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Matthews DB, Rossmann G, Matthews SJ, Zank A, Shult C, Turunen A, Sharma P. Increased anxiolytic effect in aged female rats and increased motoric behavior in aged male rats to acute alcohol administration: Comparison to younger animals. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 239:173770. [PMID: 38636813 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The population of most countries in the world is increasing and understanding risk factors that can influence the health of the older population is critical. Older adults consume alcohol often in a risky, binge manner. Previous work has demonstrated that aged rats are more sensitive to many of the effects of acute ethanol. In the current project aged, adult, and adolescent female and male rats were tested on the elevated plus maze and open field following either a 1.0 g/kg alcohol injection or a saline injection. We report sex- and age-dependent effects whereas aged female rats, but not aged male rats, showed an increased anxiolytic effect of alcohol in the elevated plus maze while aged male rats, but not aged female rats, showed increased stimulatory movement in the open field. In addition, significant age effects were found for both female and male rats. It is proposed that the sex- and age-dependent effects reported in the current studies may be due to differential levels of alcohol-induced allopregnanolone for the anxiolytic effects and differential levels of alcohol-induced dopamine for the stimulatory effects. The current work provides insights into factors influencing alcohol consumption in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Matthews
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI 54701, United States of America.
| | - Gillian Rossmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI 54701, United States of America
| | - Sadie J Matthews
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI 54701, United States of America
| | - Aeda Zank
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI 54701, United States of America
| | - Carolyn Shult
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI 54701, United States of America
| | - Alicia Turunen
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI 54701, United States of America
| | - Pravesh Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, WI 54703, United States of America
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2
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Yoladi FB, Palabiyik-Yucelik SS, Bahador Zirh E, Halici Z, Baydar T. Effects of idebenone and coenzyme Q10 on NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β pathway regulation on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38804209 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2351191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Chronic and excessive alcohol consumption leads to liver toxicity. There is a need to investigate effective therapeutic strategies to alleviate alcohol-induced liver injury, which remains the leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore here, we looked into and evaluated how ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity was affected by coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and its analog, idebenone (IDE), on the NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1 pathway. Hepatotoxicity induced in rats through the oral administration of gradually increasing dosages of ethanol (from 2 to 6 g/kg/day) over 30 days and the effect of CoQ10 (10 or 20 mg/kg) and IDE (50 or 100 mg/kg) were evaluated. Serum hepatotoxicity markers (ALT, AST, GGT, ALP, and TBIL), tissue oxidative stress markers and the mRNA expressions of IL-1β, IL-18, TGF-β, NF-κB, NLRP3, and caspase-1 were evaluated. Masson's trichrome staining was also used to visualize fibrosis in the liver tissue. The results indicated that ethanol exposure led to hepatotoxicity as well as considerable NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β pathway activation. Moreover, CoQ10 or IDE treatment reduced measured parameters in a dosage-dependent manner. Thus, by inhibiting the NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1 pathway, CoQ10 and IDE can prevent the hepatotoxicity caused by ethanol, although CoQ10 is more effective than IDE. This study will provide insight into new therapeutic avenues that take advantage of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of CoQ10 and IDE in ethanol-induced liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Betül Yoladi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Saziye Sezin Palabiyik-Yucelik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Clinical Research, Development and Design Application and Research Center, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Elham Bahador Zirh
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zekai Halici
- Clinical Research, Development and Design Application and Research Center, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Terken Baydar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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3
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Mușat MI, Militaru F, Udriștoiu I, Mitran SI, Cătălin B. Alcohol Consumption Is a Coping Mechanism for Male Patients with Severe Anxiety Disorders Treated with Antidepressants Monotherapy. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2723. [PMID: 38731251 PMCID: PMC11084266 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13092723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Anxiety disorders are prevalent mental health conditions often accompanied by various comorbidities. The association between anxiety and liver disease, as well as fluctuations in blood sugar levels, highlights the importance of carefully evaluating patients with anxiety undergoing antidepressant therapy. The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative assessment of liver function and blood glucose levels in patients diagnosed with anxiety disorders while considering potential gender-specific differences. Methods: An analysis was conducted over a 24-month period. This study included 88 patients diagnosed with anxiety disorders, with symptoms severe enough to require hospitalization, aged 18 or older, undergoing antidepressant monotherapy, without any additional pathologies. Liver enzymes (AST, ALT, GGT), AST/ALT ratio, and blood glucose levels were measured and compared. Results: While no significant differences were found between antidepressant classes, increased GGT levels were observed in men older than 40 years compared to women of the same age, suggesting that alcohol consumption may be a coping mechanism for anxiety. This gender difference was not observed among young patients. Conclusions: Early detection of alcohol consumption is essential in patients with anxiety disorders in order to prevent alcohol-related liver damage and to adjust the management of both conditions accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mădălina Iuliana Mușat
- U.M.F. Doctoral School Craiova, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
- Experimental Research Centre for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Felicia Militaru
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Ion Udriștoiu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Smaranda Ioana Mitran
- Experimental Research Centre for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Bogdan Cătălin
- Experimental Research Centre for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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4
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Lu Y, George J. Interaction between fatty acid oxidation and ethanol metabolism in liver. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G483-G494. [PMID: 38573193 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00281.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) releases the energy stored in fat to maintain basic biological processes. Dehydrogenation is a major way to oxidize fatty acids, which needs NAD+ to accept the released H+ from fatty acids and form NADH, which increases the ratio of NADH/NAD+ and consequently inhibits FAO leading to the deposition of fat in the liver, which is termed fatty liver or steatosis. Consumption of alcohol (ethanol) initiates simple steatosis that progresses to alcoholic steatohepatitis, which constitutes a spectrum of liver disorders called alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). ALD is linked to ethanol metabolism. Ethanol is metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), microsomal ethanol oxidation system (MEOS), mainly cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), and catalase. ADH also requires NAD+ to accept the released H+ from ethanol. Thus, ethanol metabolism by ADH leads to increased ratio of NADH/NAD+, which inhibits FAO and induces steatosis. CYP2E1 directly consumes reducing equivalent NADPH to oxidize ethanol, which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that lead to cellular injury. Catalase is mainly present in peroxisomes, where very long-chain fatty acids and branched-chain fatty acids are oxidized, and the resultant short-chain fatty acids will be further oxidized in mitochondria. Peroxisomal FAO generates hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is locally decomposed by catalase. When ethanol is present, catalase uses H2O2 to oxidize ethanol. In this review, we introduce FAO (including α-, β-, and ω-oxidation) and ethanol metabolism (by ADH, CYP2E1, and catalase) followed by the interaction between FAO and ethanol metabolism in the liver and its pathophysiological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongke Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards College of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States
| | - Joseph George
- Department of Hepatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
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5
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Bijla M, Saini SK, Pathak AK, Bharadwaj KP, Sukhavasi K, Patil A, Saini D, Yadav R, Singh S, Leeuwenburgh C, Kumar P. Microbiome interactions with different risk factors in development of myocardial infarction. Exp Gerontol 2024; 189:112409. [PMID: 38522483 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Among all non-communicable diseases, Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) stand as the leading global cause of mortality. Within this spectrum, Myocardial Infarction (MI) strikingly accounts for over 15 % of all deaths. The intricate web of risk factors for MI, comprising family history, tobacco use, oral health, hypertension, nutritional pattern, and microbial infections, is firmly influenced by the human gut and oral microbiota, their diversity, richness, and dysbiosis, along with their respective metabolites. Host genetic factors, especially allelic variations in signaling and inflammatory markers, greatly affect the progression or severity of the disease. Despite the established significance of the human microbiome-nutrient-metabolite interplay in associations with CVDs, the unexplored terrain of the gut-heart-oral axis has risen as a critical knowledge gap. Moreover, the pivotal role of the microbiome and the complex interplay with host genetics, compounded by age-related changes, emerges as an area of vital importance in the development of MI. In addition, a distinctive disease susceptibility and severity influenced by gender-based or ancestral differences, adds a crucial insights to the association with increased mortality. Here, we aimed to provide an overview on interactions of microbiome (oral and gut) with major risk factors (tobacco use, alcohol consumption, diet, hypertension host genetics, gender, and aging) in the development of MI and therapeutic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Bijla
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Saini
- Department of Zoology, Swami Shraddhanand College, Delhi University, India
| | - Ajai Kumar Pathak
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Katyayani Sukhavasi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and The Heart Clinic, Tartu University Hospital & Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ayurshi Patil
- ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
| | - Diksha Saini
- ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
| | - Rakesh Yadav
- Department of Cardiology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Shalini Singh
- ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
| | | | - Pramod Kumar
- ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India.
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6
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Russell MA, Smyth JM, Turrisi R, Rodriguez GC. Baseline protective behavioral strategy use predicts more moderate transdermal alcohol concentration dynamics and fewer negative consequences of drinking in young adults' natural settings. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2024; 38:347-359. [PMID: 37384452 PMCID: PMC10755066 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Test whether frequent protective behavioral strategies (PBS) users report (a) fewer alcohol-related consequences and (b) less risky alcohol intoxication dynamics (measured via transdermal alcohol concentration [TAC] sensor "features") in daily life. METHOD Two hundred twenty-two frequently heavy-drinking young adults (Mage = 22.3 years) wore TAC sensors for 6 consecutive days. TAC features peak (maximum TAC), rise rate (speed of TAC increase), and area under the curve (AUC) were derived for each day. Negative alcohol-related consequences were measured in the morning after each self-reported drinking day. Past-year PBS use was measured at baseline. RESULTS Young adults reporting more frequent baseline PBS use showed (a) fewer alcohol-related consequences and (b) lower intoxication dynamics on average (less AUC, lower peaks, and slower rise rates). Limiting/stopping and manner of drinking PBS showed the same pattern of findings as the total score. Serious harm reduction PBS predicted fewer negative alcohol-related consequences, but not TAC features. Multilevel path models showed that TAC features peak and rise rate partially explained associations between PBS (total, limiting/stopping, and manner of drinking) and consequences. Independent contributions of PBS subscales were small and nonsignificant, suggesting that total PBS use was a more important predictor of risk/protection than the specific types of PBS used. CONCLUSIONS Young adults using more total PBS may experience fewer alcohol-related consequences during real-world drinking episodes in part through less risky intoxication dynamics (TAC features). Future research measuring PBS at the daily level is needed to formally test TAC features as day-level mechanisms of protection from acute alcohol-related consequences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua M Smyth
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University
| | - Rob Turrisi
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University
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7
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Yun M, Jo HE, Kim N, Park HK, Jang YS, Choi GH, Jo HE, Seo JH, Mok JY, Park SM, Choi HJ. Oral Administration of Alcohol-Tolerant Lactic Acid Bacteria Alleviates Blood Alcohol Concentration and Ethanol-Induced Liver Damage in Rodents. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:838-845. [PMID: 38247212 PMCID: PMC11102817 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2312.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption can have serious negative consequences on health, including addiction, liver damage, and other long-term effects. The causes of hangovers include dehydration, alcohol and alcohol metabolite toxicity, and nutrient deficiency due to absorption disorders. Additionally, alcohol consumption can slow reaction times, making it more difficult to rapidly respond to situations that require quick thinking. Exposure to a large amount of ethanol can also negatively affect a person's righting reflex and balance. In this study, we evaluated the potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to alleviate alcohol-induced effects and behavioral responses. Two LAB strains isolated from kimchi, Levilactobacillus brevis WiKim0168 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides WiKim0172, were selected for their ethanol tolerance and potential to alleviate hangover symptoms. Enzyme activity assays for alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) were then conducted to evaluate the role of these bacteria in alcohol metabolism. Through in vitro and in vivo studies, these strains were assessed for their ability to reduce blood alcohol concentrations and protect against alcohol-induced liver damage. The results indicated that these LAB strains possess significant ethanol tolerance and elevate ADH and ALDH activities. LAB administration remarkably reduced blood alcohol levels in rats after excessive alcohol consumption. Moreover, the LAB strains showed hepatoprotective effects and enhanced behavioral outcomes, highlighting their potential as probiotics for counteracting the adverse effects of alcohol consumption. These findings support the development of functional foods incorporating LAB strains that can mediate behavioral improvements following alcohol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misun Yun
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Eun Jo
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Namhee Kim
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Kyeong Park
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seo Jang
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Hee Choi
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
- Division of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Eun Jo
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
- Division of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ji Ye Mok
- Pharmsville Co., Ltd., Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Park
- Pharmsville Co., Ltd., Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Jong Choi
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
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8
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van den Bulck FAE, Knijff R, Crutzen R, van de Mheen D, Bovens RHLM, Stutterheim SE, Van de Goor I, Rozema AD. Professionals' perspectives on interventions to reduce problematic alcohol use in older adults: a realist evaluation of working elements. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e077851. [PMID: 38626971 PMCID: PMC11029254 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study set out to understand how (which elements), in what context and why (which mechanisms) interventions are successful in reducing (problematic) alcohol use among older adults, from the perspective of professionals providing these interventions. DESIGN Guided by a realist evaluation approach, an existing initial programme theory (IPT) on working elements in alcohol interventions was evaluated by conducting semistructured interviews with professionals. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS These professionals (N=20) provide interventions across several contexts: with or without practitioner involvement; in-person or not and in an individual or group setting. Data were coded and links between contexts, elements, mechanisms and outcomes were sought for to confirm, refute or refine the IPT. RESULTS From the perspective of professionals, there are several general working elements in interventions for older adults: (1) pointing out risks and consequences of drinking behaviour; (2) paying attention to abstinence; (3) promoting contact with peers; (4) providing personalised content and (5) providing support. We also found context-specific working elements: (1) providing personalised conversations and motivational interviewing with practitioners; (2) ensuring safety, trust and a sense of connection and a location nearby home or a location that people are familiar with in person and (3) sharing experiences and tips in group interventions. Furthermore, the mechanisms awareness and accessible and low threshold participation were important contributors to positive intervention outcomes. CONCLUSION In addition to the IPT, our findings emphasise the need for social contact and support, personalised content, and strong relationships (both between client and practitioner, and client and peers) in interventions for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fieke A E van den Bulck
- Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Rikste Knijff
- Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Rik Crutzen
- Department of Health Promotion, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dike van de Mheen
- Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Rob H L M Bovens
- Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Positive Lifestyle Foundation, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah E Stutterheim
- Department of Health Promotion, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ien Van de Goor
- Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea D Rozema
- Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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9
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McCullar KS, Barker DH, McGeary JE, Saletin JM, Gredvig-Ardito C, Swift RM, Carskadon MA. Altered sleep architecture following consecutive nights of presleep alcohol. Sleep 2024; 47:zsae003. [PMID: 38205895 PMCID: PMC11009025 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Alcohol consumption before sleep decreases sleep latency, explaining the common use of alcohol as a sleep aid. The full impact of alcohol on sleep architecture is not well understood, particularly the potential cumulative effects of presleep alcohol consumption across consecutive nights. Here, we describe the effects of presleep alcohol on sleep architecture across three consecutive nights. METHODS Thirty adult participants took part in a crossover, within-participants study consisting of two sets of three consecutive nights of in-lab polysomnography. For each series of nights, participants drank one of the two beverages: a mixer only or a mixer plus alcohol (targeting a BrAC of 0.08 mg/L), ending 1 hour before lights out. Polysomnography (PSG) was used to stage sleep, and standard sleep variables were extracted. Linear mixed-effect analysis and generalized additive modeling were used to examine the effect of alcohol on sleep architecture. RESULTS Alcohol before sleep increased the rate of slow wave sleep (SWS) accumulation across all three nights and decreased the rate of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep accumulation at the start of each night. Alcohol also decreased the total amount of REM sleep but did not affect the total amount of SWS each night. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that drinking alcohol before sleep substantially affects sleep architecture, including changes to the rate of accumulation of SWS and REM sleep. We show that alcohol disrupts normal sleep architecture, leading to a significant decrease in REM sleep; thus, the use of alcohol as a sleep aid remains a public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie S McCullar
- Neuroscience Department, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Sleep Research Laboratory, E.P. Bradley Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - David H Barker
- Sleep Research Laboratory, E.P. Bradley Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John E McGeary
- Providence VA Medical Center, Providence , RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jared M Saletin
- Sleep Research Laboratory, E.P. Bradley Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Robert M Swift
- Providence VA Medical Center, Providence , RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mary A Carskadon
- Sleep Research Laboratory, E.P. Bradley Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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10
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Yang C, Yang Y, Hu X, Tang Q, Zhang J, Zhang P, Lu X, Xu J, Li S, Dong Z, Zhu L, Wang L. Loss of GCN5L1 exacerbates damage in alcoholic liver disease through ferroptosis activation. Liver Int 2024. [PMID: 38597373 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Iron overload, oxidative stress and ferroptosis are associated with liver injury in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), however, the crosstalk among these regulatory pathways in ALD development is unclear. METHODS ALD mouse model and general control of amino acid synthesis 5 like 1 (GCN5L1) liver knockout mice were generated to investigate the role of GCN5L1 in ALD development. Proteomic screening tests were performed to identify the key factors mediating GCN5L1 loss-induced ALD. RESULTS Gene Expression Omnibus data set analysis indicates that GCN5L1 expression is negatively associated with ALD progression. GCN5L1 hepatic knockout mice develop severe liver injury and lipid accumulation when fed an alcohol diet. Screening tests identified that GCN5L1 targeted the mitochondrial iron transporter CISD1 to regulate mitochondrial iron homeostasis in ethanol-induced ferroptosis. GCN5L1-modulated CISD1 acetylation and activity were crucial for iron accumulation and ferroptosis in response to alcohol exposure. CONCLUSION Pharmaceutical modulation of CISD1 activity is critical for cellular iron homeostasis and ethanol-induced ferroptosis. The GCN5L1/CISD1 axis is crucial for oxidative stress and ethanol-induced ferroptosis in ALD and is a promising avenue for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Centre for Medical Epigenetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Centre for Medical Epigenetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuya Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Major Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiqi Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Centre for Medical Epigenetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Major Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Major Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Major Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Centre for Medical Epigenetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sai Li
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Centre for Medical Epigenetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhengni Dong
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Centre for Medical Epigenetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingdi Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Major Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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11
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Chapp AD, Nwakama CA, Collins AR, Mermelstein PG, Thomas MJ. Physiological acetic acid concentrations from ethanol metabolism stimulate accumbens shell medium spiny neurons via NMDAR activation in a sex-dependent manner. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:885-892. [PMID: 37845488 PMCID: PMC10948831 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01752-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have implicated the ethanol metabolite, acetic acid, as neuroactive, perhaps even more so than ethanol itself. In this study, we investigated sex-specific metabolism of ethanol (1, 2, and 4 g/kg) to acetic acid in vivo to guide electrophysiology experiments in the accumbens shell (NAcSh), a key node in the mammalian reward circuit. There was a sex-dependent difference in serum acetate production, quantified via ion chromatography only at the lowest dose of ethanol (males > females). Ex vivo electrophysiology recordings of NAcSh medium spiny neurons (MSN) in brain slices demonstrated that physiological concentrations of acetic acid (2 mM and 4 mM) increased NAcSh MSN excitability in both sexes. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists, AP5 and memantine, robustly attenuated the acetic acid-induced increase in excitability. Acetic acid-induced NMDAR-dependent inward currents were greater in females compared to males and were not estrous cycle dependent. These findings suggest a novel NMDAR-dependent mechanism by which the ethanol metabolite, acetic acid, may influence neurophysiological effects in a key reward circuit in the brain from ethanol consumption. Furthermore, these findings also highlight a specific sex-dependent sensitivity in females to acetic acid-NMDAR interactions. This may underlie their more rapid advancement to alcohol use disorder and increased risk of alcohol related neurodegeneration compared to males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Chapp
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55445, USA
| | - Chinonso A Nwakama
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55445, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Andréa R Collins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco Fresno, Fresno, CA, 93701, USA
| | - Paul G Mermelstein
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55445, USA.
- Center for Neural Circuits in Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Mark J Thomas
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55445, USA.
- Center for Neural Circuits in Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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12
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Wang Z, Li G, Liu X. Identification of Corn Peptides with Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activating Activity Absorbed by Caco-2 Cell Monolayers. Molecules 2024; 29:1523. [PMID: 38611803 PMCID: PMC11013139 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) plays a pivotal role in constraining alcohol metabolism. Assessing the ADH-activating activity in vitro can provide insight into the capacity to accelerate ethanol metabolism in vivo. In this study, ADH-activating peptides were prepared from corn protein meal (CGM) using enzymatic hydrolysis, and these peptides were subsequently identified following simulated gastrointestinal digestion and their absorption through the Caco-2 cell monolayer membrane. The current investigation revealed that corn protein hydrolysate hydrolyzed using alcalase exhibited the highest ADH activation capability, maintaining an ADH activation rate of 52.93 ± 2.07% following simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro. After absorption through the Caco-2 cell monolayer membrane, ADH-activating peptides were identified. Among them, SSNCQPF, TGCPVLQ, and QPQQPW were validated to possess strong ADH activation activity, with EC50 values of 1.35 ± 0.22 mM, 2.26 ± 0.16 mM, and 2.73 ± 0.13 mM, respectively. Molecular Docking revealed that the activation of ADH occurred via the formation of a stable complex between the peptide and the active center of ADH by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. The results of this study also suggest that corn protein hydrolysate could be a novel functional dietary element that helps protects the liver from damage caused by alcohol and aids in alcohol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China;
- Key Laboratory of Corn Deep Processing Theory and Technology of Heilongjiang Province, College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China;
| | - Guanlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Corn Deep Processing Theory and Technology of Heilongjiang Province, College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China;
| | - Xiaolan Liu
- College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China;
- Key Laboratory of Corn Deep Processing Theory and Technology of Heilongjiang Province, College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China;
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13
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Kuo CH, Wu LL, Chen HP, Yu J, Wu CY. Direct effects of alcohol on gut-epithelial barrier: Unraveling the disruption of physical and chemical barrier of the gut-epithelial barrier that compromises the host-microbiota interface upon alcohol exposure. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024. [PMID: 38509796 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The development of alcohol-associated diseases is multifactorial, mechanism of which involves metabolic alteration, dysregulated immune response, and a perturbed intestinal host-environment interface. Emerging evidence has pinpointed the critical role of the intestinal host-microbiota interaction in alcohol-induced injuries, suggesting its contribution to disease initiation and development. To maintain homeostasis in the gut, the intestinal mucosa serves as the first-line defense against exogenous factors in the gastrointestinal tract, including dietary contents and the commensal microbiota. The gut-epithelial barrier comprises a physical barrier lined with a single layer of intestinal epithelial cells and a chemical barrier with mucus trapping host regulatory factors and gut commensal bacteria. In this article, we review recent studies pertaining to the disrupted gut-epithelial barrier upon alcohol exposure and examine how alcohol and its metabolism can affect the regulatory ability of intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hao Kuo
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ling Wu
- Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Health Innovation Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Microbiota Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ping Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Translational Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Ying Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Health Innovation Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Microbiota Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Translational Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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de Bejczy A. Phosphatidylethanol (B-PEth) and other direct and indirect biomarkers of alcohol consumption. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 175:313-344. [PMID: 38555120 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
When identifying, preventing and treating alcohol use disorder, a correct estimation of alcohol intake is essential. An objective marker is preferred as self-reported alcohol intake suffers from bias, and the use of alcohol biomarkers is increasing globally. An easy-to-use blood biomarker to correctly assess alcohol consumption is an invaluable asset in alcohol treatment strategies, as well as in alcohol research studies. The specific, cumulative, biomarker phosphatidylethanol, mirroring the past two weeks of consumption, has shown superiority over traditional biomarkers and is an attractive choice of proxy for alcohol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bejczy
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Addiction and Dependency, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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15
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Xiong SY, Wu GS, Li C, Ma W, Luo HR. Clinical efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1358063. [PMID: 38533380 PMCID: PMC10964906 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1358063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a liver damage disease caused by long-term heavy drinking. Currently, there is no targeted pharmaceutical intervention available for the treatment of this disease. To address this, this paper evaluates the efficacy and safety of probiotic preparation in treating ALD through conducting a meta-analysis, and provides a valuable insight for clinical decision-making. Methods A systematic search was conducted across databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, and CBM from the inception dates to October 15, 2023, to identify clinical randomized controlled trials on probiotic preparations in the treatment of ALD. After the literature underwent screening, data extraction, and quality assessment, RevMan 5.3 and Stata 14.2 were employed for data analysis and processing. Results A total of 9 randomized controlled trials fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The results of the meta-analysis showed that probiotic preparation could significantly improve the liver function of patients with alcoholic liver disease compared with the control group. Probiotic intervention led to a significant reduction in the levels of alanine aminotransferase (MD=-13.36,95%CI:-15.80,-10.91;P<0.00001),aspartate aminotransferase (MD=-16.99,95%CI:-20.38,-13.59;P<0.00001),γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (MD=-18.79,95% CI:-28.23,-9.34; P<0.0001). Concurrently, the level of serum albumin (MD=0.19,95% CI:0.02,0.36;P=0.03) was increased. Furthermore, probiotic intervention could also modulate the composition of intestinal flora in patients with alcoholic liver disease, leading to an augmentation in Bifidobacteria and a reduction in Escherichia coli. However, in patients with alcoholic liver disease, probiotic intervention showed no significant effects on total bilirubin (MD=-0.01,95% CI:-0.17,0.15;P=0.91), tumor necrosis factor-α (MD=0.03,95% CI:-0.86,0.92;P=0.94) and interleukin-6 (MD=-5.3,95% CI:-16.04,5.45;P=0.33). Conclusion The meta-analysis indicates that probiotics can improve liver function in alcoholic liver disease, reduce inflammatory responses, regulate intestinal flora, which have potential value in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023472527.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ying Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Department, Yibin Sixth People’s Hospital, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Gui-Sheng Wu
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Chun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wenzhe Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Huai-Rong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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16
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Giuliani G, Longo VD. Ketone bodies in cell physiology and cancer. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C948-C963. [PMID: 38189128 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00441.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Ketogenic diets (KDs), fasting, or prolonged physical activity elevate serum ketone bodies (KBs) levels, providing an alternative fuel source for the brain and other organs. However, KBs play pleiotropic roles that go beyond their role in energy production. KBs can act as signaling metabolites, influence gene expression, proteins' posttranslational modifications (PTMs), inflammation, and oxidative stress. Here, we explore the impact of KBs on mammalian cell physiology, including aging and tissue regeneration. We also concentrate on KBs and cancer, given the extensive evidence that dietary approaches inducing ketosis, including fasting-mimicking diets (FMDs) and KDs, can prevent cancer and affect tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Giuliani
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Valter D Longo
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
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17
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Cho S, Jeong J, Shin S. Effect of alcohol consumption on risk of hypertension based on alcohol-related facial flushing response: From the health examinees study. Alcohol 2024:S0741-8329(24)00036-3. [PMID: 38432421 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is a significant public health concern in Korea, with many individuals engaging in risky drinking behaviors. This study aims to analyze the association between facial flushing responses and the progression of hypertension in Korean adults, stratified by gender, using a large-scale prospective cohort study. METHODS This study included 39,868 participants (males 10,868 and females 29,000) from the health examinees cohort. Participants were divided into two groups according to their weekly drinking patterns (moderate and heavy) and facial flushing responses (non-flusher and flusher) for statistical analysis. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals between flushing response after alcohol consumption and hypertension risk. RESULTS In males, the flusher group with a moderate alcohol intake pattern had a decreased risk of incident hypertension compared with non-flushers. In females, the flusher group had relatively higher risk of pre-hypertension and hypertension compared to the non-flusher group. CONCLUSION The association between facial flushing and hypertension varies depending on the level of alcohol consumption and should be considered in relation to gender differences. Further research is needed to understand the relationship between facial flushing response and the risk of hypertension based on alcohol consumption levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongyeon Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Jeong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangah Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Sekine A, Nakajima K. Moderate-to-Heavy Alcohol Consumption May Cause a Significant Decrease in Serum High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Middle-Aged Women: A Cohort Study of the National Database Study in the Kanto 7 Prefectures-4. Cureus 2024; 16:e55467. [PMID: 38571845 PMCID: PMC10988562 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims Little is known about the association between habitual alcohol consumption and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in women. We aimed to investigate this association in middle-aged Japanese women in a community-based cohort study using conventional statistical analyses and explainable artificial intelligence (AI) analysis. Methods We retrospectively investigated the association between alcohol consumption and HDL-C after 10 years in 90,053 women aged 40-64 years whose drinking habits were generally consistent for 10 years. Results After 10 years, 11.3% and 17.9% of subjects had serum HDL-C decreased by ≥10 mg/dL and ≥10%, respectively. In unadjusted analysis, moderate-to-heavy alcohol consumption may both increase and decrease serum HDL-C levels after 10 years. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, moderate (23-45 g/day) and heavy (≥46 g/day) alcohol consumption were each significantly associated with decreases in HDL-C (OR (95% CI): 1.18 and 1.36 (1.11-1.26 and 1.21-1.53) for ≥10 mg/dL, 1.11 and 1.29 (1.05-1.17 and 1.17-1.43) for ≥10%), but not associated with an increase in HDL-C (0.96 and 0.98 (0.91-1.01 and 0.89-1.08) for ≥10 mg/dL, 0.97 and 0.96 (0.93-1.01 and 0.88-1.05) for ≥10%). Further analysis after adjustment for baseline serum HDL-C showed the same results. AI analysis showed that alcohol consumption was the 8th positive contributor to the decrease in HDL-C, following baseline high HDL-C (≥77 mg/dL), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (≥133 mg/dL), high body mass index (≥23.1 kg/m2), pharmacotherapy for dyslipidemia, high triglycerides (≥70 mg/dL), age 44-64 years, and smoking. Heavy alcohol consumption was a more positive contributor to decreased HDL-C than were other alcohol consumption levels. Conclusions Habitual moderate-to-heavy alcohol consumption may cause a significant decrease in serum HDL-C in middle-aged women, which may be modified by concomitant factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airi Sekine
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Japan Women's University, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Kei Nakajima
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Japan Women's University, Tokyo, JPN
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, JPN
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Yan T, Zhang Y, Lu H, Zhao J, Wen C, Song S, Ai C, Yang J. The protective effect of Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharide on alcoholic liver injury in C57BL/6 mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129908. [PMID: 38320642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
An alcohol-induced liver injury model was induced in C57BL/6 mice to assess the protective efficacy of Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharides (EP) against liver damage. Histological alterations in the liver were examined following hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. Biochemical assay kits and ELISA kits were employed to analyze serum and liver biochemical parameters, as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes and alcohol metabolism-related enzymes. The presence of oxidative stress-related proteins in the liver was detected using western blotting. Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry were used to profile serum metabolites in mice. The findings demonstrated that EP-H (100 mg/Kg) reduced serum ALT and AST activity by 2.31-fold and 2.32-fold, respectively, when compared to the alcohol-induced liver injury group. H&E staining revealed a significant attenuation of microvesicular steatosis and ballooning pathology in the EP-H group compared to the model group. EP administration was found to enhance alcohol metabolism by regulating metabolite-related enzymes (ADH and ALDH) and decreasing CYP2E1 expression. EP also modulated the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway to bolster hepatic antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, EP restored the levels of lipid metabolites (Glycine, Butanoyl-CoA, and Acetyl-CoA) to normalcy. In summary, EP confers protection to the liver through the regulation of antioxidant activity and lipid metabolites in the murine liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yan
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Hengyu Lu
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Chengrong Wen
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Shuang Song
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Chunqing Ai
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jingfeng Yang
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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20
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Tan Y, Wang Y, Wan Y, Liang Y, Liu Q, Wei M, Hou T. Preparation, Structural Identification, and Screening of Egg-Derived Peptides with Facilitating Alcohol Metabolism Activity. Foods 2024; 13:745. [PMID: 38472859 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to obtain egg-derived peptides with facilitating alcohol metabolism (EPs) by enzymolysis, to identify their structures, and screen small polypeptides with higher activity by molecular docking. The optimum conditions for preparing EPs with facilitating alcohol metabolism were obtained by a single factor experiment, adding 2% Protamex and performing enzymolysis for 3 h with a liquid-material ratio of 35:1. The dose-response relationship experiment showed that 800 mg/kg·bw EPs played a better role in facilitating alcohol metabolism. EPs contained 40% hydrophobic amino acids (HAA), including 9.24% Leu. Eighty-four peptides were identified by HPLC-MS/MS and four peptides with potential activation of alcohol dehydrogenase were further selected by molecular docking. The tetrapeptide Trp-Ile-Val-Asp (WIVD) with the highest binding energy reached -7.16 kcal/mol. These findings suggest that egg is a good source for the preparation of peptides with facilitating alcohol metabolism activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Tan
- Key Laboratory of Egg Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430000, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Egg Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Yuan Wan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiaocui Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mengya Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Hou
- Key Laboratory of Egg Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430000, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430000, China
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21
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Trius-Soler M, Mukamal KJ, Guasch-Ferré M. High-density lipoprotein functionality, cardiovascular health, and patterns of alcohol consumption: new insights and future perspectives. Curr Opin Lipidol 2024; 35:25-32. [PMID: 37788374 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) pose a significant public health challenge, contributing to 422 million disability-adjusted life years in 2021. The role of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and alcohol consumption, one of their major modifiable determinants, remains controversial. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive narrative overview of HDL functionality and its predictive value for CVD in relation to patterns of alcohol consumption. RECENT FINDINGS HDL phenotypes beyond HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c) such as distribution of HDL subspecies, HDL particle abundance, and reverse cholesterol transport capacity are promising indicators of atherosclerotic CVD risk. Low-to-moderate alcohol consumption seems to improve HDL functionality and reduce the incidence of CVD among primarily middle-aged men and postmenopausal women. Advancements in our understanding of HDL biogenesis, structure, and function hold promise for improving HDL-related measures and their predictive value for cardiovascular health. SUMMARY Low-to-moderate alcohol consumption appears to not only increase HDL-c concentration found in the HDL fraction of plasma but also enhance HDL functionality, providing insights into the underlying mechanisms linking alcohol exposure and cardiovascular health benefits. However, rigorous, well designed intervention trials of alcohol consumption on hard cardiovascular outcomes are needed to identify robust causal associations of HDL phenotypes and alcohol consumption with cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Trius-Soler
- Department of Public Health and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Brookline
| | - Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Department of Public Health and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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22
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Li X, Shi Z, Todaro DR, Pond T, Byanyima JI, Vesslee SA, Reddy R, Nanga RPR, Kass G, Ramchandani V, Kranzler HR, Vendruscolo JCM, Vendruscolo LF, Wiers CE. Ketone Supplementation Dampens Subjective and Objective Responses to Alcohol: Evidence From a Preclinical Rat Study and a Randomized, Cross-Over Trial in Healthy Volunteers. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2024; 27:pyae009. [PMID: 38315678 PMCID: PMC10901540 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous preclinical and human studies have shown that a high-fat ketogenic diet and ketone supplements (KS) are efficacious in reducing alcohol craving, alcohol consumption, and signs of alcohol withdrawal. However, the effects of KS on alcohol sensitivity are unknown. METHODS In this single-blind, cross-over study, 10 healthy participants (3 females) were administered a single, oral dose of a KS (25 g of ketones from D-β-hydroxybutyric acid and R-1,3-butanediol) or placebo 30 minutes before an oral alcohol dose (0.25 g/kg for women; 0.31 g/kg for men). Assessments of breath alcohol concentration and blood alcohol levels (BAL) and responses on the Drug Effect Questionnaire were repeatedly obtained over 180 minutes after alcohol consumption. In a parallel preclinical study, 8 Wistar rats (4 females) received an oral gavage of KS (0.42 g ketones/kg), water, or the sweetener allulose (0.58 g/kg) followed 15 minutes later by an oral alcohol dose (0.8 g/kg). BAL was monitored for 240 minutes after alcohol exposure. RESULTS In humans, the intake of KS before alcohol significantly blunted breath alcohol concentration and BAL, reduced ratings of alcohol liking and wanting more, and increased disliking for alcohol. In rats, KS reduced BAL more than either allulose or water. CONCLUSION KS altered physiological and subjective responses to alcohol in both humans and rats, and the effects were likely not mediated by the sweetener allulose present in the KS drink. Therefore, KS could potentially reduce the intoxicating effects of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhenhao Shi
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dustin R Todaro
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Timothy Pond
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Juliana I Byanyima
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sianneh A Vesslee
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rishika Reddy
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ravi Prakash Reddy Nanga
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gabriel Kass
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vijay Ramchandani
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Leandro F Vendruscolo
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Corinde E Wiers
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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23
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Yarahmadi A, Afkhami H. The role of microbiomes in gastrointestinal cancers: new insights. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1344328. [PMID: 38361500 PMCID: PMC10867565 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1344328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers constitute more than 33% of new cancer cases worldwide and pose a considerable burden on public health. There exists a growing body of evidence that has systematically recorded an upward trajectory in GI malignancies within the last 5 to 10 years, thus presenting a formidable menace to the health of the human population. The perturbations in GI microbiota may have a noteworthy influence on the advancement of GI cancers; however, the precise mechanisms behind this association are still not comprehensively understood. Some bacteria have been observed to support cancer development, while others seem to provide a safeguard against it. Recent studies have indicated that alterations in the composition and abundance of microbiomes could be associated with the progression of various GI cancers, such as colorectal, gastric, hepatic, and esophageal cancers. Within this comprehensive analysis, we examine the significance of microbiomes, particularly those located in the intestines, in GI cancers. Furthermore, we explore the impact of microbiomes on various treatment modalities for GI cancer, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy. Additionally, we delve into the intricate mechanisms through which intestinal microbes influence the efficacy of GI cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Yarahmadi
- Department of Biology, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hamed Afkhami
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Shi M, Ahmedin NJ, Zong X, Yilmaz ӦH, Bishehsari F, Cao Y. Alcohol Drinking Without Meals Is Associated With Risk of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Including Early-Onset Cases. Gastroenterology 2024; 166:341-344.e5. [PMID: 37977310 PMCID: PMC10893978 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Shi
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nadia J Ahmedin
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; School of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Xiaoyu Zong
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ӧmer H Yilmaz
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Faraz Bishehsari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yin Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
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25
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Marley A, Bakali M, Simpson C. Effect of a moderate alcohol dose on physiological responses during rest and prolonged cycling. Alcohol Alcohol 2024; 59:agad079. [PMID: 37981293 PMCID: PMC10794168 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agad079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM We examined the acute effects of a moderate alcohol dose (48 g) ingested before prolonged cycling on acute physiological responses in eight healthy males (mean ± SD; 23 ± 2 years; 1.77 ± 0.04 m; 75.8 ± 4.1 kg). METHODS In a randomized order, euhydrated participants completed two experimental sessions with the sequence of 150-min seated at rest, 90-min of cycling at 50% of the maximal rate of oxygen consumption ($\dot{\textrm V}\textrm O$2max), 120-min seated at rest. Participants drank 250 mL of flavored squash with or without alcohol (vodka; ~16 g) at 10, 40, and 70 min of the initial resting phase, giving a cumulative fluid intake of 750 mL with 48 g of alcohol. Heart rate, blood glucose, breath alcohol concentration, and respiratory gasses were recorded throughout the entire trial with cumulative urine volume recorded during both rest phases. RESULTS Total carbohydrate (control = 115 ± 19 g: alcohol = 119 ± 21 g; P = 0.303) and lipid (control = 17 ± 4 g: alcohol = 20 ± 7 g; P = 0.169) oxidation was similar between conditions. Average heart rate was 7% higher in the alcohol condition (control = 111 ± 12 bpm; alcohol = 119 ± 11 bpm; P = 0.003). Blood glucose concentrations were similar between conditions during (P = 0.782) and after exercise (P = 0.247). Urine output was initially increased between conditions following alcohol ingestion before diminishing (P < 0.001) with no difference in total cumulative urine output (P = 0.331). CONCLUSION Consuming an alcoholic drink containing 48 g of alcohol in the hour before moderate intensity sub-maximal aerobic exercise led to detectable increases in heart rate and rate of urine production with no effect on substrate use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Marley
- School of Applied Sciences, Division of Sport and Exercise Science, Abertay University, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Marianna Bakali
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Charlie Simpson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
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26
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Mao J, Tan L, Tian C, Wang W, Zhang H, Zhu Z, Li Y. Research progress on rodent models and its mechanisms of liver injury. Life Sci 2024; 337:122343. [PMID: 38104860 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The liver is the most important organ for biological transformation in the body and is crucial for maintaining the body's vital activities. Liver injury is a serious pathological condition that is commonly found in many liver diseases. It has a high incidence rate, is difficult to cure, and is prone to recurrence. Liver injury can cause serious harm to the body, ranging from mild to severe fatty liver disease. If the condition continues to worsen, it can lead to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, ultimately resulting in liver failure or liver cancer, which can seriously endanger human life and health. Therefore, establishing an rodent model that mimics the pathogenesis and severity of clinical liver injury is of great significance for better understanding the pathogenesis of liver injury patients and developing more effective clinical treatment methods. The author of this article summarizes common chemical liver injury models, immune liver injury models, alcoholic liver injury models, drug-induced liver injury models, and systematically elaborates on the modeling methods, mechanisms of action, pathways of action, and advantages or disadvantages of each type of model. The aim of this study is to establish reliable rodent models for researchers to use in exploring anti-liver injury and hepatoprotective drugs. By creating more accurate theoretical frameworks, we hope to provide new insights into the treatment of clinical liver injury diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Mao
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400030, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lihong Tan
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400030, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of High Active Traditional Chinese Drug Delivery System, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Cheng Tian
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400030, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of High Active Traditional Chinese Drug Delivery System, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400030, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of High Active Traditional Chinese Drug Delivery System, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Zhaojing Zhu
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400030, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of High Active Traditional Chinese Drug Delivery System, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yan Li
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400030, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of High Active Traditional Chinese Drug Delivery System, Chongqing 400030, China.
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27
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LeFort KR, Rungratanawanich W, Song BJ. Contributing roles of mitochondrial dysfunction and hepatocyte apoptosis in liver diseases through oxidative stress, post-translational modifications, inflammation, and intestinal barrier dysfunction. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:34. [PMID: 38214802 PMCID: PMC10786752 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
This review provides an update on recent findings from basic, translational, and clinical studies on the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis of hepatocytes in multiple liver diseases, including but not limited to alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and drug-induced liver injury (DILI). While the ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450-2E1 (CYP2E1) is mainly responsible for oxidizing binge alcohol via the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system, it is also responsible for metabolizing many xenobiotics, including pollutants, chemicals, drugs, and specific diets abundant in n-6 fatty acids, into toxic metabolites in many organs, including the liver, causing pathological insults through organelles such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticula. Oxidative imbalances (oxidative stress) in mitochondria promote the covalent modifications of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids through enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms. Excessive changes stimulate various post-translational modifications (PTMs) of mitochondrial proteins, transcription factors, and histones. Increased PTMs of mitochondrial proteins inactivate many enzymes involved in the reduction of oxidative species, fatty acid metabolism, and mitophagy pathways, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, energy depletion, and apoptosis. Unique from other organelles, mitochondria control many signaling cascades involved in bioenergetics (fat metabolism), inflammation, and apoptosis/necrosis of hepatocytes. When mitochondrial homeostasis is shifted, these pathways become altered or shut down, likely contributing to the death of hepatocytes with activation of inflammation and hepatic stellate cells, causing liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. This review will encapsulate how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to hepatocyte apoptosis in several types of liver diseases in order to provide recommendations for targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karli R LeFort
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Wiramon Rungratanawanich
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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28
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Lehner T, Gao B, Mackowiak B. Alcohol metabolism in alcohol use disorder: a potential therapeutic target. Alcohol Alcohol 2024; 59:agad077. [PMID: 37950904 PMCID: PMC10783952 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agad077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethanol metabolism plays an essential role in how the body perceives and experiences alcohol consumption, and evidence suggests that modulation of ethanol metabolism can alter the risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD). In this review, we explore how ethanol metabolism, mainly via alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), contributes to drinking behaviors by integrating preclinical and clinical findings. We discuss how alcohol dehydrogenase and ALDH2 polymorphisms change the risk for AUD, and whether we can harness that knowledge to design interventions for AUD that alter ethanol metabolism. We detail the use of disulfiram, RNAi strategies, and kudzu/isoflavones to inhibit ALDH2 and increase acetaldehyde, ideally leading to decreases in drinking behavior. In addition, we cover recent preclinical evidence suggesting that strategies other than increasing acetaldehyde-mediated aversion can decrease ethanol consumption, providing other potential metabolism-centric therapeutic targets. However, modulating ethanol metabolism has inherent risks, and we point out some of the key areas in which more data are needed to mitigate these potential adverse effects. Finally, we present our opinions on the future of treating AUD by the modulation of ethanol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Lehner
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Bryan Mackowiak
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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29
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Rodríguez-Agudo R, González-Recio I, Serrano-Maciá M, Bravo M, Petrov P, Blaya D, Herranz JM, Mercado-Gómez M, Rejano-Gordillo CM, Lachiondo-Ortega S, Gil-Pitarch C, Azkargorta M, Van Liempd SM, Martinez-Cruz LA, Simão A, Elortza F, Martín C, Nevzorova YA, Cubero FJ, Delgado TC, Argemi J, Bataller R, Schoonjans K, Banales JM, Castro RE, Sancho-Bru P, Avila MA, Julve J, Jover R, Mabe J, Simon J, Goikoetxea-Usandizaga N, Martínez-Chantar ML. Anti-miR-873-5p improves alcohol-related liver disease by enhancing hepatic deacetylation via SIRT1. JHEP Rep 2024; 6:100918. [PMID: 38192540 PMCID: PMC10772393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Current therapies for the treatment of alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) have proven largely ineffective. Patients relapse and the disease progresses even after liver transplantation. Altered epigenetic mechanisms are characteristic of alcohol metabolism given excessive acetate and NAD depletion and play an important role in liver injury. In this regard, novel therapeutic approaches based on epigenetic modulators are increasingly proposed. MicroRNAs, epigenetic modulators acting at the post-transcriptional level, appear to be promising new targets for the treatment of ALD. Methods MiR-873-5p levels were measured in 23 liver tissue from Patients with ALD, and GNMT levels during ALD were confirmed using expression databases (transcriptome n = 62, proteome n = 68). High-resolution proteomics and metabolomics in mice following the Gao-binge model were used to investigate miR-873-5p expression in ALD. Hepatocytes exposed to 50 mM alcohol for 12 h were used to study toxicity. The effect of anti-miR-873-5p in the treatment outcomes of ALD was investigated. Results The analysis of human and preclinical ALD samples revealed increased expression of miR-873-5p in the liver. Interestingly, there was an inverse correlation with NNMT, suggesting a novel mechanism for NAD depletion and aberrant acetylation during ALD progression. High-resolution proteomics and metabolomics identified miR-873-5p as a key regulator of NAD metabolism and SIRT1 deacetylase activity. Anti-miR-873-5p reduced NNMT activity, fuelled the NAD salvage pathway, restored the acetylome, and modulated the levels of NF-κB and FXR, two known SIRT1 substrates, thereby protecting the liver from apoptotic and inflammatory processes, and improving bile acid homeostasis. Conclusions These data indicate that targeting miR-873-5p, a repressor of GNMT previously associated with NAFLD and acetaminophen-induced liver failure. is a novel and attractive approach to treating alcohol-induced hepatoxicity. Impact and implications The role of miR-873-5p has not been explicitly examined in the progression of ALD, a pathology with no therapeutic options. In this study, inhibiting miR-873-5p exerted hepatoprotective effects against ALD through rescued SIRT1 activity and consequently restored bile acid homeostasis and attenuated the inflammatory response. Targeting hepatic miR-873-5p may represent a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Rodríguez-Agudo
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene González-Recio
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Serrano-Maciá
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miren Bravo
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Petar Petrov
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Experimental Hepatology Joint Research Unit, IIS Hospital La Fe and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Delia Blaya
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Liver Cell Plasticity and Tissue Repair Lab, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose María Herranz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra-IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Mercado-Gómez
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia María Rejano-Gordillo
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Lachiondo-Ortega
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clàudia Gil-Pitarch
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Proteomics Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Sebastiaan Martijn Van Liempd
- Metabolomics Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Luis Alfonso Martinez-Cruz
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - A.L. Simão
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Félix Elortza
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Proteomics Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - César Martín
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Yulia A. Nevzorova
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT Complutense University School of Medicine Madrid Spain, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Francisco Javier Cubero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT Complutense University School of Medicine Madrid Spain, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa C. Delgado
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josepmaria Argemi
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra-IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ramón Bataller
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jesús M. Banales
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Ikerbasque, San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rui E. Castro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pau Sancho-Bru
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Liver Cell Plasticity and Tissue Repair Lab, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matías A. Avila
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Hepatology Program, Cima-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramiro Jover
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Experimental Hepatology Joint Research Unit, IIS Hospital La Fe and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jon Mabe
- Business Department, IK4-Tekniker, Eibar, Spain
| | - Jorge Simon
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Naroa Goikoetxea-Usandizaga
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - María L. Martínez-Chantar
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
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LeFort KR, Rungratanawanich W, Song BJ. Melatonin Prevents Alcohol- and Metabolic Dysfunction- Associated Steatotic Liver Disease by Mitigating Gut Dysbiosis, Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, and Endotoxemia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:43. [PMID: 38247468 PMCID: PMC10812487 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) has often been used to support good sleep quality, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, as many have suffered from stress-related disrupted sleep patterns. It is less known that MT is an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory compound, and modulator of gut barrier dysfunction, which plays a significant role in many disease states. Furthermore, MT is produced at 400-500 times greater concentrations in intestinal enterochromaffin cells, supporting the role of MT in maintaining the functions of the intestines and gut-organ axes. Given this information, the focus of this article is to review the functions of MT and the molecular mechanisms by which it prevents alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), including its metabolism and interactions with mitochondria to exert its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in the gut-liver axis. We detail various mechanisms by which MT acts as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory compound, and modulator of intestinal barrier function to prevent the progression of ALD and MASLD via the gut-liver axis, with a focus on how these conditions are modeled in animal studies. Using the mechanisms of MT prevention and animal studies described, we suggest behavioral modifications and several exogenous sources of MT, including food and supplements. Further clinical research should be performed to develop the field of MT in preventing the progression of liver diseases via the gut-liver axis, so we mention a few considerations regarding MT supplementation in the context of clinical trials in order to advance this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karli R. LeFort
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | | | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
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Sagaram M, Frimodig J, Jayanty D, Hu H, Royer AJ, Bruner R, Kong M, Schwandt ML, Vatsalya V. One-month assessment of Th-cell axis related inflammatory cytokines, IL-17 and IL-22 and their role in alcohol-associated liver disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1202267. [PMID: 38162671 PMCID: PMC10755956 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1202267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Changes in the expression of cyto- and chemokines due to alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) have been reported to be both protective and pathogenic. This study examined plasma levels of two key cytokines, Il-17 and Il-22, which construct the proinflammatory vs. anti-inflammatory axes across the spectrum of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and ALD including alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) to determine the underlying status of the inflammation. Methods Forty-two males and females aged 25-63 yrs. were grouped as healthy controls (HV[n=8]), AUD with no liver injury (AUDNLI [n=8]), AUD with liver injury (AUDLI [n=8]), non-severe alcohol-associated hepatitis (NSAH [n=9]), and severe alcohol-associated hepatitis (SAH [n=9]). Demographic, drinking, and clinical data were collected. Blood samples were collected at baseline (BL, all subjects) and during week 4 (W4, only patients) for IL-17 and IL-22; and statistically analyzed. Results IL-17 was highly elevated in the SAH group both at BL and post-SOC. LTDH and BL IL-22 in non-severe AH patients were associated significantly. LTDH significantly predicted W4 IL-22 levels, positively (increasing) in NSAH and inversely (lowering) in SAH patients. BL and W4 IL-22 levels were significantly higher (4-fold, p≤0.001) in all AH patients compared to all AUD patients (AUROC=0.988, p≤0.001). IL-22 showed significant affinity with AST, AST: ALT ratio, total bilirubin, INR, and PT both at BL and W4. IL-22 was inversely associated with IL-1β; and positively with TNF-α and IL-8 both at BL, and W4. BL IL-17 showed a positive correlation with MELD (p=0.017) in all AH patients. In SAH, > 2-fold W4 IL-17 level compared to BL showed significant within subjects' effects, p=0.006. In AUD patients without AH, the drop in IL-17 at W4 vs. BL showed a significant within subjects' effect, p=0.031. Discussion Drinking chronicity predicted opposite effects in IL-22 levels in NSAH (antiinflammatory) and SAH (pro-inflammatory) patients at post-SOC. BL IL-22 levels differentiated AH patients robustly from the AUD patients (with or without liver injury); and showed corresponding increases stepwise with the stages of ALD. IL-22 was closely associated with progression and injury markers of the liver; and response to the cytokines of pro-inflammatory nature. Pro-inflammatory indicator of IL-17 cell axis, IL-17 showed a strong positive association with MELD, a severity indicator of AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasa Sagaram
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, United States
- Clinical Laboratory for Intervention Development of AUD and Organ Severity, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Jane Frimodig
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Danielle Jayanty
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Clinical Laboratory for Intervention Development of AUD and Organ Severity, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Huirong Hu
- Clinical Laboratory for Intervention Development of AUD and Organ Severity, Louisville, KY, United States
- School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Amor J. Royer
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Clinical Laboratory for Intervention Development of AUD and Organ Severity, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Ryne Bruner
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Clinical Laboratory for Intervention Development of AUD and Organ Severity, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Maiying Kong
- School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Melanie L. Schwandt
- Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research (DICBR) National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vatsalya Vatsalya
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, United States
- Clinical Laboratory for Intervention Development of AUD and Organ Severity, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, United States
- Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research (DICBR) National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Zhang Y, Liu WQ, Li J. Constructing an artificial short route for cell-free biosynthesis of the phenethylisoquinoline scaffold. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2023; 8:610-617. [PMID: 37781172 PMCID: PMC10534260 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-originated natural products are important drug sources. However, total biosynthesis of these compounds is often not achievable due to their uncharacterized, lengthy biosynthetic pathways. In nature, phenethylisoquinoline alkaloids (PIAs) such as colchicine are biosynthesized via a common precursor 6,7-dihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenylethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (i.e., phenethylisoquinoline scaffold, PIAS). PIAS is naturally synthesized in plants by using two upstream substrates (l-phenylalanine and l-tyrosine) catalyzed by eight enzymes. To shorten this native pathway, here we designed an artificial route to synthesize PIAS with two enzymatic steps from two alternative substrates of 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propanol (4-HPP) and dopamine. In the two-step bioconversion, an alcohol dehydrogenase selected from yeast (i.e., ADH7) was able to oxidize its non-native alcohol substrate 4-HPP to form the corresponding aldehyde product, which was then condensed with dopamine by the (S)-norcoclaurine synthase (NCS) to synthesize PIAS. After optimization, the final enzymatic reaction system was successfully scaled up by 200 times from 50 μL to 10 mL, generating 5.4 mM of PIAS. We envision that this study will provide an easy and sustainable approach to produce PIAS and thus lay the foundation for large-scale production of PIAS-derived natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Wan-Qiu Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
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Abbas D, Ciricillo JA, Elom HA, Moon AM. Extrahepatic Health Effects of Alcohol Use and Alcohol-associated Liver Disease. Clin Ther 2023; 45:1201-1211. [PMID: 37806811 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a growing public health concern and an important contributor to global morbidity and mortality. While the hepatotoxic effects of alcohol are well known, the adverse effects of alcohol are manifested in almost every organ system. With the growing public health impact of AUD, the aim of this narrative review is to highlight the epidemiology and burden of AUD and its association with extrahepatic diseases including malignancy and disorders of the gastrointestinal (GI), cardiovascular, immunologic, neurologic, endocrine, and hematologic systems. METHODS A narrative review of the literature was performed to identify studies addressing the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and therapy of extrahepatic health manifestations of alcohol use. FINDINGS In the United States, an estimated 14.5 million people have AUD and approximately 88,000 adults die yearly due to alcohol-related causes. The consumption of alcohol and AUD is associated with injuries, violence, cancers, nonmalignant conditions of the GI system, infections, effects on the cardiovascular system, and neurodegenerative diseases. These conditions contribute to the increased mortality associated with AUD and are burdensome to patients and caregivers. IMPLICATIONS Increased awareness of the extrahepatic manifestations of AUD, screening for AUD using validated screening tools, such as the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Concise (AUDIT-C) score, and offering evidence-based interventions to patients with AUD is imperative to reduce the public health burden of AUD. Although historically controversial, recent evidence suggests that any level of alcohol consumption can have negative health consequences. Further research is warranted to determine if any amount of alcohol is safe for consumption. Public health efforts are warranted to help curtail the growing burden of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniyal Abbas
- Department of Internal Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Jacob A Ciricillo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medicine Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Hilary A Elom
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Andrew M Moon
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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Subramaniyan V, Lubau NSA, Mukerjee N, Kumarasamy V. Alcohol-induced liver injury in signalling pathways and curcumin's therapeutic potential. Toxicol Rep 2023; 11:355-367. [PMID: 37868808 PMCID: PMC10585641 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Confronting the profound public health concern of alcohol-induced liver damage calls for inventive therapeutic measures. The social, economic, and clinical ramifications are extensive and demand a comprehensive understanding. This thorough examination uncovers the complex relationship between alcohol intake and liver damage, with a special emphasis on the pivotal roles of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB p65 and CYP2E1/ROS/Nrf2 signalling networks. Different alcohol consumption patterns, determined by a myriad of factors, have significant implications for liver health, leading to a spectrum of adverse effects. The TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathway, a principal regulator of inflammation and immune responses, significantly contributes to various disease states when its balance is disrupted. Notably, the TLR4/MD-2-TNF-α pathway has been linked to non-alcohol related liver disease, while NF-κB activation is associated with alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD). The p65 subunit of NF-κB, primarily responsible for the release of inflammatory cytokines, hastens the progression of ALD. Breakthrough insights suggest that curcumin, a robust antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound sourced from turmeric, effectively disrupts the TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathway. This heralds a new approach to managing alcohol-induced liver damage. Initial clinical trials support curcumin's therapeutic potential, highlighting its ability to substantially reduce liver enzyme levels. The narrative surrounding alcohol-related liver injury is gradually becoming more intricate, intertwining complex signalling networks such as TLR4/NF-κB p65 and CYP2E1/ROS/Nrf2. The protective role of curcumin against alcohol-related liver damage marks the dawn of new treatment possibilities. However, the full realisation of this promising therapeutic potential necessitates rigorous future research to definitively understand these complex mechanisms and establish curcumin's effectiveness and safety in managing alcohol-related liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India
| | - Natasha Sura Anak Lubau
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary Collage, Kolkata, West Bengal 700118, India
- Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community and Educational Foundation, Australia
| | - Vinoth Kumarasamy
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Zillich L, Wagner J, McMahan RH, Park LM, Hodgkinson C, Kovacs EJ, Lohoff FW. Multi-omics analysis of alcohol effects on the liver in young and aged mice. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13342. [PMID: 38017640 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption has detrimental effects on the entire organism, especially on the liver. The toxicity is partly dependent on age, as older individuals metabolize alcohol more slowly leading to increased cellular injury. This study aimed to investigate the effects of moderate binge drinking on the liver of young and aged mice in a genome-wide multi-omics approach. We determined DNA methylation (DNAm) using the Illumina MouseMethylation array and gene expression by RNA sequencing in 18 female Balb/c mice in a 2 × 2 design. The animals underwent three moderate binge drinking cycles (ethanol vs. vehicle) and liver tissue was harvested at 4 or 19 months of age. We tested differential gene expression (DE) and DNAm associated with ethanol intake in linear models separately in young and aged mice, performed enrichment analyses for pathways and GWAS signatures of problematic alcohol use, and analysed the overlap of DNAm and gene expression. We observed DE in young and aged animals and substantial overlap in genes such as Bhlhe40, Klf10, and Frmd8. DE genes in aged animals were enriched for biological processes related to alcohol metabolism, inflammation, liver fibrosis, and GWAS signatures of problematic alcohol use. We identified overlapping signatures from DNAm and gene expression, for example, Frmd8 in aged and St6galnac4 in young mice. This study offers converging evidence of novel age-related targets in a moderate alcohol consumption model highlighting dysregulations in genes related to alcohol metabolism, inflammation, and liver fibrosis. Future studies are needed to confirm these results and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Zillich
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Josephin Wagner
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel H McMahan
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Alcohol Research Program, Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- GI and Liver Innate Immune Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lauren M Park
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Colin Hodgkinson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Alcohol Research Program, Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- GI and Liver Innate Immune Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Veterans Health Administration, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Falk W Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Lane O, Ambai V, Bakshi A, Potru S. Alcohol use disorder in the perioperative period: a summary and recommendations for anesthesiologists and pain physicians. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2023:rapm-2023-104354. [PMID: 38050177 DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2023-104354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder (AUD) increase the risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality. Aspiration, malnutrition, coagulopathies, seizures, and hemodynamic alterations are only a few of the major concerns related to acute alcohol intoxication and AUD. There are also numerous physiological effects, changes in medication metabolism and pharmacology, and adverse events related to chronic alcohol consumption. These are all important considerations for the anesthesiologist in the perioperative management of a patient with AUD. Pain perception and thresholds are altered in patients with acute and chronic alcohol use. Medications used to manage AUD symptoms, particularly naltrexone, can have significant perioperative implications. Patients on naltrexone who continue or stop this medication in the perioperative period are at an increased risk for undertreated pain or substance use relapse. This review highlights key considerations for the anesthesiologist and pain physician in the perioperative management of patients with active AUD (or those in recovery). It discusses the effects of acute and chronic alcohol use on pain perception and thresholds, provides guidance on the perioperative management of naltrexone and low-dose naltrexone, and reviews a multimodal approach to pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olabisi Lane
- Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Vats Ambai
- Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Arjun Bakshi
- Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sudheer Potru
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Tang L, Zhai H, Zhang S, Lv Y, Li Y, Wei S, Ma P, Wei S, Hu Y, Cai J. Functional Characterization of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in Fusarium graminearum. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2875. [PMID: 38138019 PMCID: PMC10745421 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), a common oxidoreductase in organisms, is an aldehyde scavenger involved in various metabolic processes. However, its function in different pathogenic fungi remains unknown. Fusarium graminearum causes Fusarium head blight in cereals, which reduces grain yield and quality and is an important global food security problem. To elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of F. graminearum, seven genes encoding ALDH were knocked out and then studied for their function. Single deletions of seven ALDH genes caused a decrease in spore production and weakened the pathogenicity. Furthermore, these deletions altered susceptibility to various abiotic stresses. FGSG_04194 is associated with a number of functions, including mycelial growth and development, stress sensitivity, pathogenicity, toxin production, and energy metabolism. FGSG_00139 and FGSG_11482 are involved in sporulation, pathogenicity, and SDH activity, while the other five genes are multifunctional. Notably, we found that FGSG_04194 has an inhibitory impact on ALDH activity, whereas FGSG_00979 has a positive impact. RNA sequencing and subcellular location analysis revealed that FGSG_04194 is responsible for biological process regulation, including glucose and lipid metabolism. Our results suggest that ALDH contributes to growth, stress responses, pathogenicity, deoxynivalenol synthesis, and mitochondrial energy metabolism in F. graminearum. Finally, ALDH presents a potential target and theoretical basis for fungicide development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huanchen Zhai
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.T.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (S.W.); (P.M.); (S.W.); (Y.H.); (J.C.)
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Su ZW, Yan TY, Feng J, Zhang MY, Han L, Zhang HF, Xiao Y. Protective Effects and Mechanism of Polysaccharides from Edible Medicinal Plants in Alcoholic Liver Injury: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16530. [PMID: 38003718 PMCID: PMC10671977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use accounts for a large variety of diseases, among which alcoholic liver injury (ALI) poses a serious threat to human health. In order to overcome the limitations of chemotherapeutic agents, some natural constituents, especially polysaccharides from edible medicinal plants (PEMPs), have been applied for the prevention and treatment of ALI. In this review, the protective effects of PEMPs on acute, subacute, subchronic, and chronic ALI are summarized. The pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury is analyzed. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) and safety of PEMPs are discussed. In addition, the mechanism underlying the hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharides from edible medicinal plants is explored. PEMPs with hepatoprotective activities mainly belong to the families Orchidaceae, Solanaceae, and Liliaceae. The possible mechanisms of PEMPs include activating enzymes related to alcohol metabolism, attenuating damage from oxidative stress, regulating cytokines, inhibiting the apoptosis of hepatocytes, improving mitochondrial function, and regulating the gut microbiota. Strategies for further research into the practical application of PEMPs for ALI are proposed. Future studies on the mechanism of action of PEMPs will need to focus more on the utilization of multi-omics approaches, such as proteomics, epigenomics, and lipidomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Wen Su
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Food and Health Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (Z.-W.S.)
- Academician and Expert Workstations in Puer City of Yunnan Province, Puer 665600, China
| | - Ting-Yu Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Food and Health Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (Z.-W.S.)
| | - Jing Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Food and Health Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (Z.-W.S.)
| | - Meng-Yuan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Food and Health Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (Z.-W.S.)
| | - Lei Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Food and Health Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (Z.-W.S.)
| | - Hua-Feng Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Food and Health Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (Z.-W.S.)
- Academician and Expert Workstations in Puer City of Yunnan Province, Puer 665600, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China
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Choi JJ, Koscik RL, Jonaitis EM, Panyard DJ, Morrow AR, Johnson SC, Engelman CD, Schmitz LL. Assessing the Biological Mechanisms Linking Smoking Behavior and Cognitive Function: A Mediation Analysis of Untargeted Metabolomics. Metabolites 2023; 13:1154. [PMID: 37999250 PMCID: PMC10673384 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Smoking is the most significant preventable health hazard in the modern world. It increases the risk of vascular problems, which are also risk factors for dementia. In addition, toxins in cigarettes increase oxidative stress and inflammation, which have both been linked to the development of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). This study identified potential mechanisms of the smoking-cognitive function relationship using metabolomics data from the longitudinal Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention (WRAP). (2) 1266 WRAP participants were included to assess the association between smoking status and four cognitive composite scores. Next, untargeted metabolomic data were used to assess the relationships between smoking and metabolites. Metabolites significantly associated with smoking were then tested for association with cognitive composite scores. Total effect models and mediation models were used to explore the role of metabolites in smoking-cognitive function pathways. (3) Plasma N-acetylneuraminate was associated with smoking status Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite 3 (PACC3) and Immediate Learning (IMM). N-acetylneuraminate mediated 12% of the smoking-PACC3 relationship and 13% of the smoking-IMM relationship. (4) These findings provide links between previous studies that can enhance our understanding of potential biological pathways between smoking and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome J. Choi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA; (J.J.C.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Rebecca L. Koscik
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA; (R.L.K.); (E.M.J.)
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Erin M. Jonaitis
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA; (R.L.K.); (E.M.J.)
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Daniel J. Panyard
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Autumn R. Morrow
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA; (J.J.C.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA; (R.L.K.); (E.M.J.)
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Middleton, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Corinne D. Engelman
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA; (J.J.C.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Lauren L. Schmitz
- La Follette School of Public Affairs, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
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Li Y, Wang M, Liu X, Rong J, Miller PE, Joehanes R, Huan T, Guo X, Rotter JI, Smith JA, Yu B, Nayor M, Levy D, Liu C, Ma J. Circulating metabolites may illustrate relationship of alcohol consumption with cardiovascular disease. BMC Med 2023; 21:443. [PMID: 37968697 PMCID: PMC10652547 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03149-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolite signatures of long-term alcohol consumption are lacking. To better understand the molecular basis linking alcohol drinking and cardiovascular disease (CVD), we investigated circulating metabolites associated with long-term alcohol consumption and examined whether these metabolites were associated with incident CVD. METHODS Cumulative average alcohol consumption (g/day) was derived from the total consumption of beer, wine, and liquor on average of 19 years in 2428 Framingham Heart Study Offspring participants (mean age 56 years, 52% women). We used linear mixed models to investigate the associations of alcohol consumption with 211 log-transformed plasma metabolites, adjusting for age, sex, batch, smoking, diet, physical activity, BMI, and familial relationship. Cox models were used to test the association of alcohol-related metabolite scores with fatal and nonfatal incident CVD (myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure). RESULTS We identified 60 metabolites associated with cumulative average alcohol consumption (p < 0.05/211 ≈ 0.00024). For example, 1 g/day increase of alcohol consumption was associated with higher levels of cholesteryl esters (e.g., CE 16:1, beta = 0.023 ± 0.002, p = 6.3e - 45) and phosphatidylcholine (e.g., PC 32:1, beta = 0.021 ± 0.002, p = 3.1e - 38). Survival analysis identified that 10 alcohol-associated metabolites were also associated with a differential CVD risk after adjusting for age, sex, and batch. Further, we built two alcohol consumption weighted metabolite scores using these 10 metabolites and showed that, with adjustment age, sex, batch, and common CVD risk factors, the two scores had comparable but opposite associations with incident CVD, hazard ratio 1.11 (95% CI = [1.02, 1.21], p = 0.02) vs 0.88 (95% CI = [0.78, 0.98], p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS We identified 60 long-term alcohol consumption-associated metabolites. The association analysis with incident CVD suggests a complex metabolic basis between alcohol consumption and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mengyao Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jian Rong
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Chobanian & Avedisian, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Roby Joehanes
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Tianxiao Huan
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew Nayor
- Sections of Cardiovascular Medicine and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jiantao Ma
- Nutrition Epidemiology and Data Science, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Patrick ME, Parks MJ, Peterson SJ. High-intensity drinking and hours spent drinking. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:2081-2089. [PMID: 38226758 PMCID: PMC10792248 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity drinking (HID) is associated with negative consequences, but it remains unclear whether a time qualifier (i.e., time spent drinking) is needed to identify individuals at highest risk. To improve the measurement and conceptualization of HID, we examined the utility of adding a time qualifier to define what constitutes an occasion of HID using repeated daily surveys in a sample of young adults. METHODS Participants were selected from a nationally representative sample of 12th-grade students in the United States who participated in the Monitoring the Future (MTF) study in Spring 2018. In 2019 and 2020, young adults (at modal ages 19-20) responded to annual and daily (14 consecutive days per year) online surveys about their alcohol use. RESULTS When we compared moderate drinking days (less than 4/5 drinks for women/men), binge drinking days (4-7/5-9 drinks), and HID days (8+/10+ drinks), HID days had the longest duration of drinking (5.2 h), highest peak estimated blood alcohol concentration (eBAC, 0.30%), and greatest drinking pace (2.58 drinks/h). HID was associated with a greater number of negative consequences than either moderate or binge drinking; adjusting for time spent drinking did not impact this interpretation. HID was reported on 10.9% of days; when defined as 8/10+ drinks in 4 h or 2 h, HID was reported on 4.8% and 1.0% of days, respectively. Nearly all differences in eBAC and negative consequences persisted across drinking intensity despite the introduction of time constraints. CONCLUSIONS HID days were characterized by both a longer time spent drinking and a more rapid pace of drinking. Adding a time qualifier to the definition of HID would restrict variability by only describing the minority of days and does not improve the distinctions among levels of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J. Parks
- Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation, Butler Center for Research
- University of Minnesota, Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement
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Adekomi DA, Olajide OJ, Adewale OO, Okesina AA, Fatoki JO, Falana BA, Adeniyi TD, Adegoke AA, Ojo WA, Alabi SO. D-ribose-L-cysteine exhibits neuroprotective activity through inhibition of oxido-behavioral dysfunctions and modulated activities of neurotransmitters in the cerebellum of Juvenile mice exposed to ethanol. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:746-756. [PMID: 35723231 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2088783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol exposure to the cerebellum has been known to trigger cerebellar dysfunctions through several mechanisms. This present study was designed to evaluate the repealing effect of D-ribose-L-cysteine (DRLC) on alcohol-induced cerebellar dysfunctions in juvenile BALB/c mice. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 10 per group). Mice were given oral administration of normal saline (control), DRLC (100 mg/kg, p.o), ethanol (0.2 mL of 10% w/v), or DRLC (100 mg/kg, p.o) + ethanol (0.2 mL of 10% w/v). On day 29 of the study (i.e., 24 h after the administration of the last respective doses), neurochemical quantification of the respective levels of serotonin and dopamine, lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in the cerebellar tissues of the mice were analyzed. Compared with the saline-treated group, the studied neurochemical indices were modulated across the various experimental groups. The administration of ethanol significantly modulates the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters (serotonin and dopamine) as well as contents of total antioxidants, activities of superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, with a concurrently increased level of lipid peroxidase in the cerebellar tissue of the mice. DRLC significantly reverses these effects in the DRLC + ethanol co-treated group. Combined exposure to DRLC + ethanol counteracts the deleterious effect of ethanol in the cerebellum of juvenile BALB/c mice via monoamine neurotransmitter, lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant status, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase action pathways. Therefore, DRLC could be a pharmacologic or therapeutic agent in attenuating the deleterious effects of alcohol on the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilare Adedayo Adekomi
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience and Cell Biology Unit, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Olamide Janet Olajide
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience and Cell Biology Unit, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Omowumi Oyeronke Adewale
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | | | - John Olabode Fatoki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Benedict Abiola Falana
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience and Cell Biology Unit, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Temidayo Daniel Adeniyi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Science, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Waliu Adetunji Ojo
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Nigeria
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Yu J, Lv Y, Yang P, Jiang Y, Qin X, Wang X. Alcohol increases treatment failure for Helicobacter pylori eradication in Asian populations. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:365. [PMID: 37880587 PMCID: PMC10599016 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-03002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Whether alcohol intake is associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication failure remains controversial, and this meta-analysis was aimed at investigating the effect of alcohol on the risk of H. pylori eradication failure. METHODS Relevant studies were systematically screened for and retrieved from PubMed and Web of Science (updated to January 2022), and relevant references were manually reviewed. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Subgroup, publication bias, and sensitivity analyses were also conducted. RESULTS A total of 40 studies were included in the meta-analysis. No significant association was found between alcohol consumption and the risk of H. pylori eradication failure (OR = 1.09, 95% CI, 0.94-1.26). However, in subgroup analyses stratified by region, a positive association was found in Asian patients (OR = 1.23, 95% CI, 1.03-1.47). In Asian patients, alcohol consumption was associated with the risk of H. pylori eradication failure when the duration of therapy was > 7 days (OR = 1.17, 95% CI, 1.10-1.25), when the treatment regimen included nitroimidazoles (OR = 1.16, 95% CI, 1.09-1.24), and when patients were treated with bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (OR = 1.17, 95% CI, 1.10-1.25). Alcohol intake > 40 g/day was associated with H. pylori eradication failure (OR = 3.17, 95% CI, 1.56-6.41). Moreover, in Asian patients who were administered a vonoprazan (VPZ)-based therapy regimen, alcohol consumption had no effect on H. pylori eradication rates (OR = 1.73, 95% CI, 0.98-3.05). CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis clearly showed that a higher daily alcohol intake was associated with a higher risk of H. pylori eradication failure in Asian populations. Moreover, a VPZ-based treatment regimen can prevent this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglong Lane, Tianning District, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu Province, China
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section of Lushun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yiming Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglong Lane, Tianning District, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglong Lane, Tianning District, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu Province, China
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section of Lushun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yizhou Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglong Lane, Tianning District, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiangrong Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglong Lane, Tianning District, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglong Lane, Tianning District, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Won YW, Kang JH, Kwon JH, Koo DH, Kang JH, Maeng CH, Ahn HK, Oh SY, Lee DW, Sohn J, Oh SY, Lee KH, Koh SJ, Lee KS, Kim CK, Kim JY, Ji JH, Kim SB, Ha JY, Kim HY. A Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study to Evaluate Ethanol-Induced Symptoms in Patients Receiving Docetaxel Chemotherapy. Cancer Res Treat 2023; 55:1096-1103. [PMID: 37054719 PMCID: PMC10582550 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2022.1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Several previous studies and case reports have reported ethanol-induced symptoms in patients receiving anticancer drugs containing ethanol. Most docetaxel formulations contain ethanol as a solvent. However, there are insufficient data on ethanol-induced symptoms when docetaxel-containing ethanol is administered. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency and pattern of ethanol-induced symptoms during and after docetaxel administration. The secondary purpose was to explore the risk factors for ethanol-induced symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a prospective, multicenter, observational study. The participants filled out ethanol-induced symptom questionnaire on the day of chemotherapy and the following day. RESULTS Data from 451 patients were analyzed. The overall occurrence rate of ethanol-induced symptoms was 44.3% (200/451 patients). The occurrence rate of facial flushing was highest at 19.7% (89/451 patients), followed by nausea in 18.2% (82/451 patients), and dizziness in 17.5% (79/451 patients). Although infrequent, unsteady walking and impaired balance occurred in 4.2% and 3.3% of patients, respectively. Female sex, presence of underlying disease, younger age, docetaxel dose, and docetaxel-containing ethanol amount were significantly associated with the occurrence of ethanol-induced symptoms. CONCLUSION The occurrence of ethanol-induced symptoms was not low in patients receiving docetaxel-containing ethanol. Physicians need to pay more attention to the occurrence of ethanol-induced symptoms and prescribe ethanol-free or low-ethanol-containing formulations to high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Woong Won
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri,
Korea
| | - Jin-Hyoung Kang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jung Hye Kwon
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Sejong,
Korea
| | - Dong-Hoe Koo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jung Hun Kang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju,
Korea
| | - Chi Hoon Maeng
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Ahn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon,
Korea
| | - Sung Yong Oh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan,
Korea
| | - Dae-Won Lee
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Joohyuk Sohn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - So Yeon Oh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan University College of Medicine, Yangsan,
Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Lee
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu,
Korea
| | - Su-Jin Koh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Ulsan,
Korea
| | - Keun Seok Lee
- Center for Breast Cancer, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang,
Korea
| | - Chan-Kyu Kim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bucheon, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon,
Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Kim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jun Ho Ji
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon,
Korea
| | - Sung-Bae Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Joo Young Ha
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Ho Young Kim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang,
Korea
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Li X, Shi Z, Todaro D, Pond T, Byanyima J, Vesslee S, Reddy R, Reddy Nanga RP, Kass G, Ramchandani V, Kranzler HR, Vendruscolo JCM, Vendruscolo LF, Wiers CE. Ketone supplementation dampens subjective and objective responses to alcohol in rats and humans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.23.558269. [PMID: 37790364 PMCID: PMC10542198 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.23.558269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous preclinical and human studies have shown that high-fat ketogenic diet and ketone supplements (KS) are efficacious in reducing alcohol craving, alcohol consumption, and signs of alcohol withdrawal. However, the effects of KS on alcohol sensitivity are unknown. In this single-blind, cross-over study, 10 healthy participants (3 females) were administered a single, oral dose of a KS (25 g of ketones from D-β-hydroxybutyric acid and R-1,3-butanediol) or placebo 30 min prior to an oral alcohol dose (0.25 g/kg for women; 0.31 g/kg for men). Assessments of breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) and blood alcohol levels (BAL) and responses on the Drug Effect Questionnaire were repeatedly obtained over 180 min after alcohol consumption. In a parallel preclinical study, 8 Wistar rats (4 females) received an oral gavage of KS (0.42 g ketones/kg), water, or the sweetener allulose (0.58 g/kg) followed 15 min later by an oral alcohol dose (0.8 g/kg). BAL were monitored for 240 min after alcohol exposure. In humans, the intake of KS prior to alcohol significantly blunted BrAC and BAL, reduced ratings of alcohol liking and wanting, and increased disliking for alcohol. In rats, KS reduced BAL more than either allulose or water. In conclusion, KS altered physiological and subjective responses to alcohol in both humans and rats and the effects were likely not mediated by the sweetener allulose present in the KS drink. Therefore, KS could potentially reduce the intoxicating and rewarding effects of alcohol and thus be a novel intervention for treating alcohol use disorder.
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Xu F, Thomas JD, Goldowitz D, Hamre KM. The ameliorative effects of choline on ethanol-induced cell death in the neural tube of susceptible BXD strains of mice. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1203597. [PMID: 37790585 PMCID: PMC10543688 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1203597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are the leading preventable cause of intellectual disability, providing the impetus for evaluating various potential treatments to ameliorate ethanol's teratogenic effects, particularly in the nervous system. One treatment is the dietary supplement choline which has been shown to mitigate at least some of ethanol's teratogenic effects. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of genetics on choline's efficacy in ameliorating cell death in the developing neural tube. Previously, we examined BXD recombinant inbred mice, and their parental C57BL/6 J (B6) and DBA/2 J strains, and identified strains that were sensitive to ethanol's teratogenic actions. Thus, we used these strains to identify response to choline treatment. Materials and methods Timed pregnant mice from 4 strains (B6, BXD51, BXD73, BXD2) were given either ethanol or isocaloric maltose-dextrin (5.8 g/kg in two administrations separated by 2 h) with choline at one of 3 doses: 0, 100 or 250 mg/kg. Subjects were exposed via intragastric gavage on embryonic day 9 and embryos were collected 7 h after the initial ethanol administrations. Cell death was analyzed using TUNEL staining in the developing forebrain and brainstem. Results Choline ameliorated the ethanol-induced cell death across all 4 strains without causing enhanced cell death in control mice. Choline was effective in both the developing telencephalon and in the brainstem. Both doses diminished cell death, with some differences across strains and brain regions, although the 100 mg/kg dose was most consistent in mitigating ethanol-related cell death. Comparisons across strains showed that there was an effect of strain, particularly in the forebrain at the higher dose. Discussion These results show that choline is effective in ameliorating ethanol-induced cell death at this early stage of nervous system development. However, there were some strain differences in its efficacy, especially at the high dose, providing further evidence of the importance of genetics in influencing the ability of choline to protect against prenatal alcohol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fannia Xu
- University of British Columbia, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer D. Thomas
- Center for Behavioral Teratology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Dan Goldowitz
- University of British Columbia, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kristin M. Hamre
- Department Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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Al Awfi MM, Vuthaluru S. Gastric Explosion While Using Electric Cautery During Gastrojejunostomy: A Case Report. Oman Med J 2023; 38:e554. [PMID: 37771887 PMCID: PMC10522885 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2023.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal gases become combustible when several gases reach a certain concentration. This occurs in situations where the gastrointestinal tract is obstructed for a certain amount of time. Hence, we present this case of a gastric explosion in a patient while performing a gastrojejunostomy. The reason underlying this combustion involved concomitant chronic pyloric stenosis. Operative procedures should include this information to enhance the safety of the patient and the surgical team.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seenu Vuthaluru
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Moslemi M, Jannat B, Mahmoudzadeh M, Ghasemlou M, Abedi A. Detoxification activity of bioactive food compounds against ethanol-induced injuries and hangover symptoms: A review. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:5028-5040. [PMID: 37701198 PMCID: PMC10494618 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol drinking is a popular activity among adolescents in many countries, largely due to its pleasant, relaxing effects. As a major concern, ethanol consumption put the drinkers at risk of nutrients' deficiency due to the disordered eating, anorexia, and malabsorption of nutrients. Moreover, alcohol drinking may lead to the development of hangover symptoms including diarrhea, thirsty, fatigue, and oxidative stress. A broad range of functional food components with antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory properties including pectin, aloe vera polysaccharides, chito-oligosaccharides, and other herbal components have been explored due to their detoxification effects against ethanol. The underlying anti-hangover mechanisms include reducing the intestinal absorption of ethanol or its metabolites, increasing the activity of ethanol metabolizing enzymes, development of fatty acid β-oxidation in mitochondria, inhibition of inflammatory response, blocking the target receptors of ethanol in the body, and possession of antioxidant activity under the oxidative stress developed by ethanol consumption. Therefore, the development of bioactive food-based therapeutic formula can assist clinicians and also drinkers in the alleviation of alcohol side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Moslemi
- Halal Research Center of IRIMinistry of Health and Medical EducationTehranIran
| | - Behrooz Jannat
- Halal Research Center of IRIMinistry of Health and Medical EducationTehranIran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudzadeh
- Nutrition Research Center and Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food ScienceTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Mehran Ghasemlou
- School of ScienceSTEM College, RMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Abdol‐Samad Abedi
- Department of Research Deputy, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food TechnologyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Ramsbottom A, Petticrew M, Huber A, van Schalkwyk MCI. Drinking on an empty stomach: a scoping review of the evidence on how consuming food with alcohol affects short-term outcomes. J Public Health (Oxf) 2023; 45:612-620. [PMID: 36280898 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdac117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol is a leading risk factor for death worldwide. Governments issue official guidelines on reducing the short-term risks associated with alcohol as do alcohol industry-funded organizations. Both sources frequently recommend consuming food with alcohol, however, it is unclear what evidence these recommendations are based on. The aim of this scoping review was to map and summarize evidence on the short-term effects of consuming food and alcohol. METHODS A scoping review, following PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews, searched CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, PsychINFO and NICE Evidence Search (published inception to June 2021). Studies in English, investigating co-consumption of food and alcohol and reporting short-term health outcomes or acute effects, were included. RESULTS Of the 15 246 studies identified, 10 met the inclusion criteria. There was little evidence on the effects of food co-consumption on most short-term alcohol-related outcomes. Included studies were low in quality and inconsistent in their reported outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Despite a weak and inconsistent evidence base, food co-consumption is often recommended by both official guidance and alcohol industry-funded sources. Food co-consumption as a harm reduction measure, while plausible, requires a stronger evidence base and more nuanced messaging due to the risk of encouraging heavier, sustained drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ramsbottom
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Mark Petticrew
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Alexandra Huber
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Old Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - May C I van Schalkwyk
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK
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Lin CY, Omoscharka E, Liu Y, Cheng K. Establishment of a Rat Model of Alcoholic Liver Fibrosis with Simulated Human Drinking Patterns and Low-Dose Chemical Stimulation. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1293. [PMID: 37759693 PMCID: PMC10526499 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although alcohol is a well-known causal factor associated with liver diseases, challenges remain in inducing liver fibrosis in experimental rodent models. These challenges include rodents' natural aversion to high concentrations of alcohol, rapid alcohol metabolism, the need for a prolonged duration of alcohol administration, and technical difficulties. Therefore, it is crucial to establish an experimental model that can replicate the features of alcoholic liver fibrosis. The objective of this study was to develop a feasible rat model of alcoholic liver fibrosis that emulates human drinking patterns and combines low-dose chemicals within a relatively short time frame. We successfully developed an 8-week rat model of alcoholic liver fibrosis that mimics chronic and heavy drinking patterns. Rats were fed with a control liquid diet, an alcohol liquid diet, or alcohol liquid diet combined with multiple binges via oral gavage. To accelerate the progression of alcoholic liver fibrosis, we introduced low-dose carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) through intraperitoneal injection. This model allows researchers to efficiently evaluate potential therapeutics in preclinical studies of alcoholic liver fibrosis within a reasonable time frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Lin
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Evanthia Omoscharka
- Department of Pathology, University Health/Truman Medical Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2301 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Yanli Liu
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Kun Cheng
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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