1
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Nandagopal S, Terrio A, Vicente FZ, Megason SG, Jambhekar A, Lahav G. Activation-derepression synergy enables a bHLH network to coordinate a signal-specific fate response. Cell Rep 2024; 43:115077. [PMID: 39671287 PMCID: PMC11774475 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.115077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 11/25/2024] [Indexed: 12/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cells integrate multiple environmental signals to activate appropriate fate programs. To ensure coherent responses, alternative fates must be concomitantly inactivated. However, mechanisms that coordinate fates in a signal-specific manner are not fully understood. Here, we investigate the role of a network of basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors in neural stem cells, which integrate leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling to synergistically induce glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a key astrocyte-fate determinant. Using quantitative RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and ectopic expression, we find that multiple bHLHs that promote alternative fates also repress GFAP but are all suppressed by BMP and, to a lesser extent, LIF. Mathematical modeling shows that synergy arises from this coordinated derepression of GFAP combined with its activation by LIF signaling. Finally, we determine how coordinated and tunable derepression results from extensive cross-regulation among bHLHs. Activation-derepression synergy could be broadly utilized to couple signaling and fate, particularly across the numerous developmental systems regulated by bHLH factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Nandagopal
- Department of Systems Biology, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Alexsandra Terrio
- Department of Systems Biology, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fernando Z Vicente
- Department of Systems Biology, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sean G Megason
- Department of Systems Biology, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ashwini Jambhekar
- Department of Systems Biology, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Galit Lahav
- Department of Systems Biology, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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2
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González-Reyes M, Aragón J, Sánchez-Trujillo A, Rodríguez-Martínez G, Duarte K, Eleftheriou E, Barnier JV, Naquin D, Thermes C, Romo-Yáñez J, Roger JE, Rendon A, Vaillend C, Montanez C. Expression of Dystrophin Dp71 Splice Variants Is Temporally Regulated During Rodent Brain Development. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:10883-10900. [PMID: 38802640 PMCID: PMC11584426 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04232-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Dystrophin Dp71 is the major product of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene in the brain, and its loss in DMD patients and mouse models leads to cognitive impairments. Dp71 is expressed as a range of proteins generated by alternative splicing of exons 71 to 74 and 78, classified in the main Dp71d and Dp71f groups that contain specific C-terminal ends. However, it is unknown whether each isoform has a specific role in distinct cell types, brain regions, and/or stages of brain development. In the present study, we characterized the expression of Dp71 isoforms during fetal (E10.5, E15.5) and postnatal (P1, P7, P14, P21 and P60) mouse and rat brain development. We finely quantified the expression of several Dp71 transcripts by RT-PCR and cloning assays in samples from whole-brain and distinct brain structures. The following Dp71 transcripts were detected: Dp71d, Dp71d∆71, Dp71d∆74, Dp71d∆71,74, Dp71d∆71-74, Dp71f, Dp71f∆71, Dp71f∆74, Dp71f∆71,74, and Dp71fΔ71-74. We found that the Dp71f isoform is the main transcript expressed at E10.5 (> 80%), while its expression is then progressively reduced and replaced by the expression of isoforms of the Dp71d group from E15.5 to postnatal and adult ages. This major finding was confirmed by third-generation nanopore sequencing. In addition, we found that the level of expression of specific Dp71 isoforms varies as a function of postnatal stages and brain structure. Our results suggest that Dp71 isoforms have different and complementary roles during embryonic and postnatal brain development, likely taking part in a variety of maturation processes in distinct cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayram González-Reyes
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Saclay, 91400, France
| | - Jorge Aragón
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université-INSERM-CNRS, 17 rue Moreau, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Alejandra Sánchez-Trujillo
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Griselda Rodríguez-Martínez
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Kevin Duarte
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Saclay, 91400, France
| | - Evangelia Eleftheriou
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France
| | - Jean-Vianney Barnier
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Saclay, 91400, France
| | - Delphine Naquin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France
| | - Claude Thermes
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France
| | - José Romo-Yáñez
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université-INSERM-CNRS, 17 rue Moreau, Paris, 75012, France
- Coordinación de Endocrinología Ginecológica y Perinatal, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jérome E Roger
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Saclay, 91400, France
- CERTO-Retina France, Saclay, 91400, France
| | - Alvaro Rendon
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université-INSERM-CNRS, 17 rue Moreau, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Cyrille Vaillend
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Saclay, 91400, France.
| | - Cecilia Montanez
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico.
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3
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Sánchez-Ramírez E, Ung TPL, Stringari C, Aguilar-Arnal L. Emerging Functional Connections Between Metabolism and Epigenetic Remodeling in Neural Differentiation. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:6688-6707. [PMID: 38340204 PMCID: PMC11339152 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04006-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Stem cells possess extraordinary capacities for self-renewal and differentiation, making them highly valuable in regenerative medicine. Among these, neural stem cells (NSCs) play a fundamental role in neural development and repair processes. NSC characteristics and fate are intricately regulated by the microenvironment and intracellular signaling. Interestingly, metabolism plays a pivotal role in orchestrating the epigenome dynamics during neural differentiation, facilitating the transition from undifferentiated NSC to specialized neuronal and glial cell types. This intricate interplay between metabolism and the epigenome is essential for precisely regulating gene expression patterns and ensuring proper neural development. This review highlights the mechanisms behind metabolic regulation of NSC fate and their connections with epigenetic regulation to shape transcriptional programs of stemness and neural differentiation. A comprehensive understanding of these molecular gears appears fundamental for translational applications in regenerative medicine and personalized therapies for neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Sánchez-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Thi Phuong Lien Ung
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Chiara Stringari
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Lorena Aguilar-Arnal
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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4
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Liang S, Zhou J, Yu X, Lu S, Liu R. Neuronal conversion from glia to replenish the lost neurons. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1446-1453. [PMID: 38051886 PMCID: PMC10883502 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.386400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Neuronal injury, aging, and cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases such as cerebral infarction, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease are characterized by significant neuronal loss. Unfortunately, the neurons of most mammals including humans do not possess the ability to self-regenerate. Replenishment of lost neurons becomes an appealing therapeutic strategy to reverse the disease phenotype. Transplantation of pluripotent neural stem cells can supplement the missing neurons in the brain, but it carries the risk of causing gene mutation, tumorigenesis, severe inflammation, and obstructive hydrocephalus induced by brain edema. Conversion of neural or non-neural lineage cells into functional neurons is a promising strategy for the diseases involving neuron loss, which may overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages of neural stem cell therapy. Thus far, many strategies to transform astrocytes, fibroblasts, microglia, Müller glia, NG2 cells, and other glial cells to mature and functional neurons, or for the conversion between neuronal subtypes have been developed through the regulation of transcription factors, polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1), and small chemical molecules or are based on a combination of several factors and the location in the central nervous system. However, some recent papers did not obtain expected results, and discrepancies exist. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the history of neuronal transdifferentiation, summarize the strategies for neuronal replenishment and conversion from glia, especially astrocytes, and point out that biosafety, new strategies, and the accurate origin of the truly converted neurons in vivo should be focused upon in future studies. It also arises the attention of replenishing the lost neurons from glia by gene therapies such as up-regulation of some transcription factors or down-regulation of PTBP1 or drug interference therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruitian Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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5
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Vancheri C, Quatrana A, Morini E, Mariotti C, Mongelli A, Fichera M, Rufini A, Condò I, Testi R, Novelli G, Malisan F, Amati F. An RNA-seq study in Friedreich ataxia patients identified hsa-miR-148a-3p as a putative prognostic biomarker of the disease. Hum Genomics 2024; 18:50. [PMID: 38778374 PMCID: PMC11110315 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00602-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a life-threatening hereditary ataxia; its incidence is 1:50,000 individuals in the Caucasian population. A unique therapeutic drug for FRDA, the antioxidant Omaveloxolone, has been recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). FRDA is a multi-systemic neurodegenerative disease; in addition to a progressive neurodegeneration, FRDA is characterized by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, diabetes mellitus and musculoskeletal deformities. Cardiomyopathy is the predominant cause of premature death. The onset of FRDA typically occurs between the ages of 5 and 15. Given the complexity and heterogeneity of clinical features and the variability of their onset, the identification of biomarkers capable of assessing disease progression and monitoring the efficacy of treatments is essential to facilitate decision making in clinical practice. We conducted an RNA-seq analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from FRDA patients and healthy donors, identifying a signature of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) capable of distinguishing healthy individuals from the majority of FRDA patients. Among the differentially expressed sncRNAs, microRNAs are a class of small non-coding endogenous RNAs that regulate posttranscriptional silencing of target genes. In FRDA plasma samples, hsa-miR-148a-3p resulted significantly upregulated. The analysis of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, combining the circulating expression levels of hsa-miR-148a-3p and hsa-miR-223-3p (previously identified by our group), revealed an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.86 (95%, Confidence Interval 0.77-0.95; p-value < 0.0001). An in silico prediction analysis indicated that the IL6ST gene, an interesting marker of neuroinflammation in FRDA, is a common target gene of both miRNAs. Our findings support the evaluation of combined expression levels of different circulating miRNAs as potent epi-biomarkers in FRDA. Moreover, we found hsa-miR-148a-3p significantly over-expressed in Intermediate and Late-Onset Friedreich Ataxia patients' group (IOG and LOG, respectively) compared to healthy individuals, indicating it as a putative prognostic biomarker in this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Vancheri
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Unit, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Andrea Quatrana
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
- Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Bambino Gesù, Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Morini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Unit, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Caterina Mariotti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Alessia Mongelli
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Mario Fichera
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rufini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
- Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Rome, 00131, Italy
| | - Ivano Condò
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Roberto Testi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Unit, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
- Neuromed Institute, IRCCS, Pozzilli, 86077, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Florence Malisan
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy.
| | - Francesca Amati
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Unit, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy.
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6
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Cornejo F, Franchini N, Cortés BI, Elgueta D, Cancino GI. Neural conditional ablation of the protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor Delta PTPRD impairs gliogenesis in the developing mouse brain cortex. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1357862. [PMID: 38487272 PMCID: PMC10937347 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1357862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders are characterized by alterations in the development of the cerebral cortex, including aberrant changes in the number and function of neural cells. Although neurogenesis is one of the most studied cellular processes in these pathologies, little evidence is known about glial development. Genetic association studies have identified several genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Indeed, variations in the PTPRD gene have been associated with numerous brain disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, restless leg syndrome, and schizophrenia. We previously demonstrated that constitutive loss of PTPRD expression induces significant alterations in cortical neurogenesis, promoting an increase in intermediate progenitors and neurons in mice. However, its role in gliogenesis has not been evaluated. To assess this, we developed a conditional knockout mouse model lacking PTPRD expression in telencephalon cells. Here, we found that the lack of PTPRD in the mouse cortex reduces glial precursors, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. According to our results, this decrease in gliogenesis resulted from a reduced number of radial glia cells at gliogenesis onset and a lower gliogenic potential in cortical neural precursors due to less activation of the JAK/STAT pathway and reduced expression of gliogenic genes. Our study shows PTPRD as a regulator of the glial/neuronal balance during cortical neurodevelopment and highlights the importance of studying glial development to understand the etiology of neurodevelopmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Cornejo
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nayhara Franchini
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bastián I. Cortés
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Elgueta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo I. Cancino
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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7
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Zhang G, Ren Q, Lin Y, Zhou D, Huang L, Li W, Chang H, Huang G, Li Z, Yan J. Parental folic acid deficiency delays neurobehavioral development in rat offspring by inhibiting the differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 122:109455. [PMID: 37788724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Maternal folate status during pregnancy is associated with the neurodevelopment of offspring; however, study results on the association between paternal folate status and offspring neurodevelopment are inconsistent. This study aimed to explore whether parental folic acid deficiency affects the neurobehavioral development of offspring by affecting the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into neurons. In the present study, the offspring were divided into four groups: parental folic acid deficient group (D-D), maternal folic acid deficient and paternal folic acid normal group (D-N), maternal folic acid normal and paternal folic acid deficient group (N-D), and parental folic acid normal group (N-N). For in vivo study, neurobehavioral indexes, and neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in the brain hippocampus and cerebral cortex of offspring were measured at different time points. For in vitro study, NSCs were cultured from the hippocampus and striatum, and neuronal and astrocytic differentiation were measured. The results demonstrated that parental folic acid deficiency decreased the brain folate level in offspring, delayed early sensory-motor reflex development, impaired spatial learning and memory ability in adolescence and adulthood, decreased differentiation of NSCs into neurons and increased differentiation of NSCs into astrocytes in vivo and in vitro. These impacts on the neurodevelopment of offspring were most pronounced in D-D group, followed by D-N group and N-D group. In conclusion, parental folic acid deficiency inhibits the neurobehavioral development of offspring, possibly by inhibiting the differentiation of NSCs into neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoquan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinghan Ren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dezheng Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenshu Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jing Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China; Department of Social Medicine and Health Administration, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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8
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Mir FA, Amanullah A, Jain BP, Hyderi Z, Gautam A. Neuroepigenetics of ageing and neurodegeneration-associated dementia: An updated review. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102067. [PMID: 37689143 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression is tremendously altered in the brain during memory acquisition, recall, and forgetfulness. However, non-genetic factors, including environmental elements, epigenetic changes, and lifestyle, have grabbed significant attention in recent years regarding the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) and age-associated dementia. Epigenetic modifications are essential in regulating gene expression in all living organisms in a DNA sequence-independent manner. The genes implicated in ageing and NDD-related memory disorders are epigenetically regulated by processes such as DNA methylation, histone acetylation as well as messenger RNA editing machinery. The physiological and optimal state of the epigenome, especially within the CNS of humans, plays an intricate role in helping us adjust to the changing environment, and alterations in it cause many brain disorders, but the mechanisms behind it still need to be well understood. When fully understood, these epigenetic landscapes could act as vital targets for pharmacogenetic rescue strategies for treating several diseases, including neurodegeneration- and age-induced dementia. Keeping this objective in mind, this updated review summarises the epigenetic changes associated with age and neurodegeneration-associated dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayaz Ahmad Mir
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Zeeshan Hyderi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | - Akash Gautam
- Centre for Neural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.
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9
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Voss AJ, Lanjewar SN, Sampson MM, King A, Hill EJ, Sing A, Sojka C, Bhatia TN, Spangle JM, Sloan SA. Identification of ligand-receptor pairs that drive human astrocyte development. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1339-1351. [PMID: 37460808 PMCID: PMC11046429 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Extrinsic signaling between diverse cell types is crucial for nervous system development. Ligand binding is a key driver of developmental processes. Nevertheless, it remains a significant challenge to disentangle which and how extrinsic signals act cooperatively to affect changes in recipient cells. In the developing human brain, cortical progenitors transition from neurogenesis to gliogenesis in a stereotyped sequence that is in part influenced by extrinsic ligands. Here we used published transcriptomic data to identify and functionally test five ligand-receptor pairs that synergistically drive human astrogenesis. We validate the synergistic contributions of TGFβ2, NLGN1, TSLP, DKK1 and BMP4 ligands on astrocyte development in both hCOs and primary fetal tissue. We confirm that the cooperative capabilities of these five ligands are greater than their individual capacities. Additionally, we discovered that their combinatorial effects converge in part on the mTORC1 signaling pathway, resulting in transcriptomic and morphological features of astrocyte development. Our data-driven framework can leverage single-cell and bulk genomic data to generate and test functional hypotheses surrounding cell-cell communication regulating neurodevelopmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Voss
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Samantha N Lanjewar
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maureen M Sampson
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexia King
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emily J Hill
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anson Sing
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Caitlin Sojka
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tarun N Bhatia
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Spangle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Steven A Sloan
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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10
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Müller SA, Shmueli MD, Feng X, Tüshaus J, Schumacher N, Clark R, Smith BE, Chi A, Rose-John S, Kennedy ME, Lichtenthaler SF. The Alzheimer's disease-linked protease BACE1 modulates neuronal IL-6 signaling through shedding of the receptor gp130. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:13. [PMID: 36810097 PMCID: PMC9942414 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00596-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protease BACE1 is a major drug target for Alzheimer's disease, but chronic BACE1 inhibition is associated with non-progressive cognitive worsening that may be caused by modulation of unknown physiological BACE1 substrates. METHODS To identify in vivo-relevant BACE1 substrates, we applied pharmacoproteomics to non-human-primate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after acute treatment with BACE inhibitors. RESULTS Besides SEZ6, the strongest, dose-dependent reduction was observed for the pro-inflammatory cytokine receptor gp130/IL6ST, which we establish as an in vivo BACE1 substrate. Gp130 was also reduced in human CSF from a clinical trial with a BACE inhibitor and in plasma of BACE1-deficient mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that BACE1 directly cleaves gp130, thereby attenuating membrane-bound gp130 and increasing soluble gp130 abundance and controlling gp130 function in neuronal IL-6 signaling and neuronal survival upon growth-factor withdrawal. CONCLUSION BACE1 is a new modulator of gp130 function. The BACE1-cleaved, soluble gp130 may serve as a pharmacodynamic BACE1 activity marker to reduce the occurrence of side effects of chronic BACE1 inhibition in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan A Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Merav D Shmueli
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Xiao Feng
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Tüshaus
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Ryan Clark
- Neuroscience, Merck & Co. Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brad E Smith
- Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co. Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - An Chi
- Chemical Biology, Merck & Co. Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany. .,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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11
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Miguel-Hidalgo JJ. Astroglia in the Vulnerability and Maintenance of Alcohol Use Disorders. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 26:255-279. [PMID: 34888838 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77375-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Changes induced in the morphology and the multiplicity of functional roles played by astrocytes in brain regions critical to the establishment and maintenance of alcohol abuse suggest that they make an important contribution to the vulnerability to alcohol use disorders. The understanding of the relevant mechanisms accounting for that contribution is complicated by the fact that alcohol itself acts directly on astrocytes altering their metabolism, gene expression, and plasticity, so that the ultimate result is a complex interaction of various cellular pathways, including intracellular calcium regulation, neuroimmune responses, and regulation of neurotransmitter and gliotransmitter release and uptake. The recent years have seen a steady increase in the characterization of several of the relevant mechanisms, but much remains to be done for a full understanding of the astrocytes' contribution to the vulnerability to alcohol dependence and abuse and for using that knowledge in designing effective therapies for AUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Javier Miguel-Hidalgo
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
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12
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Takouda J, Katada S, Imamura T, Sanosaka T, Nakashima K. SoxE group transcription factor Sox8 promotes astrocytic differentiation of neural stem/precursor cells downstream of Nfia. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00749. [PMID: 34677001 PMCID: PMC8532136 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain consists of three major cell types: neurons and two glial cell types (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes). Although they are generated from common multipotent neural stem/precursor cells (NS/PCs), embryonic NS/PCs cannot generate all of the cell types at the beginning of brain development. NS/PCs first undergo extensive self-renewal to expand their pools, and then acquire the potential to produce neurons, followed by glial cells. Astrocytes are the most frequently found cell type in the central nervous system (CNS), and play important roles in brain development and functions. Although it has been shown that nuclear factor IA (Nfia) is a pivotal transcription factor for conferring gliogenic potential on neurogenic NS/PCs by sequestering DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) from astrocyte-specific genes, direct targets of Nfia that participate in astrocytic differentiation have yet to be completely identified. Here we show that SRY-box transcription factor 8 (Sox8) is a direct target gene of Nfia at the initiation of the gliogenic phase. We found that expression of Sox8 augmented leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)-induced astrocytic differentiation, while Sox8 knockdown inhibited Nfia-enhanced astrocytic differentiation of NS/PCs. In contrast to Nfia, Sox8 did not induce DNA demethylation of an astrocyte-specific marker gene, glial fibrillary acidic protein (Gfap), but instead associated with LIF downstream transcription factor STAT3 through transcriptional coactivator p300, explaining how Sox8 expression further facilitated LIF-induced Gfap expression. Taken together, these results suggest that Sox8 is a crucial Nfia downstream transcription factor for the astrocytic differentiation of NS/PCs in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Takouda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sayako Katada
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuya Imamura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sanosaka
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kinichi Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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13
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Chen J, Ma XL, Zhao H, Wang XY, Xu MX, Wang H, Yang TQ, Peng C, Liu SS, Huang M, Zhou YD, Shen Y. Increasing astrogenesis in the developing hippocampus induces autistic-like behavior in mice via enhancing inhibitory synaptic transmission. Glia 2021; 70:106-122. [PMID: 34498776 PMCID: PMC9291003 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized primarily by impaired social communication and rigid, repetitive, and stereotyped behaviors. Many studies implicate abnormal synapse development and the resultant abnormalities in synaptic excitatory–inhibitory (E/I) balance may underlie many features of the disease, suggesting aberrant neuronal connections and networks are prone to occur in the developing autistic brain. Astrocytes are crucial for synaptic formation and function, and defects in astrocytic activation and function during a critical developmental period may also contribute to the pathogenesis of ASD. Here, we report that increasing hippocampal astrogenesis during development induces autistic‐like behavior in mice and a concurrent decreased E/I ratio in the hippocampus that results from enhanced GABAergic transmission in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Suppressing the aberrantly elevated GABAergic synaptic transmission in hippocampal CA1 area rescues autistic‐like behavior and restores the E/I balance. Thus, we provide direct evidence for a developmental role of astrocytes in driving the behavioral phenotypes of ASD, and our results support that targeting the altered GABAergic neurotransmission may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Ma
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Ophthalmology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Ophthalmology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min-Xin Xu
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Ophthalmology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Qi Yang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Ophthalmology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Liu
- Core Facilities, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Man Huang
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Ophthalmology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University City College School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,National Human Brain Bank for Health and Disease, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Alisch M, Kerkering J, Crowley T, Rosiewicz K, Paul F, Siffrin V. Identification of the gliogenic state of human neural stem cells to optimize in vitro astrocyte differentiation. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 361:109284. [PMID: 34242705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human preclinical models are crucial for advancing biomedical research. In particular consistent and robust protocols for astrocyte differentiation in the human system are rare. NEW METHOD We performed a transcriptional characterization of human gliogenesis using embryonic H9- derived hNSCs. Based on these findings we established a fast and highly efficient protocol for the differentiation of mature human astrocytes. We could reproduce these results in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived NSCs. RESULTS We identified an increasing propensity of NSCs to give rise to astrocytes with repeated cell passaging. The gliogenic phenotype of NSCs was marked by a down-regulation of stem cell factors (e.g. SOX1, SOX2, EGFR) and an increase of glia-associated factors (e.g. NFIX, SOX9, PDGFRa). Using late passage NSCs, rapid and robust astrocyte differentiation can be achieved within 28 days. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) In published protocols it usually takes around three months to yield in mature astrocytes. The difficulty, expense and time associated with generating astrocytes in vitro represents a major roadblock for glial cell research. We show that rapid and robust astrocyte differentiation can be achieved within 28 days. We describe here by an extensive sequential transcriptome analysis of hNSCs the characterization of the signature of a novel gliogenic stem cell population. The transcriptomic signature might serve to identify the proper divisional maturity. CONCLUSIONS This work sheds light on the factors associated with rapid NSC differentiation into glial cells. These findings contribute to understand human gliogenesis and to develop novel preclinical models that will help to study CNS disease such as Multiple Sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlen Alisch
- Neuroimmunology Lab, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin und Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Janis Kerkering
- Neuroimmunology Lab, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin und Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tadhg Crowley
- Neuroimmunology Lab, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin und Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kamil Rosiewicz
- Neuroimmunology Lab, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin und Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Neurocure Clinical Research Center and Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Siffrin
- Neuroimmunology Lab, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin und Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
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15
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Hou J, Bi H, Ye Z, Huang W, Zou G, Zou X, Shi YS, Shen Y, Ma Q, Kirchhoff F, Hu Y, Chen G. Pen-2 Negatively Regulates the Differentiation of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells into Astrocytes in the Central Nervous System. J Neurosci 2021; 41:4976-4990. [PMID: 33972402 PMCID: PMC8197633 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2455-19.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations on γ-secretase subunits are associated with neurologic diseases. Whereas the role of γ-secretase in neurogenesis has been intensively studied, little is known about its role in astrogliogenesis. Recent evidence has demonstrated that astrocytes can be generated from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). However, it is not well understood what mechanism may control OPCs to differentiate into astrocytes. To address the above questions, we generated two independent lines of oligodendrocyte lineage-specific presenilin enhancer 2 (Pen-2) conditional KO mice. Both male and female mice were used. Here we demonstrate that conditional inactivation of Pen-2 mediated by Olig1-Cre or NG2-CreERT2 causes enhanced generation of astrocytes. Lineage-tracing experiments indicate that abnormally generated astrocytes are derived from Cre-expressing OPCs in the CNS in Pen-2 conditional KO mice. Mechanistic analysis reveals that deletion of Pen-2 inhibits the Notch signaling to upregulate signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, which triggers activation of GFAP to promote astrocyte differentiation. Together, these novel findings indicate that Pen-2 regulates the specification of astrocytes from OPCs through the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Astrocytes and oligodendrocyte (OLs) play critical roles in the brain. Recent evidence has demonstrated that astrocytes can be generated from OL precursor cells (OPCs). However, it remains poorly understood what mechanism governs the differentiation of OPCs into astrocytes. In this study, we took advantage of OL lineage cells specific presenilin enhancer 2 (Pen-2) conditional KO mice. We show that deletion of Pen-2 leads to dramatically enhanced astrocyte differentiation from OPCs in the CNS. Mechanistic analysis reveals that deletion of Pen-2 inhibits Hes1 and activates signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 to trigger GFAP activation which promotes astrocyte differentiation. Overall, this study identifies a novel function of Pen-2 in astrogliogenesis from OPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Huiru Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Zhuoyang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Wenhui Huang
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland, Homburg, D-66421, Germany
| | - Gang Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Xiaochuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Yun Stone Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Quanhong Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland, Homburg, D-66421, Germany
| | - Yimin Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Changzhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Guiquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
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16
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Corsi-Zuelli F, Deakin B. Impaired regulatory T cell control of astroglial overdrive and microglial pruning in schizophrenia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:637-653. [PMID: 33713699 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is widely held that schizophrenia involves an active process of peripheral inflammation that induces or reflects brain inflammation with activation of microglia, the brain's resident immune cells. However, recent in vivo radioligand binding studies and large-scale transcriptomics in post-mortem brain report reduced markers of microglial inflammation. The findings suggest a contrary hypothesis; that microglia are diverted into their non-inflammatory synaptic remodelling phenotype that interferes with neurodevelopment and perhaps contributes to the relapsing nature of schizophrenia. Recent discoveries on the regulatory interactions between micro- and astroglial cells and immune regulatory T cells (Tregs) cohere with clinical omics data to suggest that: i) disinhibited astrocytes mediate the shift in microglial phenotype via the production of transforming growth factor-beta, which also contributes to the disturbances of dopamine and GABA function in schizophrenia, and ii) systemically impaired functioning of Treg cells contributes to the dysregulation of glial function, the low-grade peripheral inflammation, and the hitherto unexplained predisposition to auto-immunity and reduced life-expectancy in schizophrenia, including greater COVID-19 mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Corsi-Zuelli
- Department of Neuroscience and Behaviour, Division of Psychiatry, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14048-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bill Deakin
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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17
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Wang Z, Li J, Wu W, Qi T, Huang Z, Wang B, Li S, Li C, Ding J, Zeng Y, Huang P, Zhou Z, Huang Y, Huang J, Wang X, Huang Q, Zhang G, Qiu P, Chen J. Saikosaponin D Rescues Deficits in Sexual Behavior and Ameliorates Neurological Dysfunction in Mice Exposed to Chronic Mild Stress. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:625074. [PMID: 33776766 PMCID: PMC7990100 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.625074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Often associated with sexual dysfunction (SD), chronic stress is the main contributing risk factor for the pathogenesis of depression. Radix bupleuri had been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine formulation for the regulation of emotion and sexual activity. As the main active component of Radix bupleuri, saikosaponin D (SSD) has a demonstrated antidepressant effect in preclinical studies. Herein, we sought to investigate the effect of SSD to restore sexual functions in chronically stressed mice and elucidate the potential brain mechanisms that might underly these effects. SSD was gavage administered for three weeks during the induction of chronic mild stress (CMS), and its effects on emotional and sexual behaviors in CMS mice were observed. The medial posterodorsal amygdala (MePD) was speculated to be involved in the manifestation of sexual dysfunctions in CMS mice. Our results revealed that SSD not only alleviated CMS-induced depressive-like behaviors but also rescued CMS-induced low sexual motivation and poor sexual performance. CMS destroyed astrocytes and activated microglia in the MePD. SSD treatment reversed the changes in glial pathology and inhibited neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress in the MePD of CMS mice. The neuronal morphological and functional deficits in the MePD were also alleviated by SSD administration. Our results provide insights into the central mechanisms involving the brain associated with sexual dysfunction. These findings deepen our understanding of SSD in light of the psychopharmacology of stress and sexual disorders, providing a theoretical basis for its potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Qi
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhansen Huang
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shixiong Li
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiuyang Ding
- School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuanning Zeng
- Research Center for Good Practice in TCM Proessing Technology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Foshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Zhihua Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Huang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Huang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiyuan Huang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanghuan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medical and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingming Qiu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Bedrosian TA, Houtman J, Eguiguren JS, Ghassemzadeh S, Rund N, Novaresi NM, Hu L, Parylak SL, Denli AM, Randolph‐Moore L, Namba T, Gage FH, Toda T. Lamin B1 decline underlies age-related loss of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. EMBO J 2021; 40:e105819. [PMID: 33300615 PMCID: PMC7849303 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus declines with age, a process that has been implicated in cognitive and emotional impairments. However, the mechanisms underlying this decline have remained elusive. Here, we show that the age-dependent downregulation of lamin B1, one of the nuclear lamins in adult neural stem/progenitor cells (ANSPCs), underlies age-related alterations in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Our results indicate that higher levels of lamin B1 in ANSPCs safeguard against premature differentiation and regulate the maintenance of ANSPCs. However, the level of lamin B1 in ANSPCs declines during aging. Precocious loss of lamin B1 in ANSPCs transiently promotes neurogenesis but eventually depletes it. Furthermore, the reduction of lamin B1 in ANSPCs recapitulates age-related anxiety-like behavior in mice. Our results indicate that the decline in lamin B1 underlies stem cell aging and impacts the homeostasis of adult neurogenesis and mood regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy A Bedrosian
- Laboratory of GeneticsThe Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaCAUSA
- Institute for Genomic MedicineNationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOHUSA
| | - Judith Houtman
- Nuclear Architecture in Neural Plasticity and Aging, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)DresdenGermany
| | - Juan Sebastian Eguiguren
- Nuclear Architecture in Neural Plasticity and Aging, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)DresdenGermany
| | - Saeed Ghassemzadeh
- Laboratory of GeneticsThe Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Nicole Rund
- Nuclear Architecture in Neural Plasticity and Aging, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)DresdenGermany
| | - Nicole M Novaresi
- Laboratory of GeneticsThe Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Lauren Hu
- Laboratory of GeneticsThe Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Sarah L. Parylak
- Laboratory of GeneticsThe Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Ahmet M Denli
- Laboratory of GeneticsThe Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaCAUSA
| | | | - Takashi Namba
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE‐Helsinki Institute of Life ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of GeneticsThe Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Tomohisa Toda
- Laboratory of GeneticsThe Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaCAUSA
- Nuclear Architecture in Neural Plasticity and Aging, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)DresdenGermany
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at the Salk InstituteLa JollaCAUSA
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Sharma KD, Schaal D, Kore RA, Hamzah RN, Pandanaboina SC, Hayar A, Griffin RJ, Srivatsan M, Reyna NS, Xie JY. Glioma-derived exosomes drive the differentiation of neural stem cells to astrocytes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234614. [PMID: 32649728 PMCID: PMC7351166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes appear to be effective inter-cellular communicators delivering several types of molecules, such as proteins and RNAs, suggesting that they could influence neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation. Our RNA sequencing studies demonstrated that the RNAs related to cell proliferation and astrocyte differentiation were upregulated in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) when co-cultured with exosomes obtained from the culture medium of human glioma cells (U87). Metallothionein 3 and elastin genes, which are related to cell proliferation, increased 10 and 7.2 fold, respectively. Expression of genes for astrocyte differentiation, such as tumor growth factor alpha, induced protein 3 of the NOTCH1 family, colony stimulating factor and interleukin 6 of the STAT3 family and Hes family bHLH transcription factor 1 also increased by 2.3, 10, 4.7 and 2.9 fold, respectively. We further examined the effects of these exosomes on rat fetal neural stem cell (rNSC) differentiation using the secreted exosomes from U87 glioma cells or exosomes from U87 cells that were stimulated with interleukin 1β (IL-1β). The rNSCs, extracted from rat brains at embryonic day 14 (E14), underwent a culture protocol that normally leads to predominant (~90%) differentiation to ODCs. However, in the presence of the exosomes from untreated or IL-1β-treated U87 cells, significantly more cells differentiated into astrocytes, especially in the presence of exosomes obtained from the IL-1β-challenged glioma cells. Moreover, glioma-derived exosomes appeared to inhibit rNSC differentiation into ODCs or astrocytes as indicated by a significantly increased population of unlabeled cells. A portion of the resulting astrocytes co-expressed both CD133 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) suggesting that exosomes from U87 cells could promote astrocytic differentiation of NSCs with features expected from a transformed cell. Our data clearly demonstrated that exosomes secreted by human glioma cells provide a strong driving force for rat neural stem cells to differentiate into astrocytes, uncovering potential pathways and therapeutic targets that might control this aggressive tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna D. Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences and Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Danielle Schaal
- Department of Biology, Ouachita Baptist University, Arkadelphia, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Rajshekhar A. Kore
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Rabab N. Hamzah
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Sahitya Chetan Pandanaboina
- Department of Biological Sciences and Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Abdallah Hayar
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Griffin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Malathi Srivatsan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Nathan S. Reyna
- Department of Biology, Ouachita Baptist University, Arkadelphia, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Yanhua Xie
- Department of Basic Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine at Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas, United States of America
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Early But Not Delayed Optogenetic RAF Activation Promotes Astrocytogenesis in Mouse Neural Progenitors. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:4358-4368. [PMID: 32598937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway promotes gliogenesis but the kinetic role of RAF1, a key RAF kinase, in the induction of astrocytogenesis remains to be elucidated. To address this challenge, we determine the temporal functional outcome of RAF1 during mouse neural progenitor cell differentiation using an optogenetic RAF1 system (OptoRAF1). OptoRAF1 allows for reversible activation of the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway via plasma membrane recruitment of RAF1 based on blue light-sensitive protein dimerizer CRY2/CIB1. We found that early light-induced OptoRAF1 activation in neural progenitor cells promotes cell proliferation and increased expression of glial markers and glia-enriched genes. However, delayed OptoRAF1 activation in differentiated neural progenitor had little effect on glia marker expression, suggesting that RAF1 is required to promote astrocytogenesis only within a short time window. In addition, activation of OptoRAF1 did not have a significant effect on neurogenesis, but was able to promote neuronal neurite growth.
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21
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Cytokines Induce Monkey Neural Stem Cell Differentiation through Notch Signaling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1308526. [PMID: 32509845 PMCID: PMC7244951 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1308526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian central nervous system (CNS) has a limited ability to renew the damaged cells after a brain or spinal cord injury whether it is nonhuman primates like monkeys or humans. Transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) is a potential therapy for CNS injuries due to their pluripotency and differentiation abilities. Cytokines play an important role in CNS development and repair of CNS injuries. However, the detailed cytokine signaling response in monkey neural stem cells is rarely studied. In our previous research, we isolated NSCs from the adult monkey brain and found the effects of cytokines on monkey NSCs. Now, we further analyzed the regulation mechanisms of cytokines to the proliferation of monkey NSCs such as bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4), BMP4/leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), or retinoic acid (RA)/Forskolin. The data showed that BMP4 inhibited cell proliferation to arrest, but it did not affect the stemness of NSCs. BMP4/LIF promoted the astrocyte-like differentiation of monkey NSCs, and RA/forskolin induced the neuronal differentiation of monkey NSCs. BMP4/LIF and RA/forskolin induced monkey NSC differentiation by regulating Notch signaling. These results provide some theoretical evidence for NSC therapy to brain or spinal cord injury in regenerative medicine.
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22
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Zhang W, Zhang X, Zhang L, Xu D, Cheng N, Tang Y, Peng Y. Astrocytes increase exosomal secretion of oligodendrocyte precursor cells to promote their proliferation via integrin β4-mediated cell adhesion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:341-348. [PMID: 32220495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Many degenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are associated with demyelination. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are potential stem cells that can differentiate into oligodendrocytes (OLs) and promote myelination. Promoting the proliferation of OPCs is key to stimulating remyelination and treating neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we report that astrocytes (ASTs) could increase exosomal secretion of OPCs to promote their proliferation via ITGB4-mediated cell adhesion. Our results demonstrate that ASTs can regulate the proliferation of OPCs through ITGB4-mediated exosomal secretion. OPC proliferation is significantly increased after direct-contact culture with ASTs. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses reveal that ITGB4/extracellular exosome are closely related to OPC proliferation. siRNA ITGB4 decreases exosomal secretion and OPC proliferation. ITGB4/exosomes remarkably promote OPC transition from G1 to S phase. Furthermore, exosomes can alleviate the inhibitory effect of ITGB4 knockdown on OPC proliferation. Collectively, ASTs regulate OPC exosomal secretion via ITGB4, which could be a valuable approach for promoting OPC proliferation. This strategy may represent a potential treatment for neurological diseases caused by demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - NanNan Cheng
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Yong Tang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Yan Peng
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
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Yang L, Liu S, Wang Y. Role of bone morphogenetic protein-2/4 in astrocyte activation in neuropathic pain. Mol Pain 2019; 15:1744806919892100. [PMID: 31726923 PMCID: PMC6886276 DOI: 10.1177/1744806919892100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone morphogenetic protein-2/4 (BMP2/4) has been recognized as promoters of astrocyte activity. Substantial evidence suggests that BMP2/4 may be elevated and plays a critical role in astrocyte activation upon spinal cord injury. Although neuropathic pain is similarly associated with astrocyte activation, the participation of BMP2/4 in this regard still remains unclear. Methods A rat model of neuropathic pain achieved by spinal nerve ligation at L5 was used to evaluate the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and BMP2/4 in the spinal cord in days 1, 4, 7, 10, and 14. Next, normal rats received intrathecal exogenous BMP2/4 and the antagonist Noggin to assess the effect of BMP2/4 on astrocyte activation. In both experiments, von Frey filaments were used to evaluate the changes in paw withdrawal threshold. In addition, Western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed to assess the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, BMP2/4, p-Smad 1/5/8, and phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (p-STAT3) in the spinal cord. Results Firstly, spinal nerve ligation caused a significant increase in the expression of BMP4, while BMP2 levels remained unchanged. Secondly, exogenous BMP4 but not BMP2 induced a significant decrease in paw withdrawal threshold, along with the upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein. Moreover, exogenous BMP4 stimulated both p-Smad 1/5/8 and p-STAT3, while BMP2 only upregulated p-Smad 1/5/8. Finally, exogenous Noggin alleviated the decrease in paw withdrawal threshold induced by BMP4 and reduced astrocyte activation, as well as p-STAT3 upregulation. Conclusions Our results indicate only BMP4—and not BMP2—intervened in allodynia in rats by eliciting glial activation probably through both p-Smad 1/5/8 and p-STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuxin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Yasui T, Nakashima K. [Hypoxia epigenetically bestows astrocytic differentiation potential on human pluripotent cell-derived neural stem/precursor cells]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2019; 153:54-60. [PMID: 30745514 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.153.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of three major cell types, neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, which differentiate from common multipotent neural stem/precursor cells (NS/PCs). However, NS/PCs do not have this multipotentiality from the beginning: neurons are generated first and astrocytes are later during CNS development. This developmental progression is observed in vitro by using human (h) NS/PCs derived from pluripotent cells, such as embryonic- and induced pluripotent-stem cells (ES/iPSCs), however, in contrast to rodent's pluripotent cells, they require quite long time to obtain astrocytic differentiation potential. Here, we show that hypoxia confers astrocytic differentiation potential on hNS/PCs through epigenetic alteration for gene regulation. Furthermore, we found that these molecular mechanisms can be applied to functional analysis of patient' iPSC-derived astrocytes. In this review, we summarize recent findings that address molecular mechanisms of epigenetic and transcription factor-mediated regulation that specify NS/PC fate and the development of potential therapeutic strategies for treating astrocyte-mediated neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Yasui
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Kinichi Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
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25
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FGF Signaling Directs the Cell Fate Switch from Neurons to Astrocytes in the Developing Mouse Cerebral Cortex. J Neurosci 2019; 39:6081-6094. [PMID: 31175212 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2195-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During mammalian neocortical development, neural precursor cells generate neurons first and astrocytes later. The cell fate switch from neurons to astrocytes is a key process generating proper numbers of neurons and astrocytes. Although the intracellular mechanisms regulating this cell fate switch have been well characterized, extracellular regulators are still largely unknown. Here, we uncovered that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) regulates the cell fate switch from neurons to astrocytes in the developing cerebral cortex using mice of both sexes. We found that the FGF signaling pathway is activated in radial glial cells of the ventricular zone at time points corresponding to the switch in cell fate. Our loss- and gain-of-function studies using in utero electroporation indicate that activation of FGF signaling is necessary and sufficient to change cell fates from neurons to astrocytes. We further found that the FGF-induced neuron-astrocyte cell fate switch is mediated by the MAPK pathway. These results indicate that FGF is a critical extracellular regulator of the cell fate switch from neurons to astrocytes in the mammalian cerebral cortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Although the intracellular mechanisms regulating the neuron-astrocyte cell fate switch in the mammalian cerebral cortex during development have been well studied, their upstream extracellular regulators remain unknown. By using in utero electroporation, our study provides in vivo data showing that activation of FGF signaling is necessary and sufficient for changing cell fates from neurons to astrocytes. Manipulation of FGF signaling activity led to drastic changes in the numbers of neurons and astrocytes. These results indicate that FGF is a key extracellular regulator determining the numbers of neurons and astrocytes in the mammalian cerebral cortex, and is indispensable for the establishment of appropriate neural circuitry.
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Role of astrocytes-derived d-serine in PFOS-induced neurotoxicity through NMDARs in the rat primary hippocampal neurons. Toxicology 2019; 422:14-24. [PMID: 31004706 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is one of the perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), and has been used in industrial and consumer products. It has already been shown that PFOS could be detected in the environmental media and biological species including humans, due to its resistance to environmental degradation. PFOS is known to induce a series of adverse impacts on human health, e.g., as a potential neurotoxic substance. Recent studies suggest that astrocytes act as the mediator in PFOS-induced neurotoxicity; however, the underlying molecular mechanism needs further investigation. Under the physiological condition, astrocytes play an important role in maintaining brain functions through releasing and up-taking of neurotransmitters between astrocytes and neurons. In the present study, astrocytes-derived d-serine was shown to be involved in PFOS-induced apoptosis and death in the rat primary hippocampal neurons. Significant alterations in d-serine were found in astrocytes, mediated by the molecules in d-serine synthesis (serine racemase), metabolism (d-amino acid oxidase) and delivery (calcium, vacuolar type H+-ATPase, alanine-serine-cysteine transporter and connexin 43 hemichannels). Meanwhile, the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunits (NR1, NR2 A and NR2B) gene and protein expressions were significantly increased in the hippocampal neurons exposed to the PFOS-activated astrocytes-conditional medium (ACM). Further, the adverse effects of PFOS could be attenuated by the fluorocitrate (an inhibitor for d-serine up-taken by the glial cells) application. Our data indicated that astrocytes-derived d-serine was involved in PFOS-induced neurotoxicity through the NMDARs in the rat primary hippocampal neurons.
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27
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Decoding epigenetic cell signaling in neuronal differentiation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 95:12-24. [PMID: 30578863 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis is the process by which new neurons are generated in the brain. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are differentiated into neurons, which are integrated into the neural network. Nowadays, pluripotent stem cells, multipotent stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells can be artificially differentiated into neurons utilizing several techniques. Specific transcriptional profiles from NSCs during differentiation are frequently used to approach and observe phenotype alteration and functional determination of neurons. In this context, the role of non-coding RNA, transcription factors and epigenetic changes in neuronal development and differentiation has gained importance. Epigenetic elucidation has become a field of intense research due to distinct patterns of normal conditions and different neurodegenerative disorders, which can be explored to develop new diagnostic methods or gene therapies. In this review, we discuss the complexity of transcription factors, non-coding RNAs, and extracellular vesicles that are responsible for guiding and coordinating neural development.
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Inflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury: Roles for Toxic A1 Astrocytes and Microglial-Astrocytic Crosstalk. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:1410-1424. [PMID: 30661228 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02721-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury triggers neuroinflammation that may contribute to progressive neurodegeneration. We investigated patterns of recruitment of astrocytes and microglia to inflammation after brain trauma by firstly characterising expression profiles over time of marker genes following TBI, and secondly by monitoring glial morphologies reflecting inflammatory responses in a rat model of traumatic brain injury (i.e. the lateral fluid percussion injury). Gene expression profiles revealed early elevation of expression of astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein relative to microglial marker allograft inflammatory factor 1 (also known as ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1). Adult rat brains collected at day 7 after injury were processed for immunohistochemistry with allograft inflammatory factor 1, glial fibrillary acidic protein and complement C3 (marker of bad/disruptive astrocytic A1 phenotype). Astrocytes positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein and complement C3 were significant increased in the injured cortex and displayed more complex patterns of arbourisation with significantly increased bifurcations. Our observations suggested that traumatic brain injury changed the phenotype of microglia from a ramified appearance with long, thin, highly branched processes to a swollen amoeboid shape in the injured cortex. These findings suggest differential glial activation with astrocytes likely undergoing strategic changes in morphology and function. Whilst a detailed analysis is needed of temporal patterns of glial activation, ours is the first evidence of a role for the bad/disruptive astrocytic A1 phenotype in an open head model of traumatic brain injury.
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29
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Guidolin D, Fede C, Tortorella C. Nerve cells developmental processes and the dynamic role of cytokine signaling. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 77:3-17. [PMID: 30465872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The stunning diversity of neurons and glial cells makes possible the higher functions of the central nervous system (CNS), allowing the organism to sense, interpret and respond appropriately to the external environment. This cellular diversity derives from a single primary progenitor cell type initiating lineage leading to the formation of both differentiated neurons and glial cells. The processes governing the differentiation of the progenitor pool of cells into mature nerve cells will be here briefly reviewed. They involve morphological transformations, specialized modes of cell division, migration, and controlled cell death, and are regulated through cell-cell interactions and cues provided by the extracellular matrix, as well as by humoral factors from the cerebrospinal fluid and the blood system. In this respect, a quite large body of studies have been focused on cytokines, proteins representing the main signaling network that coordinates immune defense and the maintenance of homeostasis. At the same time, they are deeply involved in CNS development as regulatory factors. This dual role in the nervous system appears of particular relevance for CNS pathology, since cytokine dysregulation (occurring as a consequence of maternal infection, exposure to environmental factors or prenatal hypoxia) can profoundly impact on neurodevelopment and likely influence the response of the adult tissue during neuroinflammatory events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Guidolin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, via Gabelli 65, I-35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Caterina Fede
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, via Gabelli 65, I-35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Cinzia Tortorella
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, via Gabelli 65, I-35121, Padova, Italy
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30
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Kim JH, Kim M, He XB, Wulansari N, Yoon BH, Bae DH, Huh N, Kim YS, Lee SH, Kim SY. Vitamin C Promotes Astrocyte Differentiation Through DNA Hydroxymethylation. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1578-1588. [PMID: 30005139 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that vitamin C (VC) promotes neural stem/precursor cell (NSC) differentiation toward dopamine (DA) neurons via DNA hydroxymethylation-induced transcriptional activation of DA neuron-specific genes. To further understand the VC effects on NSC differentiation, we profiled the transcriptome and DNA methylome/hydroxymethylome using high-throughput sequencing. Interestingly, RNA sequencing analyses have shown that, in addition to DA neuronal genes, astrocytic genes Gfap, Slc1a3, and S100a16 were also upregulated in NSC cultures differentiated with VC treatment. Consistently, enhanced GFAP+ astrocytic yields were manifested in the differentiated cultures with VC treatment, collectively indicating that VC promotes astrocytic differentiation. In genome-wide hydroxymethylome analyses, VC treatment induces enrichment of DNA hydroxymethylation (5-hydroxymethyl cytosine; 5hmC) near the consensus binding motifs of nuclear factor I (NFI). Furthermore, we showed that VC significantly enhanced recruitment of NFI and STAT3, key transcription factors for astrogenesis, in the 5hmC-enriched regions of the astrocyte-specific genes. These findings suggest that VC play important roles in astrocytogenesis during brain development. Stem Cells 2018;36:1578-1588.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hwan Kim
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mirang Kim
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Xi-Biao He
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Noviana Wulansari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Ha Yoon
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyuck Bae
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Nanhyung Huh
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yong Sung Kim
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
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Vieira MS, Santos AK, Vasconcellos R, Goulart VAM, Parreira RC, Kihara AH, Ulrich H, Resende RR. Neural stem cell differentiation into mature neurons: Mechanisms of regulation and biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1946-1970. [PMID: 30077716 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The abilities of stem cells to self-renew and form different mature cells expand the possibilities of applications in cell-based therapies such as tissue recomposition in regenerative medicine, drug screening, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition to stem cells found in the embryo, various adult organs and tissues have niches of stem cells in an undifferentiated state. In the central nervous system of adult mammals, neurogenesis occurs in two regions: the subventricular zone and the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. The generation of the different neural lines originates in adult neural stem cells that can self-renew or differentiate into astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, or neurons in response to specific stimuli. The regulation of the fate of neural stem cells is a finely controlled process relying on a complex regulatory network that extends from the epigenetic to the translational level and involves extracellular matrix components. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying how the process of neurogenesis is induced, regulated, and maintained will provide elues for development of novel for strategies for neurodegenerative therapies. In this review, we focus on describing the mechanisms underlying the regulation of the neuronal differentiation process by transcription factors, microRNAs, and extracellular matrix components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S Vieira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nanocell, Divinopólis, MG, Brazil
| | - Anderson K Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rebecca Vasconcellos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nanocell, Divinopólis, MG, Brazil
| | - Vânia A M Goulart
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo C Parreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nanocell, Divinopólis, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre H Kihara
- Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo R Resende
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nanocell, Divinopólis, MG, Brazil.
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32
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Yoon KJ, Vissers C, Ming GL, Song H. Epigenetics and epitranscriptomics in temporal patterning of cortical neural progenitor competence. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:1901-1914. [PMID: 29666150 PMCID: PMC5987727 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201802117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Yoon et al. review epigenetic and epitranscriptomic mechanisms that regulate the lineage specification of neural progenitor cells in the developing brain. During embryonic brain development, neural progenitor/stem cells (NPCs) sequentially give rise to different subtypes of neurons and glia via a highly orchestrated process. To accomplish the ordered generation of distinct progenies, NPCs go through multistep transitions of their developmental competence. The molecular mechanisms driving precise temporal coordination of these transitions remains enigmatic. Epigenetic regulation, including changes in chromatin structures, DNA methylation, and histone modifications, has been extensively investigated in the context of cortical neurogenesis. Recent studies of chemical modifications on RNA, termed epitranscriptomics, have also revealed their critical roles in neural development. In this review, we discuss advances in understanding molecular regulation of the sequential lineage specification of NPCs in the embryonic mammalian brain with a focus on epigenetic and epitranscriptomic mechanisms. In particular, the discovery of lineage-specific gene transcripts undergoing rapid turnover in NPCs suggests that NPC developmental fate competence is determined much earlier, before the final cell division, and is more tightly controlled than previously appreciated. We discuss how multiple regulatory systems work in harmony to coordinate NPC behavior and summarize recent findings in the context of a model of epigenetic and transcriptional prepatterning to explain NPC developmental competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Jun Yoon
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Caroline Vissers
- The Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,The Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA .,The Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,The Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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GFAP-Positive Progenitor Cell Production is Concentrated in Specific Encephalic Regions in Young Adult Mice. Neurosci Bull 2018; 34:769-778. [PMID: 29663175 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous genetic fate-mapping studies have indicated that embryonic glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive (GFAP+) cells are multifunctional progenitor/neural stem cells that can produce astrocytes as well as neurons and oligodendrocytes throughout the adult mouse central nervous system (CNS). However, emerging evidence from recent studies indicates that GFAP+ cells adopt different cell fates and generate different cell types in different regions. Moreover, the fate of GFAP+ cells in the young adult mouse CNS is not well understood. In the present study, hGFAP-Cre/R26R transgenic mice were used to investigate the lineage of embryonic GFAP+ cells in the young adult mouse CNS. At postnatal day 21, we found that GFAP+ cells mainly generated NeuN+ neurons in the cerebral cortex (both ventral and dorsal), hippocampus, and cerebellum. Strangely, these cells were negative for the Purkinje cell marker calbindin in the cerebellum and the neuronal marker NeuN in the thalamus. Thus, contrary to previous studies, our genetic fate-mapping revealed that the cell fate of embryonic GFAP+ cells at the young adult stage is significantly different from that at the adult stage.
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34
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Miguel-Hidalgo JJ. Molecular Neuropathology of Astrocytes and Oligodendrocytes in Alcohol Use Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:78. [PMID: 29615864 PMCID: PMC5869926 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmortem studies reveal structural and molecular alterations of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in both the gray and white matter (GM and WM) of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in human subjects with chronic alcohol abuse or dependence. These glial cellular changes appear to parallel and may largely explain structural and functional alterations detected using neuroimaging techniques in subjects with alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Moreover, due to the crucial roles of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in neurotransmission and signal conduction, these cells are very likely major players in the molecular mechanisms underpinning alcoholism-related connectivity disturbances between the PFC and relevant interconnecting brain regions. The glia-mediated etiology of alcohol-related brain damage is likely multifactorial since metabolic, hormonal, hepatic and hemodynamic factors as well as direct actions of ethanol or its metabolites have the potential to disrupt distinct aspects of glial neurobiology. Studies in animal models of alcoholism and postmortem human brains have identified astrocyte markers altered in response to significant exposures to ethanol or during alcohol withdrawal, such as gap-junction proteins, glutamate transporters or enzymes related to glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolism. Changes in these proteins and their regulatory pathways would not only cause GM neuronal dysfunction, but also disturbances in the ability of WM axons to convey impulses. In addition, alcoholism alters the expression of astrocyte and myelin proteins and of oligodendrocyte transcription factors important for the maintenance and plasticity of myelin sheaths in WM and GM. These changes are concomitant with epigenetic DNA and histone modifications as well as alterations in regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) that likely cause profound disturbances of gene expression and protein translation. Knowledge is also available about interactions between astrocytes and oligodendrocytes not only at the Nodes of Ranvier (NR), but also in gap junction-based astrocyte-oligodendrocyte contacts and other forms of cell-to-cell communication now understood to be critical for the maintenance and formation of myelin. Close interactions between astrocytes and oligodendrocytes also suggest that therapies for alcoholism based on a specific glial cell type pathology will require a better understanding of molecular interactions between different cell types, as well as considering the possibility of using combined molecular approaches for more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J Miguel-Hidalgo
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
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35
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Soluble Factors from Human Olfactory Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Influence the Fate Decisions of Hippocampal Neural Precursor Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:8014-8037. [PMID: 29498005 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0906-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis plays a significant role during adulthood, and the observation that neural stem cells reside in the central nervous system and the olfactory epithelium has attracted attention due to their importance in neuronal regeneration. In addition, soluble factors (SFs) release by neural stem cells may modulate the neurogenic process. Thus, in this study, we identified the SFs released by olfactory human neural stem/progenitor cells (hNS/PCs-OE). These cells express Ki67, nestin, and βIII-tubulin, indicating their neural lineage. The hNS/PCs-OE also express PSD95 and tau proteins during proliferation, but increased levels are observed after differentiation. Thus, we evaluated the effects of SFs from hNS/PCs-OE on the viability, proliferation, and differentiation potential of adult murine hippocampal neural precursor cells (AHPCs). SFs from hNS/PCs-OE maintain cells in the precursor and proliferative stages and mainly promote the astrocytic differentiation of AHPCs. These effects involved the activation, as measured by phosphorylation, of several proteins (Erk1/2; Akt/PRAS40/GSK3β and JAK/STAT) involved in key events of the neurogenic process. Moreover, according to the results from the antibody-based microarray approach, among the soluble factors, hNS/PCs-OE produce interleukin-6 (IL-6) and neurotrophin 4 (NT4). However, residual epidermal growth factor (EGF) was also detected. These proteins partially reproduced the effects of SFs from hNS/PCs-OE on AHPCs, and the mechanism underlying these effects is mediated by Src proteins, which have been implicated in EGF-induced transactivation of TrkB receptor. The results of the present study suggest the potential use of SFs from hNS/PCs-OE in controlling the differentiation potential of AHPCs. Thus, the potential clinical relevance of hNS/PCs-OE is worth pursuing.
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36
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Kawamura Y, Takouda J, Yoshimoto K, Nakashima K. New aspects of glioblastoma multiforme revealed by similarities between neural and glioblastoma stem cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2018; 34:425-440. [PMID: 29383547 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-017-9420-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) undergo self-renewal and generate neurons and glial cells under the influence of specific signals from surrounding environments. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly lethal brain tumor arising from NSCs or glial precursor cells owing to dysregulation of transcriptional and epigenetic networks that control self-renewal and differentiation of NSCs. Highly tumorigenic glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) constitute a small subpopulation of GBM cells, which share several characteristic similarities with NSCs. GSCs exist atop a stem cell hierarchy and generate heterogeneous populations that participate in tumor propagation, drug resistance, and relapse. During multimodal treatment, GSCs de-differentiate and convert into cells with malignant characteristics, and thus play critical roles in tumor propagation. In contrast, differentiation therapy that induces GBM cells or GSCs to differentiate into a neuronal or glial lineage is expected to inhibit their proliferation. Since stem cell differentiation is specified by the cells' epigenetic status, understanding their stemness and the epigenomic situation in the ancestor, NSCs, is important and expected to be helpful for developing treatment modalities for GBM. Here, we review the current findings regarding the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of NSC fate in the developing brain, as well as those of GBM and GSCs. Furthermore, considering the similarities between NSCs and GSCs, we also discuss potential new strategies for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Kawamura
- Division of Basic Stem Cell Biology, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Takouda
- Division of Basic Stem Cell Biology, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Koji Yoshimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kinichi Nakashima
- Division of Basic Stem Cell Biology, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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37
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Meares GP, Rajbhandari R, Gerigk M, Tien CL, Chang C, Fehling SC, Rowse A, Mulhern KC, Nair S, Gray GK, Berbari NF, Bredel M, Benveniste EN, Nozell SE. MicroRNA-31 is required for astrocyte specification. Glia 2018; 66:987-998. [PMID: 29380422 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we determined microRNA-31 (miR-31) is a noncoding tumor suppressive gene frequently deleted in glioblastoma (GBM); miR-31 suppresses tumor growth, in part, by limiting the activity of NF-κB. Herein, we expand our previous studies by characterizing the role of miR-31 during neural precursor cell (NPC) to astrocyte differentiation. We demonstrate that miR-31 expression and activity is suppressed in NPCs by stem cell factors such as Lin28, c-Myc, SOX2 and Oct4. However, during astrocytogenesis, miR-31 is induced by STAT3 and SMAD1/5/8, which mediate astrocyte differentiation. We determined miR-31 is required for terminal astrocyte differentiation, and that the loss of miR-31 impairs this process and/or prevents astrocyte maturation. We demonstrate that miR-31 promotes astrocyte development, in part, by reducing the levels of Lin28, a stem cell factor implicated in NPC renewal. These data suggest that miR-31 deletions may disrupt astrocyte development and/or homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon P Meares
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506
| | - Rajani Rajbhandari
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Magda Gerigk
- Departments of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Chih-Liang Tien
- Departments of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Chenbei Chang
- Departments of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Samuel C Fehling
- Departments of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Amber Rowse
- Departments of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Kayln C Mulhern
- Departments of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Sindhu Nair
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - G Kenneth Gray
- Departments of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Nicolas F Berbari
- Departments of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202
| | - Markus Bredel
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Etty N Benveniste
- Departments of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Susan E Nozell
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
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38
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Yasui T, Uezono N, Nakashima H, Noguchi H, Matsuda T, Noda-Andoh T, Okano H, Nakashima K. Hypoxia Epigenetically Confers Astrocytic Differentiation Potential on Human Pluripotent Cell-Derived Neural Precursor Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 8:1743-1756. [PMID: 28591654 PMCID: PMC5470174 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neural precursor cells (hNPCs) derived from pluripotent stem cells display a high propensity for neuronal differentiation, but they require long-term culturing to differentiate efficiently into astrocytes. The mechanisms underlying this biased fate specification of hNPCs remain elusive. Here, we show that hypoxia confers astrocytic differentiation potential on hNPCs through epigenetic gene regulation, and that this was achieved by cooperation between hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and Notch signaling, accompanied by a reduction of DNA methylation level in the promoter region of a typical astrocyte-specific gene, Glial fibrillary acidic protein. Furthermore, we found that this hypoxic culture condition could be applied to rapid generation of astrocytes from Rett syndrome patient-derived hNPCs, and that these astrocytes impaired neuronal development. Thus, our findings shed further light on the molecular mechanisms regulating hNPC differentiation and provide attractive tools for the development of therapeutic strategies for treating astrocyte-mediated neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Yasui
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Naohiro Uezono
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Noguchi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Taito Matsuda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoko Noda-Andoh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kinichi Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
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39
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Pinto JP, Machado RS, Magno R, Oliveira DV, Machado S, Andrade RP, Bragança J, Duarte I, Futschik ME. StemMapper: a curated gene expression database for stem cell lineage analysis. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:D788-D793. [PMID: 29045725 PMCID: PMC5753294 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptomic data have become a fundamental resource for stem cell (SC) biologists as well as for a wider research audience studying SC-related processes such as aging, embryonic development and prevalent diseases including cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Access and analysis of the growing amount of freely available transcriptomics datasets for SCs, however, are not trivial tasks. Here, we present StemMapper, a manually curated gene expression database and comprehensive resource for SC research, built on integrated data for different lineages of human and mouse SCs. It is based on careful selection, standardized processing and stringent quality control of relevant transcriptomics datasets to minimize artefacts, and includes currently over 960 transcriptomes covering a broad range of SC types. Each of the integrated datasets was individually inspected and manually curated. StemMapper's user-friendly interface enables fast querying, comparison, and interactive visualization of quality-controlled SC gene expression data in a comprehensive manner. A proof-of-principle analysis discovering novel putative astrocyte/neural SC lineage markers exemplifies the utility of the integrated data resource. We believe that StemMapper can open the way for new insights and advances in SC research by greatly simplifying the access and analysis of SC transcriptomic data. StemMapper is freely accessible at http://stemmapper.sysbiolab.eu.
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Affiliation(s)
- José P Pinto
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory (SysBioLab), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
- Center for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Rui S R Machado
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory (SysBioLab), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
- Center for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Ramiro Magno
- Center for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Campus Gambelas, Ed. 2 - Ala Norte 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Daniel V Oliveira
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 14157, Sweden
| | - Susana Machado
- Center for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Campus Gambelas, Ed. 2 - Ala Norte 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Raquel P Andrade
- Center for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Campus Gambelas, Ed. 2 - Ala Norte 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - José Bragança
- Center for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Campus Gambelas, Ed. 2 - Ala Norte 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Duarte
- Center for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Campus Gambelas, Ed. 2 - Ala Norte 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Matthias E Futschik
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory (SysBioLab), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
- Center for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- School of Biomedical & Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK
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40
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Kawamura Y, Katada S, Noguchi H, Yamamoto H, Sanosaka T, Iihara K, Nakashima K. Synergistic induction of astrocytic differentiation by factors secreted from meninges in the mouse developing brain. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:3709-3720. [PMID: 29029363 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes, which support diverse neuronal functions, are generated from multipotent neural stem/precursor cells (NS/PCs) during brain development. Although many astrocyte-inducing factors have been identified and studied in vitro, the regions and/or cells that produce these factors in the developing brain remain elusive. Here, we show that meninges-produced factors induce astrocytic differentiation of NS/PCs. Consistent with the timing when astrocytic differentiation of NS/PCs increases, expression of astrocyte-inducing factors is upregulated. Meningeal secretion-mimicking combinatorial treatment of NS/PCs with bone morphogenetic protein 4, retinoic acid and leukemia inhibitory factor synergistically activate the promoter of a typical astrocytic marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein. Taken together, our data suggest that meninges play an important role in astrocytic differentiation of NS/PCs in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Kawamura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sayako Katada
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Noguchi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sanosaka
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Iihara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kinichi Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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41
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RNF20 controls astrocytic differentiation through epigenetic regulation of STAT3 in the developing brain. Cell Death Differ 2017; 25:294-306. [PMID: 28984873 PMCID: PMC5762844 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocyte has crucial roles in the central nervous system and accumulating evidence has shown its core function for brain complexity, plasticity and cognition. However, the essential key factors in the precise regulation of astrocytic differentiation remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we identified that RNF20, an E3 ligase of H2BK120 in the mammalian system, regulates astrocyte production from neural precursor cells. RNF20 deficiency by shRNA knockdown or deletion in conditional knockout mice impairs the astrocytic differentiation. Overexpression of RNF20 promotes astrocytic differentiation and can rescue the astrocyte production deficiency caused by RNF20 disruption. Furthermore, we demonstrate that RNF20 functions cooperatively with acetyltransferase MOF to promote astrocytic generation. RNF20-mediated H2Bub1 cooperating with MOF-mediated H4K16ac activates the transcription of Stat3. Together, these data indicate RNF20 is a critical regulator of astrocytic production, which may contribute to the understanding of neurological disorders with glial dysgenesis.
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42
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Eliwa H, Belzung C, Surget A. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis: Is it the alpha and omega of antidepressant action? Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 141:86-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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43
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Epigenetic regulation of neural stem cell differentiation towards spinal cord regeneration. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 371:189-199. [PMID: 28695279 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2656-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Severe spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to almost complete neural cell loss at the injured site, causing the irreversible disruption of neuronal circuits. The transplantation of neural stem or precursor cells (NS/PCs) has been regarded as potentially effective for SCI treatment because NS/PCs can compensate for the injured sites by differentiating into neurons and glial cells (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes). An understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the proliferation, fate specification and maturation of NS/PCs and their progeny would facilitate the establishment of better therapeutic strategies for regeneration after SCI. In recent years, several studies of SCI animal models have demonstrated that the modulation of specific epigenetic marks by histone modifiers and non-coding RNAs directs the setting of favorable cellular environments that promote the neuronal differentiation of NS/PCs and/or the elongation of the axons of the surviving neurons at the injured sites. In this review, we provide an overview of recent progress in the epigenetic regulation/manipulation of neural cells for the treatment of SCI.
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Xu D, Liu Z, Wang S, Peng Y, Sun X. Astrocytes regulate the expression of Sp1R3 on oligodendrocyte progenitor cells through Cx47 and promote their proliferation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017. [PMID: 28634078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Many degenerative diseases of the central nervous system are associated with demyelination. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are potential stem cells that can differentiate into various cell types, including oligodendrocytes (OLs). Promoting the proliferation and differentiation of OPCs into mature OLs that can myelinate axons is the key to stimulate remyelination. Here, we report that astrocytes (ASTs) increase the number of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors 3 (S1pR3) on OPCs and promote OPCs proliferation through a direct contact via connexin 47 (Cx47). Our results demonstrate that ASTs can regulate the proliferation of OPCs through Cx47-mediated induction of S1pR3 expression on OPCs. Cx47/S1pR3 remarkably increases the number of OPCs and promotes cell transition from the G1 to the S phase. Furthermore, inhibiting either Cx47 or S1pR3 decreases OPC proliferation. In summary, ASTs regulate the expression of S1pR3 in OPCs via Cx47, which could be a valuable approach for promoting OPC proliferation. This strategy may therefore represent a potential treatment for neurological diseases caused by OLs death and demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Zhaoyu Liu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Shang Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Yan Peng
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
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Liu Z, Xu D, Wang S, Chen Y, Li Z, Gao X, Jiang L, Tang Y, Peng Y. Astrocytes induce proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells via connexin 47-mediated activation of the ERK/Id4 pathway. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:714-722. [PMID: 28278052 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1295183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferative ability of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) varied markedly under different culture conditions. Astrocytes (ASTs) have been verified to play a major role in regulating the proliferation of OPCs through direct contact. However, the mechanisms have not been fully clarified. To investigate the effect and mechanism under AST and OPC co-culture conditions, we analyzed all connexins comprehensively in OPCs under OPC mono-culture, AST-secreted cell factor co-culture and AST-OPC direct-contact co-culture, and found that significantly differentially expressed Cx47 was the most significant. To assess whether Cx47 plays a role in proliferation, Cx47 siRNA were conducted. The result indicates that the cell cycle of OPCs was changed, and the cell proliferation was markedly inhibited. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) predictive analysis suggested that Cx47 regulate cell cycle and proliferation by Ca2+ activation of ERK1/2. To verify the prediction, flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot were used. The results show that interference of Cx47 led to decreased Ca2+ concentrations, lower p-ERK 1/2 levels, reduced transcription factor inhibitor of DNA binding 4 (Id4) expression, arrested cell cycle and reduced OPCs proliferative ability. Additionally, blocking ERK1/2 signaling caused decreased Id4 expression, arrested cell cycle in G1 phase, and reduced OPCs proliferative ability. In conclusion, ASTs can cause Ca2+ signaling activation, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and Id4 expression stimulation in OPCs, inducing proliferation of these cells, mainly through Cx47.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Liu
- a Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P.R. China
| | - Dan Xu
- b Department of Neurosurgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P.R. China
| | - Shang Wang
- a Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P.R. China
| | - Yi Chen
- a Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P.R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- a Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- a Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P.R. China
| | - Lu Jiang
- a Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P.R. China
| | - Yong Tang
- a Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P.R. China
| | - Yan Peng
- a Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P.R. China
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Huang Z, Xiong WC. Neogenin-YAP signaling in neocortical astrocytic differentiation. NEUROGENESIS 2016; 3:e1248735. [PMID: 28405584 DOI: 10.1080/23262133.2016.1248735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes, a major type of glial cells in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), have a wide variety of physiological functions, including formation of the blood brain barrier, and modulation of synaptic transmission and information processing, and maintenance of CNS homeostasis. The signaling pathway initiated by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is critical for astrogliogenesis. However, exactly how this pathway regulates astrogliogenesis remains poorly understood. We have recently provided in vitro and in vivo evidence for neogenin's function in neural stem cells (NSCs) to promote neocortical astrogliogenesis. Neogenin in NSCs as well as astrocytes is required for BMP2 activation of RhoA that promotes YAP (yes-associated protein) nuclear translocation, consequently, YAP interaction with nuclear p-Smad1/5/8, and stabilization of Smad1/5/8 signaling. We have also provided evidence that YAP in NSCs is necessary for neocortical astrogliogenesis, and expression of YAP in neogenin deficient NSCs diminishes the astrogliogenesis deficit. These recent findings identify an unrecognized function of neogenin in promoting neocortical astrogliogenesis, and reveal a pathway of BMP2-neogenin-YAP-Smad1 underlying astrogliogenesis in developing mouse neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Huang
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Institute of Hypoxia Medicine and Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, GA, USA
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The Circadian NAD + Metabolism: Impact on Chromatin Remodeling and Aging. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:3208429. [PMID: 28050554 PMCID: PMC5165141 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3208429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression is known to be a stochastic phenomenon. The stochastic gene expression rate is thought to be altered by topological change of chromosome and/or by chromatin modifications such as acetylation and methylation. Changes in mechanical properties of chromosome/chromatin by soluble factors, mechanical stresses from the environment, or metabolites determine cell fate, regulate cellular functions, or maintain cellular homeostasis. Circadian clock, which drives the expression of thousands of genes with 24-hour rhythmicity, has been known to be indispensable for maintaining cellular functions/homeostasis. During the last decade, it has been demonstrated that chromatin also undergoes modifications with 24-hour rhythmicity and facilitates the fine-tuning of circadian gene expression patterns. In this review, we cover data which suggests that chromatin structure changes in a circadian manner and that NAD+ is the key metabolite for circadian chromatin remodeling. Furthermore, we discuss the relationship among circadian clock, NAD+ metabolism, and aging/age-related diseases. In addition, the interventions of NAD+ metabolism for the prevention and treatment of aging and age-related diseases are also discussed.
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Maduna T, Lelievre V. Neuropeptides shaping the central nervous system development: Spatiotemporal actions of VIP and PACAP through complementary signaling pathways. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:1472-1487. [PMID: 27717098 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) are neuropeptides with wide, complementary, and overlapping distributions in the central and peripheral nervous systems, where they exert important regulatory roles in many physiological processes. VIP and PACAP display a large range of biological cellular targets and functions in the adult nervous system including regulation of neurotransmission and neuroendocrine secretion and neuroprotective and neuroimmune responses. As the main focus of the present review, VIP and PACAP also have been long implicated in nervous system development and maturation through their interaction with the seven transmembrane domain G protein-coupled receptors, PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2, initiating multiple signaling pathways. Compared with PAC1, which solely binds PACAP with very high affinity, VPACs exhibit high affinities for both VIP and PACAP but differ from each other because of their pharmacological profile for both natural accessory peptides and synthetic or chimeric molecules, with agonistic and antagonistic properties. Complementary to initial pharmacological studies, transgenic animals lacking these neuropeptides or their receptors have been used to further characterize the neuroanatomical, electrophysiological, and behavioral roles of PACAP and VIP in the developing central nervous system. In this review, we recapitulate the critical steps and processes guiding/driving neurodevelopment in vertebrates and superimposing the potential contribution of PACAP and VIP receptors on the given timeline. We also describe how alterations in VIP/PACAP signaling may contribute to both (neuro)developmental and adult pathologies and suggest that tuning of VIP/PACAP signaling in a spatiotemporal manner may represent a novel avenue for preventive therapies of neurological and psychiatric disorders. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tando Maduna
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPR3212, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Lelievre
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPR3212, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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Noguchi H, Kimura A, Murao N, Namihira M, Nakashima K. Prenatal deletion of DNA methyltransferase 1 in neural stem cells impairs neurogenesis and causes anxiety-like behavior in adulthood. NEUROGENESIS 2016; 3:e1232679. [PMID: 27844025 DOI: 10.1080/23262133.2016.1232679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in our understanding of epigenetic regulation of central nervous system development, little is known regarding the effects of epigenetic dysregulation on neurogenesis and brain function in adulthood. In the present study, we show that prenatal deletion of DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) in neural stem cells results in impaired neurogenesis as well as increases in inflammatory features (e.g., elevated glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP] expression in astrocytes and increased numbers of microglia) in the adult mouse brain. Moreover, these mice exhibited anxiety-like behavior during an open-field test. These findings suggest that Dnmt1 plays a critical role in regulating neurogenesis and behavior in the developing brain and into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Noguchi
- Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kimura
- Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoya Murao
- Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Namihira
- Molecular Neurophysiology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kinichi Nakashima
- Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
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Abstract
Oligodendrocytes produce myelin, an insulating sheath required for the saltatory conduction of electrical impulses along axons. Oligodendrocyte loss results in demyelination, which leads to impaired neurological function in a broad array of diseases ranging from pediatric leukodystrophies and cerebral palsy, to multiple sclerosis and white matter stroke. Accordingly, replacing lost oligodendrocytes, whether by transplanting oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) or by mobilizing endogenous progenitors, holds great promise as a therapeutic strategy for the diseases of central white matter. In this Primer, we describe the molecular events regulating oligodendrocyte development and how our understanding of this process has led to the establishment of methods for producing OPCs and oligodendrocytes from embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, as well as directly from somatic cells. In addition, we will discuss the safety of engrafted stem cell-derived OPCs, as well as approaches by which to modulate their differentiation and myelinogenesis in vivo following transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Goldman
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark Neuroscience Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Nicholas J Kuypers
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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