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Hilbe M, Posthaus H, Paternoster G, Schuller S, Imlau M, Jahns H. Exudative glomerulonephritis associated with acute leptospirosis in dogs. Vet Pathol 2024; 61:453-461. [PMID: 37899628 PMCID: PMC11067394 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231207020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
In the past 20 years in Switzerland, dogs with suspect acute leptospirosis frequently showed severe glomerular changes that had not been previously reported. These features were characterized by abundant extravasated erythrocytes and fewer neutrophils accompanied by marked fibrin exudation into the urinary space that was interpreted as an exudative glomerulonephritis (GN). This retrospective study describes this significant glomerular pathological change and investigates the association with leptospirosis. Tissues from 50 dogs with exudative GN, retrieved from 2 pathology archives in Switzerland were reviewed using hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin, and Warthin and Starry stains. Clinical and postmortem data were collected for each case. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or polymerase chain reactions were used as confirmatory tests for leptospirosis. While all 50 cases had clinical and pathological features supporting a diagnosis of leptospirosis, 37 cases were confirmed for the disease. Using a LipL32 antibody in addition to the OMV2177 antibody raised against the lipopolysaccharide of Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni increased the detection rate of Leptospira by IHC in exudative GN from 24% to 62%. Signalment, seasonality, clinical signs, blood results, and pathological changes in dogs with exudative GN were similar to those reported for dogs without GN and confirmed infection by Leptospira spp.. Exudative GN was common among Swiss dogs with leptospirosis where it caused acute severe disease. Leptospirosis should be considered as a cause of this new pathologic feature by the pathologist. The pathogenesis remains unclear, but involvement of a geographic-specific serovar with unique virulence factors is suspected and warrants further investigation.
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Segev G, Cortellini S, Foster JD, Francey T, Langston C, Londoño L, Schweighauser A, Jepson RE. International Renal Interest Society best practice consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute kidney injury in cats and dogs. Vet J 2024:106068. [PMID: 38325516 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as an injury to the renal parenchyma, with or without a decrease in kidney function, as reflected by accumulation of uremic toxins or altered urine production (i.e., increased or decreased). AKI might result from any of several factors, including ischemia, inflammation, nephrotoxins, and infectious diseases. AKI can be community- or hospital-acquired. The latter was not previously considered a common cause for AKI in animals; however, recent evidence suggests that the prevalence of hospital-acquired AKI is increasing in veterinary medicine. This is likely due to a combination of increased recognition and awareness of AKI, as well as increased treatment intensity (e.g., ventilation and prolonged hospitalization) in some veterinary patients and increased management of geriatric veterinary patients with multiple comorbidities. Advancements in the management of AKI, including the increased availability of renal replacement therapies, have been made; however, the overall mortality of animals with AKI remains high. Despite the high prevalence of AKI and the high mortality rate, the body of evidence regarding the diagnosis and the management of AKI in veterinary medicine is very limited. Consequently, the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) constructed a working group to provide guidelines for animals with AKI. Recommendations are based on the available literature and the clinical experience of the members of the working group and reflect consensus of opinion. Fifty statements were generated and were voted on in all aspects of AKI and explanatory text can be found either before or after each statement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Segev
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Stefano Cortellini
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Jonathan D Foster
- Department of Nephrology and Urology, Friendship Hospital for Animals, Washington DC, USA
| | - Thierry Francey
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Langston
- Veterinary Clinical Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Leonel Londoño
- Department of Critical Care, Capital Veterinary Specialists, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ariane Schweighauser
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rosanne E Jepson
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
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Sonderegger F, Nentwig A, Schweighauser A, Francey T, Marti E, Mirkovitch J, Schuller S. Association of markers of endothelial activation and dysfunction with occurrence and outcome of pulmonary hemorrhage in dogs with leptospirosis. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:1789-1799. [PMID: 34076314 PMCID: PMC8295707 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial dysfunction might contribute to the development of leptospiral pulmonary hemorrhage syndrome (LPHS). Hypothesis Serum concentrations of markers of endothelial activation and dysfunction are higher in dogs with leptospirosis and correlate with the occurrence of LPHS and a higher case fatality rate. Animals Clinically healthy dogs (n = 31; 10/31 dogs confirmed healthy based on no detected abnormalities on blood work), dogs with leptospirosis with LPHS (n = 17) and without LPHS (n = 15), dogs with acute kidney injury not due to leptospirosis (AKI‐nL, n = 34). Methods Observational study. Serum concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM‐1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and angiopoietin‐2 (Ang‐2) at admission were compared between groups. Correlations with outcome and the accuracy to predict LPHS were examined. Results Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM‐1), VEGF, and Ang‐2 concentrations were higher in dogs with AKI‐nL (sICAM‐1 34.7 ng/mL, interquartile range [IQR] = 24.4‐75.5; VEGF 43.1 pg/mL, IQR = 12.3‐79.2; Ang‐2 8.5 ng/mL, IQR = 6.2‐12.3), leptospirosis without LPHS (sICAM‐1 45.1 ng/mL, IQR = 30.6‐59.0; VEGF 32.4 pg/mL, IQR = 12.5‐62.6; Ang‐2 9.6 ng/mL, IQR = 6.9‐19.3), and LPHS (sICAM‐1 69.7 ng/mL, IQR = 42.1‐89.1; VEGF 51.8 pg/mL, IQR = 26.3‐96.7; Ang‐2 8.0 ng/mL, IQR = 5.6‐12.2) compared to controls (P < .001). In dogs with leptospirosis, VEGF and sICAM‐1 were higher in nonsurvivors (sICAM‐1 89.4 ng/mL, IQR = 76.5‐101.0; VEGF 117.0 pg/mL, IQR = 90.3‐232.4) than survivors (P = .004) and sICAM‐1 predicted the development of LPHS. Conclusions Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1, VEGF, and Ang‐2 do not discriminate leptospirosis from AKI‐nL. In dogs with leptospirosis, sICAM‐1 and VEGF predict outcome and sICAM‐1 might identify dogs at risk for LPHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Sonderegger
- Department Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Ariane Schweighauser
- Department Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Francey
- Department Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eliane Marti
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health (DCR-VPH), Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jelena Mirkovitch
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health (DCR-VPH), Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simone Schuller
- Department Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Lippi I, Puccinelli C, Perondi F, Ceccherini G, Pierini A, Marchetti V, Citi S. Predictors of Fatal Pulmonary Haemorrhage in Dogs Affected by Leptospirosis Approaching Haemodialysis. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8020025. [PMID: 33567544 PMCID: PMC7914731 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A retrospective case control study, which aimed to evaluate potential clinical, laboratory and imaging predictors of fatal pulmonary haemorrhage in dogs with Leptospirosis submitted to haemodialysis. The study population was divided in two groups according to the presence (PH) or absence (nPH) of pulmonary haemorrhage. A statistical comparison was performed at hospital admission for clinical (spontaneous bleeding, icterus, and respiratory distress), laboratory (serum creatinine, urea, phosphate, calcium, bicarbonate, bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALKP, GGT, total protein, albumin, glycaemia, sodium, potassium, CRP, RBC, HCT, HGB, WBC, PLT, PT, aPTT, fibrinogen), and pulmonary radiographic findings between the two groups of dogs. At hospital admission, dogs developing pulmonary haemorrhage were more likely to have respiratory distress (p = 0.002), severely elevated serum bilirubin (p = 0.002), AST (p = 0.04), ALT (p = 0.012), ALKP (p = 0.002), reduced serum glycaemia (p = 0.014), and thrombocytopenia (p = 0.04). Respiratory distress and elevated serum bilirubin (≥11.5 mg/dL) were independently associated with increased risk of pulmonary haemorrhage. In conclusion, the presence of respiratory distress at hospital admission is strongly associated (OR 40.9) with increased risk of pulmonary haemorrhage, even though no abnormalities are found at chest radiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Lippi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, San Piero a Grado, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (I.L.); (C.P.); (F.P.); (V.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Caterina Puccinelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, San Piero a Grado, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (I.L.); (C.P.); (F.P.); (V.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Francesca Perondi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, San Piero a Grado, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (I.L.); (C.P.); (F.P.); (V.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Gianila Ceccherini
- Ospedale Veterinario San Concordio, Via Savonarola 106/f, 55100 Lucca, Italy;
| | - Alessio Pierini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, San Piero a Grado, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (I.L.); (C.P.); (F.P.); (V.M.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-2210-100
| | - Veronica Marchetti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, San Piero a Grado, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (I.L.); (C.P.); (F.P.); (V.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Simonetta Citi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, San Piero a Grado, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (I.L.); (C.P.); (F.P.); (V.M.); (S.C.)
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Paz LN, Dias CS, Carvalho VMPD, Muramoto C, Estrela-Lima A, Pinna MH. Unusual case of polyarthritis and hepatorenal syndrome associated with Leptospira interrogans infection in a dog: A case report. Res Vet Sci 2020; 134:186-190. [PMID: 33388616 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by spirochetal bacterial of the genus Leptospira affecting virtually all mammals. The infection has a broad range of effects, from mild clinical manifestation to multiple organ failure, and ultimately death. A 5-months-old male unvaccinated dog was admitted to the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital presenting dullness, dehydration, jaundiced mucous, bloody diarrhea, vomiting, and hyporexia. Microscopic agglutination test (MAT) detected serological titers of 1:1.600 for serogroup Canicola. After five days of monitoring by the medical team he developed fever and swelling of carpal and tarsal joints, accompanied by functional limitation. Initial antimicrobial treatment was instituted for leptospirosis. Polyarthritis responsiveness to glucocorticoid therapy was observed through decreasing signs of inflammation of the affected joints. The diagnosis of leptospirosis was further confirmed by molecular investigation for Leptospira spp. on blood and synovial fluid samples. Amplification and sequencing of the secY partial gene characterized the infective bacterial as Leptospira interrogans. From the 7th day the respiratory condition worsened and on Day 14 the patient evolved to death, when necropsy and histological evaluation were performed. Prominent anatomopathological findings included: fibrinous polyarthritis, bronchointerstitial pneumonia, intense hepatocyte dissociation, cholestasis, and periportal multifocal hepatitis, diffuse acute tubular necrosis, and significant dystrophic mineralization in the renal parenchyma, lungs, and atrial endocardium. Here, we present a case report of systemic clinical manifestations polyarthritis associated with the presence of leptospiras in the synovial fluid. We highlight the need for richer knowledge about the different clinical manifestations of leptospirosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Nogueira Paz
- Bacterial Disease Laboratory (LABAC) - Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Carla Silva Dias
- Bacterial Disease Laboratory (LABAC) - Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Vitor Moraes Pina de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology - Department of Anatomy, Pathology and Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Caterina Muramoto
- Diagnostic Imaging - Department of Anatomy, Pathology and Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Estrela-Lima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology - Department of Anatomy, Pathology and Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Melissa Hanzen Pinna
- Bacterial Disease Laboratory (LABAC) - Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
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Fouché N, Graubner C, Lanz S, Schweighauser A, Francey T, Gerber V. Acute kidney injury due to Leptospira interrogans in 4 foals and use of renal replacement therapy with intermittent hemodiafiltration in 1 foal. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:1007-1012. [PMID: 31999382 PMCID: PMC7096627 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Four 2‐month‐old foals were presented to an equine hospital with acute kidney injury caused by Leptospira interrogans infection. Clinical signs were nonspecific and included lethargy, fever, and unwillingness to nurse. The most important hematologic and clinicopathologic findings were azotemia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hyponatremia, and hypochloremia. The diagnosis was based on urinary real‐time PCR, serology using a microscopic agglutination test, or both. The most important serovars involved were L. interrogans serogroup australis serovar Bratislava and Australis. Treatment consisted of IV fluid therapy and antimicrobial treatment. Renal replacement therapy with hemodiafiltration was performed in 1 of the foals. All foals survived to discharge. This report highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment in foals with acute kidney injury caused by L. interrogans infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Fouché
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, University of Bern, and Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Graubner
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, University of Bern, and Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simone Lanz
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, University of Bern, and Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ariane Schweighauser
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Francey
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vinzenz Gerber
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, University of Bern, and Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
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7
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Reinero C. Interstitial lung diseases in dogs and cats part II: Known cause and other discrete forms. Vet J 2018; 243:55-64. [PMID: 30606440 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In addition to idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) can occur secondary to known causes or be classified as discrete syndromes. Also known as diffuse parenchymal lung diseases, the ILDs represent a heterogenous group of non-infectious, non-neoplastic disorders characterized by varied patterns of inflammation and fibrosis. Characteristically associated with the true interstitium (i.e. the anatomic space lined by alveolar epithelial cells and capillary endothelial cells and the loose-binding connective tissue), it is important to understand ILDs are associated with pathology of the distal lung parenchyma and thus lesions can be bronchiolocentric or resemble alveolar filling disorders. Injury to the distal lung can occur via inhalation or hematogenous routes. This review will build on a proposed classification scheme adapted from human medicine to describe known cause and discrete forms of ILDs in dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Reinero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Diagnosis of acute canine leptospirosis using multiple laboratory tests and characterization of the isolated strains. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:222. [PMID: 30016949 PMCID: PMC6050646 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1547-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dogs presenting with acute leptospirosis may present non-specific clinical and laboratory findings, and the definitive diagnosis may require additional confirmatory tests, including bacterial culture, for the direct or indirect identification of the pathogen. The present study describes the diagnosis of leptospirosis in suspected dogs based on the use of multiple diagnostic tests, including serological, molecular and bacteriological tests, along with the characterization of the recovered leptospiral strains. RESULTS Urine, serum and blood samples were collected from 33 dogs with suspected clinical leptospirosis treated at the University of São Paulo Veterinary Hospital Service (Hovet FMVZ-USP) between 2013 and 2016. Only dogs with high blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in association with multiple clinical manifestations of the disease were included. Leptospiral culture, PCR and serology (Microscopic agglutination test - MAT) were performed in blood and urine samples taken from all suspected dogs at clinical presentation, and an additional prospective MAT titration was performed in seven dogs. Infection could be identified exclusively by PCR in 10 dogs (30.3%), exclusively by MAT in four dogs (12.1%) and by both tests in four dogs, totaling 18 dogs (54.5-95%CI: 37.6-71.5). Six out of eight MAT-confirmed cases presented with the highest titers against the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup. Leptospires were recovered from urine samples from two PCR-positive dogs, and both strains could be characterized by Multilocus Sequence Analysis and serogrouping as L. interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae. Both isolates were shown to be pathogenic in the hamster model. CONCLUSIONS The simultaneous use of MAT and PCR was able to increase the diagnosis of leptospirosis in clinically suspected cases. Despite the increasing incidence of new serovars affecting dogs being reported in different locations, our results suggest that leptospiral strains belonging to the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup are still a major causative agent of canine leptospirosis in São Paulo, Brazil.
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Gomes-Solecki M, Santecchia I, Werts C. Animal Models of Leptospirosis: Of Mice and Hamsters. Front Immunol 2017; 8:58. [PMID: 28270811 PMCID: PMC5318464 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic Leptospira sp. are spirochetal bacteria responsible for leptospirosis, an emerging worldwide zoonosis. These spirochetes are very successful pathogens that infect a wide range of hosts such as fish, reptiles, birds, marsupials, and mammals. Transmission occurs when chronically infected animals excrete live bacteria in their urine, contaminating the environment. Leptospira sp. enter their hosts through damaged skin and mucosa. Chronically infected rats and mice are asymptomatic and are considered as important reservoirs of the disease. Infected humans may develop either a flu-like, usually mild illness with or without chronic asymptotic renal colonization, or a severe acute disease with kidney, liver, and heart failure, potentially leading to death. Leptospirosis is an economic burden on society due to health-care costs related to elevated morbidity of humans and loss of animals of agricultural interest. There are no effective vaccines against leptospirosis. Leptospira sp. are difficult to genetically manipulate which delays the pace of research progress. In this review, we discuss in an historical perspective how animal models have contributed to further our knowledge of leptospirosis. Hamsters, guinea pigs, and gerbils have been instrumental to study the pathophysiology of acute lethal leptospirosis and the Leptospira sp. genes involved in virulence. Chronic renal colonization has been mostly studied using experimentally infected rats. A special emphasis will be placed on mouse models, long thought to be irrelevant since they survive lethal infection. However, mice have recently been shown to be good models of sublethal infection leading to chronic colonization. Furthermore, congenic and transgenic mice have proven essential to study how innate immune cells interact with the pathogen and to understand the role of the toll-like receptor 4, which is important to control Leptospira sp. load and disease. The use of inbred and transgenic mouse models opens up the field to the comprehensive study of immune responses to Leptospira sp. infection and subsequent pathophysiology of inflammation. It also allows for testing of drugs and vaccines in a biological system that can avail of a wealth of molecular tools that enable understanding of the mechanisms of action of protective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gomes-Solecki
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, TN , USA
| | - Ignacio Santecchia
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi Bactérienne, Paris, France; INSERM, équipe Avenir, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Werts
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi Bactérienne, Paris, France; INSERM, équipe Avenir, Paris, France
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Bosseler L, Cornelis I, Defauw P, Daminet S, Ducatelle R. Suspected phenobarbitone hypersensitivity with acute liver failure in a dog. N Z Vet J 2016; 65:168-170. [DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2016.1260501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Bosseler
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - I Cornelis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - P Defauw
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - S Daminet
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - R Ducatelle
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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11
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Barthélemy A, Magnin M, Pouzot-Nevoret C, Bonnet-Garin JM, Hugonnard M, Goy-Thollot I. Hemorrhagic, Hemostatic, and Thromboelastometric Disorders in 35 Dogs with a Clinical Diagnosis of Leptospirosis: A Prospective Study. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 31:69-80. [PMID: 27911985 PMCID: PMC5259627 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Leptospirosis in dogs is occasionally associated with a hemorrhagic syndrome, the pathophysiology of which is not fully understood. Hypothesis/Objectives To characterize hematologic, hemostatic, and thromboelastometric abnormalities in dogs with leptospirosis and to study their association with hemorrhagic diatheses and outcomes. Animals Thirty‐five client‐owned dogs. Methods A prospective observational single cohort study was conducted. Results from the CBC, coagulation tests (prothrombin, activated partial thromboplastin and thrombin times, fibrinogen, fibrin(ogen) degradation products, and D‐dimer concentrations), rotational thromboelastometry (TEM), signalment, hemorrhagic diatheses, occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) at admission, and survival to discharge were recorded. Results The most common hematologic and hemostatic abnormalities were anemia (30/35), thrombocytopenia (21/35), and hyperfibrinogenemia (15/35). Eight dogs were diagnosed with DIC. A normal TEM profile was found in 14 dogs, a hypercoagulable profile in 14 dogs, and a hypocoagulable profile in 7 dogs. The 8 dogs with hemorrhagic diatheses at admission had significantly decreased platelet counts (P = .037) and increased D‐dimer concentrations (P = .015) compared with other dogs. Dogs with a hypocoagulable profile exhibited more hemorrhagic diatheses compared with the dogs that had normal and hypercoagulable profiles (P = .049). The mortality rate was lower in dogs with a hypercoagulable profile than in those with a hypocoagulable profile (21% vs 57%; P = .043). Disseminated intravascular coagulation was not a significant prognostic factor. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Thromboelastometric parameters were altered in dogs with both hypercoagulable and hypocoagulable profiles. A hypocoagulable profile was significantly correlated with hemorrhagic diathesis and higher mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barthélemy
- Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU), VetAgro Sup campus vétérinaire de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France.,Univ Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - M Magnin
- Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU), VetAgro Sup campus vétérinaire de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France.,Univ Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - C Pouzot-Nevoret
- Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU), VetAgro Sup campus vétérinaire de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France.,Univ Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | | | - M Hugonnard
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, USC 1233 Emerging Pathogens and Wild Rodents, VetAgro Sup Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - I Goy-Thollot
- Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU), VetAgro Sup campus vétérinaire de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France.,Univ Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Etoile, France
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