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Mkabayi L, Viljoen Z, Krause RW, Lobb KA, Pletschke BI, Frost CL. Inhibitory effects of selected cannabinoids against dipeptidyl peptidase IV, an enzyme linked to type 2 diabetes. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23289. [PMID: 38169946 PMCID: PMC10758829 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance In recent times the decriminalisation of cannabis globally has increased its use as an alternative medication. Where it has been used in modern medicinal practises since the 1800s, there is limited scientific investigation to understand the biological activities of this plant. Aim of the study Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) plays a key role in regulating glucose homeostasis, and inhibition of this enzyme has been used as a therapeutic approach to treat type 2 diabetes. However, some of the synthetic inhibitors for this enzyme available on the market may cause undesirable side effects. Therefore, it is important to identify new inhibitors of DPP-IV and to understand their interaction with this enzyme. Methods In this study, four cannabinoids (cannabidiol, cannabigerol, cannabinol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol) were evaluated for their inhibitory effects against recombinant human DPP-IV and their potential inhibition mechanism was explored using both in vitro and in silico approaches. Results All four cannabinoids resulted in a dose-dependent response with IC50 values of between 4.0 and 6.9 μg/mL. Kinetic analysis revealed a mixed mode of inhibition. CD spectra indicated that binding of cannabinoids results in structural and conformational changes in the secondary structure of the enzyme. These findings were supported by molecular docking studies which revealed best docking scores at both active and allosteric sites for all tested inhibitors. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations showed that cannabinoids formed a stable complex with DPP-IV protein via hydrogen bonds at an allosteric site, suggesting that cannabinoids act by either inducing conformational changes or blocking the active site of the enzyme. Conclusion These results demonstrated that cannabinoids may modulate DPP-IV activity and thereby potentially assist in improving glycaemic regulation in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lithalethu Mkabayi
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Zenobia Viljoen
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
| | - Rui W.M. Krause
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Kevin A. Lobb
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Brett I. Pletschke
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Carminita L. Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
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Haddou S, Elrherabi A, Loukili EH, Abdnim R, Hbika A, Bouhrim M, Al Kamaly O, Saleh A, Shahat AA, Bnouham M, Hammouti B, Chahine A. Chemical Analysis of the Antihyperglycemic, and Pancreatic α-Amylase, Lipase, and Intestinal α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Cannabis sativa L. Seed Extracts. Molecules 2023; 29:93. [PMID: 38202676 PMCID: PMC10779963 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabis is considered (Cannabis sativa L.) a sacred herb in many countries and is vastly employed in traditional medicine to remedy numerous diseases, such as diabetes. This research investigates the chemical composition of the aqueous extracts from Cannabis sativa L. seeds. Furthermore, the impact of these extracts on pancreatic α-amylase and lipase, and intestinal α-glucosidase enzymes is evaluated, as well as their antihyperglycemic effect. Analysis of the chemical composition of the aqueous extract was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD). In contrast, the ethanol, hexanic, dichloromethane, and aqueous extract compositions have been established. Additionally, the inhibitory effects of ethanolic, dichloromethane, and aqueous extracts on pancreatic α-amylase and lipase, and intestinal α-glucosidase activities were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The results of HPLC analysis indicate that the most abundant phenolic compound in the aqueous cannabis seed extract is 3-hydroxycinnamic acid, followed by 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and rutin acid. Moreover, administration of ethanolic and aqueous extracts at a dose of 150 mg/Kg significantly suppressed postprandial hyperglycemia compared to the control group; the ethanolic, dichloromethane, and aqueous extracts significantly inhibit pancreatic α-amylase and lipase, and intestinal α-glucosidase in vitro. The pancreatic α-amylase test exhibited an inhibition with IC50 values of 16.36 ± 1.24 µg/mL, 19.33 ± 1.40 µg/mL, 23.53 ± 1.70 µg/mL, and 17.06 ± 9.91 µg/mL for EAq, EDm, EET, and EHx, respectively. EET has the highest inhibitory capacity for intestinal α-glucosidase activity, with an IC50 of 32.23 ± 3.26 µg/mL. The extracts inhibit porcine pancreatic lipase activity, demonstrating their potential as lipase inhibitors. Specifically, at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, the highest inhibition rate (77%) was observed for EDm. To confirm these results, the inhibitory effect of these extracts on enzymes was tested in vivo. The oral intake of aqueous extract markedly reduced starch- and sucrose-induced hyperglycemia in healthy rats. Administration of the ethanolic extract at a specific dose of 150 mg/kg significantly reduced postprandial glycemia compared with the control group. It is, therefore, undeniable that cannabis extracts represent a promising option as a potentially effective treatment for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salima Haddou
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Process Engineering, Faculty of Science, University Ibn Tofail, University Street, B.P. 242, Kenitra 14000, Morocco; (S.H.); (A.C.)
| | - Amal Elrherabi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed 1st, Bd. Med VI B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (A.E.); (R.A.); (M.B.)
| | - El Hassania Loukili
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry & Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed 1st, Bd. Med VI B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (E.H.L.)
- Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes (UEMF), B.P. 15, Fes 30070, Morocco;
| | - Rhizlan Abdnim
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed 1st, Bd. Med VI B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (A.E.); (R.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Asmae Hbika
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry & Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed 1st, Bd. Med VI B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (E.H.L.)
| | - Mohamed Bouhrim
- Laboratories TBC, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
- Laboratory of Biological Engineering, Team of Functional and Pathological Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Omkulthom Al Kamaly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Asmaa Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Abdelaaty A. Shahat
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Bnouham
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed 1st, Bd. Med VI B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (A.E.); (R.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Belkheir Hammouti
- Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes (UEMF), B.P. 15, Fes 30070, Morocco;
| | - Abdelkrim Chahine
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Process Engineering, Faculty of Science, University Ibn Tofail, University Street, B.P. 242, Kenitra 14000, Morocco; (S.H.); (A.C.)
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Sangkanu S, Pitakbut T, Phoopha S, Khanansuk J, Chandarajoti K, Dej-adisai S. A Comparative Study of Chemical Profiling and Bioactivities between Thai and Foreign Hemp Seed Species ( Cannabis sativa L.) Plus an In-Silico Investigation. Foods 2023; 13:55. [PMID: 38201083 PMCID: PMC10778124 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a plant widely used by humans for textiles, food, and medicine. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the chemical profiling of 12 hemp seed extracts from Thai (HS-TH) and foreign (HS-FS) samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Their antibacterial activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were assayed. Linoleic acid (17.63-86.53%) was a major component presented in Thai hemp seed extracts, while α,β-gluco-octonic acid lactone (30.39%), clionasterol (13.42-29.07%), and glyceryl-linoleate (15.12%) were detected as the main metabolites found in foreign hemp seed extracts. Furthermore, eight extracts from both Thai and foreign hemp seed exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Cutibacterium acnes, with MIC values ranging from 128 to 2048 µg/mL. Interestingly, the ethanol extract of Thai hemp seed (HS-TH-2-M-E) showed superior α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 value of 33.27 ug/mL) over foreign species. The combination between Thai hemp species (HS-TH-2-M-E) and acarbose showed a synergistic effect against α-glucosidase. Furthermore, the docking investigation revealed that fatty acids had a greater impact on α-glucosidase than fatty acid esters and cannabinoids. The computational simulation predicts a potential allosteric binding pocket of guanosine on glucosidase and is the first description of gluco-octonic acid's anti-glucosidase activity in silico. The findings concluded that Thai hemp seed could be used as a resource for supplemental drugs or dietary therapy for diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suthinee Sangkanu
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (S.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Thanet Pitakbut
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
- Computational Structural Biology Unit, RIKEN-Center for Computational Science, Chuo, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Sathianpong Phoopha
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand;
| | - Jiraporn Khanansuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (S.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Kasemsiri Chandarajoti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand;
| | - Sukanya Dej-adisai
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (S.S.); (J.K.)
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Rustandi T, Prihandiwati E, Nugroho F, Hayati F, Afriani N, Alfian R, Aisyah N, Niah R, Rahim A, As-Shiddiq H. Application of artificial intelligence in the development of Jamu "traditional Indonesian medicine" as a more effective drug. Front Artif Intell 2023; 6:1274975. [PMID: 38028667 PMCID: PMC10656769 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2023.1274975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tedi Rustandi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences ISFI, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pancasila University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Erna Prihandiwati
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences ISFI, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
| | - Fatah Nugroho
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fakhriah Hayati
- Bhayangkara Hospital, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahmad Dahlan University, Yogyakarta, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nita Afriani
- Department of Biology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Riza Alfian
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences ISFI, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
| | - Noor Aisyah
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences ISFI, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
| | - Rakhmadhan Niah
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences ISFI, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
| | - Aulia Rahim
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences ISFI, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
| | - Hasbi As-Shiddiq
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin University, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
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Docampo-Palacios ML, Ramirez GA, Tesfatsion TT, Okhovat A, Pittiglio M, Ray KP, Cruces W. Saturated Cannabinoids: Update on Synthesis Strategies and Biological Studies of These Emerging Cannabinoid Analogs. Molecules 2023; 28:6434. [PMID: 37687263 PMCID: PMC10490552 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural and non-natural hexahydrocannabinols (HHC) were first described in 1940 by Adam and in late 2021 arose on the drug market in the United States and in some European countries. A background on the discovery, synthesis, and pharmacology studies of hydrogenated and saturated cannabinoids is described. This is harmonized with a summary and comparison of the cannabinoid receptor affinities of various classical, hybrid, and non-classical saturated cannabinoids. A discussion of structure-activity relationships with the four different pharmacophores found in the cannabinoid scaffold is added to this review. According to laboratory studies in vitro, and in several animal species in vivo, HHC is reported to have broadly similar effects to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the main psychoactive substance in cannabis, as demonstrated both in vitro and in several animal species in vivo. However, the effects of HHC treatment have not been studied in humans, and thus a biological profile has not been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite L. Docampo-Palacios
- Colorado Chromatography Labs, 10505 S. Progress Way, Unit 105, Parker, CO 80134, USA; (G.A.R.); (T.T.T.); (A.O.); (M.P.); (K.P.R.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Westley Cruces
- Colorado Chromatography Labs, 10505 S. Progress Way, Unit 105, Parker, CO 80134, USA; (G.A.R.); (T.T.T.); (A.O.); (M.P.); (K.P.R.)
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Erukainure OL, Otukile KP, Harejane KR, Salau VF, Aljoundi A, Chukwuma CI, Matsabisa MG. Computational insights into the antioxidant and antidiabetic mechanisms of cannabidiol: An in vitro and in silico study. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
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Chen S, Mu Z, Yong T, Gu J, Zhang Y, Gao X, Xie Y, Xiao C, Hu H, Yang X, Li X, Cai M, Wu Q. Grifolamine A, a novel bis-γ-butyrolactone from Grifola frondosa exerted inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase and their binding interaction: Affinity and molecular dynamics simulation. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:2045-2052. [PMID: 36345431 PMCID: PMC9636034 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel bis-γ-butyrolactone grifolamine A (1), the first γ-butyrolactone dimer from nature, together with three known γ-butyrolactones (2-4), was isolated from the byproduct from Grifola frondosa polysaccharides preparation process. The structure and stereochemistry of grifolamine A (1) were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis combined with quantum chemical calculation. The biosynthetic origin of compound 1, as well as 2-4 was proposed. Grifolamine A (1) showed an intense inhibition against α-glucosidase in vitro. The underlying inhibitory mechanism was revealed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and binding free energy calculation. SPR revealed that grifolamine A exhibited a strong affinity to α-glucosidase with an equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) value of 1.178 × 10-4 M. Molecular docking manifested that grifolamine A sat at the active pocket of α-glucosidase by van der Waals force, alkyl interaction and carbon hydrogen bonds, and consequently changed the micro-environmental structure of α-glucosidase. MD simulation revealed that grifolamine A had high binding affinity to α-glucosidase with average free energy of -25.2 ± 3.2 kcal/mol. Free energy decomposition indicated amino acid residues including PHE298, PHE308, PHE309, PHE155 and ARG310 at the binding pocket played a strongly positive effect on the interaction between grifolamine A and α-glucosidase. Our findings provide valuable information for the design and development of novel α-glucosidase inhibitors based on γ-butyrolactone skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Zhenqiang Mu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, 410331, China
| | - Tianqiao Yong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Jiangyong Gu
- Research Centre for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Xiong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Yizhen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Chun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Huiping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Xiaobing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Manjun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
- Corresponding author. Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, No. 100 Xianlie Rd, Guangzhou, China.
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