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Zeng J, Li X, Cai R, Chen B, Li C, Hu Q, Sun Y. Proposing anti-counterfeiting pharmacopoeia quality markers for Shenlingbaizhu granule based on UHPLC-Q-orbitrap-MS identification. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:220-238. [PMID: 37735858 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Shenlingbaizhu granule, a Traditional Chinese Medicine prescription comprising Renshen, Gancao, and Shanyao, is widely consumed in China nowadays. OBJECTIVE The study tries to propose pharmacopoeia quality markers (Q-markers) to prevent counterfeiting involving Renshen, Gancao, and Shanyao. METHODOLOGY A novel strategy, that is, library-based ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry, was used to analyse the lyophilised aqueous powder of Shenlingbaizhu granule. Subsequently, quantum chemistry calculation and UV-vis spectra scanning were also performed through theoretical or experimental approaches. RESULT Thirty-two isomers have been strictly distinguished, especially positional isomeric isochlorogenic acid B versus isochlorogenic acid C, positional isomeric schaftoside versus isoschaftoside, positional isomeric ginsenoside Rg2 versus 20S-ginsenoside Rg3, and stereoisomeric 20S-ginsenoside Rg3 versus 20R-ginsenoside Rg3. Seventeen compounds were unexpectedly observed, particularly scoparone and pectolinarigenin, while a total of 76 bioactive compounds have been putatively identified in the study. The quantum chemistry calculation and UV-vis spectra scanning results revealed that glycyrrhizic acid, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb1, and diosgenin displayed different dipole moment values and maximum absorption wavelengths from each other. CONCLUSION The study recommends glycyrrhizic acid, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb1, and diosgenin as four anti-counterfeiting Q-markers for the pharmacopoeia. The anti-counterfeiting Q-markers can be detected using conventional HPLC. The observation of 17 unexpected compounds updates our knowledge regarding the bioactives of Shenlingbaizhu granule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Zeng
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xican Li
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongxin Cai
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ban Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunhou Li
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingzhong Hu
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Sun
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Taheri H, Khayatian G. PMMA/paper hybrid microfluidic chip for simultaneous determination of arginine and valine in human plasma. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:370. [PMID: 36063237 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05464-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The simultaneous determination is reported of arginine (Arg) and valine (Val) amino acids in plasma using flower-shaped μPADs and PMMA/paper hybrid microfluidic chip based on AuNPs capped with R-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (THP). In this article, the evaluation procedure is based on the smartphone colorimetric detection mechanism that results from the aggregation of the THP-AuNPs with the addition of amino acids and visual color change from red to blue. Arg and Val were selectively determined with good reproducibility and an acceptable linearity range. The flower-shaped (μPADs) provides many advantages, including low cost, reasonable sensitivity, simple and fast performance, simultaneous detection, disposable use, and high sample throughput compared with conventional colorimetric method using cuvette cells. The ratios between the absorbance wavelength at (A650/A525) and (A685/A525) are linearly proportional to the concentration of Arg and Val. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration range in aqueous solutions is 0.0068-100.0 and 0.0056-75.0 µM with a limit of detection of 2.25 and 1.86 nM for Arg and Val at pH 7.0, respectively. In the case of μPADs, the calibration curves for Arg and Val showed good linearity in the concentration range 0.01-75.0 µM. The detection limits for the analytes were 3.51 nM and 3.44 nM for Arg and Val, respectively. In addition, a PMMA/paper hybrid microfluidic chip was successfully employed to determine Arg and Val in plasma samples with a relative error below 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Taheri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, 66177-15175, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Khayatian
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, 66177-15175, Iran.
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Tran VT, Catenza KF, Donkor KK, Schmidt KJ, Crabtree HJ, Warrender NA. Analytical characterization of choline chloride in oilfield process waters and commercial samples by capillary electrophoresis. CAN J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2021-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a rapid and sensitive method using capillary electrophoresis with indirect UV detection and minimal sample pretreatment was developed and evaluated to analyze choline chloride in oilfield process water samples. To improve peak resolution and separation of choline chloride from other cations present in the samples, the addition of a cationic visualization agent in the background electrolyte, imidazole, and a complexing agent, 18-crown-6, were introduced. Other factors affecting separation and sensitivity were also investigated. Under optimized conditions, choline chloride was baseline separated (<7 min) from common cationic adulterants in commercial choline chloride products with a peak resolution of >1.5 between adjacent peaks. The limits of detection (signal-to-noise ratio = 3) and quantitation (signal-to-noise ratio = 10) were 14.7 and 48.9 mg L−1, respectively. The peak area and migration time’s intraday and interday precision (percent RSD) were all <15%, and the recoveries ranged from 79.4% to 115.2% at different spiking levels. Finally, statistical (Student’s t-test) comparison of the choline chloride content data of oilfield process water samples from the proposed capillary electrophoresis (CE) method compare favourably with traditional methods such as liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and Reinecke salt gravimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vi T. Tran
- Department of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada
| | - Karizza F. Catenza
- Department of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada
| | - Kingsley K. Donkor
- Department of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada
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Twenty years of amino acid determination using capillary electrophoresis: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1174:338233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity of a Dioscorea Rhizome water extract. Toxicol Res 2021; 37:385-393. [PMID: 34295802 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-020-00077-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioscorea Rhizome is commonly used in traditional herbal medicines for the treatment of diabetes, hyperthyroidism, liver damage, neuropathy, and asthma. Here, we investigated the genotoxicity potential of D. Rhizome water extract (DRWE) using three standard battery systems in accordance with the test guidelines of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development and Ministry of Food and Drug Safety as well as the principles of Good Laboratory Practice. A bacterial reverse mutation test (Ames test) was performed using the direct plate incorporation method in the presence or absence of a metabolic activation system (S9 mixture). The tester strains used included four histidine auxotrophic strains of Salmonella typhimurium, TA100, TA1535, TA98, and TA1537, along with a tryptophan auxotrophic strain of Escherichia coli, WP2 uvrA. An in vitro chromosome aberration test was performed using CHL/IU cells originally derived from the lung of a female Chinese hamster in the presence or absence of the S9 mixture. An in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus test was performed using male ICR mice. The micronucleus was confirmed after observation of the micro-nucleated polychromatic. The Ames test showed that DRWE did not induce gene mutations at any dose level in any of the tested strains. Additionally, DRWE did not result in any chromosomal aberrations specified in the in vitro chromosomal aberration and in vivo micronucleus tests. These results showed that DRWE exhibited neither mutagenic nor clastogenic potential in either the in vitro or in vivo test systems.
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Experimental and theoretical investigations for selective colorimetric recognition and determination of arginine and histidine in vegetable and fruit samples using bare-AgNPs. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Tvorynska S, Barek J, Josypčuk B. Amperometric Biosensor Based on Enzymatic Reactor for Choline Determination in Flow Systems. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofiia Tvorynska
- Charles UniversityFaculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry Hlavova 2030/8 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic Tel.: +420 266 053 895
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS Dolejskova 3 18223 Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Barek
- Charles UniversityFaculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry Hlavova 2030/8 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic Tel.: +420 266 053 895
| | - Bohdan Josypčuk
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS Dolejskova 3 18223 Prague 8 Czech Republic
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Conductometric biosensor for arginine determination in pharmaceutics. Bioelectrochemistry 2018; 124:40-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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L-arginine biosensors: A comprehensive review. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 12:228-239. [PMID: 29159315 PMCID: PMC5683103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine has been considered as the most potent nutraceutics discovered ever, due to its powerful healing property, and it's been known to scientists as the Miracle Molecule. Arginine detection in fermented food products is necessary because, high level of arginine in foods forms ethyl carbamate (EC) during the fermentation process. Therefore, L-arginine detection in fermented food products is very important as a control measure for quality of fermented foods, food supplements and beverages including wine. In clinical analysis arginine detection is important due to their enormous inherent versatility in various metabolic pathways, topmost in the synthesis of Nitric oxide (NO) and tumor growth. A number of methods are being used for arginine detection, but biosensors technique holds prime position due to rapid response, high sensitivity and high specificity. However, there are many problems still to be addressed, including selectivity, real time analysis and interference of urea presence in the sample. In the present review we aim to emphasize the significant role of arginine in human physiology and foods. A small attempt has been made to discuss the various techniques used for development of arginine biosensor and how these techniques affect their performance. The choice of transducers for arginine biosensor ranges from optical, pH sensing, ammonia gas sensing, ammonium ion-selective, conductometric and amperometric electrodes because ammonia is formed as a final product. First ever review on arginine biosensors. Description of significance role of arginine in food and human physiology. Comparison of different immobilizations, transducers and biological components used for the development of arginine biosensors. Critically reviewed all the biosensors developed for arginine detection, discussed the possible challenges and recommendations.
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Saqib M, Lou B, Halawa MI, Kitte SA, Liu Z, Xu G. Chemiluminescence of Lucigenin–Allantoin and Its Application for the Detection of Allantoin. Anal Chem 2017; 89:1863-1869. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saqib
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Baohua Lou
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim Halawa
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Shimeles Addisu Kitte
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Zhongyuan Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
| | - Guobao Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
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Antidiabetic Effects of Yam (Dioscorea batatas) and Its Active Constituent, Allantoin, in a Rat Model of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes. Nutrients 2015; 7:8532-44. [PMID: 26501316 PMCID: PMC4632431 DOI: 10.3390/nu7105411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacies of crude yam (Dioscorea batatas) powder (PY), water extract of yam (EY), and allantoin (the active constituent of yam) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats with respect to glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), C-peptide, glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc), lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress. For this purpose, 50 rats were divided into five groups: normal control (NC), diabetic control (STZ), and STZ plus treatment groups (STZ + PY, STZ + EY, and STZ + allantoin). After treatment for one-month, there was a decrease in blood glucose: 385 ± 7 in STZ, 231 ± 3 in STZ + PY, 214 ± 11 in STZ + EY, and 243 ± 6 mg/dL in STZ + allantoin, respectively. There were significant statistical differences (p < 0.001) compared to STZ (100%): 60% in STZ + PY, 55% in STZ + EY, and 63% in STZ + allantoin. With groups in the same order, there were significant decreases (p < 0.001) in HbAlc (100% as 24.4 ± 0.6 ng/mL, 78%, 75%, and 77%), total cholesterol (100% as 122 ± 3 mg/dL, 70%, 67%, and 69%), and low-density lipoprotein (100% as 29 ± 1 mg/dL, 45%, 48%, and 38%). There were also significant increases (p < 0.001) in insulin (100% as 0.22 ± 0.00 ng/mL, 173%, 209%, and 177%), GLP-1 (100% as 18.4 ± 0.7 pmol/mL, 160%, 166%, and 162%), and C-peptide (100% as 2.56 ± 0.10 ng/mL, 129%, 132%, and 130%). The treatment effectively ameliorated antioxidant stress as shown by a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in malondialdehyde (100% as 7.25 ± 0.11 nmol/mL, 87%, 86%, and 85%) together with increases (p < 0.01) in superoxide dismutase (100% as 167 ± 6 IU/mL, 147%, 159%, and 145%) and reduced glutathione (100% as 167 ± 6 nmol/mL, 123%, 141%, and 140%). The results indicate that yam and allantoin have antidiabetic effects by modulating antioxidant activities, lipid profiles and by promoting the release of GLP-1, thereby improving the function of β-cells maintaining normal insulin and glucose levels.
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Zhang Z, Xiang L, Bai D, Fu X, Wang W, Li Y, Liu H, Pan J, Li Y, Xiao GG, Ju D. Treatment with Rhizoma Dioscoreae extract has protective effect on osteopenia in ovariectomized rats. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:645975. [PMID: 24526913 PMCID: PMC3913014 DOI: 10.1155/2014/645975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate the osteoprotective effect of aqueous extract from Rhizoma Dioscoreae (RDE) on rats with ovariectomy- (OVX-) induced osteopenia. Our results show that RDE could inhibit bone loss of OVX rats after a 12-week treatment. The microarray analysis showed that 68 genes were upregulated and that 100 genes were downregulated in femurs of the RDE group rats compared to those in the OVX group. The Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) showed that several downregulated genes had the potential to code for proteins that were involved in the Wnt/ β -catenin signaling pathway (Sost, Lrp6, Tcf7l2, and Alpl) and the RANKL/RANK signaling pathway (Map2k6 and Nfatc4). These results revealed that the mechanism for an antiosteopenic effect of RDE might lie in the synchronous inhibitory effects on both the bone formation and the bone resorption, which is associated with modulating the Wnt/ β -catenin signaling and the RANKL/RANK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Zhang
- Institute of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lihua Xiang
- Institute of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Dong Bai
- Institute of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiaowei Fu
- Clinical Medical College of Chinese and Western Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, China
| | - Wenlai Wang
- Institute of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jinghua Pan
- Institute of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ya'nan Li
- Institute of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Gary Guishan Xiao
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Laboratory, Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University Medical Center, 601 North 30th Street, Suite 6730, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Dahong Ju
- Institute of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Institute of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, China
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Fattorini P, Marrubini G, Grignani P, Sorçaburu-Cigliero S, Previderé C. Assessment of DNA damage by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 984:341-51. [PMID: 23386356 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-296-4_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
A simple and inexpensive MEKC method, which is able to assess base damage within DNA samples, is illustrated. After heat-acid hydrolysis of the DNA samples, both the percentage of each canonical DNA base and the relative amount of uncanonical DNA bases can be measured. This method is useful for an evaluation of the integrity of PCR templates used in several fields of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Fattorini
- Department of Medicine, surgery and Health, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
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Braga RR, Sales J, Marins RDCEE, Ortiz GMD, Garcia S. Development and validation of a method for allantoin determination in liposomes and pharmaceutical formulations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 91:389-394. [PMID: 22391226 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop and validate an ultraviolet derivative spectrophotometric (UVDS) method for the quantitative determination of allantoin (ALL) in liposomes, gels and creams. Liposomes were prepared by methods of thin film hydration and mechanical agitation. Solutions of ALL in 0.1 mol/L NaOH with ethanol:water (70:30, v/v) were prepared in order to destroy liposome vesicles. Spectral interference from components of liposomes, cream, gel and ALL degradation products was eliminated using the second-order derivative of the zero-order spectrum. Characterization of ALL in 0.1 mol/L NaOH was carried out by direct infusion mass spectrometry. Absorbances of ALL solutions were measured at 266.6 nm of the second-derivative spectrum and linearity was observed in the ALL concentration range of 50-300 μgmL(-1) (correlation coefficient (r)=0.9961). The mean recovery percentage was 100.68 ± 1.61, repeatability expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.07 and 2.12%, and intermediate precision (RSD) was 2.16%. The proposed UVDS method was found to be linear, precise, accurate, robust and selective, providing rapid and specific determination of ALL in raw materials and in topical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Rennó Braga
- Departamento de Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Indirect electrocatalytic determination of choline by monitoring hydrogen peroxide at the choline oxidase-prussian blue modified iron phosphate nanostructures. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 31:244-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Huang ZL, Liang ZY, Li GJ, Hong H. Response surface methodology to extraction of dioscoreae polysaccharides and the effects on rat's bone quality. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Becker LC, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Klaassen CD, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Alan Andersen F. Final report of the safety assessment of allantoin and its related complexes. Int J Toxicol 2010; 29:84S-97S. [PMID: 20448269 DOI: 10.1177/1091581810362805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Allantoin is a heterocyclic organic compound. Allantoin ascorbate, allantoin biotin, allantoin galacturonic acid, allantoin glycyrrhetinic acid, allantoin panthenol, and allantoin polygalacturonic acid are complexes of allantoin. All of the ingredients in this review act as skin-conditioning agents. Allantoin was reported to be used in 1376 cosmetic products at concentrations up to 2%. There are data gaps regarding use and concentration of the remaining allantoin complexes. Ascorbic acid, biotin, glycyrrhetinic acid, and panthenol have been determined by the CIR Expert Panel to be safe. Galacturonic acid and polygalacturonic acid have not been reviewed by the CIR Expert Panel, and substantial data on these chemicals were not available. The safety test data in this safety assessment and in previous safety assessments were considered sufficient to support the safety of allantoin and the allantoin complexes in product categories and at concentrations reviewed in this safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian C Becker
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 1101 17th Street, NW, Suite 412, Washington, DC 20036, USA.
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Fattorini P, Marrubini G, Ricci U, Gerin F, Grignani P, Sorçaburu Cigliero S, Xamin A, Edalucci E, La Marca G, Previderé C. Estimating the integrity of aged DNA samples by CE. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:3986-95. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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A combined HPLC-PDA and HPLC-MS method for quantitative and qualitative analysis of 10 major constituents in the traditional Chinese medicine Zuo Gui Wan. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 49:931-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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WANG H, LIANG XH, ZHAO RX, FENG LD, LI H. Spectrophotometric Determination of Arginine in Grape Juice Using 8-Hydroquinoline. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1671-2927(08)60166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tůma P, Opekar F, Samcová E, Štulík K. A Comparison of the Properties of Contactless Conductivity and Diode-Array Photometric Detectors in Analyses of Low-Molecular, Biologically Active Substances by Capillary Electrophoresis in Acetic Acid Solutions. ELECTROANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200704134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Caussé E, Pradelles A, Dirat B, Negre-Salvayre A, Salvayre R, Couderc F. Simultaneous determination of allantoin, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid in serum/plasma by CE. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:381-7. [PMID: 17177243 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Allantoin (All) is an oxidative end product of purines in mammals. The small amount of All present in human plasma or serum results from free radical action on urate and may provide a stable marker of in vivo free radical activity. Because free radicals have been implicated in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, this study focused on the metabolic compounds of the All pathway. We propose a new fast CE (CE/UV) method for the simultaneous determination of All, uric acid (UA), hypoxanthine (HX), and xanthine (X) in human plasma. These products were quantified in the plasma of patients with chronic renal failure before hemodialysis (n = 6), patients with chronic heart failure (n = 6) and controls (n = 6). The filtered plasma were diluted ten-fold before the direct injection in CE/UV (195 nm), which allows separating the four compounds in less than 13 min. The metabolites were detectable at concentrations of 0.3-0.6 micromol/L. The method was linear over the range 0.5-150 micromol/L for All, HX, and X and 10-1500 micromol/L for UA (r > 0.99). The analytical performance of this method is satisfactory with intra-assay CV < 3.4%, inter-assay CV < 5% (HX and X < 7%), and recovery (93-101%). The proposed CE-UV method appears to be a useful tool for studying physiological and pathological changes of HX, UA, and All levels in plasma samples, the latter being a possible indicator of free radical damage in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Caussé
- Laboratoire de Biochimie and INSERM U466, Centre Hospitalier Rangueil, Toulouse, France.
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23
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Wang H, Wang X, You, J, Suo Y, Zhao X, Li, Y, Ding C. Comparative Analysis of Allantoin, Quercetin, and 1‐Methyl‐1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydro‐β‐Carboline‐3‐Carboxylic Acid in Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. Seed by HPLC‐APCI‐MS and CE. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070601084829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Honglun Wang
- a Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- a Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining, P. R. China
| | - Jinmao You,
- a Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining, P. R. China
| | - Yourui Suo
- a Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining, P. R. China
| | - Xianen Zhao
- a Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining, P. R. China
- b Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Li,
- a Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining, P. R. China
- b Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chenxu Ding
- a Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining, P. R. China
- b Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, P. R. China
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24
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Skelley AM, Cleaves HJ, Jayarajah CN, Bada JL, Mathies RA. Application of the Mars Organic Analyzer to nucleobase and amine biomarker detection. ASTROBIOLOGY 2006; 6:824-37. [PMID: 17155883 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2006.6.824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Mars Organic Analyzer (MOA), a portable microfabricated capillary electrophoresis instrument being developed for planetary exploration, is used to analyze a wide variety of fluorescamine-labeled amine-containing biomarker compounds, including amino acids, mono and diaminoalkanes, amino sugars, nucleobases, and nucleobase degradation products. The nucleobases cytosine and adenine, which contain an exocyclic primary amine, were effectively labeled, separated, and detected at concentrations <500 nM. To test the general applicability of the MOA for biomarker detection, amino acids and mono- and diamines were extracted from bacterial cells using both hydrolysis and sublimation followed by analysis. The extrapolated limit of detection provided by the valine biomarker was approximately 4 x 10(3) cells per sample. Products of an NH(4)CN polymerization that simulate a prebiotic synthesis were also successfully isolated via sublimation and analyzed. Adenine and alanine/serine were detected with no additional sample cleanup at 120 +/- 13 microM and 4.1 +/- 1 microM, respectively, corresponding to a reaction yield of 0.04% and 0.0003%, respectively. This study demonstrates that the MOA provides sensitive detection and analysis of low levels of a wide variety of amine-containing organic compounds from both biological and abiotic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Skelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, 94720, USA
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25
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Wahby I, Arráez-Román D, Segura-Carretero A, Ligero F, Caba JM, Fernández-Gutiérrez A. Analysis of choline and atropine in hairy root cultures ofCannabis sativa L. by capillary electrophoresis-electrospray mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:2208-15. [PMID: 16637019 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We describe a capillary zone electrophoresis method coupled to electrospray ionization (ion trap) mass spectrometry (CZE-ESI-MS) for the identification and determination of choline and atropine compounds in hairy root extracts from Cannabis sativa L. Fused-silica capillary and an alkaline solution of 20 mM ammonium acetate at pH 8.5 are used being the most suitable for the analysis of choline and atropine in less than 10 min. Under the optimized conditions, including CE and ESI-MS parameters, the method resolved both compounds with very high sensitivity. The system exhibited good linear response in the range of 25-500 mg/L and 500-1000 microg/L for choline and atropine, respectively. The detection limit of choline was 18 mg/L and 320 microg/L for atropine. Finally, the developed method was applied to the analysis of these compounds in transgenic root cultures of Cannabis sativa L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Wahby
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Spain
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26
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Yu K, Wang YW, Cheng YY. Determination of Protocatechuic Aldehyde, Danshensu, Salvianolic Acid B and Gallic Acid in Chinese Medicine 'SHUANGDAN' Granule by MEKC. Chromatographia 2006. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-006-0758-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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27
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Yu K, Lin Z, Cheng Y. Optimization of the buffer system of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography for the separation of the active components in Chinese medicine ‘SHUANGDAN’ granule by genetic algorithm. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Poinsot V, Lacroix M, Maury D, Chataigne G, Feurer B, Couderc F. Recent advances in amino acid analysis by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:176-94. [PMID: 16421950 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a number of articles that have been published on amino acid analysis using CE during the period from June 2003 to May 2005. This review article follows the previous ones of Smith (Electrophoresis 1999, 20, 3078-3083), Prata et al. (Electrophoresis 2001, 22, 4129-4138), and Poinsot et al. (Electrophoresis 2003, 24, 4047-4062). Several new developments in amino acid analysis with CE are reported concerning UV detection, LIF, MS, and NMR. In addition, we describe articles concerning clinical and pharmaceutical studies, neuroclinical applications, and agricultural and food analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véréna Poinsot
- Université Paul Sabatier, IMRCP, UMR 5623, Toulouse, France
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29
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Zhang L, Tong P, Chen G. Determination of the hydrolysis rate constants and activation energy of aesculin with capillary electrophoresis end-column amperometric detection. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1098:194-8. [PMID: 16288763 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2005] [Revised: 09/28/2005] [Accepted: 10/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Aesculetin is the product of the hydrolysis reaction of aesculin. A high sensitivity and good repeatability method based on capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection (CE-AD) was developed for simultaneous determination of aesculin and aesculetin in the hydrolysate of aesculin. Under the optimum condition: 10mmol/L KH(2)PO(4)-5mmol/L Na(2)B(4)O(7) (pH 6.0) buffer, separation at 18kV and +900mV (versus Ag/AgCl) as the detection potential, the hydrolysis rate constants of aesculin hydrolysis at 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 degrees C in 0.1mol/L KOH were obtained as 1.45x10(-2)min(-1), 2.01x10(-2)min(-1), 2.93x10(-2)min(-1), 3.76x10(-2)min(-1) and 5.05x10(-2)min(-1), respectively. It was calculated that the activation energy for aesculin hydrolysis was 49.4kJ/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- The Sport Science Research Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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30
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Chen X, Tao Y, Zhao L, Xie Z, Chen G. Preliminary electrochemiluminescence study of allantoin in the presence of tris(2,2′-bipyridine) ruthenium (II). LUMINESCENCE 2005; 20:109-16. [PMID: 15924323 DOI: 10.1002/bio.828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) based on allantoin and tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium (II) [Ru(bpy)3 (2+)] was studied in aqueous alkaline buffer solution (pH 11.0). In a flowing system, the eluted allantoin was mixed with 1.0 mmol/L Ru(bpy)3 (2+). When the solution passed through a thin layer flow electrolytic cell equipped with a glassy carbon disc electrode (22.1 mm2), both hydroxyl groups of allantoin and Ru(bpy)3 (2+) were oxidized at the potential of +1.50 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The luminescence with lambdamax 610 nm caused by the reaction of electrolytically formed Ru(bpy)3 (2+) with alkoxide radical to generate the excited state of Ru(bpy)3 (2+*). A possible ECL process of allantoin in Ru(bpy)3 (2+) alkaline solution has been discussed. In addition, the factors affecting the ECL response of allantoin are also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Analytical Sciences of MOE and Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China.
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