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Jankech T, Gerhardtova I, Majerova P, Piestansky J, Jampilek J, Kovac A. Derivatization of carboxylic groups prior to their LC analysis - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1300:342435. [PMID: 38521569 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Carboxylic acids (CAs) represent a large group of important molecules participating in various biologically significant processes. Analytical study of these compounds is typically performed by liquid chromatography (LC) combined with various types of detection. However, their analysis is often accompanied by a wide variety of problems depending on used separation system or detection method. The dominant ones are: i) poor chromatographic behavior of the CAs in reversed-phase LC; ii) absence of a chromophore (or fluorophore); iii) weak ionization in mass spectrometry (MS). To overcome these problems, targeted chemical modification, and derivatization, come into play. Therefore, derivatization still plays an important and, in many cases, irreplaceable role in sample preparation, and new derivatization methods of CAs are constantly being developed. The most commonly used type of reaction for CAs derivatization is amidation. In recent years, an increased interest in the isotopic labeling derivatization method has been observed. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the possibilities and actual trends in the derivatization of CAs that have been published over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timotej Jankech
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ivana Gerhardtova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Petra Majerova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Juraj Piestansky
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Galenic Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Josef Jampilek
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrej Kovac
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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2
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Badgujar D, Paritala ST, Matre S, Sharma N. Enantiomeric purity of synthetic therapeutic peptides: A review. Chirality 2024; 36. [PMID: 38448043 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic therapeutic peptides are a complex and popular class of pharmaceuticals. In recent years, peptides with proven therapeutic activity have gained significant interest in the market. The determination of synthetic peptide enantiomeric purity plays a critical role in the evaluation of the quality of the medicine. Since racemization is one of the most common side reactions occurring in AAs or peptides, enantiomeric impurities such as D-isomers can form during the peptide synthesis or can be introduced from the starting materials (e.g., AAs). The therapeutic effect of a synthetic or semi-synthetic bioactive peptide molecule depends on its AA enantiomeric purity and secondary/tertiary structure. Therefore, the enantiomeric purity determination for synthetic peptides is supportive for interpreting unwanted therapeutic effects and determining the quality of synthetic peptide therapeutics. However, enantiomeric purity analysis encounters formidable analytical challenges during chromatographic separation, as D/L isomers have identical physical-chemical properties except stereochemical configuration. To ensure peptides AA stereochemical configuration whether in the free or bound state, sensitive and reproducible quantitative analytical method is mandatory. In this regard, numerous analytical techniques were emerged for the quantification of D-isomeric impurities in synthetic peptides, but still, very few reports are available in the literature. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the importance, regulatory requirements, and various analytical methods used for peptide enantiomeric purity determination. In addition, we discussed the available literature in terms of enantiomeric impurity detection, common hydrolysis procedural aspects, and different analytical strategies used for sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Badgujar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Government of India, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Sree Teja Paritala
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Government of India, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Shubham Matre
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Government of India, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Nitish Sharma
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Government of India, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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3
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Shi Y, Mandal D, Zhang Z, Zhao Y. A Facile and High-Sensitivity Method for Determining Proteinogenic Amino Acid Enantiomers by Integrating Chiral Phosphinate Derivatizing, 31P NMR and Parallel Reaction Monitoring. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7433-7438. [PMID: 37145419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Here, we have documented a new protocol to determine d/l-amino acids by derivatizing amino acids via a chiral phosphinate. (RP)-l-Menthyl phenylphosphinate was able to bond both primary and secondary amines, as well as improve the sensitivity of analytes in MS. Eighteen pairs of amino acids were successfully labeled except for Cys which has a thiol group on the side chain, and the chirality of amino acids can be discriminated by 31P NMR. Seventeen pairs of amino acids were separated by a C18 column within 45 min of elution, and resolution values ranged from 2.01 to 10.76. The lowest limit of detection was 10 pM acquired at parallel reaction monitoring, in which two factors collectively contributed that the ability of protonation of phosphine oxide and the sensitivity of parallel reaction monitoring. Chiral phosphine oxides might be a promising tool in future chiral metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoapoing Shi
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000 Zhejiang, China
| | - Dipendu Mandal
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000 Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenbin Zhang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000 Zhejiang, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000 Zhejiang, China
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000 Zhejiang, China
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4
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Orlandini S, Hancu G, Szabó ZI, Modroiu A, Papp LA, Gotti R, Furlanetto S. New Trends in the Quality Control of Enantiomeric Drugs: Quality by Design-Compliant Development of Chiral Capillary Electrophoresis Methods. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207058. [PMID: 36296650 PMCID: PMC9607418 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a potent method for analyzing chiral substances and is commonly used in the enantioseparation and chiral purity control of pharmaceuticals from different matrices. The adoption of Quality by Design (QbD) concepts in analytical method development, optimization and validation is a widespread trend observed in various analytical approaches including chiral CE. The application of Analytical QbD (AQbD) leads to the development of analytical methods based on sound science combined with risk management, and to a well understood process clarifying the influence of method parameters on the analytical output. The Design of Experiments (DoE) method employing chemometric tools is an essential part of QbD-based method development, allowing for the simultaneous evaluation of experimental parameters as well as their interaction. In 2022 the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) released two draft guidelines (ICH Q14 and ICH Q2(R2)) that are intended to encourage more robust analytical procedures. The ICH Q14 guideline intends to harmonize the scientific approaches for analytical procedures’ development, while the Q2(R2) document covers the validation principles for the use of analytical procedures including the recent applications that require multivariate statistical analyses. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the new prospects for chiral CE method development applied for the enantiomeric purity control of pharmaceuticals using AQbD principles. The review also provides an overview of recent research (2012–2022) on the applicability of CE methods in chiral drug impurity profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Orlandini
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriel Hancu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Zoltán-István Szabó
- Department of Pharmaceutical Industry and Management, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Adriana Modroiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Lajos-Attila Papp
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Roberto Gotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sandra Furlanetto
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
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Hu R, Yuan Y, Gu M, Zou YQ. Recent advances in chiral aggregation-induced emission fluorogens. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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6
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Calderón C, Lämmerhofer M. Enantioselective metabolomics by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 207:114430. [PMID: 34757254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics strives to capture the entirety of the metabolites in a biological system by comprehensive analysis, often by liquid chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry. A particular challenge thereby is the differentiation of structural isomers. Common achiral targeted and untargeted assays do not distinguish between enantiomers. This may lead to information loss. An increasing number of publications demonstrate that the enantiomeric ratio of certain metabolites can be meaningful biomarkers of certain diseases emphasizing the importance of introducing enantioselective analytical procedures in metabolomics. In this work, the state-of-the-art in the field of LC-MS based metabolomics is summarized with focus on developments in the recent decade. Methodologies, tagging strategies, workflows and general concepts are outlined. Selected biological applications in which enantioselective metabolomics has documented its usefulness are briefly discussed. In general, targeted enantioselective metabolomics assays are often based on a direct approach using chiral stationary phases (CSP) with polysaccharide derivatives, macrocyclic antibiotics, chiral crown ethers, chiral ion exchangers, donor-acceptor phases as chiral selectors. Rarely, these targeted assays focus on more than 20 analytes and usually are restricted to a certain metabolite class. In a variety of cases, pre-column derivatization of metabolites has been performed, especially for amino acids, to improve separation and detection sensitivity. Triple quadrupole instruments are the detection methods of first choice in targeted assays. Here, issues like matrix effect, absence of blank matrix impair accuracy of results. In selected applications, multiple heart cutting 2D-LC (RP followed by chiral separation) has been pursued to overcome this problem and alleviate bias due to interferences. Non-targeted assays, on the other hand, are based on indirect approach involving tagging with a chiral derivatizing agent (CDA). Besides classical CDAs numerous innovative reagents and workflows have been proposed and are discussed. Thereby, a critical issue for the accuracy is often neglected, viz. the validation of the enantiomeric impurity in the CDA. The majority of applications focus on amino acids, hydroxy acids, oxidized fatty acids and oxylipins. Some potential clinical applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Calderón
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Zhang M, Zhang S, Yu W, Li X, Ma N, Cui Y. Simultaneous Determination of D-amino Acids in Rat Urine by Highperformance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry Method: Application to Investigate the Clinical Value of D-amino Acids in the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412916999200717235048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
D-amino acids are closely related to the development and progression of
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are expected as the novel biomarkers for AD diagnosis.
Objective:The aim was to investigate the potential clinical value of D-amino acids for Alzheimer's
disease.
Methods:A simple and sensitive HPLC/MS-MS method was developed for the simultaneous determination
of D-alanine, D-glutamine, D-proline and D-serine in rat urine. The samples were firstly pretreated
by methanol, then derivatized by 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzoxadiazole with Fudosteine as internal
standard, enantioseparated on Sumichiral OA-2500S column, using a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile-
methanol (50:50, v/v) containing 0.5% formic acid, and detected with 4000 Qtrap MS/MS in
electrospray-ionization source by negative ion mode.
Results:The established method was successfully applied to determine the D-amino acid levels in rat
urine from 20 Alzheimer's disease rats and 20 age-matched normal controls. The mean levels of Damino
acids in the urine of Alzheimer's disease rats were all significantly lower than those in normal
controls. Based on the contents of D-amino acids, the distinction model between Alzheimer's disease
rats and normal controls was established by the Bayesian discriminant analysis.
Conclusion:
The relationship between Alzheimer's disease and D-amino acids revealed that D-amino
acids would be potential biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016,China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016,China
| | - Weichao Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016,China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- PAREXEL International Unit, 286 Qingnian Street, Shenyang 110004,China
| | - Ning Ma
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 60 North Yellow River Street, Shenyang, 110034,China
| | - Yan Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016,China
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Prabakaran K, Jandas P, Luo J, Fu C, Wei Q. Molecularly imprinted poly(methacrylic acid) based QCM biosensor for selective determination of L-tryptophan. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Loganathan D, Yi R, Patel B, Zhang J, Kong N. A sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method for the detection, resolution and quantitation of cathinone enantiomers in horse blood plasma and urine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2147-2161. [PMID: 33517480 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03182-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Resolution of cathinone enantiomers in equine anti-doping analysis is becoming more important to distinguish the inadvertent ingestion of plant-based products from those of deliberate administration of designer synthetic analogs. With this in mind, a rapid and sensitive method was developed and validated for the detection, resolution and quantitative determination of cathinone enantiomers in horse blood plasma and urine. The analytes were recovered from the blood plasma and urine matrices by using a liquid-liquid extraction after adjusting the pH to 9. The recovered analytes were derivatized with Nα-(2,4-dinitro-5-fluorophenyl)-L-valinamide, a chiral derivatizing agent analogous to Marfey's reagent. The resulting diastereoisomers were baseline resolved under a reversed-phase liquid chromatographic condition. Derivatization of the analytes not only allowed the separation of the enantiomers using cost-effective traditional liquid chromatography conditions and reversed-phase columns but also increased the sensitivity, at least to an order of magnitude, when tandem mass spectrometry is used for the detection. A limit of detection of 0.05 ng/mL was achieved for cathinone enantiomers for both matrices. Acceptable intraday and interday precision and accuracy along with satisfactory dilution accuracy and precision were observed during the method validation. The method suitability was tested using the post administration urine samples collected after single doses of cathinone and ephedrine as single-enantiomeric form and methcathinone as racemic form. Finally, a proof of concept of the isomeric ratio in urine samples to distinguish the presence of cathinone as a result of accidental ingestion of plant-based product from that of an illicit use of a designer product is demonstrated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such work where cathinone enantiomers were resolved and quantified in horse blood plasma and urine at sub nanogram levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devan Loganathan
- Forensic Equine Drug Testing, Bureau Veritas Laboratories, 8577 Commerce Court, Burnaby, BC, V5A 4N5, Canada.
| | - Rong Yi
- Forensic Equine Drug Testing, Bureau Veritas Laboratories, 8577 Commerce Court, Burnaby, BC, V5A 4N5, Canada
| | - Bhavesh Patel
- Forensic Equine Drug Testing, Bureau Veritas Laboratories, 8577 Commerce Court, Burnaby, BC, V5A 4N5, Canada
| | - Julia Zhang
- Forensic Equine Drug Testing, Bureau Veritas Laboratories, 8577 Commerce Court, Burnaby, BC, V5A 4N5, Canada
| | - Noel Kong
- Forensic Equine Drug Testing, Bureau Veritas Laboratories, 8577 Commerce Court, Burnaby, BC, V5A 4N5, Canada
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Simultaneous Measurement of Amino Acid Enantiomers in Aged Mouse Brain Samples by LC/MS/MS Combined with Derivatization Using N
α-(5-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenyl)-l-leucinamide (l-FDLA). Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11010057. [PMID: 33467775 PMCID: PMC7829926 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
d-amino acids have distinct roles from their l-enantiomer. In particular, some d-amino acids function as agonists or antagonists of neuronal receptors and are involved in higher brain functions. Thus, it is important to precisely measure the levels of these amino acid enantiomers in cells and tissues. Various quantification methods have been developed for measurements of chiral amino acids. However, each method has advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, measuring the amino acid enantiomers in crude biological samples requires a higher selectivity. In this study, we developed a quantification method for amino acid enantiomers using derivatization with Nα-(5-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenyl)-l-leucinamide (l-FDLA) followed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) with a conventional reversed-phase column. We simultaneously identified 10 chiral amino acids. Furthermore, we applied this method to investigate murine tissue samples and examined the effect of aging on the amino acid levels in aged brain regions. We found that aging decreased the levels of both d-serine and d-aspartate in the hippocampus. In addition, d-Phenylalanine in the thalamus significantly increased with age. In conclusion, our method is suitable for the quantification of the d-amino acids in crude biological samples and may contribute to elucidating the biological roles of chiral amino acids.
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11
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Iwasaki Y. Separation Technique of Enantiomers. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:1295. [PMID: 33177313 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.highlights2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Iwasaki
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics and Analytical Science, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
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12
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Sethi S, Martens J, Bhushan R. Assessment and application of Marfey’s reagent and analogs in enantioseparation: a decade’s perspective. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e4990. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonika Sethi
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences GD Goenka University Gurgaon India
| | - Jürgen Martens
- Institut für Chemie Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg Oldenburg Germany
| | - Ravi Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee India
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Cao Z, Gao H, Qiu M, Jin W, Deng S, Wong KY, Lei D. Chirality Transfer from Sub-Nanometer Biochemical Molecules to Sub-Micrometer Plasmonic Metastructures: Physiochemical Mechanisms, Biosensing, and Bioimaging Opportunities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907151. [PMID: 33252162 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Determining the structural chirality of biomolecules is of vital importance in bioscience and biomedicine. Conventional methods for characterizing molecular chirality, e.g., circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, require high-concentration specimens due to the weak electronic CD signals of biomolecules such as amino acids. Artificially designed chiral plasmonic metastructures exhibit strong intrinsic chirality. However, the significant size mismatch between metastructures and biomolecules makes the former unsuitable for chirality-recognition-based molecular discrimination. Fortunately, constructing metallic architectures through molecular self-assembly allows chirality transfer from sub-nanometer biomolecules to sub-micrometer, intrinsically achiral plasmonic metastructures by means of either near-field interaction or chirality inheritance, resulting in hybrid systems with CD signals orders of magnitude larger than that of pristine biomolecules. This exotic property provides a new means to determine molecular chirality at extremely low concentrations (ideally at the single-molecule level). Herein, three strategies of chirality transfer from sub-nanometer biomolecules to sub-micrometer metallic metastructures are analyzed. The physiochemical mechanisms responsible for chirality transfer are elaborated and new fascinating opportunities for employing plasmonic metastructures in chirality-based biosensing and bioimaging are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Meng Qiu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Shaozhi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Kwok-Yin Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Dangyuan Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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14
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Xiong B, Zhang W, Zhang L, Huang X, Zhou W, Zou Q, Manyande A, Wang J, Tian Y, Tian X. Hippocampal glutamatergic synapses impairment mediated novel-object recognition dysfunction in rats with neuropathic pain. Pain 2020; 161:1824-1836. [PMID: 32701842 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is one of the most common complications associated with chronic pain. Almost 20% of chronic pain patients suffer from cognitive impairment, which may substantially influence their quality of life. Levels of major excitatory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system and alterations in the glutamatergic system may influence cognitive function and the pain sensory pathway. In this study, we adopted the spared nerve injury model to establish the progress of chronic pain and investigated the mechanism underlying the cognitive aspect related to it. At behavioral level, using the novel-object recognition test, mechanical hypersensitivity was observed in peripheral nerve-injured rats because they exhibited recognition deficits. We showed a dramatic decrease in hippocampal glutamate concentration using nuclear magnetic resonance and reduced glutamatergic synaptic transmission using whole-cell recordings. These were associated with deficient hippocampal long-term potentiation induced by high-frequency stimulation of the Schaffer collateral afferent. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography revealed lower levels of D-serine in the hippocampus of the spared nerve injury rats and that D-serine treatment could restore synaptic plasticity and cognitive dysfunction. The reduction of excitatory synapses was also increased by administering D-serine. These findings suggest that chronic pain has a critical effect on synaptic plasticity linked to cognitive function and may built up a new target for the development of cognitive impairment under chronic pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingrui Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Longqing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenchang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Zou
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Anne Manyande
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University of West London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuke Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuebi Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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15
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Simultaneous Analysis of d,l-Amino Acids in Human Urine Using a Chirality-Switchable Biaryl Axial Tag and Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12060913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although d,l-amino acids are symmetrical molecules, l-isomers are generally dominant in living organisms. However, it has been found that some d-amino acids also have biological functions. A new method for simultaneously analyzing d,l-amino acids in biological samples is required to allow unknown functions of d-amino acids to be investigated. d-Amino acids in urine are currently receiving increasing amounts of attention, particularly for screening for chronic kidney diseases. However, simultaneously analyzing d,l-amino acids in human urine is challenging because of interfering unknown compounds in urine. In this study, the axially chiral derivatizing agent (R)-4-nitrophenyl-N-[2-(diethylamino)-6,6-dimethyl-[1,1-biphenyl]-2-yl] carbamate hydrochloride was used to allow enantiomers of amino acids in human urine to be simultaneously determined by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The optimized method gave good linearities, precision results, and recoveries for 18 proteinogenic amino acids and their enantiomers and glycine. The chiral-switching method using (S)-4-nitrophenyl-N-[2-(diethylamino)-6, 6-dimethyl-[1,1-biphenyl]-2-yl]carbamate hydrochloride confirmed the expected concentrations of 32 of the 37 analytes. The method was successfully used to determine the concentrations of d-serine, d-alanine, d-asparagine, d-allothreonine, d-lysine, and the d-isomers of 10 other amino acids in five human volunteer urine samples.
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16
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Acquaviva A, Siano G, Quintas P, Filgueira MR, Castells CB. Chiral x achiral multidimensional liquid chromatography. Application to the enantioseparation of dintitrophenyl amino acids in honey samples and their fingerprint classification. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1614:460729. [PMID: 31785894 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Most HPLC enantiomer separations are performed with columns packed with a chiral stationary phase (CSP) operated with an achiral mobile phase. The intrinsically limited chemical selectivity of most CSPs to the simultaneous resolution of several pairs of enantiomers means that complex mixtures of diverse pairs of enantiomers cannot be resolved in a single run due to peak overlapping. Moreover, some drawbacks remain when the analyte is present in very complex samples containing other achiral compounds which can co-elute with the enantiomer peaks. Multidimensional chromatography becomes an option to increase peak capacity and resolve these samples. The aim of this work was to study an online fully comprehensive 2D-LC mode utilizing a combination of a chiral column in the first dimension and an achiral column in the second dimension. The 2D-LC system was built with an active flow splitter pump in order to easily adjust the volume of sample transferred into the second dimension and to independently optimize the flow rate in the first dimension. The present LCxLC method was optimized for the separation of amino acids present in honey samples, taking into account key parameters that influence the bidimensional peak capacity (orthogonality, sampling frequency, etc.). The amino acids have been preconcentrated on a cation-exchange column followed by derivatization. Several amino acids present in different honey samples have been identified and the data generated has been analyzed by principal component analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Acquaviva
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Métodos Analíticos (LIDMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
| | - G Siano
- Instituto de Investigación en Señales, Sistemas e Inteligencia Computacional, sinc(i) FICH/UNL-CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - P Quintas
- Laboratorio de Química Analítica para Investigación y Desarrollo (QUIANID) - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN) de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Argentina
| | - M R Filgueira
- Nutrition and Biosciences - DuPont, 200 Powder Mill Road Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - C B Castells
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Métodos Analíticos (LIDMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina.
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17
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Zhou X, Xu C, Jin Y, Li B. Visual chiral recognition of D/L-leucine using cube-shaped gold nanoparticles as colorimetric probes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 223:117263. [PMID: 31247465 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chiral recognition of enantiomers is fundamentally important. In this work, an effective and simple chiral sensing strategy for discrimination of leucine (Leu) enantiomers was constructed. In this chiral sensing, cube-shaped gold nanoparticles (AuNCs) as colorimetric probes are used to recognize Leu enantiomers. L-Leu can induce rapidly the aggregation of AuNCs, leading to change of AuNCs solution from red to colorless, while D-Leu cannot induce the color change. This distinct color changes allow naked-eye to distinguish chiral isomers of Leu. The chiral sensing was applied to measure the enantiometric excess of L-Leu in the whole range (from -100% to 100%). This chiral analysis can be performed by naked eye or simple ultraviolet-visible spectrometer. In addition, the mechanism of chiral recognition has been studied with circular dichroism (CD) spectra, UV-vis absorption spectra and zeta potential. In this method, the chiral recognition is due to the intrinsic chirality of AuNCs, and the AuNCs don't need any chiral labeling or modification. This chiral sensing method is simple, cheap, rapid and easy to operate. Furthermore, this work provides one experimental evidence for intrinsic chirality of nanoparticles, and helps people understand the chirality of nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Chunli Xu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Baoxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
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18
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Zheng JY, Jiang X, Zhou JL, Shi ZQ, Liu LF, Xin GZ. A readily 16O-/18O-isotopically-paired chiral derivatization approach for the quantification of 2-HG metabolic panel by liquid chromatography-Tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1077:174-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Biaryl axially chiral derivatizing agent for simultaneous separation and sensitive detection of proteinogenic amino acid enantiomers using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1593:91-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Toyo'oka T. DL-Amino Acid Analysis Based on Labeling with Light and Heavy Isotopic Reagents Followed by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2030:293-306. [PMID: 31347126 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9639-1_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
L-Pyroglutamic acid succinimidyl ester (L-PGA-OSu) and its isotopic variant (L-PGA[d5]-OSu) were synthesized and used as the chiral labeling reagents for the enantioseparation of amino acids by reversed-phase UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The enantiomers of amino acids were labeled with the reagents at 60 °C for 10 min in an alkaline medium. The resulting diastereomers were well separated by the reversed-phase chromatography using an ODS column, packed with small particles (1.7 μm) (Rs = 1.95-8.05). A highly sensitive detection at a low-fmol level (0.5-3.2 fmol) was obtained from the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) chromatograms. An isotope labeling strategy using light and heavy variants for the differential analysis of the DL-amino acids in different sample groups is also presented in this paper. The ratios of D/L-alanine in different yogurt products were successfully determined by the proposed method. The D/L ratios were almost comparable to those obtained from only using light reagent (i.e., L-PGA-OSu). Therefore, the proposed strategy seems to be useful for the differential analysis of DL-amino acids, not only in food products but also in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimasa Toyo'oka
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
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21
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Nakano Y, Taniguchi M, Umakoshi Y, Watai D, Fukusaki E. High-Throughput LC-MS/MS Method for Chiral Amino Acid Analysis Without Derivatization. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2030:253-261. [PMID: 31347123 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9639-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
D-Amino acids have recently attracted much attention in various research fields including medical, clinical, and food industry due to their important biological functions that differ from L-amino acid. Most chiral amino acid separation techniques require complicated derivatization procedures in order to achieve the desirable chromatographic behavior and detectability. This chapter describes a highly sensitive analytical method for the enantioseparation of chiral amino acids without any derivatization process using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method allows the simultaneous analysis of 18 D-amino acids with high sensitivity and reproducibility. Additionally, this chapter also focuses on the application of the method to real samples for the quantification of targeted amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Nakano
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Moyu Taniguchi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Umakoshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Watai
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Fukusaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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22
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Shahrajabian M, Ghasemi F, Hormozi-Nezhad MR. Nanoparticle-based Chemiluminescence for Chiral Discrimination of Thiol-Containing Amino Acids. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14011. [PMID: 30228291 PMCID: PMC6143635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32416-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to recognize the molecular chirality of enantiomers is extremely important owing to their critical role in drug development and biochemistry. Convenient discrimination of enantiomers has remained a challenge due to lack of unsophisticated methods. In this work, we have reported a simple strategy for chiral recognition of thiol-containing amino acids including penicillamine (PA), and cysteine (Cys). We have successfully designed a nanoparticle-based chemiluminescence (CL) system based on the reaction between cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs) and the enantiomers. The different interactions of CdTe QDs with PA enantiomers or Cys enantiomers led to different CL intensities, resulting in the chiral recognition of these enantiomers. The developed method showed the ability for determination of enantiomeric excess of PA and Cys. It has also obtained an enantioselective concentration range from 1.15 to 9.2 mM for PA. To demonstrate the potential application of this method, the designed platform was applied for the quantification of PA in urine and tablet samples. For the first time, we presented a novel practical application of nanoparticle-based CL system for chiral discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shahrajabian
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11155-9516, Iran
| | - Forough Ghasemi
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11155-9516, Iran
| | - M Reza Hormozi-Nezhad
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11155-9516, Iran.
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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23
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Woiwode U, Reischl RJ, Buckenmaier S, Lindner W, Lämmerhofer M. Imaging Peptide and Protein Chirality via Amino Acid Analysis by Chiral × Chiral Two-Dimensional Correlation Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7963-7971. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Woiwode
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Roland Johann Reischl
- University of Salzburg, Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Laboratories, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stephan Buckenmaier
- Agilent Technologies, Research and Development, Hewlett-Packard-Strasse 8, 76337 Waldbronn, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lindner
- Lindner
Consulting
GmbH, Ziegelofengasse 37, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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24
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Enantioselective multiple heartcut two-dimensional ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography method with a Coreshell chiral stationary phase in the second dimension for analysis of all proteinogenic amino acids in a single run. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1562:69-77. [PMID: 29859685 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A multiple heartcut (MHC) 2D-UHPLC method with UV detection has been developed for the enantioselective analysis of complex amino acid mixtures in a single run. The MHC method is based on an achiral gradient RPLC separation with 1.8 μm C18 phase (100 × 2.1 mm ID column) in the first dimension (1D) and enantioselective isocratic separation on a tert-butylcarbamoylquinine-based 2.7 μm Coreshell particle column (50 × 3 mm ID) in the second dimension (2D). Pre-column derivatization has been performed with Sanger's reagent (2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene) yielding chromogenic 2,4-dinitrophenylated amino acids (DNP-AAs). Heartcuts of 40 μL fractions of the 1D peaks were sampled into the 2D system via a two-position four-port dual valve connected to two loop decks each equipped with six 40 μL parking loops. Using this setup, 25 amino acids (20 proteinogenic plus allo-Thr, allo-Ile, homoserine (Hse), Orn, β-Ala) have been analyzed enantioselectively in a fully automated manner with a single chiral column within 130 min total run time (1D and 2D). All 2D separations together took 101.5 min (29 cuts with 3.5 min run time each) and thus the total analysis time was quite efficiently utilized. Faster separations were restricted by some software constraints which did not allow to adjust run times in 2D individually. The practical utility of this enantioselective MHC method is documented by application for the absolute configuration determination of the amino acids in gramicidin and bacitracin. Further optimizations should lead to a generic enantioselective amino acid analyzer for the quality control of synthetic peptides and the structural characterization of non-ribosomal peptides.
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25
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Muñoz J, González-Campo A, Riba-Moliner M, Baeza M, Mas-Torrent M. Chiral magnetic-nanobiofluids for rapid electrochemical screening of enantiomers at a magneto nanocomposite graphene-paste electrode. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 105:95-102. [PMID: 29412951 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of highly sensitive and selective enantiomeric platforms towards the rapid screening of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is nowadays a crucial challenge in several fields related to pharmacology, biomedicine, biotechnology and (bio)sensors. Herein, it is presented a novel, facile and generic methodology focused on exploiting the synergistically and electrocatalytic properties of chiral magnetic-nanobiofluids (mNBFs) with electrochemical enantiobiosensing at a magneto nanocomposite graphene paste electrode (mNC-GPE). The feasibility of this approach has been validated by chirally recognizing tryptophan (TRP) enantiomers as a proof-of-concept. For this aim, a specific chiral mNBF based on an aqueous dispersion of cobalt ferrite loaded with gold nanoparticles carrying a thiolated β-cyclodextrin (β-CD-SH/Au/CoFe2O4-NPs) has been synthesized and used towards the supramolecular discrimination of TRP enantiomers at an advanced graphene-paste transducer via cyclic voltammetry. This strategy, which is the first demonstration of applicability of chiral mNBFs for electrochemical enantiorecognition, opens up new approaches into enantio(bio)sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Muñoz
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - A González-Campo
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M Riba-Moliner
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M Baeza
- GENOCOV Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M Mas-Torrent
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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26
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Medvedovici A, Bacalum E, David V. Sample preparation for large-scale bioanalytical studies based on liquid chromatographic techniques. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 32. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Medvedovici
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Bucharest; Bucharest Romania
| | - Elena Bacalum
- Research Institute; University of Bucharest; Bucharest Romania
| | - Victor David
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Bucharest; Bucharest Romania
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27
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Moldovan RC, Bodoki E, Servais AC, Crommen J, Oprean R, Fillet M. (+) or (-)-1-(9-fluorenyl)ethyl chloroformate as chiral derivatizing agent: A review. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1513:1-17. [PMID: 28756893 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 30years, (±)-1-(9-fluorenyl)ethyl chloroformate ((±)-FLEC) was used as a chiral derivatizing agent in various analytical applications involving a wide range of endogenous, pharmaceutical and environmentally relevant molecules. This comprehensive review aims to present all the significant aspects related to the state of the art in FLEC labeling and subsequent chiral separation of the resulting diastereomers using LC, SFC and CE techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu-Cristian Moldovan
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, CIRM, University of Liege,Avenue Hippocrate 15, B36-+3-T4, 4000 Liege, Belgium; Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca,4 Louis Pasteur street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ede Bodoki
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca,4 Louis Pasteur street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anne-Catherine Servais
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, CIRM, University of Liege,Avenue Hippocrate 15, B36-+3-T4, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Jacques Crommen
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, CIRM, University of Liege,Avenue Hippocrate 15, B36-+3-T4, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Radu Oprean
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca,4 Louis Pasteur street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marianne Fillet
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, CIRM, University of Liege,Avenue Hippocrate 15, B36-+3-T4, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
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28
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Ghasemi F, Hormozi-Nezhad MR, Mahmoudi M. Time-Resolved Visual Chiral Discrimination of Cysteine Using Unmodified CdTe Quantum Dots. Sci Rep 2017; 7:890. [PMID: 28420870 PMCID: PMC5429850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00983-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate a simple yet novel luminescence assay for visual chiral discrimination of cysteine. Thioglycolic acid (TGA)-capped cadmium-telluride (CdTe) quantum dots (QDs) exposing green emission were directly synthesized in aqueous solution. The interaction between cysteine molecules and CdTe QDs induced the aggregation of QDs via hydrogen bonding. As a result of electronic coupling within these aggregates, a redshift both in the absorption and emission spectra of QDs occured. The difference in the kinetics of the interactions between L- and D-cysteine with CdTe QDs led to chiral recognition of these enantiomers. Addition of D-cysteine to CdTe QDs in a basic media caused a green-to-yellow color change, while no color alteration in QDs emission was observed in the presence of L-cysteine after 2 hours. Notably, the QDs used in the proposed assay are free from any labling/modification, which makes the present strategy highly attractive for sensing applications. Furthermore, the presented chiral assay is able to determine the enantiomeric excess (ee) of D-cysteine in the whole range of ee values (from -100% to 100%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Ghasemi
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11155-9516, Iran
| | - M Reza Hormozi-Nezhad
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11155-9516, Iran.
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Department of Nanotechnology and Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 13169-43551, Iran.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States.
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29
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Comparing the selectivity and chiral separation of d- and l- fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chloride protected amino acids in analytical high performance liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography; evaluating throughput, economic and environmental impact. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1493:10-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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31
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Song G, Zhou F, Xu C, Li B. A universal strategy for visual chiral recognition of α-amino acids with L-tartaric acid-capped gold nanoparticles as colorimetric probes. Analyst 2017; 141:1257-65. [PMID: 26759834 DOI: 10.1039/c5an02434j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability to recognize and quantify the chirality of alpha-amino acids constitutes the basis of many critical areas for specific targeting in drug development and metabolite probing. It is still challenging to conveniently distinguish the enantiomer of amino acids largely due to the lack of a universal and simple strategy. In this work, we report a strategy for the visual recognition of α-amino acids. It is based on the chirality of L-tartaric acid-capped gold nanoparticles (L-TA-capped AuNPs, ca. 13 nm in diameter). All of 19 right-handed α-amino acids can induce a red-to-blue color change of L-TA-capped AuNP solution, whereas all of the left-handed amino acids (except cysteine) cannot. The chiral recognition can be achieved by the naked eye and a simple spectrophotometer. This method does not require complicated chiral modification, and excels through its low-cost, good availability of materials and its simplicity. Another notable feature of this method is its high generality, and this method can discriminate almost all native α-amino acid enantiomers. This versatile method could be potentially used for high-throughput chiral recognition of amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Fulin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Chunli Xu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Baoxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
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Development of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantitative analysis of trace d-amino acids. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 123:134-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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33
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Enantiomeric Ratio of Amino Acids as a Tool for Determination of Aging and Disease Diagnostics by Chromatographic Measurement. SEPARATIONS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/separations3040030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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34
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Ilisz I, Péter A, Lindner W. State-of-the-art enantioseparations of natural and unnatural amino acids by high-performance liquid chromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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35
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Shahangi F, Najafi Chermahini A, Farrokhpour H, Dabbagh HA. Enantiomeric discrimination of leucine enantiomers by nanotubular cyclic peptides: DFT and ONIOM calculation of the absorption spectra of guested enantiomers. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-016-0632-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Akgönüllü S, Yavuz H, Denizli A. Preparation of imprinted cryogel cartridge for chiral separation of l-phenylalanine. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 45:800-807. [PMID: 27132947 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2016.1175445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
l-Phe-imprinted cryogel cartridge was prepared for the chiral separation of l-Phe. N-Methacryloyl l-phenylalanine (MAPA) was used as a functional monomer for complexing with l-Phe. The selectivity of the membranes was investigated by using d-Phe, l-Trp, and d-Trp as competitor molecules. The PHEMAPA-l-Trp membranes were 6.4, 4.3, and 5.5 times more selective for l-Phe than d-Phe, l-Trp, and d-Trp, respectively. The PHEMAPA-l-Phe cryogel cartridge was incorporated into the fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) equipment and was able to separate D,l-Phe racemic mixture efficiently. The PHEMAPA-l-Phe membranes were shown to be reusable many times without significant loss of the adsorption capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semra Akgönüllü
- a Department of Chemistry , Hacettepe University , Beytepe , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Handan Yavuz
- a Department of Chemistry , Hacettepe University , Beytepe , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- a Department of Chemistry , Hacettepe University , Beytepe , Ankara , Turkey
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Vijayasarathy S, Prasad P, Fremlin LJ, Ratnayake R, Salim AA, Khalil Z, Capon RJ. C3 and 2D C3 Marfey's Methods for Amino Acid Analysis in Natural Products. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:421-7. [PMID: 26863178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We validate the improved resolution and sensitivity of the C3 Marfey's method, including an ability to resolve all Ile isomers, against an array of amino acids commonly encountered in natural products and by comparison to an existing Marfey's method. We also describe an innovative 2D C3 Marfey's method as an analytical approach for determining the regiochemistry of enantiomeric amino acid residues in natural products. The C3 and 2D C3 Marfey's methods represent valuable tools for probing and defining the stereocomplexity of hydrolytically accessible amino acid residues in natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumini Vijayasarathy
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Pritesh Prasad
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Leith J Fremlin
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ranjala Ratnayake
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Angela A Salim
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Zeinab Khalil
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Robert J Capon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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38
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Methods for the comprehensive structural elucidation of constitution and stereochemistry of lipopeptides. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1428:280-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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TODOROKI K, NAKAMURA M, SATO Y, GOTO K, NAKANO T, ISHII Y, MIN JZ, INOUE K, TOYO’OKA T. 4-(4,6-Dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium Chloride as an Enantioseparation Enhancer for Chiral Derivatization-LC Analysis of D- and L-Amino acids. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2016. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2015.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuhi SATO
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Kanoko GOTO
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Tatsuki NAKANO
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Yasuhiro ISHII
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Jun Zhe MIN
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Koichi INOUE
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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Riesová M, Geryk R, Kalíková K, Šlechtová T, Voborná M, Martínková M, Bydžovská A, Tesařová E. Direct CE and HPLC methods for enantioseparation of tryptophan and its unnatural derivatives. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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41
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42
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Jin D, Zhao Y, Min ZZ, Lee YI. (S)-1-methyl-4-(5-(3-aminopyrrolidin-1-yl)-2,4-dinitrophenyl)piperazine as a novel chiral derivatization reagent for high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of carboxylic acid enantiomers. Microchem J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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43
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Taujenis L, Olšauskaitė V, Padarauskas A. Enantioselective determination of protein amino acids in fertilizers by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry on chiral teicoplanin stationary phase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:11099-11108. [PMID: 25350489 DOI: 10.1021/jf5047333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography on a glycopeptide antibiotic teicoplanin-based chiral stationary phase coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was developed for fast and reliable enantioseparation and determination of protein amino acids in hydrolyzed fertilizer samples. The effect of the mobile phase parameters (type and content of organic modifier and pH) and the column temperature on the enantioselectivity was investigated. Under optimized conditions, the majority (15 of 19) of d/l-amino acid pairs were resolved with a resolution factor (Rs) higher than 1.5 with a run time of 15 min. A triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer operating in multiple reaction monitoring mode with an electrospray ionization (ESI) ion source was employed for detection. The method was validated in terms of linearity, limits of detection, limits of quantitation, precision, and accuracy. Linear responses were obtained with determination coefficients higher than 0.998 for all analytes, and limits of detection were from 0.04 to 0.24 μg/mL. Sample spike/recovery experiments gave recovery values ranging from 73% for d-threonine to 116% for L-tryptophan. Relative standard deviations for inter- and intraday precision experiments were lower than 21.7%. The developed method was successfully applied for determination of the free amino acid enantiomers in five commercially available hydrolyzed protein fertilizer samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Taujenis
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Vilnius University , Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
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44
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Wang W, Ma L, Yao F, Lin X, Xu K. High-speed separation and detection of amino acids in laver using a short capillary electrophoresis system. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:335-40. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety of Ministry of Education; Fujian Provincial; Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety; Department of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
| | - Lihong Ma
- Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety of Ministry of Education; Fujian Provincial; Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety; Department of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
| | - Fenzeng Yao
- Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety of Ministry of Education; Fujian Provincial; Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety; Department of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
| | - Xiuli Lin
- Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety of Ministry of Education; Fujian Provincial; Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety; Department of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
| | - Kaixuan Xu
- Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety of Ministry of Education; Fujian Provincial; Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety; Department of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
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45
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Liu C, Li B, Xu C. Colorimetric chiral discrimination and determination of enantiometric excess of D/L-tryptophan using silver nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-014-1281-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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46
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Abstract
AbstractThe most important advances in planar chromatography published between November 1, 2011 and November 1, 2013 are reviewed in this paper. Included are an introduction to the current status of the field; student experiments, books, and reviews; theory and fundamental studies; apparatus and techniques for sample preparation and TLC separations (sample application and plate development with the mobile phase); detection and identification of separated zones (chemical and biological detection, TLC/mass spectrometry, and TLC coupled with other spectrometric methods); techniques and instruments for quantitative analysis; preparative layer chromatography; and thin layer radiochromatography. Numerous applications to a great number of compound types and sample matrices are presented in all sections of the review.
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Mochizuki T, Todoroki K, Inoue K, Min JZ, Toyo’oka T. Isotopic variants of light and heavy l-pyroglutamic acid succinimidyl esters as the derivatization reagents for dl-amino acid chiral metabolomics identification by liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 811:51-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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48
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Li X, Xiao D, Ou XM, McCullum C, Liu YM. A microchip electrophoresis-mass spectrometric platform for fast separation and identification of enantiomers employing the partial filling technique. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1318:251-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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49
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Enantioselective separation of unusual amino acids by high performance liquid chromatography. Sep Purif Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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