, PR China
| | - Lei Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR China.
| | - Cheng Wang
- Division of Materials Chemistry and New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xuejun Zhu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, Sichuan 617000, PR China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, Sichuan 617000, PR China
| | - Yanan Yin
- Division of Materials Chemistry and New Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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3
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Shi X, Wei W, Wu L, Huang Y, Ni BJ. Biosynthesis mechanisms of medium-chain carboxylic acids and alcohols in anaerobic microalgae fermentation regulated by pH conditions. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0125023. [PMID: 38112479 PMCID: PMC10807445 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01250-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Valorization of microalgae into high-value products and drop-in chemicals can reduce our dependence on non-renewable fossil fuels in an environmentally sustainable way. Among the valuable products, medium-chain carboxylic acids (MCCAs) and alcohols are attractive building blocks as fuel precursors. However, the biosynthetic mechanisms of MCCAs and alcohols in anaerobic microalgae fermentation and the regulating role of pH on the microbial structure and metabolism interaction among different functional groups have never been documented. In this work, we systematically investigated the roles of pH (5, 7, and 10) on the production of MCCAs and alcohols in anaerobic microalgae fermentation. The gene-centric and genome-centric metagenomes were employed to uncover the dynamics and metabolic network of the key players in the microbial communities. The results indicated that the pH significantly changed the product spectrum. The maximum production rate of alcohol was obtained at pH 5, while pH 7 was more beneficial for MCCA production. Metagenomic analysis reveals that this differential performance under different pH is attributed to the transformation of microbial guild and metabolism regulated by pH. The composition of various functional groups for MCCA and alcohol production also varies at different pH levels. Finally, a metabolic network was proposed to reveal the microbial interactions at different pH levels and thus provide insights into bioconversion of microalgae to high-value biofuels.IMPORTANCECarboxylate platforms encompass a biosynthesis process involving a mixed and undefined culture, enabling the conversion of microalgae, rich in carbohydrates and protein, into valuable fuels and mitigating the risks associated with algae blooms. However, there is little known about the effects of pH on the metabolic pathways of chain elongation and alcohol production in anaerobic microalgae fermentation. Moreover, convoluted and interdependent microbial interactions encumber efforts to characterize how organics and electrons flow among microbiome members. In this work, we compared metabolic differences among three different pH levels (5, 7, and 10) in anaerobic microalgae fermentation. In addition, genome-centric metagenomic analysis was conducted to reveal the microbial interaction for medium-chain carboxylic acid and alcohol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingdong Shi
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lan Wu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yuhan Huang
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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4
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Ma S, Xu K, Ren H. Effect of mixing intensity on volatile fatty acids production in sludge alkaline fermentation: Insights from dissolved organic matter characteristics and functional microorganisms. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118801. [PMID: 37591099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline fermentation for volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production has shown potential as a viable approach to treat sewage sludge. The hydrolysis and acidogenesis of sludge are greatly influenced by mixing. However, the effects of mixing intensity on VFAs production in sludge alkaline fermentation (SAF) remain poorly understood. This study investigated the impacts of mixing intensity (30, 90 and 150 rpm continuous mixing, and 150 rpm intermittent mixing) on VFAs production, dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristics, phospholipid fatty acid profiles and microbial population distribution in SAF. Results showed that 150 rpm continuous and intermittent mixing enhanced the hydrolysis of sludge, while 150 rpm intermittent mixing resulted in the highest VFAs production (3886 ± 266.1 mg COD/L). Analysis of fluorescent and molecular characteristics of DOM revealed that 150 rpm intermittent mixing facilitated the conversion of released DOM, especially proteins-like substances, into VFAs. The abundance of unsaturated and branched fatty acids of microbes increased under 150 rpm intermittent mixing, which could aid in DOM degradation and VFAs production. Firmicutes and Tissierella were enriched at 150 rpm intermittent mixing, which favored the maximum VFAs yield. Moreover, Firmicutes were found to be the key functional microorganisms influencing the yield of VFAs during SAF. This study provides an understanding about the mixing intensity effects on VFAs production during SAF, which could be helpful to improve the yield of VFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
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5
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Chai Y, Huang C, Sui M, Yin Y, Sun N, Chen Y, Liao Z, Sun X, Shen W, Tang S. Fe-loaded alginate hydrogel beads activating peroxymonosulfate for enhancing anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge: Performance and potential mechanism. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 341:118079. [PMID: 37150175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The recovery of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) through anaerobic fermentation (AF) is usually restricted by the poor biodegradability of waste activated sludge (WAS). This study proposed a novel strategy, i.e. peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activated by Fe-loaded sodium alginate hydrogel beads (Fe-SA), to enhance AF performance. Experimental results demonstrated that the as-synthesized Fe-SA and PMS co-pretreatment synergistically enhanced WAS solubilization and VFAs production. The maximal VFAs yield of 2013 mg COD/L was achieved at the Fe-SA dosage of 4.0 mM/g TSS, which was 93.7% higher than that with sole PMS addition and 8.82 times higher than that of the control. Mechanistic studies elucidated that the generation of reactive radicals such as SO4•- and •OH from PMS was greatly induced by Fe-SA, which contributed to WAS disintegration and degradation of refractory compounds. Additionally, analysis of the key enzyme activities indicated that the Fe-SA could strengthen biological hydrolysis and acidogenesis of sludge during AF. Microbial analysis illustrated that Fe-SA evidently improved the abundances of fermentative microorganisms as well as functional gene expression via creating a favorable environment for microbial growth. This study demonstrated the applicable potential of Fe-SA hydrogel beads activating PMS for VFAs production and provides an important reference for developing advanced oxidation processes-based application in AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Chai
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu, China; Jiangxi Jindalai Environmental Protection Co., Ltd, Nanchang, 330100, Jiangxi, China; School of Environmental and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
| | - Mengya Sui
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuqi Yin
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Sun
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Jiangxi Jindalai Environmental Protection Co., Ltd, Nanchang, 330100, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhiming Liao
- School of Environmental and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Xiuyun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Wei Shen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Sheng Tang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu, China.
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6
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Li L, Liu C, Xu L, Zhuang H, He J, He Q, Zhang J. Acclimation of anaerobic fermentation microbiome with acetate and ethanol for chain elongation and the biochemical response. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 320:138083. [PMID: 36754309 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) production is a promising method for resource recovery from organic wastes. In this study, the microbial community structure shift along the long-term acclimation experiment and the concomitant effect of H2 level on chain elongation performance was investigated. Chain elongation microbiome could be rapidly acclimated from traditional anaerobic fermentation consortia. Genera Caproiciproducens, Clostridium sensu stricto 12, Rummeliibacillus and Oscillibacter was found to be dominant during the operation. The H2 was accumulated in the headspace by increasing the ethanol input, which inhibited oxidation of caproate and butyrate immediately, while its inhibition effect on chain elongation was delayed. H2 level in the headspace was positively correlated to the MCFAs production related bacteria. However, too much H2 accumulated might be suppressive for MCFAs production in the long term. It might result from the thermodynamic barrier for discarding excess reducing equivalents under high H2 level, which further gave rise to ethanol accumulation in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Linji Xu
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Huichuan Zhuang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Junguo He
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Qiang He
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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7
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Yang S, Luo F, Yan J, Zhang T, Xian Z, Huang W, Zhang H, Cao Y, Huang L. Biogas production of food waste with in-situ sulfide control under high organic loading in two-stage anaerobic digestion process: Strategy and response of microbial community. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 373:128712. [PMID: 36758645 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A two-stage anaerobic digestion process utilizing food waste was investigated in this study, without any additive and co-digestion. Solid content, temperature and pH value were key controlling factors for hydrolysis, which results the optimized food waste hydrolysate with COD/VSfood waste of 2.67. Efficient biogas production was maintained in long-term operation (>150 d) without any additive, and methane production yields up to 699.7 mL·gVS-1·d-1 was achieved under organic loading rate (OLR) of 31.0 gVS·d-1. Methane production can be recovered (70.4 %) after temperature shock within 30 days. This study confirmed the possibility to establish two-stage food waste anaerobic digestion system under high organic load. pH, OLR, and temperature are key factors to maintain stable biogas production, while pH control was performed as a in situ sulfide control technology (75.8 % sulfide reduction). This study provides practical strategies for food waste utilization and decreasing carbon footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siman Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Fan Luo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jia Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality Security and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Tianlang Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ziyan Xian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Weiyao Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Hongguo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality Security and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yongjian Cao
- Shenzhen Leoking Environmental Group Company Limited, 518117 Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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8
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Xie J, Xin X, Ai X, Hong J, Wen Z, Li W, Lv S. Synergic role of ferrate and nitrite for triggering waste activated sludge solubilisation and acidogenic fermentation: Effectiveness evaluation and mechanism elucidation. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119287. [PMID: 36323210 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing anaerobic treatment efficiency of waste activated sludge (WAS) toward preferable resource recovery would be an important requirement for achieving carbon-emission reduction, biosolids minimization, stabilization and security concurrently. This study demonstrated the synergic effect of potassium ferrate (PF) and nitrite on prompting WAS solubilisation and acidogenic fermentation toward harvesting volatile fatty acids (VFAs). The results indicated the PF+NaNO2 co-pretreatment boosted 7.44 times and 1.32 times higher WAS solubilisation [peak soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) of 2680 ± 52 mg/L] than that by the single nitrite- and PF-pretreatment, respectively, while about 2.77 times and 2.11 times higher VFAs production were achieved (maximum VFAs accumulation of 3536.25 ± 115.24 mg COD/L) as compared with the single pretreatment (nitrite and PF)-fermentations. Afterwards the WAS dewaterability was improved simultaneously after acidogenic fermentation. Moreover, a schematic diagram was established for illustrating mechanisms of the co-pretreatment of PF and nitrite for enhancing the VFAs generation via increasing key hydrolytic enzymes, metabolic functional genes expression, shifting microbial biotransformation pathways and elevating abundances of key microbes in acidogenic fermentation. Furthermore, the mechanistic investigations suggested that the PF addition was conducive to form a relatively conductive fermentation environment for enhancing electron transfer (ET) efficiency, which contributed to the VFAs biotransformation positively. This study provided an effective strategy for enhancing the biodegradation/bioconversion efficiency of WAS organic matters with potential profitable economic returns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqian Xie
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, PR. China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, PR. China
| | - Xiaodong Xin
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, PR. China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, PR. China.
| | - Xiaohuan Ai
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, PR. China
| | - Junming Hong
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, PR. China
| | - Zhidan Wen
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, PR. China
| | - Wei Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, PR. China
| | - Sihao Lv
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, PR. China
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Yin Y, Hu Y, Wang J. Co-fermentation of sewage sludge and lignocellulosic biomass for production of medium-chain fatty acids. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127665. [PMID: 35872272 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) production from sewage sludge and lignocellulosic biomass (fallen leaves and grass) was explored. Co-fermentation of sludge and lignocellulosic biomass significantly accelerated the caproate production and promoted the longer-chain MCFAs formation. Co-fermentation of sludge and grass achieved the highest caproate production of 89.50 mmol C/L, which was 18.04 % and 41.73 % higher than the mono-fermentation of grass and sludge, respectively. Co-fermentation of sludge and leaves produced 63.80 mmol C/L caproate, which was 11.09 % and 1.03 % higher than the mono-fermentation of leaves and sludge, respectively. Microbial analysis showed that co-fermentation enriched CE microbes like genus Clostridium_sensu_stricto_13, Caprocipiproducens, Terrisporpbacter and Praraclostridium, and suppressed the competitive microbes like genus norank_f_Caldilineaceae and Desulfomicrobium. Functional enzymes analysis revealed that co-fermentation of sludge and leaves promoted MCFAs production through strengthening reverse β oxidation (RBO) pathway, while co-fermentation of sludge and grass stimulated MCFAs production by strengthening fatty acid biosynthesis (FAB) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Yin
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yuming Hu
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Waste Treatment, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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10
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Kurbanalieva S, Arlyapov V, Kharkova A, Perchikov R, Kamanina O, Melnikov P, Popova N, Machulin A, Tarasov S, Saverina E, Vereshchagin A, Reshetilov A. Electroactive Biofilms of Activated Sludge Microorganisms on a Nanostructured Surface as the Basis for a Highly Sensitive Biochemical Oxygen Demand Biosensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22166049. [PMID: 36015810 PMCID: PMC9414782 DOI: 10.3390/s22166049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of the developing a biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) biosensor based on electroactive biofilms of activated sludge grown on the surface of a graphite-paste electrode modified with carbon nanotubes was studied. A complex of microscopic methods controlled biofilm formation: optical microscopy with phase contrast, scanning electron microscopy, and laser confocal microscopy. The features of charge transfer in the obtained electroactive biofilms were studied using the methods of cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The rate constant of the interaction of microorganisms with the extracellular electron carrier (0.79 ± 0.03 dm3(g s)-1) and the heterogeneous rate constant of electron transfer (0.34 ± 0.02 cm s-1) were determined using the cyclic voltammetry method. These results revealed that the modification of the carbon nanotubes' (CNT) electrode surface makes it possible to create electroactive biofilms. An analysis of the metrological and analytical characteristics of the created biosensors showed that the lower limit of the biosensor based on an electroactive biofilm of activated sludge is 0.41 mgO2/dm3, which makes it possible to analyze almost any water sample. Analysis of 12 surface water samples showed a high correlation (R2 = 0.99) with the results of the standard method for determining biochemical oxygen demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saniyat Kurbanalieva
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds and Biocomposites, Tula State University, Lenin Pr. 92, Tula 300012, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Arlyapov
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds and Biocomposites, Tula State University, Lenin Pr. 92, Tula 300012, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Kharkova
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds and Biocomposites, Tula State University, Lenin Pr. 92, Tula 300012, Russia
| | - Roman Perchikov
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds and Biocomposites, Tula State University, Lenin Pr. 92, Tula 300012, Russia
| | - Olga Kamanina
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds and Biocomposites, Tula State University, Lenin Pr. 92, Tula 300012, Russia
| | - Pavel Melnikov
- M. V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, Prosp. Vernadskogo 86, Moscow 119571, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Popova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp., 31 k. 4., Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Andrey Machulin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms of the Russian Academy of Sciences—A Separate Subdivision of the FRC Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prosp. Science 3, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Sergey Tarasov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms of the Russian Academy of Sciences—A Separate Subdivision of the FRC Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prosp. Science 3, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Evgeniya Saverina
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky Pr. 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anatoly Vereshchagin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky Pr. 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anatoly Reshetilov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms of the Russian Academy of Sciences—A Separate Subdivision of the FRC Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prosp. Science 3, Pushchino 142290, Russia
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Luo T, Xu Q, Wei W, Sun J, Dai X, Ni BJ. Performance and Mechanism of Fe 3O 4 Improving Biotransformation of Waste Activated Sludge into Liquid High-Value Products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:3658-3668. [PMID: 35254057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated that Fe3O4 simultaneously improves the total production and formation rate of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and long-chain alcohols (LCAs) from waste activated sludge (WAS) in anaerobic fermentation. Results revealed that when Fe3O4 increased from 0 to 5 g/L, the maximal MCFA and LCA production increased significantly, and the optimal fermentation time was also remarkably shortened from 24 to 9 days. Moreover, Fe3O4 also enhanced WAS degradation, and the corresponding degradation rate in the fermentation system increased from 43.86 to 72.38% with an increase in Fe3O4 from 0 to 5 g/L. Further analysis showed that Fe3O4 promoted the microbe activities of all the bioprocesses (including hydrolysis, acidogenesis, and chain elongation processes) involved in the MCFA and LCA production from WAS. Microbial community analysis indicated that Fe3O4 increased the abundances of key microbes involved in abovementioned bioprocesses correspondingly. Mechanistic investigations showed that Fe3O4 increased the conductivity of the fermented sludge, providing a better conductive environment for the anaerobic microbes. The redox cycle of Fe(II) and Fe(III) existed in the fermentation system with Fe3O4, which was likely to act as electron shuttles to conduct electron transfer (ET) from the electron donor to the acceptor, thus increasing ET efficiency. This study provides an effective method for enhancing the biotransformation of WAS into high-value products, potentially bringing economic benefits to WAS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Qiuxiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
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