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Hu J, Wang Y, Ji X, Zhang Y, Li K, Huang F. Non-Pharmacological Strategies for Managing Sarcopenia in Chronic Diseases. Clin Interv Aging 2024; 19:827-841. [PMID: 38765795 PMCID: PMC11102744 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s455736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This article focuses on a range of non-pharmacological strategies for managing sarcopenia in chronic diseases, including exercise, dietary supplements, traditional Chinese exercise, intestinal microecology, and rehabilitation therapies for individuals with limited limb movement. By analyzing multiple studies, the article aims to summarize the available evidence to manage sarcopenia in individuals with chronic diseases. The results strongly emphasize the role of resistance training in addressing chronic diseases and secondary sarcopenia. Maintaining the appropriate frequency and intensity of resistance training can help prevent muscle atrophy and effectively reduce inflammation. Although aerobic exercise has limited ability to improve skeletal muscle mass, it does have some positive effects on physical function. Building upon this, the article explores the potential benefits of combined training approaches, highlighting their helpfulness for overall quality of life. Additionally, the article also highlights the importance of dietary supplements in combating muscle atrophy in chronic diseases. It focuses on the importance of protein intake, supplements rich in essential amino acids and omega-3, as well as sufficient vitamin D to prevent muscle atrophy. Combining exercise with dietary supplements appears to be an effective strategy for preventing sarcopenia, although the optimal dosage and type of supplement remain unclear. Furthermore, the article explores the potential benefits of intestinal microecology in sarcopenia. Probiotics, prebiotics, and bacterial products are suggested as new treatment options for sarcopenia. Additionally, emerging therapies such as whole body vibration training, blood flow restriction, and electrical stimulation show promise in treating sarcopenia with limited limb movement. Overall, this article provides valuable insights into non-pharmacological strategies for managing sarcopenia in individuals with chronic diseases. It emphasizes the importance of a holistic and integrated approach that incorporates exercise, nutrition, and multidisciplinary interventions, which have the potential to promote health in the elderly population. Future research should prioritize high-quality randomized controlled trials and utilize wearable devices, smartphone applications, and other advanced surveillance methods to investigate the most effective intervention strategies for sarcopenia associated with different chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojian Ji
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yinan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kunpeng Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Shen Y, Zhang C, Dai C, Zhang Y, Wang K, Gao Z, Chen X, Yang X, Sun H, Yao X, Xu L, Liu H. Nutritional Strategies for Muscle Atrophy: Current Evidence and Underlying Mechanisms. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300347. [PMID: 38712453 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle can undergo detrimental changes in various diseases, leading to muscle dysfunction and atrophy, thus severely affecting people's lives. Along with exercise, there is a growing interest in the potential of nutritional support against muscle atrophy. This review provides a brief overview of the molecular mechanisms driving skeletal muscle atrophy and summarizes recent advances in nutritional interventions for preventing and treating muscle atrophy. The nutritional supplements include amino acids and their derivatives (such as leucine, β-hydroxy, β-methylbutyrate, and creatine), various antioxidant supplements (like Coenzyme Q10 and mitoquinone, resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, Omega 3 fatty acids), minerals (such as magnesium and selenium), and vitamins (such as vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E), as well as probiotics and prebiotics (like Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and 1-kestose). Furthermore, the study discusses the impact of a combined approach involving nutritional support and physical therapy to prevent muscle atrophy, suggests appropriate multi-nutritional and multi-modal interventions based on individual conditions to optimize treatment outcomes, and enhances the recovery of muscle function for patients. By understanding the molecular mechanisms behind skeletal muscle atrophy and implementing appropriate interventions, it is possible to enhance the recovery of muscle function and improve patients' quality of life.
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Grants
- 81901933 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 82072160 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 20KJA310012 Major Natural Science Research Projects in Universities of Jiangsu Province
- BK20202013 Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, and the Scientific Research Project of The Health Commission of Jiangsu Province
- BK20201209 Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, and the Scientific Research Project of The Health Commission of Jiangsu Province
- ZDB2020003 Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, and the Scientific Research Project of The Health Commission of Jiangsu Province
- QingLan Project in Jiangsu Universities
- JC22022037 The Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, and Nantong Science and Technology Program, and Nantong Health Medical Research Center
- MS22022010 The Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, and Nantong Science and Technology Program, and Nantong Health Medical Research Center
- JC12022010 The Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, and Nantong Science and Technology Program, and Nantong Health Medical Research Center
- HS2022003 The Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, and Nantong Science and Technology Program, and Nantong Health Medical Research Center
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Chaolun Dai
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, P. R. China, 226001
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, P. R. China, 226001
| | - Kexin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Zihui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Hualin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Xinlei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Lingchi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Haian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226600, P. R. China
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El Assar M, Rodríguez-Sánchez I, Álvarez-Bustos A, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Biomarkers of frailty. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 97:101271. [PMID: 38631189 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Several biomarkers have been proposed to identify frailty, a multisystemic age-related syndrome. However, the complex pathophysiology and the absence of a consensus on a comprehensive and universal definition make it challenging to pinpoint a singular biomarker or set of biomarkers that conclusively characterize frailty. This review delves into the main laboratory biomarkers, placing special emphasis on those associated with various pathways closely tied to the frailty condition, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic and endocrine alterations and microRNA. Additionally, we provide a summary of different clinical biomarkers encompassing different tools that have been proposed to assess frailty. We further address various imaging biomarkers such as Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, Bioelectrical Impedance analysis, Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ultrasound and D3 Creatine dilution. Intervention to treat frailty, including non-pharmacological ones, especially those involving physical exercise and nutrition, and pharmacological interventions, that include those targeting specific mechanisms such as myostatin inhibitors, insulin sensitizer metformin and with special relevance for hormonal treatments are mentioned. We further address the levels of different biomarkers in monitoring the potential positive effects of some of these interventions. Despite the availability of numerous biomarkers, their performance and usefulness in the clinical arena are far from being satisfactory. Considering the multicausality of frailty, there is an increasing need to assess the role of sets of biomarkers and the combination between laboratory, clinical and image biomarkers, in terms of sensitivity, specificity and predictive values for the diagnosis and prognosis of the different outcomes of frailty to improve detection and monitoring of older people with frailty or at risk of developing it, being this a need in the everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam El Assar
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Álvarez-Bustos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
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Riddle E, Munoz N, Clark K, Collins N, Coltman A, Nasrallah L, Nishioka S, Scollard T, Simon JR, Moloney L. Prevention and Treatment of Malnutrition in Older Adults Living in Long-Term Care or the Community: an Evidence-based Nutrition Practice Guideline. J Acad Nutr Diet 2024:S2212-2672(24)00146-1. [PMID: 38583584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Malnutrition in older adults can decrease quality of life and increase risk of morbidities and mortality. Accurate and timely identification of malnutrition, as well as subsequent implementation of effective interventions, are essential to decrease poor outcomes associated with malnutrition in older adults. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Center conducted a systematic review of the literature to develop an evidence-based nutrition practice guideline for the prevention and treatment of malnutrition in older adults. The objective of this guideline was to provide evidence-based recommendations to identify, prevent, or treat protein-energy malnutrition in older adults (mean age ≥65 years) living in long-term care and community settings. This guideline provides 11 nutrition recommendations to inform shared decision making among dietitians, members of the health care team, family members or caregivers, and older adults living in long-term care or the community to prevent or treat malnutrition. Topics include dietitian effectiveness, nutrition assessment tools, oral nutrition supplements, food fortification, and home-delivered and congregate meals. Guideline implementation should include consideration of the importance of comprehensive individualized nutrition care for older adults. Future research is needed to address gaps that were identified related to the validity, reliability, and feasibility of nutrition assessment tools, as well as the effectiveness of dietitian interventions on outcomes of interest in older adults living in long-term care and the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Riddle
- State University of New York at Oneonta, Oneonta, New York
| | - Nancy Munoz
- Veterans Affairs Southern Nevada Healthcare System, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | | | | | - Anne Coltman
- Commission on Dietetic Registration, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lamia Nasrallah
- Outpatient Nutrition Services, University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Shinta Nishioka
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Services, Nagasaki Rehabilitation Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Judy R Simon
- Nutrition and Health Promotion Consultant, Easton, Maryland
| | - Lisa Moloney
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Chicago, Illinois.
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Li ML, Zhang F, Luo HY, Quan ZW, Wang YF, Huang LT, Wang JH. Improving sarcopenia in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of whey protein supplementation with or without resistance training. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100184. [PMID: 38350303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to comprehensively analyze the effects of whey protein (WP)-enriched supplement intake with or without resistance training (RT) in older patients, either from the community or hospital, who were diagnosed with sarcopenia according to the EWGSOP or AWGS criteria. METHODS This meta-analysis study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023407885). We searched the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for RCTs up to June 1, 2023. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate the pooled results. RESULTS Ten RCT studies, including 1154 participants, were included and analyzed. The primary outcomes were the changes in muscle mass, strength, and physical performance. In WP group versus (vs.) Isocaloric placebo (PLA)/Routine consultation (RC) group, WP significantly increased the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (SMD: 0.47, 95%CI: 0.23, 0.71), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (SMD: 0.28, 95%CI: 0.11, 0.45) and gait speed (SMD: 1.13, 95%CI: 0.82, 1.44) in older patients with sarcopenia. In WP with RT group vs. PLA/ RC group, there was significant increase in handgrip strength (SMD: 0.67, 95%CI: 0.29, 1.04). In addition, in the secondary outcomes, WP significantly reduced interleukin-6, significantly increased insulin-like growth factor-1 and albumin, promoted participants' intake of total energy and protein, enhanced activities of daily living scores in patients, and had no significant effect on BMI, weight, or fat mass. CONCLUSION This review confirms that WP can improve various aspects of older adult with sarcopenia, thereby enhancing their overall physical condition. More studies should be conducted to validate this result and further explore the effects of WP and RT in patients with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Lin Li
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Han-Yong Luo
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zi-Wei Quan
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Le-Tian Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Jia-He Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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Di Cola S, Khan S, Lapenna L, Merli M. Emerging drugs for the treatment of sarcopenia in cirrhosis of the liver. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38549232 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2024.2332428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Malnutrition and sarcopenia are common and impact the prognosis in patients with liver cirrhosis. The etiology is multifactorial and includes periods of reduced caloric intake, increased catabolism and direct molecular mechanisms that inhibit muscle synthesis. Although these conditions are widely acknowledged, and there is a growing interest in their diagnosis, robust evidence regarding the treatment and reversibility of these conditions is still lacking.Areas covered: We have explored the current evidence on the pharmacological treatment of sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis. Additionally, we have searched for drugs already in use and ongoing trials for other chronic diseases.Expert opinion: The current guidelines recommend the use of a protein-adequate diet and moderate physical activity for treating sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis. Currently, robust evidence is derived only from the supplementation of Branched-Chain Amino Acids, capable of increasing muscle mass and function. There are many drugs targeting various pathways that contribute to sarcopenia. However, evidence is sporadic and insufficient to suggest their use in clinical practice.Novel drugs specifically designed to enhance muscle mass and function should be developed. Finally, gender significantly influences the type of muscle alteration and therapeutic mechanisms; therefore, future studies should be designed taking gender differences into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Di Cola
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Saniya Khan
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Lapenna
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Merli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Liao X, Cheng D, Li J, Zhu L, Zhang S, Jing X, Shi L. Effects of oral oligopeptide preparation and exercise intervention in older people with sarcopenia: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:260. [PMID: 38500043 PMCID: PMC10946144 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04860-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition and exercise are important interventions for sarcopenia. There were few studies on oral oligopeptide nutrition preparations combined with exercise to intervene in the older people with sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to verify the effectiveness of oligopeptide nutrition preparation combined with exercise intervention on the older people with sarcopenia in community. METHODS A total of 219 subjects aged 65 years or older with sarcopenia were randomly divided into 4 groups. The nutrition group (n = 58) was given individualized nutrition education and oral oligopeptide nutrition preparation. The exercise group (n = 50) received exercise intervention. The combined group (n = 52) received both oral nutrition preparation and exercise interventions. The control group (n = 59) only received individualized nutrition education. The nutrition preparation can provide energy 185kcal and protein 24.2g per day. The exercise intervention including warm-up exercise, resistance exercise and aerobic exercise, the training time was 60min for 5 times every week. The intervention lasted for 16 weeks. Hand grip strength, gait speed, body composition and hematology parameters were measured before and after intervention. RESULTS A total of 159 subjects completed the study. Compared with baseline, the left grip strength and 6-m walking speed of the subjects in nutrition group increased significantly after the intervention, and the grip strength of both hands in exercise group and combined group increased significantly. The body weight of the subjects in nutrition group, exercise group and combined group increased significantly after intervention, but no increase in soft lean mass (SLM) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) was observed in any of the four groups. The fat-free mass (FFM) of the legs of the control group, exercise group and nutrition group decreased after intervention, and only the FFM of the legs of the combined group maintained the level before the intervention. CONCLUSION Both oral peptide nutrition and exercise interventions can improve the muscle strength or function of the older people with sarcopenia. However, there were no increases in muscle mass observed. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR, ChiCTR2100052135. Registered 20 October 2021, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=135743.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Liao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Daomei Cheng
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Zhengxing Community Health Service Center of Tianfu New District, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Suqiong Zhang
- Shibantan Community Health Service Center of Xindu District, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofan Jing
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
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Zhang Y, Zhu Y. Sarcopenia and Its Influencing Factors in Patients With Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterol Nurs 2024; 47:138-147. [PMID: 38567857 DOI: 10.1097/sga.0000000000000779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia can lead to more postoperative complications and poorer prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer; however there is limited research exploring the incidence and influencing factors of different stages of sarcopenia in patients with colorectal cancer. We investigated 312 patients with colorectal cancer. Sarcopenia was determined by measuring muscle mass, grip strength, and gait speed. According to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) 2010, patients were classified into four groups: nonsarcopenia, presarcopenia, sarcopenia, and severe sarcopenia. The incidence of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia was 10.3% and 8.7%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, TNM stage smoking history, total protein, upper arm circumference, waist circumference, and Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) score were independently associated with sarcopenia at different stages. This study suggests that routine data should be used to provide targeted care during hospitalization for patients with colorectal cancer in order to reduce the incidence of sarcopenia and improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Ying Zhang, MSN, is from the School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Yongjian Zhu, MSN, is from the School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; and Nursing Department, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yuhuangding, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yongjian Zhu
- Ying Zhang, MSN, is from the School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Yongjian Zhu, MSN, is from the School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; and Nursing Department, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yuhuangding, Yantai, Shandong, China
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9
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Hao XY, Zhang K, Huang XY, Yang F, Sun SY. Muscle strength and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:636-643. [PMID: 38515958 PMCID: PMC10950621 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i7.636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This editorial comments on an article published in a recent issue of World Journal of Gastroenterology, entitled "Association of low muscle strength with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: A nationwide study". We focused on the association between muscle strength and the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), as well as the mechanisms underlying the correlation and related clinical applications. NAFLD, which is now redefined as MAFLD, is one of the most common chronic liver diseases globally with an increasing prevalence and is characterized by malnutrition, which may contribute to decreased muscle strength. Reduction of muscle strength reportedly has a pathogenesis similar to that of NAFLD/ MAFLD, including insulin resistance, inflammation, sedentary behavior, as well as insufficient vitamin D. Multiple studies have focused on the relationship between sarcopenia or muscle strength and NAFLD. However, studies investigating the relationship between muscle strength and MAFLD are limited. Owing to the shortage of specific medications for NAFLD/MAFLD treatment, early detection is essential. Furthermore, the relationship between muscle strength and NAFLD/MAFLD suggests that improvements in muscle strength may have an impact on disease prevention and may provide novel insights into treatments including dietary therapy, as well as tailored physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Yu Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endoscopic Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endoscopic Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xing-Yong Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endoscopic Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endoscopic Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Si-Yu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endoscopic Center, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
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10
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Hawley AL, Baum JI. Nutrition as the foundation for successful aging: a focus on dietary protein and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:389-406. [PMID: 37319363 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays a critical role throughout the aging process. People living with sarcopenia, a progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, often experience diminished quality of life, which can be attributed to a long period of decline and disability. Therefore, it is important to identify modifiable factors that preserve skeletal muscle and promote successful aging (SA). In this review, SA was defined as (1) low cardiometabolic risk, (2) preservation of physical function, and (3) positive state of wellbeing, with nutrition as an integral component. Several studies identify nutrition, specifically high-quality protein (eg, containing all essential amino acids), and long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), as positive regulators of SA. Recently, an additive anabolic effect of protein and n-3 PUFAs has been identified in skeletal muscle of older adults. Evidence further suggests that the additive effect of protein and n-3 PUFAs may project beyond skeletal muscle anabolism and promote SA. The key mechanism(s) behind the enhanced effects of intake of protein and n-3 PUFAs needs to be defined. The first objective of this review is to evaluate skeletal muscle as a driver of cardiometabolic health, physical function, and wellbeing to promote SA. The second objective is to examine observational and interventional evidence of protein and n-3 PUFAs on skeletal muscle to promote SA. The final objective is to propose mechanisms by which combined optimal intake of high-quality protein and n-3 PUFAs likely play a key role in SA. Current evidence suggests that increased intake of protein above the Recommended Dietary Allowance and n-3 PUFAs above the Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendations for late middle-aged and older adults is required to maintain skeletal muscle mass and to promote SA, potentially through the mechanistical target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubree L Hawley
- School of Human and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Jamie I Baum
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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11
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Pemau RC, González-Palacios P, Kerr KW. How quality of life is measured in studies of nutritional intervention: a systematic review. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2024; 22:9. [PMID: 38267976 PMCID: PMC10809546 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-024-02229-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition care can positively affect multiple aspects of patient's health; outcomes are commonly evaluated on the basis of their impact on a patient's (i) illness-specific conditions and (ii) health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Our systematic review examined how HRQoL was measured in studies of nutritional interventions. To help future researchers select appropriate Quality of Life Questionnaires (QoLQ), we identified commonly-used instruments and their uses across populations in different regions, of different ages, and with different diseases. METHODS We searched EMCare, EMBASE, and Medline databases for studies that had HRQoL and nutrition intervention terms in the title, the abstract, or the MeSH term classifications "quality of life" and any of "nutrition therapy", "diet therapy", or "dietary supplements" and identified 1,113 studies for possible inclusion.We then reviewed titles, abstracts, and full texts to identify studies for final inclusion. RESULTS Our review of titles, abstracts, and full texts resulted in the inclusion of 116 relevant studies in our final analysis. Our review identified 14 general and 25 disease-specific QoLQ. The most-used general QoLQ were the Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36) in 27 studies and EuroQol 5-Dimension, (EQ-5D) in 26 studies. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ), a cancer-specific QoLQ, was the most frequently used disease-specific QoLQ (28 studies). Disease-specific QoLQ were also identified for nutrition-related diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and dysphagia. Sixteen studies used multiple QoLQ, of which eight studies included both general and disease-specific measures of HRQoL. The most studied diseases were cancer (36 studies) and malnutrition (24 studies). There were few studies focused on specific age-group populations, with only 38 studies (33%) focused on adults 65 years and older and only 4 studies focused on pediatric patients. Regional variation in QoLQ use was observed, with EQ-5D used more frequently in Europe and SF-36 more commonly used in North America. CONCLUSIONS Use of QoLQ to measure HRQoL is well established in the literature; both general and disease-specific instruments are now available for use. We advise further studies to examine potential benefits of using both general and disease-specific QoLQ to better understand the impact of nutritional interventions on HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia González-Palacios
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute (IBS), Granada, Spain
| | - Kirk W Kerr
- Abbott Nutrition, 2900 Easton Square Place, Columbus, OH, 43219, USA.
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12
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Huang J, Zhang X, Hong Z, Lin X, Chen F, Lan J, Zhang Z, Deng H. Associations of plasma retinol and α-tocopherol levels with skeletal muscle health in Chinese children. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:2174-2181. [PMID: 37341020 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Childhood is a critical period for muscle accumulation. Studies in elders have reported that antioxidant vitamins could improve muscle health. However, limited studies have assessed such associations in children. This study included 243 boys and 183 girls. A seventy-nine-item FFQ was used to investigate dietary nutrients intake. Plasma levels of retinol and α-tocopherol were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with MS. Dual X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and total body fat. The ASM index (ASMI) and ASMI Z-score were then calculated. Hand grip strength was measured using a Jamar® Plus+ Hand Dynamometer. Fully adjusted multiple linear regression models showed that for each unit increase in plasma retinol content, ASM, ASMI, left HGS and ASMI Z-score increased by 2·43 × 10-3 kg, 1·33 × 10-3 kg/m2, 3·72 × 10-3 kg and 2·45 × 10-3 in girls, respectively (P < 0·001-0·050). ANCOVA revealed a dose-response relationship between tertiles of plasma retinol level and muscle indicators (Ptrend: 0·001-0·007). The percentage differences between the top and bottom tertiles were 8·38 %, 6·26 %, 13·2 %, 12·1 % and 116 % for ASM, ASMI, left HGS, right HGS and ASMI Z-score in girls, respectively (Pdiff: 0·005-0·020). No such associations were observed in boys. Plasma α-tocopherol levels were not correlated with muscle indicators in either sex. In conclusion, high circulating retinol levels are positively associated with muscle mass and strength in school-age girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510400, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanrui Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510400, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Hong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510400, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510400, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyan Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510400, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510400, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheqing Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510400, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Deng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510400, People's Republic of China
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13
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Reider L, Owen EC, Dreyer HC, Fitton LS, Willey MC. Loss of Muscle Mass and Strength After Hip Fracture: an Intervention Target for Nutrition Supplementation. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:710-718. [PMID: 38019345 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00836-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSEOF REVIEW To summarize what is known about the deleterious effect of hip fracture on muscle mass and strength as well as the scientific evidence for post-surgical nutrition supplementation to maintain muscle and improve function. RECENT FINDINGS This review provides a discussion of the relationship between muscle mass, strength, and physical function following hip fracture, briefly describes the approaches to measuring lean mass, discusses prevalence of sarcopenia and malnutrition among older men and women with hip fracture, and reviews the effects of essential amino acids on muscle. Loss of muscle mass and strength following hip fracture is substantial with consequences for recovery of functional independence. EAA-based nutrition supplementation, which directly effects muscle, has potential to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Reider
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway Street, Room 648, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | | | - Hans C Dreyer
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Lori S Fitton
- Department of Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael C Willey
- Department of Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
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14
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Chen YC, Chen WC, Liu CW, Huang WY, Lu IC, Lin CW, Huang RY, Chen JS, Huang CH. Is moderate resistance training adequate for older adults with sarcopenia? A systematic review and network meta-analysis of RCTs. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2023; 20:22. [PMID: 38030985 PMCID: PMC10687931 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-023-00333-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance training (RT) and nutritional supplementation are recommended for the management of sarcopenia in older adults. However, optimal RT intensity for the treatment of sarcopenia has not been well investigated. METHODS This network meta-analysis aims to determine the comparative effectiveness of interventions for sarcopenia, taking RT intensity into consideration. RT intensity was classified into light-to-moderate intensity RT(LMRT), moderate intensity RT(MRT), and moderate-to-vigorous intensity RT(MVRT) based on percentage of one repetition maximum (%1RM) and/or rating of perceived exertion. RESULTS A total of 50 RCTs (N = 4,085) were included after screening 3,485 articles. The results confirmed that RT with or without nutrition was positively associated with improved measures of muscle strength and physical performance. Regarding RT intensity, LMRT only demonstrated positive effects on hand grip (aerobic training + LMRT + nutrition: mean difference [MD] = 2.88; 95% credential intervals [CrI] = 0.43,5.32). MRT provided benefits on improvement in the 30-s chair stand test (repetitions) (MRT: MD = 2.98, 95% CrI = 0.35,5.59), timed up and go test (MRT: MD = -1.74, 95% CrI: = -3.34,-0.56), hand grip (MRT: MD = 2.44; 95% CrI = 0.03,5.70), and leg press (MRT: MD = 8.36; 95% CrI = 1.87,13.4). MVRT also improved chair stand test repetitions (MVRT: MD = 5.64, 95% CrI = 0.14,11.4), gait speed (MVRT + nutrition: MD = 0.21, 95% CrI = 0.003,0.48), appendicular skeletal muscle index (MVRT + nutrition: MD = 0.25, 95% CrI = 0.01,0.5), and leg press (MVRT: MD = 14.7, 95% CrI: 5.96,22.4; MVRT + nutrition: MD = 17.8, 95% CrI: 7.55,28.6). CONCLUSION MVRT had greater benefits on muscle mass, lower extremity strength, and physical performance compared to MRT. Increasing RT intensity may be recommended for sarcopenic older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chang Chen
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No. 1, Yida Road, Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Chun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No. 1, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liu
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No. 1, Yida Road, Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Huang
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No. 1, Yida Road, Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan
| | - ICheng Lu
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No. 1, Yida Road, Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chi Wei Lin
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No. 1, Yida Road, Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Ru Yi Huang
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No. 1, Yida Road, Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan
- Data Science Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia sinica, No.1, Section 4, Roosevelt Rd, Da'an District, Taipei City, 10617, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Jung Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No. 1, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chi Hsien Huang
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No. 1, Yida Road, Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan.
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15
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Kressel H, Matsakas A. Current Research on Vitamin D Supplementation against Sarcopenia: A Review of Clinical Trials. Int J Sports Med 2023; 44:843-856. [PMID: 37557905 DOI: 10.1055/a-2116-9240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D plays an important role in skeletal muscle function and metabolism. The aim of this review was A) to discuss the clinical evidence of vitamin D supplementation either alone or combined with other strategies in the prevention of sarcopenia in non-sarcopenic individuals and B) to critically discuss the clinical evidence on the effect of vitamin D combined with other strategies on muscle strength, mass and function in sarcopenic individuals without vitamin D deficiency. Sparse clinical data on non-sarcopenic individuals indicate that vitamin D alone has a subtle beneficial effect on knee extensor strength at doses 880-1600 IU/day without improving handgrip strength or muscle mass. When co-administered with other supplements such as protein, mixed effects appear to prevent the decline of muscle mass, possibly delaying the onset of sarcopenia in non-sarcopenic individuals, at doses of 800-1,000 IU/day over 6-12 weeks. In sarcopenic individuals, vitamin D 100-1,000 IU/day co-supplementation with protein results in increased handgrip strength between 9.8-40.5%. However, there is no strong clinical evidence that vitamin D dosage correlates with changes in muscle strength or mass. Potential sources of discrepancy among studies are discussed. Future studies with appropriate experimental design are essential to dissect the net effect of vitamin D on sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Kressel
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, Hull, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Antonios Matsakas
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, Hull, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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16
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Hidayat K, Tong X, Rizzoli R, Fan JB, Shi YJ, Su HW, Liu B, Qin LQ. The skeletal safety of milk-derived proteins: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Osteoporos Int 2023; 34:1937-1949. [PMID: 37526672 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06840-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There has been a persistent claim that dairy products contain calcium-leaching proteins, although the soundness of such a claim has been challenged. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of milk-derived protein supplementation on bone health indices in adults was performed to reconcile the controversy surrounding the potential skeletal safety concerns of proteins of dairy origin. METHODS The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant RCTs. A random-effects model was used to generate pooled effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Milk-derived protein supplementation did not significantly affect whole-body BMD (n = 7 RCTs) and BMD at the lumbar spine (n = 10), hip (n = 8), femoral neck (n = 9), trochanter (n = 5), intertrochanter (n = 2), and ultradistal radius (n = 2). The concentrations of bone formation markers (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase [n = 11], osteocalcin [n = 6], procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide [n = 5]), bone resorption markers (N-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen [n = 7], C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen [n = 7], deoxypyridinoline [n = 4]), and parathyroid hormone (n = 7) were not significantly affected. However, increased insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations (n = 13) were observed. Reduced IGF-1 concentrations were observed when soy protein was used as a comparator, and increased IGF-1 concentrations were observed when carbohydrate was used. CONCLUSION Our findings do not support the claim that proteins of dairy origin are detrimental to bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khemayanto Hidayat
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Xing Tong
- Laboratory Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - René Rizzoli
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jing-Bo Fan
- Laboratory Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yu-Jie Shi
- Branch Company, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Hong-Wen Su
- Branch Company, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Biao Liu
- Branch Company, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, 010110, China.
| | - Li-Qiang Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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17
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Alvarez Mejía M, Marulanda Mejía F, González Correa CH, Restrepo Valencia CA, Gómez Tobón P, Chacón JA. Relationship between hypovitaminosis D and sarcopenia in patients with stage 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease in Colombian patients. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:519-526. [PMID: 37739701 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is a condition associated with aging and multiple medical conditions such as CKD and hypovitaminosis D. METHODS An observational cross-sectional study was carried out, based on patients registered in a database of specialized nephrology consultation in the city of Manizales, Colombia. 101 patients over 18 years of age who had stage 3 or 4 CKD were included. RESULTS The frequency of sarcopenia was 10.9%. No relationship was found between sarcopenia alone and serum vitamin D levels. However, when sarcopenia was categorized as severe there was a direct relationship with hypovitaminosis D. There was also a direct relationship between dynapenia and hypovitaminosis D. In addition, patients who had serum vitamin D levels above 40 ng/ml had better muscle performance, and, consequently, probably a lower risk of frailty. CONCLUSION When patients, within their treatment, received vitamin D supplementation, no effect on muscle performance was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Alvarez Mejía
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Caldas, Manizales, Colombia.
| | - Felipe Marulanda Mejía
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Clara H González Correa
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
| | | | - Pamela Gómez Tobón
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
| | - José A Chacón
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
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18
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Moon GK, Bu SY. Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength in Adults: A Systematic Review. Clin Nutr Res 2023; 12:304-319. [PMID: 37969938 PMCID: PMC10641326 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2023.12.4.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, predominantly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have several health benefits. However, their effect on changes in skeletal muscle mass and strength has not been established, owing to differences in study designs. This systematic review aimed to investigate the recent evidence regarding the role of dietary EPA and DHA in muscle mass changes and their association with muscle strength. Databases including PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for randomized controlled trials and single-arm interventions that investigated the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on skeletal muscle mass, strength, and body composition in adults aged 18 years and older. A total of 18,521 studies were retrieved from the databases and manual searches; 21 studies were quality assessed, and the findings were summarized. Studies were categorized into 3 main categories according to the type of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation: pure compounds such as oil tablets, formulated forms with protein, leucine, and vitamin D, and ingredients added to enteral nutrition support products. Overall, the majority of the study results appeared to indicate that omega-3 fatty acids are beneficial for muscle health. However, meta-analysis was not conducted because of the heterogeneity of the study participants, evaluation method of muscle indices, and intervention periods among the studies. High-quality studies are required to validate our conclusions. However, this systematic review of the effects of EPA and DHA on skeletal muscle and body composition provides evidence that can be applied in both clinical and industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Kyoung Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea
| | - So Young Bu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea
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19
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Cochet C, Belloni G, Buondonno I, Chiara F, D’Amelio P. The Role of Nutrition in the Treatment of Sarcopenia in Old Patients: From Restoration of Mitochondrial Activity to Improvement of Muscle Performance, a Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3703. [PMID: 37686735 PMCID: PMC10490489 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related disease characterized by loss of muscle strength, mass and performance. Malnutrition contributes to sarcopenia pathogenesis. The aim of this systematic review is to analyze existing evidence on the efficacy of nutritional supplementation on muscle and mitochondrial health among sarcopenic or malnourished older adults. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), vitamin D and/or omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) on muscle mass, strength and performance and/or on mitochondrial activity and redox state in older sarcopenic and/or malnourished adults. The literature search was on MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Central, restricted to articles published in the last 10 years (2012-2022). Twelve RCTs with a total of 1337 subjects were included. BCAA with vitamin D significantly ameliorates appendicular muscle mass (4 RCTs), hand grip strength (4 RCTs), gait speed (3 RCTs), short physical performance battery (3 RCTs) or chair stand test (3 RCTs) among six out of nine RCTs. BCAA alone (2 RCTs) or PUFA (1 RCT) were not effective in improving muscle health. Mitochondrial function was significantly improved by the administration of BCAA alone (1 RCT) or in association with vitamin D (1 RCT). In conclusion, BCAA in association with vitamin D may be useful in the treatment of sarcopenia and boost mitochondrial bioenergetic and redox activity. PROSPERO CRD42022332288.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Cochet
- Service of Geriatric Medicine and Geriatric Rehabilitation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Lausanne Hospital Centre (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Giulia Belloni
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ilaria Buondonno
- Laboratory of Osteobiology and Aging Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 5 bis, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiara
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, City of Health and Science University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Patrizia D’Amelio
- Service of Geriatric Medicine and Geriatric Rehabilitation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Lausanne Hospital Centre (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Laboratory of Osteobiology and Aging Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 5 bis, 10124 Turin, Italy
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20
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Merchant RA, Chan YH, Anbarasan D, Seetharaman S, Au L, Nachammai V, Lai A, Ho V, Wong BLL, Pang E, Bhaskaran K. Impact of exercise and leucine-enriched protein supplementation on physical function, body composition, and inflammation in pre-frail older adults: a quasi-experimental study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1204198. [PMID: 37644985 PMCID: PMC10461448 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1204198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise and a protein-enriched diet are essential for muscle protein synthesis, cellular growth, mitochondrial function, and immune function. The U.S. Food and Nutrition Board's current guideline on recommended dietary allowance for protein in older adults is 0.8 g/kg per day, which may not be sufficient in vulnerable pre-frail older adults. Aims This study aimed to evaluate the impact of leucine-enriched protein supplementation with or without exercise over 3 months in pre-frail older adults who consumed ≤1 g/kg/day of protein on improving (i) physical function, (ii) body composition measures, and (iii) inflammatory biomarkers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Methods A non-randomized cluster quasi-experimental study guided by the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist of 178 pre-frail older adults [112 control, 44 nutrition (Nu), and 22 in the nutrition with exercise (Nu+Ex) group] comparing the effect of Nu+Ex and Nu on physical function, body composition, and inflammation. At 0, 3, and 6 months, questionnaires on demographics, depression, perceived health, and cognition were administered. Physical function assessment (short physical performance battery [SPPB] test, gait speed, handgrip strength, 5× sit-to-stand [STS]) was conducted, and body composition analysis was performed using a bioelectrical impedance analysis machine. IL-6 and TNF-α were measured at 0 and 3 months. Results At 3 months, there were significant improvements in gait speed, 5× STS, SPPB scores, depression, perceived health, fat-free mass, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass indices in the Nu+Ex group. Both Nu+Ex and Nu groups had improvements in body cell mass and reductions in IL-6 and TNF-α. The improvements were not sustained after 6 months. Conclusion Our study results need to be validated in future longitudinal randomized studies with a larger sample size focusing on populations at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Aziz Merchant
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yiong Huak Chan
- Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Santhosh Seetharaman
- Healthy Ageing Programme, Alexandra Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lydia Au
- Department of Geriatrics Medicine, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vidhya Nachammai
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alexa Lai
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vanda Ho
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Beatrix Ling Ling Wong
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eunice Pang
- Health Promotion Board, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kalpana Bhaskaran
- Glycemic Index Research Unit, School of Applied Science, Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
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21
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Cuyul-Vásquez I, Pezo-Navarrete J, Vargas-Arriagada C, Ortega-Díaz C, Sepúlveda-Loyola W, Hirabara SM, Marzuca-Nassr GN. Effectiveness of Whey Protein Supplementation during Resistance Exercise Training on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength in Older People with Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:3424. [PMID: 37571361 PMCID: PMC10421506 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of whey protein (WP) supplementation during resistance exercise training (RET) vs. RET with or without placebo supplementation on skeletal muscle mass, strength, and physical performance in older people with Sarcopenia. METHODS Electronic searches in the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, SPORTDiscus, Epistemonikos, and CINAHL databases were performed until 20 January 2023. Randomized clinical trials conducted on sarcopenic adults aged 60 or older were included. The studies had to compare the effectiveness of the addition of supplements based on concentrated, isolated, or hydrolyzed whey protein during RET and compare it with RET with or without placebo supplementation on skeletal muscle mass and strength changes. The study selection process, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were carried out by two independent reviewers. RESULTS Seven randomized clinical trials (591 participants) were included, and five of them provided data for quantitative synthesis. The overall pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) estimate showed a small effect size in favor of RET plus WP for skeletal muscle mass according to appendicular muscle index, with statistically significant differences compared with RET with or without the placebo group (SMD = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.42; p = 0.01; I2 = 0%, p = 0.42). The overall pooled mean difference (MD) estimate showed a significant difference of +2.31 kg (MD = 2.31 kg; 95% CI, 0.01 to 4.6; p = 0.05; I2 = 81%, p < 0.001) in handgrip strength in the RET plus WP group compared with the RET group with or without placebo. The narrative synthesis revealed discordance between the results of the studies on physical performance. CONCLUSIONS WP supplementation during RET is more effective in increasing handgrip strength and skeletal muscle mass in older people with Sarcopenia compared with RET with or without placebo supplementation. However, the effect sizes were small, and the MD did not exceed the minimally important clinical difference. The quality of the evidence was low to very low according, to the GRADE approach. Further research is needed in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Cuyul-Vásquez
- Departamento de Procesos Terapéuticos, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4813302, Chile; (I.C.-V.); (J.P.-N.); (C.V.-A.); (C.O.-D.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4810101, Chile
| | - José Pezo-Navarrete
- Departamento de Procesos Terapéuticos, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4813302, Chile; (I.C.-V.); (J.P.-N.); (C.V.-A.); (C.O.-D.)
| | - Cristina Vargas-Arriagada
- Departamento de Procesos Terapéuticos, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4813302, Chile; (I.C.-V.); (J.P.-N.); (C.V.-A.); (C.O.-D.)
| | - Cynthia Ortega-Díaz
- Departamento de Procesos Terapéuticos, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4813302, Chile; (I.C.-V.); (J.P.-N.); (C.V.-A.); (C.O.-D.)
| | - Walter Sepúlveda-Loyola
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Las Americas, Santiago 8370040, Chile;
| | - Sandro Massao Hirabara
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo 01506-000, Brazil;
| | - Gabriel Nasri Marzuca-Nassr
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Claro Solar 115, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Talca 3460000, Chile
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22
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Beaudart C, Reginster JY, Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan J, Bautmans I, Bauer J, Burlet N, Cesari M, Cherubini A, Cooper C, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Dawson-Hughes B, Fielding RA, Harvey NC, Landi F, Laslop A, Maggi S, Montero-Errasquin B, Concepción PYM, Rolland Y, Rizzoli R, Visser M, Bruyère O. Measuring health-related quality of life in sarcopenia: summary of the SarQoL psychometric properties. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:1581-1593. [PMID: 37219755 PMCID: PMC10363087 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Patient perspectives are now widely recognized as a key element in the evaluation of health interventions. Therefore, the provision of specific and validated Patient Reported Outcome Measures that emphasize the lived experience of patients suffering from specific diseases is very important. In the field of sarcopenia, the only validated specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument available is the Sarcopenia Quality of Life questionnaire (SarQoL). This self-administrated HRQoL questionnaire, developed in 2015, consists of 55 items arranged into 22 questions and has currently been translated into 35 languages. Nineteen validation studies performed on SarQoL have consensually confirmed the capacity of SarQoL to detect difference in HRQoL between older people with and without sarcopenia, its reliability and its validity. Two further observational studies have also indicated its responsiveness to change. A short form SarQoL, including only 14 items has further been developed and validated to reduce the potential burden of administration. Research on the psychometric properties of SarQoL questionnaire is still encouraged as the responsiveness to change of SarQoL has not yet been measured in the context of interventional studies, as limited prospective data currently exist and as there is still not cut-off score to define a low HRQoL. In addition, SarQoL has mainly been used in community-dwelling older individuals with sarcopenia and would benefit to be studied in other types of populations. This review aims to provide to researchers, clinicians, regulators, pharmaceutical industries and other stakeholders a clear summary of comprehensive evidence on the SarQoL questionnaire published up to January 2023Query.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Beaudart
- Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, WHO Collaborating Center for Public Health Aspects of Musculo-Skeletal Health and Ageing, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Yves Reginster
- Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, WHO Collaborating Center for Public Health Aspects of Musculo-Skeletal Health and Ageing, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Ivan Bautmans
- Frailty in Ageing Research Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jürgen Bauer
- Center for Geriatric Medicine and Network Aging Research (NAR), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nansa Burlet
- Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, WHO Collaborating Center for Public Health Aspects of Musculo-Skeletal Health and Ageing, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Geriatric Unit, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Cherubini
- Geriatria, Accettazione geriatrica e Centro di ricerca per l'invecchiamento, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Bess Dawson-Hughes
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roger A Fielding
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, USA
| | - Nicholas C Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Francesco Landi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Laslop
- Scientific Office, Austrian Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Yves Rolland
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, CERPOP UMR 1295, University of Toulouse III, Inserm, Toulouse, France
| | - René Rizzoli
- Service of Bone Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marjolein Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier Bruyère
- Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, WHO Collaborating Center for Public Health Aspects of Musculo-Skeletal Health and Ageing, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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23
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Yan X, Xie R, Ding L, Cheng X, Xu J, Lin L, Bai L, Li H, Qiao Y. Relationships between sarcopenia, nutrient intake, and gut microbiota in Chinese community-dwelling older women. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 113:105063. [PMID: 37216814 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship among gut microbiota, sarcopenia components, and influencing factors in female sarcopenic patients has been poorly investigated. METHODS Female participants completed questionnaires of physical activity and dietary frequency and were assessed for the presence of sarcopenia by the Asian Working Group of Sarcopenia 2019 (AWGS 2019) criteria. Fecal samples were collected from 17 sarcopenia and 30 non-sarcopenia subjects for 16S sequencing and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) detection. RESULTS The prevalence of sarcopenia was 19.20% among 276 participants. The dietary protein, fat, dietary fiber, vitamin B1, niacin, vitamin E, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, and cooper intake of sarcopenia were all remarkably low. In addition, the richness of gut microbiota (Chao1 and ACE indexes) was considerably reduced in sarcopenic patients, and the sarcopenic gut microbiota and its metabolite were decreased in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, Agathobacter, Dorea and Butyrate and were enriched in Shigella and Bacteroides. Correlation analysis showed that Agathobacter and Acetate were positively correlated with grip strength and gait speed, respectively, and Bifidobacterium was negatively correlated with grip strength and appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI). Moreover, the protein intake was positively related to Bifidobacterium. CONCLUSIONS This cross-sectional study revealed the alterations of gut microbiota composition, SCFA, and nutrient intake in women with sarcopenia and their relation to sarcopenic components. These results provide insights into further studies on the role of nutrition and gut microbiota in sarcopenia and its use as a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yan
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Ruining Xie
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Lihua Ding
- Guanyinge Street (Transportation) Community Health Service Center, Jining, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cheng
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jiaqian Xu
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Li Bai
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Huaiyuan Li
- Guanyinge Street (Transportation) Community Health Service Center, Jining, China
| | - Yi Qiao
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.
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24
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Byrne T, Cooke J, Bambrick P, McNeela E, Harrison M. Circulating inflammatory biomarker responses in intervention trials in frail and sarcopenic older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol 2023; 177:112199. [PMID: 37156445 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Consistent with the inflammaging concept, cross-sectional associations have been established between inflammatory biomarkers, frailty and sarcopenia. Less certain is the value of inflammatory markers in monitoring potential anti-inflammatory effects of therapeutic interventions targeted at frailty and sarcopenia. The aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis are to determine if there is a measurable change in inflammatory or immune biomarkers in interventions that improve frailty or sarcopenia and 2. To determine if there are specific inflammatory biomarkers with greater sensitivity to change. In total, 3051 articles were scanned with 16, primarily exercise and nutrition interventions, included in the systematic review and 11 in the meta-analysis. At least one of C reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) or tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was reduced in 10 of the 16 review studies but only 3/13 studies reported reductions in multiple markers. CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α were individually sensitive to change in 5/11, 3/12 and 5/12 studies respectively. In meta-analyses, there was a positive effect favouring intervention conditions for CRP (SMD = -0.28, p = 0.05) and IL-6 (SMD = -0.28, p = 0.05) but not TNF- α (SMD = -0.12, p = 0.48). There were specific issues with the quality of these studies which were not designed with an inflammatory marker as the primary outcome. In conclusion, interventions that improve frailty and sarcopenia can also reduce CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α but the literature lacks consistency. We are unable to conclude any one marker as being superior to others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Byrne
- Department of Science, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, South East Technological University, Waterford, Ireland
| | - John Cooke
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland; Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Padraig Bambrick
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Edel McNeela
- Department of Science, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, South East Technological University, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Michael Harrison
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, South East Technological University, Waterford, Ireland.
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25
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Kamińska MS, Rachubińska K, Grochans S, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Cybulska AM, Grochans E, Karakiewicz B. The Impact of Whey Protein Supplementation on Sarcopenia Progression among the Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:2039. [PMID: 37432157 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to investigate the role of whey protein supplementation in the functioning of the elderly with sarcopenia. The aim was to investigate the available scientific evidence and determine the best recommendations with respect to whey protein supplementation in sarcopenic patients. Methods: Databases, including CINAHL, Embase PubMed, and Web of Science, were searched from database inception until 31 December 2022 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy of whey protein supplementation in the elderly with sarcopenia. Data on study design, risk of bias, patient, illness, and treatment characteristics from each study were independently extracted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The tool "assessing risk of bias" from the Cochrane Handbook was used to evaluate the quality of the included papers. Results: The search identified 629 records; 590 articles were excluded as duplicates or after evaluation at the title or abstract level. Out of 39 full-text articles that were reviewed, 29 were excluded for not fulfilling the inclusion criteria. There is some evidence that whey protein supplementation combined with age-appropriate physical exercise might improve muscle mass and lower limb function in the elderly with sarcopenia. The present meta-analysis demonstrated overall that whey supplementation does not improve any of the tested sarcopenia-linked parameters. However, we found that study duration (weeks) and age significantly affect the handgrip strength rate and the chair and stand test rate, respectively, so consideration should be given to oral supplementation combined with the age of participants and an appropriate physical activity as a form of sarcopenia prevention in the high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Sylwia Kamińska
- Subdepartment of Long-Term Care and Palliative Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 48 Żołnierska, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kamila Rachubińska
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 48 Żołnierska, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Szymon Grochans
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 48 Żołnierska, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka
- Department of Biochemical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 24 Broniewskiego, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Cybulska
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 48 Żołnierska, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Grochans
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 48 Żołnierska, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Beata Karakiewicz
- Subdepartment of Social Medicine and Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 48 Żołnierska, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
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26
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Arosio B, Calvani R, Ferri E, Coelho-Junior HJ, Carandina A, Campanelli F, Ghiglieri V, Marzetti E, Picca A. Sarcopenia and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: Targeting the Muscle-Brain Axis. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081853. [PMID: 37111070 PMCID: PMC10142447 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Declines in physical performance and cognition are commonly observed in older adults. The geroscience paradigm posits that a set of processes and pathways shared among age-associated conditions may also serve as a molecular explanation for the complex pathophysiology of physical frailty, sarcopenia, and cognitive decline. Mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, metabolic alterations, declines in cellular stemness, and altered intracellular signaling have been observed in muscle aging. Neurological factors have also been included among the determinants of sarcopenia. Neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) are synapses bridging nervous and skeletal muscle systems with a relevant role in age-related musculoskeletal derangement. Patterns of circulating metabolic and neurotrophic factors have been associated with physical frailty and sarcopenia. These factors are mostly related to disarrangements in protein-to-energy conversion as well as reduced calorie and protein intake to sustain muscle mass. A link between sarcopenia and cognitive decline in older adults has also been described with a possible role for muscle-derived mediators (i.e., myokines) in mediating muscle-brain crosstalk. Herein, we discuss the main molecular mechanisms and factors involved in the muscle-brain axis and their possible implication in cognitive decline in older adults. An overview of current behavioral strategies that allegedly act on the muscle-brain axis is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Arosio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Evelyn Ferri
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Junior
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelica Carandina
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Campanelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Ghiglieri
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- San Raffaele University, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, 70100 Casamassima, Italy
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27
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Li ML, Kor PPK, Sui YF, Liu JYW. Health maintenance through home-based interventions for community-dwelling older people with sarcopenia during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol 2023; 174:112128. [PMID: 36804363 PMCID: PMC9941010 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly impacted people's lifestyles and changed the delivery of health interventions, especially interventions for community-dwelling older people with sarcopenia. OBJECTIVE To summarize the components and explore the effectiveness of home-based interventions for improving sarcopenia and other health-related outcomes among community-dwelling older people with sarcopenia. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS The Cochrane Library, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, Medline (via PubMed), and PsycINFO were searched for relevant papers published from January 1, 2010 to March 29, 2022. Only papers written in English were included. The modified version of Cochrane's risk-of-bias tool was used to assess the risks of bias in the included studies. The template for intervention description and replication checklist was used to summarize the intervention components. The mean difference (MD) or standard mean difference with a 95 % confidence interval (CI) was used to determine the effect size of studies using the same or different measuring methods. Random-effects models were in meta-analyses to pool the effects of home-based interventions on the included outcomes. RESULTS After detailed screening and exclusion, 11 randomized controlled trials including 1136 older people with sarcopenia were included in our analyses. Three categories of home-based interventions were identified: exercise interventions, nutritional interventions, and combined exercise and nutritional interventions. The overall analysis of the outcomes (e.g., appendicular skeletal muscle mass index, lean mass, body fat mass, handgrip strength, and gait speed), showed that the effects of home-based exercise interventions were inconclusive. Compared with passive controls, home-based exercise interventions significantly improved knee extension strength (MD = 0.56 kg, 95 % CI: 0.09, 1.03, p = 0.020) and reduced the time required to complete the Timed Up and Go Test (MD = -1.41 s, 95 % CI: -2.28, -0.54, p = 0.001). Home-based nutritional interventions were effective in improving appendicular skeletal muscle mass (MD = 0.25 kg, 95 % CI: 0.02, 0.49, p = 0.030), gait speed (MD = 0.06 m/s, 95 % CI: 0.03, 0.09, p = 0.0001), and quality of life in terms of both the physical component summary (MD = 13.54, 95 % CI: 0.73, 26.34, p = 0.040) and mental component summary scores (MD = 8.69, 95 % CI: 2.98, 14.41, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION Home-based exercise interventions have the potential to improve muscle strength and physical function, while home-based nutritional interventions are effective in increasing muscle mass, physical function, and quality of life. Both of these can be applied at home during and after the COVID-19 pandemic to alleviate sarcopenia and improve health-related outcomes in community-dwelling older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Li Li
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Patrick Pui-Kin Kor
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yu-Fang Sui
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Justina Yat-Wa Liu
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.
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28
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Wu D, Wang H, Wang W, Qing C, Zhang W, Gao X, Shi Y, Li Y, Zheng Z. Association between composite dietary antioxidant index and handgrip strength in American adults: Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2011-2014). Front Nutr 2023; 10:1147869. [PMID: 37063339 PMCID: PMC10102380 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1147869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI), a composite score of multiple dietary antioxidants (including vitamin A, C, and E, selenium, zinc, and carotenoids), represents an individual’s comprehensive dietary antioxidant intake profile. CDAI was developed based on its combined effect on pro-inflammatory markers Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory effects of Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which are associated with many health outcomes, including depression, all-cause mortality, colorectal cancer, etc. Handgrip strength is used as a simple measure of muscle strength, not only is it highly correlated with overall muscle strength, but also serves as a diagnostic tool for many adverse health outcomes, including sarcopenia and frailty syndromes.PurposeThe association between CDAI and Handgrip strength (HGS) is currently unclear. This study investigated the association between CDAI (including its components) and HGS in 6,019 American adults.MethodThe research data were selected from the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES), and a total of 6,019 American adults were screened and included. A weighted generalized linear regression model was used to evaluate CDAI (including its components) and HGS.Results(1) CDAI was significantly positively correlated with HGS (β = 0.009, 0.005∼0.013, P < 0.001), and the trend test showed that compared with the lowest quartile of CDAI, the highest quartile of CDAI was positively correlated with HGS (β = 0.084, 0.042∼0.126, P = 0.002) and significant in trend test (P for trend < 0.0100). Gender subgroup analysis showed that male CDAI was significantly positively correlated with HGS (β = 0.015, 0.007∼0.023, P = 0.002), and the trend test showed that compared with the lowest quartile of CDAI, the highest quartile of CDAI was positively correlated with HGS (β = 0.131, 0.049∼0.213, P = 0.006) and the trend test was significant (P for trend < 0.0100). There was no correlation between female CDAI and HGS, and the trend test was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). (2) The intake of dietary vitamin E, Zinc and Selenium showed a significant positive correlation with HGS (β = 0.004, 0.002∼0.007, P = 0.006; β = 0.007, 0.004∼0.009, P < 0.001; β = 0.001, 0.001∼0.001, P < 0.001), vitamin A, vitamin C and carotenoid were significantly associated with HGS in the Crude Model, but this significant association disappeared in the complete model with the increase of control variables. Gender subgroup analysis showed that in model 3, male dietary intake levels of vitamin E, Zinc, and Selenium were significantly positively correlated with HGS (β = 0.005, 0.002∼0.009, P = 0.011; β = 0.007, 0.004∼0.011, P = 0.001; β = 0.001, 0.001∼0.001, P = 0.004), the rest of the indicators had no significant correlation with HGS. Among the female subjects, dietary zinc intake was significantly positively correlated with HGS (β = 0.005, 0.001∼0.008, P = 0.008), and there was no significant correlation between other indicators and HGS (P > 0.05).ConclusionThere was an association between the CDAI and HGS, but there was a gender difference, and there was an association between the CDAI and HGS in male, but the association was not significant in female. Intake of the dietary antioxidants vitamin E, selenium, and zinc was associated with HGS in male, but only zinc was associated with HGS among dietary antioxidants in female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhe Wu
- Department of Physical Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Sports Rehabilitation Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Sports Rehabilitation Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Wendi Wang
- Sports Rehabilitation Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Qing
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqiang Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Weiqiang Zhang,
| | - Xiaolin Gao
- Sports Rehabilitation Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
- Xiaolin Gao,
| | - Yongjin Shi
- Department of Physical Education and Art, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Yongjin Shi,
| | - Yanbin Li
- Department of Human Health Science Research, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zicheng Zheng
- Human and Social Sciences, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
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Dzięgielewska-Gęsiak S, Muc-Wierzgoń M. Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Frailty and Metabolic Syndromes-Two Sides of the Same Coin. Metabolites 2023; 13:475. [PMID: 37110134 PMCID: PMC10144989 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In developed countries, aging is often seen as typical, but it is made complicated by many disorders and co-morbidities. Insulin resistance seems to be an underlying pathomechanism in frailty and metabolic syndromes. The decline in insulin sensitivity leads to changes in the oxidant-antioxidant balance and an accelerated inflammatory response, especially by adipocytes and macrophages in adipose tissue, as well as muscle mass density. Thus, in the pathophysiology of syndemic disorders-the metabolic syndrome and frailty syndrome-an extremely important role may be played by increased oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory state. Papers included in this review explored available full texts and the reference lists of relevant studies from the last 20 years, before the end of 2022; we also investigated the PubMed and Google Scholar electronic databases. The online resources describing an elderly population (≥65 years old) published as full texts were searched for the following terms: "oxidative stress and/or inflammation", "frailty and/or metabolic syndrome". Then, all resources were analyzed and narratively described in the context of oxidative stress and/or inflammation markers which underlie pathomechanisms of frailty and/or metabolic syndromes in elderly patients. So far, different metabolic pathways discussed in this review show that a similar pathogenesis underlies the development of the metabolic as well as frailty syndromes in the context of increased oxidative stress and acceleration of inflammation. Thus, we argue that the syndemia of the syndromes represents two sides of the same coin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Dzięgielewska-Gęsiak
- Department of Internal Medicine Prevention, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
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Prokopidis K, Mazidi M, Sankaranarayanan R, Tajik B, McArdle A, Isanejad M. Effects of whey and soy protein supplementation on inflammatory cytokines in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 2023; 129:759-770. [PMID: 35706399 PMCID: PMC9975787 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522001787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Low-grade inflammation is a mediator of muscle proteostasis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of isolated whey and soy proteins on inflammatory markers. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search of randomised controlled trials (RCT) through MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases from inception until September 2021. To determine the effectiveness of isolated proteins on circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6 and TNF-α, a meta-analysis using a random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled effects (CRD42021252603). RESULTS Thirty-one RCT met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. A significant reduction of circulating IL-6 levels following whey protein [Mean Difference (MD): -0·79, 95 % CI: -1·15, -0·42, I2 = 96 %] and TNF-α levels following soy protein supplementation (MD: -0·16, 95 % CI: -0·26, -0·05, I2 = 68 %) was observed. The addition of soy isoflavones exerted a further decline in circulating TNF-α levels (MD: -0·20, 95 % CI: -0·31, -0·08, I2 = 34 %). According to subgroup analysis, whey protein led to a statistically significant decrease in circulating IL-6 levels in individuals with sarcopenia and pre-frailty (MD: -0·98, 95 % CI: -1·56, -0·39, I2 = 0 %). These findings may be dependent on participant characteristics and treatment duration. CONCLUSIONS These data support that whey and soy protein supplementation elicit anti-inflammatory effects by reducing circulating IL-6 and TNF-α levels, respectively. This effect may be enhanced by soy isoflavones and may be more prominent in individuals with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Prokopidis
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rajiv Sankaranarayanan
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Behnam Tajik
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne McArdle
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Masoud Isanejad
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Corresponding author: Masoud Isanejad, email
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31
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Colonetti T, Grande AJ, da Rocha FR, Ronconi Dondossola E, Tuon L, Gomes Batista Teles H, Minotto Bom B, Colonetti L, da Rosa MI. Whey protein and vitamin D supplementation in institutionalized older adults: A randomized trial. Nutr Health 2023; 29:129-138. [PMID: 34894861 DOI: 10.1177/02601060211060665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: The increase in life expectancy and in the number of individuals over 60 years old brings new demands to health professionals and services based on the physiological changes that occur in this population. The aging process results in changes in body composition, increasing body fat and reducing muscle mass, in addition to a reduction in bone mass. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of whey protein and vitamin D supplementation on body composition and skeletal muscle in older adults living in long-term care facilities. Methods: This study is a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Thirty older adults (>60 years old) were randomized and allocated in three groups: group receiving resistance training and supplementation receiving resistance training, whey protein and vitamin D; group received resistance and placebo training receiving resistance training and placebo, and control group without any intervention. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. Results: The mean age was 74.87 (± 8.14) years. A significant difference (p = 0.042) was observed between the group receiving resistance training and supplementation and control groups in relation to lean mass increase (kg) at 24 weeks. After 24 weeks of intervention, there was a significant increase in Relative index of muscle mass for the two groups that underwent resistance training, group received resistance and placebo training (p = 0.042) and group receiving resistance training and supplementation (p = 0.045), in relation to the control. Conclusion: Combined supplementation of whey protein and vitamin D with resistance training can significantly improve lean mass, total mass, and relative index of muscle mass in institutionalized older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamy Colonetti
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Translational, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, 97853Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Antônio Jose Grande
- Laboratory of evidence-based practice, 67708Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Franciani Rodrigues da Rocha
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Translational, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, 97853Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ronconi Dondossola
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Translational, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, 97853Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Tuon
- Graduate Program in Public Health, 97853Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Hajiv Gomes Batista Teles
- Residency program in Family health, 97853Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Bruno Minotto Bom
- Graduate Program in Public Health, 97853Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Laura Colonetti
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Translational, 97853Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês da Rosa
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Translational, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, 97853Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Public Health, 97853Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
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[Whey protein and caseinate supplementation in oncological patients undergoing elective surgery for the modification of functional capacity]. NUTR HOSP 2023; 40:257-265. [PMID: 36880717 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION the nutritional intervention has become a critical point to achieve the reduction of perioperative morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. There are different factors that will play a fundamental role in the evolution and prognosis of this pathology, being the state of nutrition and diet a cornerstone in these aspects. OBJECTIVE to evaluate the perioperative effect of whey protein isolate (WPI) and calcium caseinate (CaCNT) in cancer patients undergoing elective surgery. METHODS randomized controlled clinical trial with three groups: the control group (n = 15), consisting in conventional management by the oncology surgery services, and two intervention groups, one with calcium caseinate supplementation (n = 15) and another one with whey protein isolate supplementation (n = 15) for six weeks perioperatively. Handgrip strength, six-minute walk, and body composition were assessed pre and postoperatively. RESULTS those who were supplemented with WPI maintained their handgrip strength and showed less extracellular water (p < 0.02); also an increase in visceral mass was shown (p < 0.02). Finally, a correlation was found with variables associated with body composition and patient evolution when compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS nutritional supplementation needs to be approached from the functional and metabolic point of view to identify factors that have a favorable impact, as well as the distinction between carcinoma and the type of supplementation to be implemented.
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Aging, Physical Exercise, Telomeres, and Sarcopenia: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020598. [PMID: 36831134 PMCID: PMC9952920 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human aging is a gradual and adaptive process characterized by a decrease in the homeostatic response, leading to biochemical and molecular changes that are driven by hallmarks of aging, such as oxidative stress (OxS), chronic inflammation, and telomere shortening. One of the diseases associated with the hallmarks of aging, which has a great impact on functionality and quality of life, is sarcopenia. However, the relationship between telomere length, sarcopenia, and age-related mortality has not been extensively studied. Moderate physical exercise has been shown to have a positive effect on sarcopenia, decreasing OxS and inflammation, and inducing protective effects on telomeric DNA. This results in decreased DNA strand breaks, reduced OxS and IA, and activation of repair pathways. Higher levels of physical activity are associated with an apparent increase in telomere length. This review aims to present the current state of the art of knowledge on the effect of physical exercise on telomeric maintenance and activation of repair mechanisms in sarcopenia.
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Cheng KYK, Bao Z, Long Y, Liu C, Huang T, Cui C, Chow SKH, Wong RMY, Cheung WH. Sarcopenia and Ageing. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:95-120. [PMID: 37120466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal ageing is a major health challenge as muscles and bones constitute around 55-60% of body weight. Ageing muscles will result in sarcopenia that is characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength with a risk of adverse outcomes. In recent years, a few consensus panels provide new definitions for sarcopenia. It was officially recognized as a disease in 2016 with an ICD-10-CM disease code, M62.84, in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). With the new definitions, there are many studies emerging to investigate the pathogenesis of sarcopenia, exploring new interventions to treat sarcopenia and evaluating the efficacy of combination treatments for sarcopenia. The scope of this chapter is to summarize and appraise the evidence in terms of (1) clinical signs, symptoms, screening, and diagnosis, (2) pathogenesis of sarcopenia with emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction, intramuscular fat infiltration and neuromuscular junction deterioration, and (3) current treatments with regard to physical exercises and nutritional supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Yu-Kin Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhengyuan Bao
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufeng Long
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chaoran Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Can Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ronald Man Yeung Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Hoi Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Samoilova IG, Matveeva MV, Khoroshunova EA, Kudlay DA, Tolmachev IV, Spirina LV, Mosienko IV, Yun VE, Trifonova EI, Zakharchuk PI, Vachadze TD, Shuliko LM, Galiukova DE, Mutalimi VE. Body composition in sarcopenia in middle-aged individuals. TERAPEVT ARKH 2022; 94:1149-1154. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.10.201878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is characterized by a progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and function, leading to poor outcomes and reduced quality of life. In middle age, the decrease in muscle mass begins to be progressive. Bioimpedancemetry allows diagnosing this condition before the onset of clinical symptoms.
The purpose of the study: to evaluate the parameters of body composition in the early diagnosis of sarcopenia in middle-aged people.
Materials and Methods: The participants were divided into two groups the main one with sarcopenia 146 people and the control group 75 people. The complex of examinations included: neuropsychological testing (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), quality of life questionnaire for patients with sarcopenia (SarQoL), short health assessment form (SF-36)), 4-meter walking speed test, dynamometry and bioimpedancemetry.
The results of neuropsychological examination did not differ in the main and control groups. Patients with sarcopenia showed a decrease in muscle strength according to dynamometry. The scores of the walking speed assessment test in the study group were significantly higher than in the control group. The main and control groups had excessive body weight. According to the results of bioimpedanceometry, the main group had increased fat mass, percentage of fat mass, visceral fat area, and fat mass index compared with the control group. Skeletal muscle mass was less in the main group, probable sarcopenia was confirmed by decreased appendicular mass, decreased protein and mineral content was also recorded. There was a more pronounced decrease in cell mass in the main group. In patients with sarcopenia the volume of intracellular and extracellular fluid was less than in the control group. Significant differences were considered at p0.05.
Conclusions: the introduction of bioimpedancemetry and dynamometry into early screening for muscle mass reduction will allow timely start of therapeutic and preventive measures even in middle age, which will lead to a decrease in the progression of sarcopenia in the elderly, as well as improve the quality of life.
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Functional Nutrients to Ameliorate Neurogenic Muscle Atrophy. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12111149. [DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenic muscle atrophy is a debilitating condition that occurs from nerve trauma in association with diseases or during aging, leading to reduced interaction between motoneurons and skeletal fibers. Current therapeutic approaches aiming at preserving muscle mass in a scenario of decreased nervous input include physical activity and employment of drugs that slow down the progression of the condition yet provide no concrete resolution. Nutritional support appears as a precious tool, adding to the success of personalized medicine, and could thus play a relevant part in mitigating neurogenic muscle atrophy. We herein summarize the molecular pathways triggered by denervation of the skeletal muscle that could be affected by functional nutrients. In this narrative review, we examine and discuss studies pertaining to the use of functional ingredients to counteract neurogenic muscle atrophy, focusing on their preventive or curative means of action within the skeletal muscle. We reviewed experimental models of denervation in rodents and in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as that caused by aging, considering the knowledge generated with use of animal experimental models and, also, from human studies.
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Chen SY, Wang TY, Zhao C, Wang HJ. Oxidative stress bridges the gut microbiota and the occurrence of frailty syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:5547-5556. [PMID: 36304085 PMCID: PMC9594011 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i38.5547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of frailty gradually increases with age. This condition places a heavy burden on modern society, of which the aging population is increasing. Frailty is one of the most complicated clinical syndromes; thus, it is difficult to uncover its underlying mechanisms. Oxidative stress (OS) is involved in frailty in multiple ways. The association between the gut microbiota (GM) and frailty was recently reported. Herein, we propose that OS is involved in the association between the GM and the occurrence of frailty syndrome. An imbalance between oxidation and antioxidants can eventually lead to frailty, and the GM probably participates in this process through the production of reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, OS can disturb the GM. Such dysbiosis consequently induces or exacerbates tissue damage, leading to the occurrence of frailty syndrome. Finally, we discuss the possibility of improving frailty by intervening in the vicious cycle between the imbalance of OS and dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yue Chen
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, College of Fundamental Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Tong-Yao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui-Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, College of Fundamental Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science, Shanghai 201318, China
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Mori H, Tokuda Y, Yoshida E, Uchida K, Matsuhisa M. Chronic Intake of a Meal Including Alaska Pollack Protein Increases Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength in Healthy Older Women: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr 2022; 152:2761-2770. [PMID: 36138493 PMCID: PMC9839984 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In animal studies, a meal containing Alaska pollack protein (APP) induces fast-twitch muscle hypertrophy. To our knowledge, no interventional studies have examined the benefits of APP intake on muscle mass and muscle weakness and the prevention of sarcopenia in older individuals. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the effects of APP intake on skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance among healthy community-dwelling older Japanese women. METHODS In this double-blind randomized controlled trial, healthy women ≥ 65 y old were allocated to an APP or whey protein control (CON) group. Participants ingested test protein meals (5.0-5.1 g protein/serving) daily for 24 wk. Between-group differences in the change of skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) as the primary outcome and muscle strength as a secondary outcome were tested using multifrequency BIA and a handheld dynamometer, respectively, at baseline, and 4, 12, and 24 wk. The mean changes in the measured primary and secondary outcome variables from baseline to 4, 12, and 24 wk were compared using unpaired t tests. RESULTS There were no between-group differences in nutritional status, food intake, or total energy and protein intakes at baseline, 12 wk, or 24 wk. The change in SMI was 0.12 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.23 kg/m2) and 0.11 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.19 kg/m2) greater in the APP group than in the CON group at 12 wk and 24 wk (P ≤ 0.03) and knee extension strength was 0.07 Nm/kg BW (95% CI: 0.02, 0.12 Nm/kg BW) and 0.05 Nm/kg BW (95% CI: 0.00, 0.09 Nm/kg BW) higher in the APP group than in the CON group at these times (P ≤ 0.015), respectively. The groups did not differ at 4 wk. CONCLUSIONS Daily intake of a meal containing APP compared with whey protein increases skeletal muscle mass and lower-extremity muscle strength in healthy older women, suggesting that an APP-containing meal may be useful in the prevention of sarcopenia in this group.This trial was registered at as UMIN000035718.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eriko Yoshida
- Food Function R&D Center, Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Uchida
- Food Function R&D Center, Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Munehide Matsuhisa
- Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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Chen M, Wang Y, Deng S, Lian Z, Yu K. Skeletal muscle oxidative stress and inflammation in aging: Focus on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:964130. [PMID: 36111339 PMCID: PMC9470179 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.964130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
With aging, the progressive loss of skeletal muscle will have negative effect on multiple physiological parameters, such as exercise, respiration, thermoregulation, and metabolic homeostasis. Accumulating evidence reveals that oxidative stress and inflammation are the main pathological characteristics of skeletal muscle during aging. Here, we focus on aging-related sarcopenia, summarize the relationship between aging and sarcopenia, and elaborate on aging-mediated oxidative stress and oxidative damage in skeletal muscle and its critical role in the occurrence and development of sarcopenia. In addition, we discuss the production of excessive reactive oxygen species in aging skeletal muscle, which reduces the ability of skeletal muscle satellite cells to participate in muscle regeneration, and analyze the potential molecular mechanism of ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in aging skeletal muscle. Furthermore, we have also paid extensive attention to the possibility and potential regulatory pathways of skeletal muscle aging and oxidative stress mediate inflammation. Finally, in response to the abnormal activity of oxidative stress and inflammation during aging, we summarize several potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory strategies for the treatment of sarcopenia, which may provide beneficial help for improving sarcopenia during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyi Wang
- Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization, Lin’an, China
| | - Shoulong Deng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengxing Lian, ; Kun Yu,
| | - Kun Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengxing Lian, ; Kun Yu,
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Associations of Nutrition-Related, Physical, and Social Factors and Their Combinations with Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Kashiwa Cohort Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173544. [PMID: 36079802 PMCID: PMC9460705 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sarcopenia is a major cause of frailty, which relates to nutrition-related, physical, and social factors. In this study, we aimed to discuss the cross-sectional association of sarcopenia with the above three factors both individually and comprehensively. Methods: Overall, 1257 older adults (≥65 years old) participated in this study. Sarcopenia was determined via the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. The independent variables for nutrition-related, physical, and social factors and especially their criteria for health condition were defined separately. Binomial logistic regression analysis was carried out to testify the associations of sarcopenia with three factors individually and in combination. Results: The mean age was 74.6 (±5.5), and women were 47.7%. Sarcopenia prevalence was 7.5%. Participants who did not meet the criteria of nutritional health, physical fitness, or social robustness independently had significant associations with a higher adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of sarcopenia or its indices of lower grip strength, muscle mass, or gait speed. In comparison to participants meeting three criteria, those who met two, one, or none showed (marginally) significant association with increased aOR for sarcopenia (aOR (95% confidence interval)): two: 1.97 (0.84–4.64); one: 2.35 (1.00–5.23); none: 5.52 (2.30–13.23). Conclusions: Comprehensive countermeasures with the above three factors are indispensable for sarcopenia prevention.
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Metabolic Pathways and Ion Channels Involved in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy: A Starting Point for Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162566. [PMID: 36010642 PMCID: PMC9406740 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissue has the important function of supporting and defending the organism. It is the largest apparatus in the human body, and its function is important for contraction and movements. In addition, it is involved in the regulation of protein synthesis and degradation. In fact, inhibition of protein synthesis and/or activation of catabolism determines a pathological condition called muscle atrophy. Muscle atrophy is a reduction in muscle mass resulting in a partial or complete loss of function. It has been established that many physiopathological conditions can cause a reduction in muscle mass. Nevertheless, it is not well known that the molecular mechanisms and signaling processes caused this dramatic event. There are multiple concomitant processes involved in muscle atrophy. In fact, the gene transcription of some factors, oxidative stress mechanisms, and the alteration of ion transport through specific ion channels may contribute to muscle function impairment. In this review, we focused on the molecular mechanisms responsible for muscle damage and potential drugs to be used to alleviate this disabling condition.
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Besora-Moreno M, E L, R-M V, L T, A P, R S. Antioxidant-rich foods, antioxidant supplements, and sarcopenia in old-young adults ≥55 years old: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2308-2324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sanz-Cánovas J, López-Sampalo A, Cobos-Palacios L, Ricci M, Hernández-Negrín H, Mancebo-Sevilla JJ, Álvarez-Recio E, López-Carmona MD, Pérez-Belmonte LM, Gómez-Huelgas R, Bernal-López MR. Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Elderly Patients with Frailty and/or Sarcopenia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148677. [PMID: 35886528 PMCID: PMC9318510 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The life expectancy of the population is increasing worldwide due to improvements in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases. This favors a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the elderly. Sarcopenia and frailty are also frequently present in aging. These three entities share common mechanisms such as insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The coexistence of these situations worsens the prognosis of elderly patients. In this paper, we review the main measures for the prevention and management of sarcopenia and/or frailty in elderly patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Sanz-Cánovas
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga (UMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (A.L.-S.); (L.C.-P.); (M.R.); (H.H.-N.); (J.J.M.-S.); (E.Á.-R.); (M.D.L.-C.); (L.M.P.-B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand), 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Almudena López-Sampalo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga (UMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (A.L.-S.); (L.C.-P.); (M.R.); (H.H.-N.); (J.J.M.-S.); (E.Á.-R.); (M.D.L.-C.); (L.M.P.-B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand), 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Lidia Cobos-Palacios
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga (UMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (A.L.-S.); (L.C.-P.); (M.R.); (H.H.-N.); (J.J.M.-S.); (E.Á.-R.); (M.D.L.-C.); (L.M.P.-B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand), 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Michele Ricci
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga (UMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (A.L.-S.); (L.C.-P.); (M.R.); (H.H.-N.); (J.J.M.-S.); (E.Á.-R.); (M.D.L.-C.); (L.M.P.-B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand), 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Halbert Hernández-Negrín
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga (UMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (A.L.-S.); (L.C.-P.); (M.R.); (H.H.-N.); (J.J.M.-S.); (E.Á.-R.); (M.D.L.-C.); (L.M.P.-B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand), 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan José Mancebo-Sevilla
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga (UMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (A.L.-S.); (L.C.-P.); (M.R.); (H.H.-N.); (J.J.M.-S.); (E.Á.-R.); (M.D.L.-C.); (L.M.P.-B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand), 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Elena Álvarez-Recio
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga (UMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (A.L.-S.); (L.C.-P.); (M.R.); (H.H.-N.); (J.J.M.-S.); (E.Á.-R.); (M.D.L.-C.); (L.M.P.-B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand), 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - María Dolores López-Carmona
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga (UMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (A.L.-S.); (L.C.-P.); (M.R.); (H.H.-N.); (J.J.M.-S.); (E.Á.-R.); (M.D.L.-C.); (L.M.P.-B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand), 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Pérez-Belmonte
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga (UMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (A.L.-S.); (L.C.-P.); (M.R.); (H.H.-N.); (J.J.M.-S.); (E.Á.-R.); (M.D.L.-C.); (L.M.P.-B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand), 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gómez-Huelgas
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga (UMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (A.L.-S.); (L.C.-P.); (M.R.); (H.H.-N.); (J.J.M.-S.); (E.Á.-R.); (M.D.L.-C.); (L.M.P.-B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand), 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.G.-H.); (M.R.B.-L.); Tel.: +34-951291169 (R.G.-H.); +34-951290346 (M.R.B.-L.)
| | - Maria Rosa Bernal-López
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga (UMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (A.L.-S.); (L.C.-P.); (M.R.); (H.H.-N.); (J.J.M.-S.); (E.Á.-R.); (M.D.L.-C.); (L.M.P.-B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand), 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.G.-H.); (M.R.B.-L.); Tel.: +34-951291169 (R.G.-H.); +34-951290346 (M.R.B.-L.)
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Nutritional and Nutrition-Related Biomarkers as Prognostic Factors of Sarcopenia, and Their Role in Disease Progression. Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10030042. [PMID: 35892736 PMCID: PMC9326750 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the multifactorial pathogenesis of sarcopenia, it is crucial to identify biomarkers that are risk factors for sarcopenia, and which therefore have a prognostic function. Aim: This narrative review aims to define a set of biomarkers associated with nutrition and sarcopenia. These biomarkers could contribute to individualized monitoring and enable preventive and therapeutic methods. Methods: Two electronic databases, PubMed and Google Scholar, were used. The search strategy was based on a controlled vocabulary (MeSH) and includes studies published up to February 2022. Discussion: Higher levels of serum uric acid are associated with higher handgrip strength and better muscle function in elderly people and, thus, may slow the progression of sarcopenia. Leptin, an adipokine secreted by adipose tissue, promotes the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn lead to sarcopenia. This makes leptin a significant indirect biomarker for physical disability and sarcopenic obesity. Additionally, creatinine is a reliable biomarker for muscle mass status because of its easy accessibility and cost-effectiveness. Vitamin D status acts as a useful biomarker for predicting total mortality, hip fractures, early death, and the development of sarcopenia. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in dietary antioxidants and their effects on age-related losses of muscle mass and function. On the other hand, 3-Methylhistidine is a valuable biomarker for detecting increased muscle catabolism, as it is excreted through urine during muscle degradation. In addition, IGF-1, whose concentration in plasma is stimulated by food intake, is associated with the loss of skeletal muscle mass, which probably plays a crucial role in the progression of sarcopenia. Conclusions: Many nutritional biomarkers were found to be associated with sarcopenia, and can therefore be used as prognostic indexes and risk factors. Nutrition plays an important role in the prevention and management of sarcopenia, affecting muscle mass, strength, and function in elderly people.
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Griffen C, Renshaw D, Duncan M, Weickert MO, Hattersley J. Changes in 24-h energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, and body composition following resistance exercise and a high protein diet via whey protein supplementation in healthy older men. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15268. [PMID: 37815091 PMCID: PMC9332127 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate changes in 24-h energy expenditure (EE), substrate oxidation, and body composition following resistance exercise (RE) and a high protein diet via whey protein supplementation (alone and combined) in healthy older men. METHODS In a pooled groups analysis, 33 healthy older men [(mean ± SE) age: 67 ± 1 years; BMI: 25.4 ± 0.4 kg/m2] were randomized to either RE (2×/week; n = 17) or non-exercise (n = 16) and either a high protein diet via whey protein supplementation (PRO, 2 × 25 g whey protein isolate/d; n = 17) or control (CON, 2 × 23.75 g maltodextrin/d; n = 16). An exploratory sub-analysis was also conducted between RE+CON (n = 8) and RE+PRO (n = 9). At baseline and 12 weeks, participants resided in respiration chambers for measurement of 24-h EE and substrate oxidation and wore an accelerometer for 7 days for estimation of free-living EE. RESULTS Resistance exercise resulted in greater increases in fat-free mass (1.0 ± 0.3 kg), resting metabolic rate [(RMR) 36 ± 14 kcal/d], sedentary EE (60 ± 33 kcal/d), and sleeping metabolic rate [(SMR) 45 ± 7 kcal/d] compared to non-exercise (p < 0.05); however, RE decreased activity energy expenditure in free-living (-90 ± 25 kcal/d; p = 0.049) and non-exercise activity inside the respiration chamber (-1.9 ± 1.1%; p = 0.049). PRO decreased fat mass [(FM) -0.5 ± 0.3 kg], increased overnight protein oxidation (30 ± 6 g/d), and decreased 24-h protein balance (-20 ± 4 g/d) greater than CON (p < 0.05). RE+PRO decreased FM (-1.0 ± 0.5 kg) greater than RE+CON (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Resistance exercise significantly increased RMR, SMR, and sedentary EE in healthy older men, but not total EE. PRO alone and combined with RE decreased FM and aided body weight maintenance. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03299972.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corbin Griffen
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life SciencesResearch Institute for Health and WellbeingCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
- Human Metabolism Research UnitUniversity Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventryUK
| | - Derek Renshaw
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life SciencesResearch Institute for Health and WellbeingCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
| | - Michael Duncan
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life SciencesResearch Institute for Health and WellbeingCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
- School of Life SciencesFaculty of Health and Life SciencesCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
| | - Martin O. Weickert
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life SciencesResearch Institute for Health and WellbeingCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesUniversity Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventryUK
- Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
| | - John Hattersley
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life SciencesResearch Institute for Health and WellbeingCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
- Human Metabolism Research UnitUniversity Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventryUK
- School of EngineeringUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
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Chen L, Arai H, Assantachai P, Akishita M, Chew ST, Dumlao LC, Duque G, Woo J. Roles of nutrition in muscle health of community-dwelling older adults: evidence-based expert consensus from Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:1653-1672. [PMID: 35307982 PMCID: PMC9178363 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
General muscle health declines with age, and in particular, sarcopenia-defined as progressive loss of muscle mass and strength/physical performance-is a growing issue in Asia with a rising population of community-dwelling older adults. Several guidelines have addressed early identification of sarcopenia and management, and although nutrition is central to treatment of sarcopenia, there are currently few guidelines that have examined this specifically in the Asian population. Therefore, the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia established a special interest group (SIG) comprising seven experts across Asia and one from Australia, to develop an evidence-based expert consensus. A systematic literature search was conducted using MEDLINE on the topic of muscle health, from 2016 (inclusive) to July 2021, in Asia or with relevance to healthy, Asian community-dwelling older adults (≥60 years old). Several key topics were identified: (1) nutritional status: malnutrition and screening; (2) diet and dietary factors; (3) nutritional supplementation; (4) lifestyle interventions plus nutrition; and (5) outcomes and assessment. Clinical questions were developed around these topics, leading to 14 consensus statements. Consensus was achieved using the modified Delphi method with two rounds of voting. Moreover, the consensus addressed the impacts of COVID-19 on nutrition, muscle health, and sarcopenia in Asia. These statements encompass clinical expertise and knowledge across Asia and are aligned with findings in the current literature, to provide a practical framework for addressing muscle health in the community, with the overall aim to encourage and facilitate broader access to equitable care for this target population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang‐Kung Chen
- Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging SciencesNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Taipei Municipal Gan‐Dau HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
| | | | - Masahiro Akishita
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Samuel T.H. Chew
- Department of Geriatric MedicineChangi General Hospital, SingHealthSingapore
| | | | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS)The University of Melbourne and Western HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jean Woo
- Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
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Uchida T, Sekine R, Matsuo K, Kigawa G, Umemoto T, Tanaka K. Impact of body fat and muscle quantity on short- and long-term outcome after gastrectomy for cancer. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:1467-1474. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Biomarker Changes in Response to a 12-Week Supplementation of an Oral Nutritional Supplement Enriched with Protein, Vitamin D and HMB in Malnourished Community Dwelling Older Adults with Sarcopenia. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061196. [PMID: 35334853 PMCID: PMC8953113 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition and sarcopenia commonly overlap and contribute to adverse health outcomes. Previously, chronic supplementation with two oral nutritional supplements (ONS), control (CONS) and experimental ONS enriched with protein, vitamin D and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) (EONS), improved muscle strength and quality in malnourished sarcopenic older adults, with EONS demonstrating early strength benefits at 12 weeks. To understand the underlying biological mechanisms contributing to the observed early strength benefits of EONS, we examined serum biomarker changes in response to 12-week supplementation. Serum samples (EONS (n = 90) and CONS (n = 103)) collected at baseline and 12 weeks were analyzed. Biomarkers (n = 243) were measured using multiplexed immunoassay, commercial immunoassays and ELISAs. Sixty markers were excluded with levels below assay detection limits. Sixteen biomarkers significantly changed in response to both interventions including nutritional and metabolic markers. Thirteen biomarkers significantly changed in response to EONS but not CONS. Increases in immunoglobulins, myoglobin, total protein, vitamin E and magnesium were observed with EONS. Inflammation-related ferritin and osteopontin decreased, while soluble receptors for cytokines increased, suggesting decreased inflammation. Sex hormone-binding globulin associated with sarcopenia also decreased with EONS. Biomarkers reflective of multiple biological systems were impacted by nutritional intervention in sarcopenic older adults. Incremental biomarker changes were observed in response to EONS containing HMB that possibly link to improvements in skeletal muscle health.
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Negm AM, Lee J, Hamidian R, Jones CA, Khadaroo RG. Management of Sarcopenia: A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2022; 23:707-714. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2022.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Effects of an increased habitual dietary protein intake followed by resistance training on fitness, muscle quality and body composition of seniors: a randomised controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:1034-1045. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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