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Wang X, Kim M, Han R, Liu J, Sun X, Sun S, Jin C, Cho D. Increasing the Amounts of Bioactive Components in American Ginseng ( Panax quinquefolium L.) Leaves Using Far-Infrared Irradiation. Foods 2024; 13:607. [PMID: 38397584 PMCID: PMC10888433 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Both the roots and leaves of American ginseng contain ginsenosides and polyphenols. The impact of thermal processing on enhancing the biological activities of the root by altering its component composition has been widely reported. However, the effects of far-infrared irradiation (FIR), an efficient heat treatment method, on the bioactive components of the leaves remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the effects of FIR heat treatment between 160 and 200 °C on the deglycosylation and dehydration rates of the bioactive components in American ginseng leaves. As the temperature was increased, the amounts of common ginsenosides decreased while those of rare ginsenosides increased. After FIR heat treatment of American ginseng leaves at an optimal 190 °C, the highest total polyphenolic content and kaempferol content were detected, the antioxidant activity was significantly enhanced, and the amounts of the rare ginsenosides F4, Rg6, Rh4, Rk3, Rk1, Rg3, and Rg5 were 41, 5, 37, 64, 222, 17, and 266 times higher than those in untreated leaves, respectively. Moreover, the radical scavenging rates for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and the reducing power of the treated leaf extracts were 2.17, 1.86, and 1.77 times higher, respectively. Hence, FIR heat treatment at 190 °C is an efficient method for producing beneficial bioactive components from American ginseng leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- School of Food Engineering, Yantai Engineering Research Center of Green Food Processing and Quality Control, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; (X.W.); (R.H.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Myungjin Kim
- College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ruoqi Han
- School of Food Engineering, Yantai Engineering Research Center of Green Food Processing and Quality Control, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; (X.W.); (R.H.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Jiarui Liu
- School of Food Engineering, Yantai Engineering Research Center of Green Food Processing and Quality Control, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; (X.W.); (R.H.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Xuemei Sun
- School of Food Engineering, Yantai Engineering Research Center of Green Food Processing and Quality Control, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; (X.W.); (R.H.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Shuyang Sun
- School of Food Engineering, Yantai Engineering Research Center of Green Food Processing and Quality Control, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; (X.W.); (R.H.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Chengwu Jin
- School of Food Engineering, Yantai Engineering Research Center of Green Food Processing and Quality Control, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; (X.W.); (R.H.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Dongha Cho
- College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea;
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Yin Q, Han X, Chen J, Han Z, Shen L, Sun W, Chen S. Identification of Specific Glycosyltransferases Involved in Flavonol Glucoside Biosynthesis in Ginseng Using Integrative Metabolite Profiles, DIA Proteomics, and Phylogenetic Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:1714-1726. [PMID: 33512142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ginseng contains a variety of flavonol glycosides that possess diverse biological activities; however, scant information of flavonoid glycosylation was reported in ginseng. We found that panasenoside and kaempferol 3-O-glucoside were commonly accumulated along with cultivation years in leaves. In order to explore the procedure of flavonol glycosylation in ginseng, 50 UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) were screened out using differentiated data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics and phylogenetic analysis. UGT92A10 and UGT94Q4 were found contributing to the formation of kaempferol 3-O-glucoside. UGT73A18, UGT74T4, and UGT75W1 could catalyze galactosylation of kaempferol 3-O-glucoside. Ser278, Trp335, Gln338, and Val339 were found forming hydrogen bonds with UDP-galactose in UGT75W1 by docking. MeJA induced transcripts of UGT73A18 and UGT74T4 by over fourfold, consistent with the decrease of kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, which indicated that these genes may be related to resisting adversity stress in ginseng. These results highlight the significance of integrative metabolite profiles, proteomics, and phylogenetic analysis for exploring flavonol glycosylation in ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiaoyan Han
- Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jingwang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zongxian Han
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Liang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Beijing Museum of Natural History, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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Tian J, Wang X, Shi Q, Xiang X, Su C, Xie Y, Jin S, Huang R, Song C. Isolation and Purification of Kudinosides from Kuding Tea by Semi-Preparative HPLC Combined with MCI-GEL Resin. CURR ANAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411015666191031153352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Kuding tea, a Traditional Chinese drink, has a history of thousands of years
in China. Triterpenoid saponins in Kuding tea are regarded as one of the major functional ingredients.
Objective:
The aim of this paper was to establish separation progress for the isolation and purification
of five triterpenoid saponins (kudinoside A, C, D, F, G) from Kuding tea.
Methods:
Nine types of resins, including seven macroporous resins and two MCI-GEL resins, were
firstly used for purifying triterpenoid saponins by the adsorption and desorption tests. Further dynamic
adsorption/desorption experiments were carried out to obtain the optimal parameters for the five
targeted saponins. Then the purification of five triterpenoid saponins (kudinoside A, C, D, F, G) was
completed by semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (semi-pHPLC).
Results:
As of optimized results, the HP20SS MCI-GEL was selected as the optimal one. The data
also showed that 65.24 mg of refined extract including 7.04 mg kudinoside A, 3.52 mg kudinoside C,
4.04 mg kudinoside D, 4.13 mg kudinoside F, and 34.45 mg kudinoside G, could be isolated and purified
from 645.90 mg of crude extract in which the content of five saponins was 81.51% and the average
recovery reached 69.76%. The final contents of five saponins increased 6.91-fold as compared
to the crude extract.
Conclusion:
The established separation progress was highly efficient, making it a potential approach
for the large-scale production in the laboratory and providing several markers of triterpenoid saponins
for quality control of Kuding tea or its processing products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuanyuan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qingxin Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xingliang Xiang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Su
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yun Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuna Jin
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection; and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rongzeng Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chengwu Song
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Luo W, Gao L, Wang YL, Zhao B, Lv C, Lu J. New and known phenylpropanoid glycosides from mountain cultivated ginseng. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:3992-3998. [PMID: 32349548 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1753051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Two new phenylpropanoid glycosides elucidated as 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl-4-propylene-1-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and 2-methoxyphenyl-4-propylene-1-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), along with three known phenylpropanoid glycosides (3-5) were isolated from Mountain Cultivated Ginseng. The structures of compounds 1-5 were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic data including 1D, 2D NMR spectra, and MS. In addition, in vitro cytotoxicity of all the isolated compounds was evaluated against HELA cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lu Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying-Ling Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chongning Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jincai Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Qian Z, Huang Q, Li C, Chen J, Li G, Ma H, Xie J. Analysis of ginseng root and leaf by multiple columns and detections liquid chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2020.1730890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengming Qian
- School of Rehabilitation, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., LTD, Dongguan, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., LTD, Dongguan, China
| | - Chunhong Li
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., LTD, Dongguan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Rehabilitation, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Agricultural Environments and Resources Research Center, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyan Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juying Xie
- School of Rehabilitation, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
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Retention behavior of ginsenosides in a sulfo-based high performance liquid chromatography column. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1610:460542. [PMID: 31558273 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We herein report the use of a sulfo-based column and hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) to separate 14 ginsenosides, namely Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Rf, Re, Rg1, Rg2, Rg3, Rh1, Rh2, F2, and C-K. In addition to its rapid and efficient ability to separate these ginsenosides, the sulfo-based column exhibited a good relationship between the ginsenoside capacity factor (k') and molecular weight (Mw) and a strict elution order corresponding to the polarity (P) of the ginsenosides, as confirmed by thin layer chromatography.
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Jegal J, Jeong EJ, Yang MH. A Review of the Different Methods Applied in Ginsenoside Extraction From Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius Roots. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19868393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng saponins, also called ginsenosides, are the main active ingredients of Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius and are often used as qualitative and quantitative markers in the regulation of ginseng products. Various methods have been used to extract the major ginsenosides, such as ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, and Rf from P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius. The objective of this paper is to review the studies regarding the influence of different extraction systems on ginsenoside amount and pattern in P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius roots. Although traditional extraction methods, Soxhlet and heat reflux extractions, have many disadvantages, including long extraction times and low extraction efficiency, they are the most widely used methods for ginseng saponin extraction. The amount and pattern of ginsenosides found in P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius roots differ depending on the method of extraction. In particular, the total ginsenoside amount and extraction efficiency can be significantly increased with the use of advanced extraction techniques that apply the conditions of high temperature and/or high pressure, such as pressurized liquid extraction, high-pressure microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and pulsed electric field extraction. Among several advanced extraction procedures, ultrahigh-pressure extraction is thought to offer the most advanced and efficient technology in that it requires only a few minutes for ginseng saponin extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghwan Jegal
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Jeong
- Department of Agronomy & Medicinal Plant Resources, College of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Min Hye Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
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8
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Chen R, Lu M, Tu X, Sun W, Ye W, Ma J, Wen C, Wang X, Geng P. Pharmacokinetics of panasenoside in rats and tissue distribution in mice by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2019. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2018.00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Mengrou Lu
- Cellular Biomedicine Group (Shanghai), Inc., 333 Guiping Road, Xuhui, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiaoting Tu
- Analytical and Testing Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wei Sun
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Weijian Ye
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jianshe Ma
- Analytical and Testing Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Congcong Wen
- Analytical and Testing Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xianqin Wang
- Analytical and Testing Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Peiwu Geng
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui 323000, China
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9
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Huang BM, Zha QL, Chen TB, Xiao SY, Xie Y, Luo P, Wang YP, Liu L, Zhou H. Discovery of markers for discriminating the age of cultivated ginseng by using UHPLC-QTOF/MS coupled with OPLS-DA. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 45:8-17. [PMID: 29551643 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginseng (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is gaining more publicity in modern society due to its health benefit and huge value in market. In the practice of grading and pricing of ginseng, the age is one of the major factor influencing the price and grade of ginseng. Therefore, the age discrimination is an important task for the quality control of ginseng. However, the traditional morphological methods are too subjective to be reproductive in discrimination. PURPOSE To establish a method that can discriminate the ginseng samples with different cultivation years. STUDY DESIGN To analyze the correlation between chemical compositions and cultivation years of cultivated ginseng samples of different age and thus discover potential quality marker (Q-marker) for discriminating the age of cultivated ginseng. METHODS In the present study, the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with the quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS) were utilized for the age discrimination and marker discovery. A statistical data processing procedure was established to screen markers and reduce the false positive rate. RESULTS The results showed that the ginseng samples from 2- to 6-year-old could be well separated in the orthogonal projections on the latent structure - discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) using the markers screened by the established statistical procedure, which could reduce approximately 20% of the insignificant markers and false positive discoveries. Ultimately, more than 50 compounds contributing to the age discrimination were identified including one new compound (malonylginsenoside). One negative marker (1038.4825@8.98) was discovered for the 2-year-old ginseng, and an equation was established to effectively predict the age of 3- to 6-year-old of ginseng. CONCLUSION The constructed method can discriminate the ginseng samples with different cultivation years and is a complement to the traditional discrimination method of ginseng age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Ming Huang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine (Macau University of Science and Technology), Taipa, Macau, PR China
| | - Qing-Lin Zha
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Ting-Bo Chen
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine (Macau University of Science and Technology), Taipa, Macau, PR China
| | - Sheng-Yuan Xiao
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, PR China; Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Ying Xie
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine (Macau University of Science and Technology), Taipa, Macau, PR China
| | - Pei Luo
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine (Macau University of Science and Technology), Taipa, Macau, PR China
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, PR China; Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Liang Liu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine (Macau University of Science and Technology), Taipa, Macau, PR China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine (Macau University of Science and Technology), Taipa, Macau, PR China; International Institute of Translation Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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Ligor M, Ratiu IA, Kiełbasa A, Al-Suod H, Buszewski B. Extraction approaches used for the determination of biologically active compounds (cyclitols, polyphenols and saponins) isolated from plant material. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1860-1874. [PMID: 29603754 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Based on the bioactive properties of certain compounds, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, an interesting subject of research are natural substances present in various parts of plants. The choice of the most appropriate method for separation and quantification of biologically active compounds from plants and natural products is a crucial step of any analytical procedure. The aim of this review article is to present an overview of a comprehensive literature study from the last 10 years (2007-2017), where relevant articles exposed the latest trends and the most appropriate methods applicable for separation and quantification of biologically active compounds from plant material and natural products. Consequently, various extraction methods have been discussed, together with the available procedures for purification and pre-concentration and dedicated methods used for analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ligor
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Ileana-Andreea Ratiu
- Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Anna Kiełbasa
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Hossam Al-Suod
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
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Application of fractionized sampling and stacking for construction of an interface for online heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1466:199-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Stavrianidi AN, Rodin IA, Braun AV, Stekolshchikova EA, Shpigun OA. HPLC-MS/MS determination of biomarkers of P. quinquefolius in plant materials and commercial products. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934814140111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Stavrianidi A, Rodin I, Braun A, Stekolshchikova E, Shpigun O. Single-run HPLC/ESI-LITMS profiling of ginsenosides in plant extracts and ginseng based products. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:853-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Stavrianidi
- Chemistry Department; Lomonosov Moscow State University; 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Igor Rodin
- Chemistry Department; Lomonosov Moscow State University; 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Arkady Braun
- Chemistry Department; Lomonosov Moscow State University; 119991 Moscow Russia
| | | | - Oleg Shpigun
- Chemistry Department; Lomonosov Moscow State University; 119991 Moscow Russia
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Chen J, Li BQ, Zhai HL, Lü WJ, Zhang XY. A practical application of wavelet moment method on the quantitative analysis of Shuanghuanglian oral liquid based on three-dimensional fingerprint spectra. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1352:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Pomari E, Stefanon B, Colitti M. Effect of plant extracts on H2O2-induced inflammatory gene expression in macrophages. J Inflamm Res 2014; 7:103-12. [PMID: 25075197 PMCID: PMC4106015 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s61471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arctium lappa (AL), Camellia sinensis (CS), Echinacea angustifolia, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Panax ginseng (PG), and Vaccinium myrtillus (VM) are plants traditionally used in many herbal formulations for the treatment of various conditions. Although they are well known and already studied for their anti-inflammatory properties, their effects on H2O2-stimulated macrophages are a novel area of study. Materials and methods Cell viability was tested after treatment with increasing doses of H2O2 and/or plant extracts at different times of incubation to identify the optimal experimental conditions. The messenger (m)RNA expression of TNFα, COX2, IL1β, NFκB1, NFκB2, NOS2, NFE2L2, and PPARγ was analyzed in macrophages under H2O2 stimulation. The same genes were also quantified after plant extract treatment on cells pre-stimulated with H2O2. Results A noncytotoxic dose (200 μM) of H2O2 induced active mRNA expression of COX2, IL1β, NFE2L2, NFκB1, NFκB2, NOS2, and TNFα, while PPARγ was depressed. The expression of all genes tested was significantly (P<0.001) regulated by plant extracts after pre-stimulation with H2O2. COX2 was downregulated by AL, PG, and VM. All extracts depressed IL1β expression, but upregulated NFE2L2. NFκB1, NFκB2, and TNFα were downregulated by AL, CS, PG, and VM. NOS2 was inhibited by CS, PG, and VM. PPARγ was decreased only after treatment with E. angustifolia and E. senticosus. Conclusion The results of the present study indicate that the stimulation of H2O2 on RAW267.4 cells induced the transcription of proinflammatory mediators, showing that this could be an applicable system by which to activate macrophages. Plant extracts from AL, CS, PG, and VM possess in vitro anti-inflammatory activity on H2O2-stimulated macrophages by modulating key inflammation mediators. Further in vitro and in vivo investigation into molecular mechanisms modulated by herbal extracts should be undertaken to shed light on the development of novel modulating therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pomari
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Bruno Stefanon
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Monica Colitti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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Li Z, Zhang R, Wang X, Hu X, Chen Y, Liu Q. Simultaneous determination of seven ginsenosides in rat plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry: application to pharmacokinetics of Shenfu injection. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:167-75. [PMID: 24935437 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengguang Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital; Shandong University; Qingdao Shandong 250012 China
- Qingdao Hiser Medical Center; Qingdao Shandong 250012 China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Qingdao Hiser Medical Center; Qingdao Shandong 250012 China
| | - Xiuping Wang
- Qingdao Hiser Medical Center; Qingdao Shandong 250012 China
| | - Xiaofei Hu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University; Qingdao Shandong 250012 China
| | - Yuguo Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital; Shandong University; Qingdao Shandong 250012 China
| | - Qingfei Liu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
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17
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18
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Zhao J, Deng J, Chen Y, Li S. Advanced phytochemical analysis of herbal tea in China. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1313:2-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Zhang Y, Guo L, Liu C, Qi Y, Li D, Li S. Combination of pressurized liquid extraction with countercurrent chromatography for systematical isolation of ginsenosides from Panax ginseng. Sep Purif Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Baek SH, Bae ON, Park JH. Recent methodology in ginseng analysis. J Ginseng Res 2013; 36:119-34. [PMID: 23717112 PMCID: PMC3659581 DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2012.36.2.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As much as the popularity of ginseng in herbal prescriptions or remedies, ginseng has become the focus of research in many scientific fields. Analytical methodologies for ginseng, referred to as ginseng analysis hereafter, have been developed for bioactive component discovery, phytochemical profiling, quality control, and pharmacokinetic studies. This review summarizes the most recent advances in ginseng analysis in the past half-decade including emerging techniques and analytical trends. Ginseng analysis includes all of the leading analytical tools and serves as a representative model for the analytical research of herbal medicines.
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Simultaneous determination of iridoid glycosides, phenethylalcohol glycosides and furfural derivatives in Rehmanniae Radix by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2012; 135:2277-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Lai YH, So PK, Lo SCL, Ng EWY, Poon TCW, Yao ZP. Rapid differentiation of Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 753:73-81. [PMID: 23107139 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS)-based method has been developed for rapid differentiation between Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius, two herbal medicines with similar chemical and physical properties but different therapeutic effects. This method required only a small quantity of samples, and the herbal medicines were analyzed by MALDI-MS either after a brief extraction step, or directly on the powder form or small pieces of raw samples. The acquired MALDI-MS spectra showed different patterns of ginsenosides and small chemical molecules between P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius, thus allowing unambiguous differentiation between the two Panax species based on the specific ions, intensity ratios of characteristic ions or principal component analysis. The approach could also be used to differentiate red ginseng or P. quinquefolius adulterated with P. ginseng from pure P. ginseng and pure Panax quinquefolium. The intensity ratios of characteristic ions in the MALDI-MS spectra showed high reproducibility and enabled quantitative determination of ginsenosides in the herbal samples and percentage of P. quinquefolius in the adulterated binary mixture. The method is simple, rapid, robust, and can be extended for analysis of other herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Han Lai
- Food Safety and Technology Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Negi JS, Singh P, Pant GJN, Rawat MSM. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of plant saponins: An update 2005-2010. Pharmacogn Rev 2012; 5:155-8. [PMID: 22303089 PMCID: PMC3263049 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.91109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2010] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Saponins are widely distributed in plant kingdom. In view of their wide range of biological activities and occurrence as complex mixtures, saponins have been purified and separated by high-performance liquid chromatography using reverse-phase columns at lower wavelength. Mostly, saponins are not detected by ultraviolet detector due to lack of chromophores. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, diode array detector , evaporative light scattering detection, and charged aerosols have been used for overcoming the detection problem of saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagmohan S Negi
- Department of Chemistry, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal)
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Xue X, Zhao J, Chen L, Zhou J, Yue B, Li Y, Wu L, Liu F. Analysis of coenzyme Q10 in bee pollen using online cleanup by accelerated solvent extraction and high performance liquid chromatography. Food Chem 2012; 133:573-8. [PMID: 25683435 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 10/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A method for the determination of coenzyme Q10 in bee pollen has been developed applying an online cleanup of accelerated solvent extraction and using environmentally acceptable organic solvents. The extracted samples were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. The optimised method employed 10 mL extraction cells, 1g sample size, absolute ethanol as extraction solvent, 80°C of extraction temperature, one extraction cycle, 5 min of static time, Cleanert Alumina-N as sorbent and 60% flush volume. The method was validated by means of an evaluation of the matrix effects, linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), trueness, precision and stability. The assay was linear over the concentration range of 0.25-200mg/L and the LOD and LOQ were 0.16 and 0.35 mg/kg, respectively. The recoveries were above 90%. The inter- and intra-day precision was below 6.3%. The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of bee pollen samples. For 20 bee pollen products, the coenzyme Q10 content varied from not detectable to 192.8 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Xue
- Department of Applied chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of Apiculture Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Apicultural Branch Center, Research and Development Center of National Agro-food Processing Technology, Beijing 102202, China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- Institute of Apiculture Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Apicultural Branch Center, Research and Development Center of National Agro-food Processing Technology, Beijing 102202, China
| | - Lanzhen Chen
- Institute of Apiculture Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Apicultural Branch Center, Research and Development Center of National Agro-food Processing Technology, Beijing 102202, China
| | - Jinhui Zhou
- Institute of Apiculture Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Apicultural Branch Center, Research and Development Center of National Agro-food Processing Technology, Beijing 102202, China
| | - Bing Yue
- Institute of Apiculture Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Apicultural Branch Center, Research and Development Center of National Agro-food Processing Technology, Beijing 102202, China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Apiculture Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Apicultural Branch Center, Research and Development Center of National Agro-food Processing Technology, Beijing 102202, China
| | - Liming Wu
- Institute of Apiculture Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Apicultural Branch Center, Research and Development Center of National Agro-food Processing Technology, Beijing 102202, China
| | - Fengmao Liu
- Department of Applied chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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26
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Optimisation and validation of a fast HPLC method for the quantification of sulindac and its related impurities. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 54:694-700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Ginseng occupies a prominent position in the list of best-selling natural products in the world. Because of its complex constituents, multidisciplinary techniques are needed to validate the analytical methods that support ginseng's use worldwide. In the past decade, rapid development of technology has advanced many aspects of ginseng research. The aim of this review is to illustrate the recent advances in the isolation and analysis of ginseng, and to highlight new applications and challenges. Emphasis is placed on recent trends and emerging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Wen Qi
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, The Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, The Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, The Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
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Liu M, Wang H, Zhao S, Shi X, Zhang Y, Xu H, Wang Y, Li X, Zhang L. Studies on target tissue distribution of ginsenosides and epimedium flavonoids in rats after intravenous administration of Jiweiling freeze-dried powder. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 25:1260-72. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Institute of Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Shijiazhuang; 050035; China
| | - Shaohua Zhao
- Institute of Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Shijiazhuang; 050035; China
| | - Xiaowei Shi
- Department of Development of New Drugs; School of Pharmacy; Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang; 050017; China
| | - Yongfeng Zhang
- Institute of Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Shijiazhuang; 050035; China
| | - Honghui Xu
- Institute of Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Shijiazhuang; 050035; China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Institute of Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Shijiazhuang; 050035; China
| | - Xiangjun Li
- Institute of Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Shijiazhuang; 050035; China
| | - Lantong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy; Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang; 050017; China
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Liu M, Zhao S, Jia J, Shi X, Song J, Wang H, Du Y, Zhang L. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF 15 ACTIVE CONSTITUENTS IN JIWEILING FREEZE-DRIED POWDER BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.534687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minyan Liu
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy , Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
- b Institute of Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shaohua Zhao
- b Institute of Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiming Jia
- b Institute of Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaowei Shi
- c Department of Development of New Drugs, School of Pharmacy , Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jian Song
- b Institute of Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- b Institute of Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yingfeng Du
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy , Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lantong Zhang
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy , Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
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Zhu KY, Fu Q, Xie HQ, Xu SL, Cheung AWH, Zheng KYZ, Luk WKW, Choi RCY, Lau DTW, Dong TTX, Jiang ZY, Chen JJ, Tsim KWK. Quality assessment of a formulated Chinese herbal decoction, Kaixinsan, by using rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry: A chemical evaluation of different historical formulae. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:3666-74. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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31
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Beneficial effects of a Q-ter based nutritional mixture on functional performance, mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress in rats. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10572. [PMID: 20485503 PMCID: PMC2868025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are central mechanisms underlying the aging process and the pathogenesis of many age-related diseases. Selected antioxidants and specific combinations of nutritional compounds could target many biochemical pathways that affect both oxidative stress and mitochondrial function and, thereby, preserve or enhance physical performance. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we evaluated the potential anti-aging benefits of a Q-ter based nutritional mixture (commercially known as Eufortyn) mainly containing the following compounds: terclatrated coenzyme Q(10) (Q-ter), creatine and a standardized ginseng extract. We found that Eufortyn supplementation significantly ameliorated the age-associated decreases in grip strength and gastrocnemius subsarcolemmal mitochondria Ca(2+) retention capacity when initiated in male Fischer344 x Brown Norway rats at 21 months, but not 29 months, of age. Moreover, the increases in muscle RNA oxidation and subsarcolemmal mitochondrial protein carbonyl levels, as well as the decline of total urine antioxidant power, which develop late in life, were mitigated by Eufortyn supplementation in rats at 29 months of age. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These data imply that Eufortyn is efficacious in reducing oxidative damage, improving the age-related mitochondrial functional decline, and preserving physical performance when initiated in animals at early midlife (21 months). The efficacy varied, however, according to the age at which the supplementation was provided, as initiation in late middle age (29 months) was incapable of restoring grip strength and mitochondrial function. Therefore, the Eufortyn supplementation may be particularly beneficial when initiated prior to major biological and functional declines that appear to occur with advancing age.
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Morinaga O, Uto T, Yuan CS, Tanaka H, Shoyama Y. Evaluation of a new eastern blotting technique for the analysis of ginsenoside Re in American ginseng berry pulp extracts. Fitoterapia 2009; 81:284-8. [PMID: 19850112 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2009] [Revised: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A new eastern blotting technique has been established for ginsenoside Re (G-Re) contained in American ginseng berry pulp extracts. G-Re in American ginseng berry pulp was extracted using 100% methanol, 100% ethanol, 50% aqueous methanol, and 50% aqueous ethanol. The combined crude extracts were applied onto a polyethersulfone membrane and developed using the methanol-water-acetic acid solvent system (45:55:1 v/v). Separated components were immunostained using anti-G-Re monoclonal antibody. G-Re was first specifically detected and then quantitatively analyzed using NIH Imaging software. We also confirmed that the most suitable solvent was 50% aqueous methanol for extracting G-Re from American ginseng berry pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Morinaga
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
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