1
|
Chongchai A, Bentayebi K, Chu G, Yan W, Waramit S, Phitak T, Kongtawelert P, Pothacharoen P, Suwan K, Hajitou A. Targeted treatment of chondrosarcoma with a bacteriophage-based particle delivering a secreted tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200805. [PMID: 38745750 PMCID: PMC11090904 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma (CS) is a malignant cartilage-forming bone tumor that is inherently resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, leaving surgery as the only treatment option. We have designed a tumor-targeted bacteriophage (phage)-derived particle (PDP), for targeted systemic delivery of cytokine-encoding transgenes to solid tumors. Phage has no intrinsic tropism for mammalian cells; therefore, it was engineered to display a double cyclic RGD4C ligand on the capsid to target tumors. To induce cancer cell death, we constructed a transgene cassette expressing a secreted form of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (sTRAIL). We detected high expression of αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrin receptors of the RGD4C ligand, and of the TRAIL receptor-2 in human CS cells (SW1353), but not in primary normal chondrocytes. The RGD4C.PDP-Luc particle carrying a luciferase reporter gene, Luc, effectively and selectively mediated gene delivery to SW1353 cells, but not primary chondrocytes. Transduction of SW1353 cells with RGD4C.PDP-sTRAIL encoding a human sTRAIL, resulted in the expression of TRAIL and subsequent cell death without harming the normal chondrocytes. Intravenous administration of RGD4C.PDP-sTRAIL to mice with established human CS resulted in a decrease in tumor size and tumor viability. Altogether, RGD4C.PDP-sTRAIL can be used to target systemic treatment of CS with the sTRAIL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aitthiphon Chongchai
- Cancer Phage Therapy Laboratory, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK
- Thailand Excellence Centre for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kaoutar Bentayebi
- Cancer Phage Therapy Laboratory, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Rabat Medical and Pharmacy School, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10100, Morocco
| | - Grace Chu
- Cancer Phage Therapy Laboratory, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Wenqing Yan
- Cancer Phage Therapy Laboratory, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Sajee Waramit
- Cancer Phage Therapy Laboratory, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Thanyaluck Phitak
- Thailand Excellence Centre for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Prachya Kongtawelert
- Thailand Excellence Centre for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Peraphan Pothacharoen
- Thailand Excellence Centre for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Keittisak Suwan
- Cancer Phage Therapy Laboratory, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Amin Hajitou
- Cancer Phage Therapy Laboratory, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ioakeim-Ioannidou M, Rose M, Chen YL, MacDonald SM. The Use of Proton and Carbon Ion Radiation Therapy for Sarcomas. Semin Radiat Oncol 2024; 34:207-217. [PMID: 38508785 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The unique physical and biological characteristics of proton and carbon ions allow for improved sparing of normal tissues, decreased integral dose to the body, and increased biological effect through high linear energy transfer. These properties are particularly useful for sarcomas given their histology, wide array of locations, and age of diagnosis. This review summarizes the literature and describes the clinical situations in which these heavy particles have advantages for treating sarcomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Melanie Rose
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | - Yen-Lin Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Shannon M MacDonald
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yin J, Ren P. New advances in the treatment of chondrosarcoma under the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. J Cancer Res Ther 2024; 20:522-530. [PMID: 38687921 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2269_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Bone sarcomas encompass a group of spontaneous mesenchymal malignancies, among which osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and chordoma are the most common subtypes. Chondrosarcoma, a relatively prevalent malignant bone tumor that originates from chondrocytes, is characterized by endogenous cartilage ossification within the tumor tissue. Despite the use of aggressive treatment approaches involving extensive surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy for patients with osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and chordoma, limited improvements in patient outcomes have been observed. Furthermore, resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy has been observed in chondrosarcoma and chordoma cases. Consequently, novel therapeutic approaches for bone sarcomas, including chondrosarcoma, need to be uncovered. Recently, the emergence of immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors has garnered attention given their clinical success in various diverse types of cancer, thereby prompting investigations into their potential for managing chondrosarcoma. Considering that circumvention of immune surveillance is considered a key factor in the malignant progression of tumors and that immune checkpoints play an important role in modulating antitumor immune effects, blockers or inhibitors targeting these immune checkpoints have become effective therapeutic tools for patients with tumors. One such checkpoint receptor implicated in this process is programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1). The association between PD-1 and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and cancer progression in humans has been extensively studied, highlighting their remarkable potential as biomarkers for cancer treatment. This review comprehensively examines available studies on current chondrosarcoma treatments and advancements in anti-PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy for chondrosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Yin
- Trauma Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhu J, Wei R, Hu G, Wang H, Wang W, Wang H, Huang J, Wang Y, Li Y, Meng H. Development of Injectable Thermosensitive Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Ratiometric Drug Delivery to Treat Drug Resistant Chondrosarcoma In Vivo. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2310340. [PMID: 38456789 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma(CS), a prevalent primary malignant bone tumor, frequently exhibits chemotherapy resistance attributed to upregulated anti-apoptosis pathways such as the Bcl-2 family. In this manuscript, a new strategy is presented to augment chemosensitivity and mitigate systemic toxicity by harnessing a nano-enabled drug delivery hydrogel platform. The platform utilizes "PLGA-PEG-PLGA", an amphiphilic triblock copolymer combining hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) and hydrophobic polylactide glycolide (PLGA) blocks, renowned for its properties conducive to crafting a biodegradable, temperature-sensitive hydrogel. This platform is tailored to encapsulate a ratiometrically designed dual-loaded liposomes containing a first-line chemo option for CS, Doxorubicin (Dox), plus a calculated amount of small molecule inhibitor for anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 pathway, ABT-737. In vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrate successful Bcl-2 suppression, resulting in the restoration of Dox sensitivity, evident through impeded tumor growth and amplified necrosis rates at the tumor site. This delivery system showcases remarkable thermal responsiveness, injectability, and biodegradability, all finely aligned with the clinical demands of CS treatment. Collectively, this study introduces a transformative avenue for tackling drug resistance in CS chemotherapy, offering significant clinical potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Ran Wei
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Guang Hu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wenbin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Haiqiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Jidan Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- USTC Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Yu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Yujing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huan Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Trovarelli G, Sbaraglia M, Angelini A, Bellan E, Pala E, Belluzzi E, Pozzuoli A, Borga C, Dei Tos AP, Ruggieri P. Are IDH1 R132 Mutations Associated With Poor Prognosis in Patients With Chondrosarcoma of the Bone? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2024; 482:00003086-990000000-01457. [PMID: 38170705 PMCID: PMC11124741 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000002960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because chondrosarcomas vary widely in their behavior, and because anticipating their behavior based on histology alone can be challenging, genetic markers represent an appealing area of inquiry that may help us refine our prognostic approaches. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations are involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of neoplasms, and recently, IDH1/2 mutations have been found in the tissue of benign cartilage tumors as well as in conventional chondrosarcomas and highly aggressive dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas. However, their association with patient survival is still controversial. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES (1) What proportion of patients with chondrosarcomas carry IDH mutations, and which IDH mutations can be found? (2) Are any specific IDH mutations associated with poorer overall survival, metastasis-free survival, or local recurrence-free survival? METHODS Between April 2017 and December 2022, we treated 74 patients for atypical cartilaginous tumors or chondrosarcomas in a musculoskeletal tumor referral center. Patients were considered potentially eligible for the present study if the histologic diagnosis was confirmed by two expert soft tissue and bone pathologists following the current WHO classification, complete preoperative imaging and follow-up data were available, surgical excision was performed by sarcoma orthopaedic surgeons directed by a team leader, and the minimum follow-up was 2 years after surgical treatment unless the patient died. Data including sex, age, diagnosis, grade, type of operation, local recurrence, metastasis, and oncologic follow-up were recorded. Forty-one patients (55%) were eligible for the study. For each patient, DNA was extracted and quantified from paraffin-embedded sections of tumor tissue, and the mutational status of IDH1 (codons 105 and 132) and IDH2 (codons 140 and 172) genes was assessed. Of those, 56% (23 of 41) of patients had adequate DNA for analysis of IDH mutations: 10 male and 13 female patients, with a median age of 59 years (range 15 to 98 years). There were 22 conventional chondrosarcomas (8 atypical cartilaginous tumors, 11 Grade 2, and 3 Grade 3) and 1 dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. Stage was IA in 3 patients, IB in 5, IIA in 1, IIB in 13, and III in 1, according to the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society classification. At a median follow-up of 3.5 years (range 4 months to 5.6 years), 14 patients were disease-free, 2 were alive with disease, and 7 died (3 within 2 years from surgery). Eight patients had metastases, and 7 developed local recurrence. We determined the proportion of patients who carried IDH mutations, and compared patients with and without those mutations in terms of overall survival, metastasis-free survival, and local recurrence-free survival using Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS Six patients showed wild-type IDH genes, and 17 had IDH mutations (12 had IDH1 R132, 3 had IDH1 G105, and 2 had IDH2 R172). Overall survival at 2 years using the Kaplan-Meier estimator was lower in patients with an IDH mutation than in those with the wild-type gene (75% [95% confidence interval 50% to 99%] versus 100% [95% CI 100% to 100%]; p = 0.002). Two-year metastasis-free survival was also lower in patients with an IDH mutation than in those with the wild-type gene (33% [95% CI 7% to 60%] versus 100% [95% CI 100% to 100%]; p = 0.001), as was 2-year local recurrence-free survival (70% [95% CI 42% to 98%] versus 100% [95% CI 100% to 100%]; p = 0.02). CONCLUSION We found that IDH1 R132 mutations were negatively associated with the prognosis of patients with bone chondrosarcomas. Nevertheless, more extensive studies (such as multicenter international studies) are needed and advisable to confirm our observations in this preliminary small series. Moreover, evaluating mutational status in fresh samples instead of in paraffin-embedded sections could help to increase the number of patients with adequate DNA for analysis. If our findings will be confirmed, the evaluation of IDH mutational status in biopsy samples or resection specimens could be considered when stratifying patients, highlighting those who may benefit from more aggressive treatment (such as adjuvant chemotherapy) or closer follow-up. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, prognostic study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Trovarelli
- Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology of University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Marta Sbaraglia
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Angelini
- Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology of University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Bellan
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Pala
- Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology of University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Belluzzi
- Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology of University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Assunta Pozzuoli
- Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology of University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Borga
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Angelo Paolo Dei Tos
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Pietro Ruggieri
- Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology of University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Simon S, Resch H, Lomoschitz F, Frank BJH, Kocijan R. Chondrosarcoma of the spine-a case report. Wien Med Wochenschr 2023; 173:334-338. [PMID: 35119543 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-021-00897-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
CASE A 73-year-old male patient presented with a 3-month history of back pain. In bone scintigraphy and the FDG PET-CT scan (fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission computed tomography), highly suspect uptake levels were found in TH12-L1. Accordingly, an osteodestructive process was found on MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). Following a successfully performed biopsy of TH12, histologic analysis of the bone material revealed a chondrosarcoma (G1; T4N2M0). Complete resection of the tumor was successfully performed, since chondrosarcoma are resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. CONCLUSION As chondrosarcoma is a rare bone neoplasm, it must be considered in the differential diagnosis of lower back pain to initiate adequate treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Simon
- II Medical Department, St. Vincent Hospital Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Michael-Ogon Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopaedic Hospital Vienna-Speising, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinrich Resch
- II Medical Department, St. Vincent Hospital Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Medical Faculty of Bone Diseases, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Lomoschitz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hospital Hietzing, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard J H Frank
- Michael-Ogon Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopaedic Hospital Vienna-Speising, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Kocijan
- Medical Faculty of Bone Diseases, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Center Vienna-Meidling, Vienna, Austria.
- I Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital Vienna, Heinrich Collin-Str. 30, 1140, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Veys C, Boulouard F, Benmoussa A, Jammes M, Brotin E, Rédini F, Poulain L, Gruchy N, Denoyelle C, Legendre F, Galera P. MiR-4270 acts as a tumor suppressor by directly targeting Bcl-xL in human osteosarcoma cells. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1220459. [PMID: 37719019 PMCID: PMC10501397 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1220459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcomas and osteosarcomas are malignant bone tumors with a poor prognosis when unresectable or metastasized. Moreover, radiotherapy and chemotherapy could be ineffective. MiRNAs represent an alternative therapeutic approach. Based on high-throughput functional screening, we identified four miRNAs with a potential antiproliferative effect on SW1353 chondrosarcoma cells. Individual functional validations were then performed in SW1353 cells, as well as in three osteosarcoma cell lines. The antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of miRNAs were evaluated in comparison with a positive control, miR-342-5p. The cytotoxic effect of four selected miRNAs was not confirmed on SW1353 cells, but we unambiguously revealed that miR-4270 had a potent cytotoxic effect on HOS and MG-63 osteosarcoma cell lines, but not on SaOS-2 cell line. Furthermore, like miR-342-5p, miR-4270 induced apoptosis in these two cell lines. In addition, we provided the first report of Bcl-xL as a direct target of miR-4270. MiR-4270 also decreased the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1, and increased the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bak. Our findings demonstrated that miR-4270 has tumor suppressive activity in osteosarcoma cells, particularly through Bcl-xL downregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clément Veys
- Normandie Univ., UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN, Caen, France
| | - Flavie Boulouard
- Normandie Univ., UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN, Caen, France
- Department of Genetics, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Abderrahim Benmoussa
- Normandie Univ., UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN, Caen, France
- Research Center of the UHC Sainte-Justine and Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Manon Jammes
- Normandie Univ., UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN, Caen, France
| | - Emilie Brotin
- Normandie Univ., UNICAEN, Federative Structure Normandie Oncology, US Platon, ImpedanCELL Platform, Caen, France
- Normandie Univ., UNICAEN, INSERM U1086 ANTICIPE, Biology and Innovative Therapeutics for Ovarian Cancer (BioTICLA), Caen, France
- UNICANCER, Comprehensive Cancer Center F. Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Françoise Rédini
- UMR 1238 Phy-Os “Bone Sarcomas and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues”, INSERM, Nantes University, Nantes, France
| | - Laurent Poulain
- Normandie Univ., UNICAEN, INSERM U1086 ANTICIPE, Biology and Innovative Therapeutics for Ovarian Cancer (BioTICLA), Caen, France
- UNICANCER, Comprehensive Cancer Center F. Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Nicolas Gruchy
- Normandie Univ., UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN, Caen, France
- Department of Genetics, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Christophe Denoyelle
- Normandie Univ., UNICAEN, Federative Structure Normandie Oncology, US Platon, ImpedanCELL Platform, Caen, France
- Normandie Univ., UNICAEN, INSERM U1086 ANTICIPE, Biology and Innovative Therapeutics for Ovarian Cancer (BioTICLA), Caen, France
- UNICANCER, Comprehensive Cancer Center F. Baclesse, Caen, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Oliveira RC, Gama J, Casanova J. B-cell lymphoma 2 family members and sarcomas: a promising target in a heterogeneous disease. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:583-599. [PMID: 37720343 PMCID: PMC10501895 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family proteins has been the backbone for hematological malignancies with overall survival improvements. The Bcl-2 family is a major player in apoptosis regulation and, has captured the researcher's interest in the treatment of solid tumors. Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of diseases, comprising several entities, with high morbidity and mortality and with few specific therapies available. The treatment for sarcomas is based on platinum regimens, with variable results and poor outcomes, especially in advanced lesions. The high number of different sarcoma entities makes treatment standardization as well as the performance of clinical trials difficult. The use of Bcl-2 family members modifiers has revealed promising results in in vitro and in vivo models and may be a valid option, especially when used in combination with chemotherapy. In this article, a revision of these results and possibilities for the use of Bcl-2 family members inhibitors in sarcomas was performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Caetano Oliveira
- Centro de Anatomia Patológica Germano de Sousa, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre of Investigation on Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Gama
- Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Casanova
- Centre of Investigation on Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- Orthopedic Oncology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zając W, Dróżdż J, Kisielewska W, Karwowska W, Dudzisz-Śledź M, Zając AE, Borkowska A, Szumera-Ciećkiewicz A, Szostakowski B, Rutkowski P, Czarnecka AM. Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma from Molecular Pathology to Current Treatment and Clinical Trials. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3924. [PMID: 37568740 PMCID: PMC10417069 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DDCS) is a rare subtype of chondrosarcoma, a primary cartilaginous malignant neoplasm. It accounts for up to 1-2% of all chondrosarcomas and is generally associated with one of the poorest prognoses among all chondrosarcomas with the highest risk of metastasis. The 5-year survival rates range from 7% to 24%. DDCS may develop at any age, but the average presentation age is over 50. The most common locations are the femur, pelvis humerus, scapula, rib, and tibia. The standard treatment for localised disease is surgical resection. Most patients are diagnosed in unresectable and advanced stages, and chemotherapy for localised and metastatic dedifferentiated DDCS follows protocols used for osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Zając
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland (M.D.-Ś.); (A.E.Z.); (A.B.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julia Dróżdż
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland (M.D.-Ś.); (A.E.Z.); (A.B.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Kisielewska
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland (M.D.-Ś.); (A.E.Z.); (A.B.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Karwowska
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland (M.D.-Ś.); (A.E.Z.); (A.B.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Dudzisz-Śledź
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland (M.D.-Ś.); (A.E.Z.); (A.B.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Agnieszka E. Zając
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland (M.D.-Ś.); (A.E.Z.); (A.B.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Aneta Borkowska
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland (M.D.-Ś.); (A.E.Z.); (A.B.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Anna Szumera-Ciećkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, Maria Sklodowska Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Bartłomiej Szostakowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland (M.D.-Ś.); (A.E.Z.); (A.B.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland (M.D.-Ś.); (A.E.Z.); (A.B.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Anna M. Czarnecka
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland (M.D.-Ś.); (A.E.Z.); (A.B.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sun Y, Fang Q, Liu W, Liu Y, Zhang C. GANT-61 induces cell cycle resting and autophagy by down-regulating RNAP III signal pathway and tRNA-Gly-CCC synthesis to combate chondrosarcoma. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:461. [PMID: 37488121 PMCID: PMC10366213 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05926-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is ineffective for conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy with a poor prognosis. Hedgehog (Hh) signal pathway plays a crucial role in tumor growth and progression, which is constitutive activated in chondrosarcoma. GLI transcription factors as targets for new drugs or interference technology for the treatment of chondrosarcoma are of great significance. In this study, we indicated that the Hedgehog-GLI1 signal pathway is activated in chondrosarcoma, which further enhances the RNAP III signal pathway to mediate endogenous tRNA fragments synthesis. Downstream oncology functions of endogenous tRNA fragments, such as "cell cycle" and "death receptor binding", are involved in malignant chondrosarcoma. The GANT-61, as an inhibitor of GLI1, could inhibit chondrosarcoma tumor growth effectively by inhibiting the RNAP III signal pathway and tRNA-Gly-CCC synthesis in vivo. Induced G2/M cell cycle resting, apoptosis, and autophagy were the main mechanisms for the inhibitory effect of GANT-61 on chondrosarcoma, which correspond with the above-described downstream oncology functions of endogenous tRNA fragments. We also identified the molecular mechanism by which GANT-61-induced autophagy is involved in ULK1 expression and MAPK signaling pathway. Thus, GANT-61 will be an ideal and promising strategy for combating chondrosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University &Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Qiongxuan Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University &Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University &Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Chunming Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University &Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Walter SG, Knöll P, Eysel P, Quaas A, Gaisendrees C, Nißler R, Hieggelke L. Molecular In-Depth Characterization of Chondrosarcoma for Current and Future Targeted Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092556. [PMID: 37174021 PMCID: PMC10177611 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma (CHS) are heterogenous, but as a whole, represent the second most common primary malignant bone tumor entity. Although knowledge on tumor biology has grown exponentially during the past few decades, surgical resection remains the gold standard for the treatment of these tumors, while radiation and differentiated chemotherapy do not result in sufficient cancer control. An in-depth molecular characterization of CHS reveals significant differences compared to tumors of epithelial origin. Genetically, CHS are heterogenous, but there is no characteristic mutation defining CHS, and yet, IDH1 and IDH2 mutations are frequent. Hypovascularization, extracellular matrix composition of collagen, proteoglycans, and hyaluronan create a mechanical barrier for tumor suppressive immune cells. Comparatively low proliferation rates, MDR-1 expression and an acidic tumor microenvironment further limit therapeutic options in CHS. Future advances in CHS therapy depend on the further characterization of CHS, especially the tumor immune microenvironment, for improved and better targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Gottfried Walter
- Department for Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 24, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Knöll
- Department for Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 24, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Peer Eysel
- Department for Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 24, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Department for Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christopher Gaisendrees
- Department for Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Nißler
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lena Hieggelke
- Department for Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gilbert A, Tudor M, Montanari J, Commenchail K, Savu DI, Lesueur P, Chevalier F. Chondrosarcoma Resistance to Radiation Therapy: Origins and Potential Therapeutic Solutions. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15071962. [PMID: 37046623 PMCID: PMC10093143 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15071962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is a malignant cartilaginous tumor that is particularly chemoresistant and radioresistant to X-rays. The first line of treatment is surgery, though this is almost impossible in some specific locations. Such resistances can be explained by the particular composition of the tumor, which develops within a dense cartilaginous matrix, producing a resistant area where the oxygen tension is very low. This microenvironment forces the cells to adapt and dedifferentiate into cancer stem cells, which are described to be more resistant to conventional treatments. One of the main avenues considered to treat this type of tumor is hadrontherapy, in particular for its ballistic properties but also its greater biological effectiveness against tumor cells. In this review, we describe the different forms of chondrosarcoma resistance and how hadrontherapy, combined with other treatments involving targeted inhibitors, could help to better treat high-grade chondrosarcoma.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kim JH, Lee SK. Classification of Chondrosarcoma: From Characteristic to Challenging Imaging Findings. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061703. [PMID: 36980590 PMCID: PMC10046282 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcomas can be classified into various forms according to the presence or absence of a precursor lesion, location, and histological subtype. The new 2020 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of Soft Tissue and Bone classifies chondrogenic bone tumors as benign, intermediate (locally aggressive), or malignant, and separates atypical cartilaginous tumors (ACTs) and chondrosarcoma grade 1 (CS1) as intermediate and malignant tumors. respectively. Furthermore, the classification categorizes chondrosarcomas (including ACT) into eight subtypes: central conventional (grade 1 vs. 2–3), secondary peripheral (grade 1 vs. 2–3), periosteal, dedifferentiated, mesenchymal, and clear cell chondrosarcoma. Most chondrosarcomas are the low-grade, primary central conventional type. The rarer subtypes include clear cell, mesenchymal, and dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas. Comprehensive analysis of the characteristic imaging findings can help differentiate various forms of chondrosarcomas. However, distinguishing low-grade chondrosarcomas from enchondromas or high-grade chondrosarcomas is radiologically and histopathologically challenging, even for experienced radiologists and pathologists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ho Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Joint Diseases, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Ki Lee
- Department of Radiology, St. Vincent’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Epigenetic Abnormalities in Chondrosarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054539. [PMID: 36901967 PMCID: PMC10003547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, our understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in tumor pathology has improved greatly. DNA and histone modifications, such as methylation, demethylation, acetylation, and deacetylation, can lead to the up-regulation of oncogenic genes, as well as the suppression of tumor suppressor genes. Gene expression can also be modified on a post-transcriptional level by microRNAs that contribute to carcinogenesis. The role of these modifications has been already described in many tumors, e.g., colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers. These mechanisms have also begun to be investigated in less common tumors, such as sarcomas. Chondrosarcoma (CS) is a rare type of tumor that belongs to sarcomas and is the second most common malignant bone tumor after osteosarcoma. Due to unknown pathogenesis and resistance to chemo- and radiotherapies of these tumors, there is a need to develop new potential therapies against CS. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the influence of epigenetic alterations in the pathogenesis of CS by discussing potential candidates for future therapies. We also emphasize ongoing clinical trials that use drugs targeting epigenetic modifications in CS treatment.
Collapse
|
15
|
Association Between Insurance Status and Chondrosarcoma Stage at Diagnosis in the United States: Implications for Detection and Outcomes. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2023; 31:e189-e197. [PMID: 36730695 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-22-00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chondrosarcoma is a common primary bone tumor, and survival is highly influenced by stage at diagnosis. Early detection is paramount to improve outcomes. The aim of this study is to analyze the association between insurance status and stage of chondrosarcoma at the time of diagnosis. METHODS A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database. Patients with a diagnosis of chondrosarcoma between 2007 and 2016 were included. Exposure variable was insurance status and the outcome chondrosarcoma staging at the time of diagnosis. Control variables included tumor grade, age, sex, race, ethnicity, marital status, place of residence, and primary site. Both unadjusted and adjusted (multiple logistic regression) odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed to estimate the association between insurance status and stage. RESULTS An effective sample of 2,187 patients was included for analysis. In total, 1824 (83%) patients had health insurance (nonspecified), 277 (13%) had Medicaid, and the remaining 86 (4%) had no insurance. Regarding stage at diagnosis, 1,213 (55%) had localized disease, whereas 974 (45%) had a later stage at presentation. Before adjustment, the odds of being diagnosed at an advanced (regional/distant) stage were 55% higher in patients without insurance (unadjusted OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.003 to 2.39). After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds increased (adjusted OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.12 to 3.32). Variables with a significant association with a later stage at diagnosis included older age ( P < 0.001), male sex ( P < 0.001), pelvic location ( P < 0.001), and high grade ( P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Being uninsured in the United States increased the odds of a late-stage diagnosis of chondrosarcoma by 94% when compared with insured patients. Lack of medical insurance presumably leads to diminished access to necessary diagnostic testing, which results in a more advanced stage at diagnosis and ultimately a worse prognosis. Efforts are required to remediate healthcare access disparities. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen C, Zhou H, Zhang X, Liu Z, Ma X. Association of FBXW11 levels with tumor development and prognosis in chondrosarcoma. Cancer Biomark 2022; 35:429-437. [PMID: 36404534 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXW11 exerts an oncogenic or tumor suppressive function in a cellular context-dependent manner. However, the clinical significance and biological role of FBXW11 in chondrosarcoma have not been clearly characterized. This study focuses on the expression profile, prognostic value and biological function of FBXW11 in chondrosarcoma. METHODS FBXW11 expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot in six cases of chondrosarcoma specimens and the matched adjacent non-tumor tissues. The expression profile and prognostic value of FBXW11 were investigated in sixty-three cases of chondrosarcoma patients. Cell viability, colony formation, migration, invasion and apoptosis assays were further detected in SW1353 chondrosarcoma cells with restored FBXW11 expression. RESULTS Downregulation of FBXW11 was remarkably detected in human chondrosarcoma specimens compared with the corresponding non-tumor tissues and benign cartilage tumors. Downregulated FBXW11 expression significantly correlated with high-grade chondrosarcoma and poor prognosis. Furthermore, FBXW11 was identified as an independent prognostic factor for the overall survival of chondrosarcoma patients. Restored expression of FBXW11 significantly suppressed chondrosarcoma cell growth and induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These findings establish that FBXW11 was markedly downregulated and recognized as an independent prognostic factor for patients with chondrosarcoma, and restored FBXW11 expression can suppress chondrosarcoma growth and induce apoptosis, highlighting a novel biological marker and potential therapeutic target against chondrosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changbao Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlong Ma
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Genetic Alterations and Deregulation of Hippo Pathway as a Pathogenetic Mechanism in Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246211. [PMID: 36551696 PMCID: PMC9776600 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved modulator of developmental biology with a key role in tissue and organ size regulation under homeostatic conditions. Like other signaling pathways with a significant role in embryonic development, the deregulation of Hippo signaling contributes to oncogenesis. Central to the Hippo pathway is a conserved cascade of adaptor proteins and inhibitory kinases that converge and regulate the activity of the oncoproteins YAP and TAZ, the final transducers of the pathway. Elevated levels and aberrant activation of YAP and TAZ have been described in many cancers. Though most of the studies describe their pervasive activation in epithelial neoplasms, there is increasing evidence pointing out its relevance in mesenchymal malignancies as well. Interestingly, somatic or germline mutations in genes of the Hippo pathway are scarce compared to other signaling pathways that are frequently disrupted in cancer. However, in the case of sarcomas, several examples of genetic alteration of Hippo members, including gene fusions, have been described during the last few years. Here, we review the current knowledge of Hippo pathway implication in sarcoma, describing mechanistic hints recently reported in specific histological entities and how these alterations represent an opportunity for targeted therapy in this heterogeneous group of neoplasm.
Collapse
|
18
|
Roessner A, Franke S, Schreier J, Ullmann S, Karras F, Jechorek D. Genetics and epigenetics in conventional chondrosarcoma with focus on non-coding RNAs. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 239:154172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
19
|
Spanò DP, Bonelli S, Calligaris M, Carreca AP, Carcione C, Zito G, Nicosia A, Rizzo S, Scilabra SD. High-Resolution Secretome Analysis of Chemical Hypoxia Treated Cells Identifies Putative Biomarkers of Chondrosarcoma. Proteomes 2022; 10:proteomes10030025. [PMID: 35893766 PMCID: PMC9326515 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes10030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is the second most common bone tumor, accounting for 20% of all cases. Little is known about the pathology and molecular mechanisms involved in the development and in the metastatic process of chondrosarcoma. As a consequence, there are no approved therapies for this tumor and surgical resection is the only treatment currently available. Moreover, there are no available biomarkers for this type of tumor, and chondrosarcoma classification relies on operator-dependent histopathological assessment. Reliable biomarkers of chondrosarcoma are urgently needed, as well as greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms of its development for translational purposes. Hypoxia is a central feature of chondrosarcoma progression. The hypoxic tumor microenvironment of chondrosarcoma triggers a number of cellular events, culminating in increased invasiveness and migratory capability. Herein, we analyzed the effects of chemically-induced hypoxia on the secretome of SW 1353, a human chondrosarcoma cell line, using high-resolution quantitative proteomics. We found that hypoxia induced unconventional protein secretion and the release of proteins associated to exosomes. Among these proteins, which may be used to monitor chondrosarcoma development, we validated the increased secretion in response to hypoxia of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a glycolytic enzyme well-known for its different functional roles in a wide range of tumors. In conclusion, by analyzing the changes induced by hypoxia in the secretome of chondrosarcoma cells, we identified molecular mechanisms that can play a role in chondrosarcoma progression and pinpointed proteins, including GAPDH, that may be developed as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and therapeutic management of chondrosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Pia Spanò
- Proteomics Group of Fondazione Ri.MED, Department of Research IRCCS ISMETT, via Ernesto Tricomi 5, 90145 Palermo, Italy; (D.P.S.); (S.B.); (M.C.); (A.P.C.)
- STEBICEF (Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simone Bonelli
- Proteomics Group of Fondazione Ri.MED, Department of Research IRCCS ISMETT, via Ernesto Tricomi 5, 90145 Palermo, Italy; (D.P.S.); (S.B.); (M.C.); (A.P.C.)
- STEBICEF (Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Matteo Calligaris
- Proteomics Group of Fondazione Ri.MED, Department of Research IRCCS ISMETT, via Ernesto Tricomi 5, 90145 Palermo, Italy; (D.P.S.); (S.B.); (M.C.); (A.P.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Paola Carreca
- Proteomics Group of Fondazione Ri.MED, Department of Research IRCCS ISMETT, via Ernesto Tricomi 5, 90145 Palermo, Italy; (D.P.S.); (S.B.); (M.C.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Claudia Carcione
- Fondazione Ri.MED, Department of Research IRCCS ISMETT, via Ernesto Tricomi 5, 90145 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Zito
- Research Department, IRCSS ISMETT (Instituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Aldo Nicosia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation-National Research Council (IRIB-CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Sergio Rizzo
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Simone Dario Scilabra
- Proteomics Group of Fondazione Ri.MED, Department of Research IRCCS ISMETT, via Ernesto Tricomi 5, 90145 Palermo, Italy; (D.P.S.); (S.B.); (M.C.); (A.P.C.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li Y, Yang S, Liu Y, Yang S. Mice with Trp53 and Rb1 deficiency in chondrocytes spontaneously develop chondrosarcoma via overactivation of YAP signaling. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:570. [PMID: 35760773 PMCID: PMC9237030 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04916-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma (CHS) is a rare type of soft sarcoma with increased production of cartilage matrix arising from soft bone tissues. Currently, surgical resection is the primary clinical treatment for chondrosarcoma due to the poor response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, the therapeutic effect is not satisfactory due to the higher local recurrence rate. Thus, management and elucidation of the pathological mechanism of chondrosarcoma remain an ongoing challenge, and the development of effective chondrosarcoma mouse models and treatment options are urgently needed. Here, we generated a new transgenic chondrosarcoma model by double conditional deletions of Trp53 and Rb1 in chondrocyte lineage which spontaneously caused spinal chondrosarcoma and lung metastasis. Bioinformatic analysis of the human soft sarcoma database showed that Trp53 and Rb1 genes had higher mutations, reaching up to approximately 33.5% and 8.7%, respectively. Additionally, Trp53 and Rb1 signatures were decreased in the human and mouse chondrosarcoma tissues. Mechanistically, we found that YAP expression and activity were significantly increased in mouse Col2-Cre;Trp53f/f/Rb1f/f chondrosarcoma tissues compared to the adjacent normal cartilage. Knockdown of YAP in primary chondrosarcoma cells significantly inhibited chondrosarcoma proliferation, invasion, and tumorsphere formation. Chondrocyte lineage ablation of YAP delayed chondrosarcoma progression and lung metastasis in Col2-Cre;Trp53f/f/Rb1f/f mice. Moreover, we found that metformin served as a YAP inhibitor, which bound to the activity area of YAP protein, and inhibited chondrosarcoma cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and progression in vitro and significantly suppressed chondrosarcoma formation in vivo. Collectively, this study identifies the inhibition of YAP may be an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of chondrosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Basic & Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shuting Yang
- Department of Basic & Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Shuying Yang
- Department of Basic & Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- The Penn Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hu X, Fujiwara T, Houdek MT, Chen L, Huang W, Sun Z, Sun Y, Yan W. Impact of racial disparities and insurance status in patients with bone sarcomas in the USA : a population-based cohort study. Bone Joint Res 2022; 11:278-291. [PMID: 35549518 PMCID: PMC9130676 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.115.bjr-2021-0258.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Socioeconomic and racial disparities have been recognized as impacting the care of patients with cancer, however there are a lack of data examining the impact of these disparities on patients with bone sarcoma. The purpose of this study was to examine socioeconomic and racial disparities that impact the oncological outcomes of patients with bone sarcoma. Methods We reviewed 4,739 patients diagnosed with primary bone sarcomas from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry between 2007 and 2015. We examined the impact of race and insurance status associated with the presence of metastatic disease at diagnosis, treatment outcome, and overall survival (OS). Results Patients with Medicaid (odds ratio (OR) 1.41; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15 to 1.72) and uninsured patients (OR 1.90; 95% CI 1.26 to 2.86) had higher risks of metastatic disease at diagnosis compared to patients with health insurance. Compared to White patients, Black (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.85) and Asian/Pacific Islander (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.91) were less likely to undergo surgery. In addition, Black patients were less likely to receive chemotherapy (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.91) compared to White patients. In patients with chondrosarcoma, those with Medicaid had worse OS compared to patients with insurance (hazard ratio (HR) 1.65, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.56). Conclusion In patients with a bone sarcoma, the cancer stage at diagnosis varied based on insurance status, and racial disparities were identified in treatment. Further studies are needed to identify modifiable factors which can mitigate socioeconomic and racial disparities found in patients with bone sarcomas. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(5):278–291.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin Hu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tomohiro Fujiwara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Matthew T Houdek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lingxiao Chen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, The Kolling Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wending Huang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengwang Sun
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangbai Sun
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wangjun Yan
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
LeBrun DG. CORR Insights®: Is Chemotherapy Associated with Improved Overall Survival in Patients with Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma? A SEER Database Analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2022; 480:759-761. [PMID: 34870951 PMCID: PMC8923591 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000002066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
23
|
Paul M, Sugath BS, P S, Np P, Nair SG, Rajasekharan R. Synchronous Primary Multifocal Skeletal Chondrosarcoma of Extremity: A Report of 2 Cases. JBJS Case Connect 2022; 12:01709767-202203000-00049. [PMID: 35171851 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.cc.21.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CASE Multifocal synchronous primary skeletal chondrosarcomas of an extremity are rarely reported. In this study, we report 2 such cases. The first case is a 32-year-old woman who presented with extensive right femoral and tibial diaphysis lesions. The second case is a 36-year-old woman with lesions in the left proximal humerus, the coracoid process of scapula and sternum. Both patients underwent limb salvage surgery and were disease-free at the 38- and 20-month follow-up. CONCLUSION Athough rare, the possibility of multifocal chondrosarcoma should be kept in mind during the workup of a patient with chondrosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manu Paul
- Department of Surgical oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Bhaskar Subin Sugath
- Department of Surgical oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Shivanesan P
- Department of Cardio Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Prakash Np
- Department of Medical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sreejith G Nair
- Department of Medical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Rani Rajasekharan
- Department of Pathology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
IDH1 Mutation Induces HIF-1α and Confers Angiogenic Properties in Chondrosarcoma JJ012 Cells. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:7729968. [PMID: 35198082 PMCID: PMC8860547 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7729968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is a group of primary bone cancers that arise from transformed cells of chondrocytic lineage. Tumor recurrence and metastasis are devastating for patients with chondrosarcoma since there are no effective treatment options. IDH mutations occur in over 50% of tumors from patients with conventional or dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas and represent an attractive target for therapy. However, their role in the pathogenesis of chondrosarcoma remains largely unknown. In this study, we sought to determine the association of IDH mutation and HIF-1α in chondrosarcoma. We used the chondrosarcoma JJ012 cell line and its derived CRISPR/Cas9 mutant IDH1 (IDH1mut) knockout (KO) cells. RNA-Seq data analysis revealed downregulation of several HIF-1α target genes upon loss of IDH1mut. This was associated with reduced HIF-1α levels in the IDH1mut KO cells and tumors. Loss of IDH1mut also attenuated the expression of angiogenic markers in tumor tissues and abrogated the angiogenic capacity of JJ012 cells. Moreover, we observed that exogenous expression of HIF-1α significantly promoted anchorage-independent colony-formation by IDH1mut KO cells. These results suggest IDH1 mutation confers angiogenic and tumorigenic properties of JJ012 cells by inducing HIF-1α. Thus, the HIF pathway represents a promising candidate for combinatorial regimens to target IDH1 mutated chondrosarcomas.
Collapse
|
25
|
Radiosensitizing Effect of Celastrol by Inhibiting G2/M Phase Arrest Induced by the c-myc Gene of Human SW1353 Chondrosarcoma Cells: Network and Experimental Analyses. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1948657. [PMID: 35141331 PMCID: PMC8820907 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1948657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective Studies have unveiled that the components of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF) such as celastrol could attenuate apoptosis and proliferation of various tumor cells. This study is focused on the radiosensitization effect and apoptotic pathways of celastrol via the inhibition of the c-myc gene and the influence of which combined with radiotherapy on the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis of chondrosarcoma cells. Methods A variety of bioinformatic tools were applied to explore the expression level and prognosis of the c-myc gene in different tumor cells and chondrosarcoma cells. We used pharmacology network to analyze the components, pathways, targets, molecular functions of TWHF and explore the relevant effective components over the MYC gene. Clone formation assay, CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, and transwell migration assay were applied to detect the effects of celastrol on the expression of c-myc gene, cell apoptosis, and cell cycle. Radiation therapy was used to observe the radiosensitization effect of celastrol on chondrosarcoma. Results This study shows that the c-myc gene is overexpressed in various tumor cells and bone tumor cells to varying degrees. Celastrol can significantly inhibit the expression of the c-myc gene, induce G2/M phase arrest through regulation of G2/M phase-related proteins, and promote SW1353 cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial signaling pathway. In addition, we also found that the use of triptorubin to inhibit c-myc gene expression in combination with radiotherapy can increase the osteosarcoma cells' apoptosis rate through the mitochondrial signaling pathway significantly. Conclusions Our study validated the radiosensitization effect of celastrol through knocking down the expression of the c-myc gene to induce G2/M phase arrest and provides a new idea for the treatment of refractory or recurrent chondrosarcoma that is not sensitive to radiotherapy.
Collapse
|
26
|
Miwa S, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Takeuchi A, Igarashi K, Tsuchiya H. Therapeutic Targets and Emerging Treatments in Advanced Chondrosarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031096. [PMID: 35163019 PMCID: PMC8834928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to resistance to standard anticancer agents, it is difficult to control the disease progression in patients with metastatic or unresectable chondrosarcoma. Novel therapeutic approaches, such as molecule-targeting drugs and immunotherapy, are required to improve clinical outcomes in patients with advanced chondrosarcoma. Recent studies have suggested several promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for chondrosarcoma, including IDH1/2 and COL2A1. Several molecule-targeting agents and immunotherapies have shown favorable antitumor activity in clinical studies in patients with advanced chondrosarcomas. This review summarizes recent basic studies on biomarkers and molecular targets and recent clinical studies on the treatment of chondrosarcomas.
Collapse
|
27
|
Shah FH, Kim SJ. Identification of medicinal compounds as potential inhibitors for mutated isocitrate dehydrogenases against chondrosarcoma. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:161-167. [PMID: 35002404 PMCID: PMC8716869 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtual screening of 5000 novel medicinal compounds procured two compounds (5-galloylquinic acid and artocarpetin) capable of establishing interaction with both mutated IDH1 and IDH2 proteins implicated in chondrosarcoma. Cell lining prediction studies revealed that both 5-galloylquinic acid and artocarpetin sensitizes chondrosarcoma cell lines and has good cytotoxic influence on CHSA8926 and CHSA0011 cells. These compounds possess high acute toxicity values to incite adverse reaction and organ damage in rodents. ITGAV, CAPRIN-1, CCL5 COG5 and TNFRSF10B gene are successfully downregulated that are involved in the metastasis inflammation and chondrogenesis by these compounds. TP53 expression enhancer, free radical scavenger, MAP kinase stimulant, MM9 expression inhibitor and chemo preventive agent were some biological properties predicted by Prediction of Activity Spectra for substances (PASS) database. Artocarpetin had good ADME and druglikness properties as compared to 5-galloylquinic acid, as this compound had low bioavailability score and one lipinski violation for druglikness.
Chondrosarcoma is the third most common cartilaginous bone tumour that is insusceptible to radio- and chemotherapy and it is inclined to metastasis. These resistant qualities are facilitated by mutant variants of isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH) 1–2 enzyme. These mutant enzymes promote oncogenesis of chondrocytes by changing their epigenetic wardrobe leading to tumour formation. Presently, there are lack of drugs available to be exploited as a remedy for this disease. On the other hand, majority of chemotherapeutic drugs induce cytotoxicity in the cancer cells at the cost of harming surrounding healthy cells, jeopardizing human life. The current study is focused on screening various medicinal compounds against IDH1 and IDH2 combined with insilico gene expression, cancer cells cytotoxicity and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) studies to elucidate the molecular mechanism against chondrosarcoma and also to uncover pharmacokinetic profile of these compounds. Screening of 5000+ compounds filtered two efficacious compounds (Artocarpetin and 5-Galloylquinic acid) capable of establishing hydrogen bond connections with both IDH variants. Other studies showed that these compounds downregulate ITGAV, CARPIN1, CCL5 and COG5 and TNFRSF10B gene that reduces chondrogenesis and inflammation, Artocarpetin and 5-galloylquinic acid are TP53 expression enhancer and inhibit MM9 expression that promote immunomodulation and apoptosis in these cancers. These compounds are both active against CHSA8926 and CHSA011 cell line of chondrosarcoma. However, the ADME profile of 5-galloylquinic acid is slightly unsatisfactory based on druglikness and bioavailability score criteria as compared to artocarpetin. Both of these compounds are class-5 chemicals and require high doses to elicit adverse response. Our results suggest that artocarpetin and 5-galloylquinic acid are efficacious drug candidates and could be further exploited to validate these findings in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Hassan Shah
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Ja Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Camacho M, Carvalho M, Munhoz R, Etchebehere M, Etchebehere E. FDG PET/CT in bone sarcomas. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
29
|
Quan X, Zhao C, Gao Z, Zhang Y, Zhao R, Wang J, Zhang Q. DDX10 and BYSL as the potential targets of chondrosarcoma and glioma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27669. [PMID: 34797290 PMCID: PMC8601295 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To provide reliable molecular markers and effective therapeutic targets for chondrosarcoma and glioma.Gene Set Enrichment (GSE) 29745 and GSE48420 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by the GEO2R. We annotated the function of common DEGs through Digital Audio/Video Interactive Decoder (DAVID) and Metascape. Protein-protein interaction network construction was performed through STRING. Hub genes were identified by the two different algorithms (MCC, EPC). DDX10 and BYSL were key factors in embryo implantation and development, and plays a role in a variety of cancers. The role of the DDX10 and BYSL on the glioma derived from the chondrosarcoma would be explored by the clinical samples.A total of 1442 DEGs were identified. The variations in DEGs were mainly enriched in vasculature development, cell motion, blood vessel development, cell migration, regulation of cell proliferation, regulation of cell proliferation, wound healing, biological adhesion, growth factor binding, identical pathways in cancer, and p53 signaling pathway. Dead-box helicase 10 (DDX10), Bystin-like (BYSL), and WD repeat domain 12 (WDR12) were identified as the hub genes, and the three hub genes were up-regulated in the chondrosarcoma. Chondrosarcoma patients with high expression levels of DDX10 (Logrank P = .0052; HR (high) = 1.8; n (high) = 131, 50%), and BYSL (P = 6.5e-05; HR (high) = 2.3; n (high) = 131, 50%) had poorer overall survival times than those with low expression levels.DDX10 and BYSL genes may provide reliable molecular markers and effective therapeutic targets for chondrosarcoma and glioma.
Collapse
|
30
|
Heuermann M, Bekker S, Czeczok T, Gregory S, Sharma A. Tracheal chondrosarcoma: A case report, systematic review, and pooled analysis. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 5:e1537. [PMID: 34476908 PMCID: PMC9327659 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tracheal chondrosarcoma is a rare malignancy, and formal treatment guidelines have not been established due to the lack of high quality studies. Best evidence at this time is limited to case reports. Aim Explore the role of surgical intervention, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, and the long‐term outcomes for these interventions for tracheal chondrosarcoma. Methods and Results A literature search was performed using PubMed (1959–2020) and ResearchGate (1959–2020) using medical subject heading terms “tracheal chondrosarcoma” OR “trachea chondrosarcoma.” Additional reports were identified within reviewed articles and included for review. Articles pertaining to chondrosarcomas of the lung, bronchus, larynx, or other head and neck subsites were excluded. Cases of chondromas were excluded. Thirty‐five patients with tracheal chondrosarcoma were identified in the literature since 1959. Advanced age was significantly associated with recurrent or persistent disease (p = .003). The majority (77%) of cases were treated with open surgical resection, with an open approach and negative surgical margins being significantly associated with being disease‐free after treatment (p = .001 and p < .001, respectively). Adjuvant radiotherapy was reserved for those unfit for surgery or for recurrent disease. Tumor size, extra‐tracheal extension, tumor calcification, location, and initial diagnosis were not associated with tumor recurrence. Conclusion Non‐metastatic tracheal chondrosarcoma can be treated by adequate surgical resection, with little to no role for adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Open surgery and negative margins were associated with oncologic control, while advanced age was associated with recurrent or persistent disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Heuermann
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Simon Bekker
- Department of Radiology, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Stacie Gregory
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Arun Sharma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chen C, Zhou H, Liu Z, Ma X. Dysregulation of Zinc Finger Protein 395 Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Chondrosarcoma. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:3545-3553. [PMID: 34113121 PMCID: PMC8183675 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s310164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The transcription factor zinc finger protein 395 (ZNF395) is involved in several cellular responses and tumorigenesis. However, the potential role and clinical significance of ZNF395 in chondrosarcoma are not well investigated. This study determines the expression profile, prognostic value and biological function of ZNF395 in human chondrosarcoma. Methods The mRNA and protein expressions of ZNF395 in fresh chondrosarcomas and the matched adjacent non-tumor tissues were assessed using real-time PCR and immunoblotting, respectively. The protein expression of ZNF395 in chondrosarcoma specimens was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and the relationships among its protein level, clinicopathological parameters and prognosis were further detected. Cell viability, colony formation, migration, invasion and apoptosis assay were evaluated in chondrosarcoma cells with depletion of ZNF395. Results The mRNA and protein expressions of ZNF395 in chondrosarcoma tissues were significantly higher than those in the matched adjacent non-tumor tissues and benign cartilage tumors. Clinical analysis displayed that ZNF395 was expressed at higher levels in chondrosarcoma patients with higher histological grade and advanced MSTS stage. Furthermore, we demonstrated that high expression of ZNF395 correlated with a worse overall survival of chondrosarcoma patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that ZNF395 was an independent prognostic marker in chondrosarcoma patients. Functional studies revealed that depletion of ZNF395 markedly inhibited cell viability, colony formation, migration and invasion, and promoted apoptosis in chondrosarcoma. Conclusion These findings suggest that dysregulation of ZNF395 contributes to chondrosarcoma development, and ZNF395 may act as a potent oncogene and serve as a independently prognostic factor, highlight the potential of ZNF395 as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for chondrosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changbao Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlong Ma
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Veys C, Benmoussa A, Contentin R, Duchemin A, Brotin E, Lafont JE, Saintigny Y, Poulain L, Denoyelle C, Demoor M, Legendre F, Galéra P. Tumor Suppressive Role of miR-342-5p in Human Chondrosarcoma Cells and 3D Organoids. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115590. [PMID: 34070455 PMCID: PMC8197525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcomas are malignant bone tumors. Their abundant cartilage-like extracellular matrix and their hypoxic microenvironment contribute to their resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and no effective therapy is currently available. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may be an interesting alternative in the development of therapeutic options. Here, for the first time in chondrosarcoma cells, we carried out high-throughput functional screening using impedancemetry, and identified five miRNAs with potential antiproliferative or chemosensitive effects on SW1353 chondrosarcoma cells. The cytotoxic effects of miR-342-5p and miR-491-5p were confirmed on three chondrosarcoma cell lines, using functional validation under normoxia and hypoxia. Both miRNAs induced apoptosis and miR-342-5p also induced autophagy. Western blots and luciferase reporter assays identified for the first time Bcl-2 as a direct target of miR-342-5p, and also Bcl-xL as a direct target of both miR-342-5p and miR-491-5p in chondrosarcoma cells. MiR-491-5p also inhibited EGFR expression. Finally, only miR-342-5p induced cell death on a relevant 3D chondrosarcoma organoid model under hypoxia that mimics the in vivo microenvironment. Altogether, our results revealed the tumor suppressive activity of miR-342-5p, and to a lesser extent of miR-491-5p, on chondrosarcoma lines. Through this study, we also confirmed the potential of Bcl-2 family members as therapeutic targets in chondrosarcomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clément Veys
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN, 14000 Caen, France; (C.V.); (A.B.); (R.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.); (F.L.)
| | - Abderrahim Benmoussa
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN, 14000 Caen, France; (C.V.); (A.B.); (R.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.); (F.L.)
- Research Center of the UHC Sainte-Justine and Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C54, Canada
| | - Romain Contentin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN, 14000 Caen, France; (C.V.); (A.B.); (R.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.); (F.L.)
| | - Amandine Duchemin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN, 14000 Caen, France; (C.V.); (A.B.); (R.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.); (F.L.)
| | - Emilie Brotin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, ImpedanCELL Platform, Federative Structure 4206 ICORE, 14000 Caen, France; (E.B.); (C.D.)
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U1086 ANTICIPE, Biology and Innovative Therapeutics for Ovarian Cancer (BioTICLA), 14000 Caen, France;
- Unicancer, Comprehensive Cancer Center F. Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Jérôme E. Lafont
- CNRS UMR 5305, Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, 69367 Lyon, France;
| | - Yannick Saintigny
- LARIA, iRCM, François Jacob Institute, DRF-CEA, 14000 Caen, France;
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, UMR6252 CIMAP, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Laurent Poulain
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U1086 ANTICIPE, Biology and Innovative Therapeutics for Ovarian Cancer (BioTICLA), 14000 Caen, France;
- Unicancer, Comprehensive Cancer Center F. Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Christophe Denoyelle
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, ImpedanCELL Platform, Federative Structure 4206 ICORE, 14000 Caen, France; (E.B.); (C.D.)
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U1086 ANTICIPE, Biology and Innovative Therapeutics for Ovarian Cancer (BioTICLA), 14000 Caen, France;
- Unicancer, Comprehensive Cancer Center F. Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Magali Demoor
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN, 14000 Caen, France; (C.V.); (A.B.); (R.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.); (F.L.)
| | - Florence Legendre
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN, 14000 Caen, France; (C.V.); (A.B.); (R.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.); (F.L.)
| | - Philippe Galéra
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN, 14000 Caen, France; (C.V.); (A.B.); (R.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.); (F.L.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Prognostic Factors and a Nomogram Predicting Overall Survival in Patients with Limb Chondrosarcomas: A Population-Based Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:4510423. [PMID: 34055971 PMCID: PMC8147544 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4510423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction We aimed to develop and validate a nomogram for predicting the overall survival of patients with limb chondrosarcomas. Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program database was used to identify patients diagnosed with chondrosarcomas, from which data was extracted from 18 registries in the United States between 1973 and 2016. A total of 813 patients were selected from the database. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazards regression models on the training group to identify independent prognostic factors and construct a nomogram to predict the 3- and 5-year survival probability of patients with limb chondrosarcomas. The predictive values were compared using concordance indexes (C-indexes) and calibration plots. Results All 813 patients were randomly divided into a training group (n = 572) and a validation group (n = 241). After univariate and multivariate Cox regression, a nomogram was constructed based on a new model containing the predictive variables of age, site, grade, tumor size, histology, stage, and use of surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy. The prediction model provided excellent C-indexes (0.86 and 0.77 in the training and validation groups, respectively). The good discrimination and calibration of the nomograms were demonstrated for both the training and validation groups. Conclusions The nomograms precisely and individually predict the overall survival of patients with limb chondrosarcomas and could assist personalized prognostic evaluation and individualized clinical decision-making.
Collapse
|
34
|
Zając AE, Kopeć S, Szostakowski B, Spałek MJ, Fiedorowicz M, Bylina E, Filipowicz P, Szumera-Ciećkiewicz A, Tysarowski A, Czarnecka AM, Rutkowski P. Chondrosarcoma-from Molecular Pathology to Novel Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2390. [PMID: 34069269 PMCID: PMC8155983 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma (CHS) is the second most common primary malignant bone sarcoma. Overall survival and prognosis of this tumor are various and often extreme, depending on histological grade and tumor subtype. CHS treatment is difficult, and surgery remains still the gold standard due to the resistance of this tumor to other therapeutic options. Considering the role of differentiation of CHS subtypes and the need to develop new treatment strategies, in this review, we introduced a multidisciplinary characterization of CHS from its pathology to therapies. We described the morphology of each subtype with the role of immunohistochemical markers in diagnostics of CHS. We also summarized the most frequently mutated genes and genome regions with altered pathways involved in the pathology of this tumor. Subsequently, we discussed imaging methods and the role of currently used therapies, including surgery and the limitations of chemo and radiotherapy. Finally, in this review, we presented novel targeted therapies, including those at ongoing clinical trials, which can be a potential future target in designing new therapeutics for patients with CHS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka E. Zając
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.E.Z.); (S.K.); (B.S.); (M.J.S.); (E.B.); (P.F.); (P.R.)
| | - Sylwia Kopeć
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.E.Z.); (S.K.); (B.S.); (M.J.S.); (E.B.); (P.F.); (P.R.)
| | - Bartłomiej Szostakowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.E.Z.); (S.K.); (B.S.); (M.J.S.); (E.B.); (P.F.); (P.R.)
| | - Mateusz J. Spałek
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.E.Z.); (S.K.); (B.S.); (M.J.S.); (E.B.); (P.F.); (P.R.)
| | - Michał Fiedorowicz
- Small Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Bylina
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.E.Z.); (S.K.); (B.S.); (M.J.S.); (E.B.); (P.F.); (P.R.)
- Department of Clinical Trials, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Filipowicz
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.E.Z.); (S.K.); (B.S.); (M.J.S.); (E.B.); (P.F.); (P.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Szumera-Ciećkiewicz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tysarowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna M. Czarnecka
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.E.Z.); (S.K.); (B.S.); (M.J.S.); (E.B.); (P.F.); (P.R.)
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.E.Z.); (S.K.); (B.S.); (M.J.S.); (E.B.); (P.F.); (P.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Guo J, Zhang R, Yang Z, Duan Z, Yin D, Zhou Y. Biological Roles and Therapeutic Applications of IDH2 Mutations in Human Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:644857. [PMID: 33981605 PMCID: PMC8107474 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.644857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) is a key metabolic enzyme catalyzing the interconversion of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). Mutations in IDH lead to loss of normal enzymatic activity and gain of neomorphic activity that irreversibly converts α-KG to 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), which can competitively inhibit a-KG-dependent enzymes, subsequently induces cell metabolic reprograming, inhibits cell differentiation, and initiates cell tumorigenesis. Encouragingly, this phenomenon can be reversed by specific small molecule inhibitors of IDH mutation. At present, small molecular inhibitors of IDH1 and IDH2 mutant have been developed, and promising progress has been made in preclinical and clinical development, showing encouraging results in patients with IDH2 mutant cancers. This review will focus on the biological roles of IDH2 mutation in tumorigenesis, and provide a proof-of-principle for the development and application of IDH2 mutant inhibitors for human cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiu Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruyue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Detao Yin
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yubing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Autissier R, Mazuel L, Maubert E, Bonny JM, Auzeloux P, Schmitt S, Traoré A, Peyrode C, Miot-Noirault E, Pagés G. Simultaneous proteoglycans and hypoxia mapping of chondrosarcoma environment by frequency selective CEST MRI. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:1008-1018. [PMID: 33772858 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the relevance of CEST frequency selectivity in simultaneous in vivo imaging of both of chondrosarcoma's phenotypic features, that are, its high proteoglycan concentration and its hypoxic core. METHODS Swarm rat chondrosarcomas were implanted subcutaneously in NMRI nude mice. When tumors were measurable (12-16 days postoperative), mice were submitted to GAG, guanidyl, and APT CEST imaging. Proteoglycans and hypoxia were assessed in parallel by nuclear imaging exploiting 99m Tc-NTP 15-5 and 18 F-FMISO, respectively. Data were completed by ex vivo analysis of proteoglycans (histology and biochemical assay) and hypoxia (immunofluorescence). RESULTS Quantitative analysis of GAG CEST evidenced a significantly higher signal for tumor tissues than for muscles. These results were in agreement with nuclear imaging and ex vivo data. For imaging tumoral pH in vivo, the CEST ratio of APT/guanidyl was studied. This highlighted an important heterogeneity inside the tumor. The hypoxic status was confirmed by 18 F-FMISO PET imaging and ex vivo immunofluorescence. CONCLUSION CEST MRI simultaneously imaged both chondrosarcoma properties during a single experimental run and without the injection of any contrast agent. Both MR and nuclear imaging as well as ex vivo data were in agreement and showed that this chondrosarcoma animal model was rich in proteoglycans. However, even if tumors were lightly hypoxic at the stage studied, acidic areas were highlighted and mapped inside the tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Autissier
- INRAE, UR QuaPA, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INRAE, ISC AgroResonance, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Leslie Mazuel
- INRAE, UR QuaPA, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INRAE, ISC AgroResonance, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Elise Maubert
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Marie Bonny
- INRAE, UR QuaPA, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.,INRAE, ISC AgroResonance, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Philippe Auzeloux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sébastien Schmitt
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amidou Traoré
- INRAE, UR QuaPA, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.,INRAE, ISC AgroResonance, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Caroline Peyrode
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Elisabeth Miot-Noirault
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Guilhem Pagés
- INRAE, UR QuaPA, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.,INRAE, ISC AgroResonance, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chondrosarcoma of the Temporomandibular Joint: Systematic Review and Survival Analysis of Cases Reported to Date. Head Neck Pathol 2021; 15:923-934. [PMID: 33751416 PMCID: PMC8384949 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-021-01313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the available data on TMJ chondrosarcomas and to perform a survival analysis of cases reported to date. This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA. Two authors performed an electronic search of case reports of TMJ chondrosarcoma published until August 02, 2020. Forty-seven studies reporting 53 cases were included. Chondrosarcomas of the TMJ were more prevalent in women, with a male:female ratio of 1:1.4. Survival curves were significantly associated with histological diagnosis (p = 0.004), reconstructive surgery (p = 0.024), recurrence (p < 0.001), and distant metastasis (p = 0.001). Only distant metastasis was independently associated with survival (p = 0.017). TMJ chondrosarcomas presented with low recurrence and higher survival rates than other chondrosarcomas. Synovial subtype, absence of reconstructive surgery, and presence of local recurrence or distant metastasis were associated with poorer prognosis.
Collapse
|
38
|
Zając A, Król SK, Rutkowski P, Czarnecka AM. Biological Heterogeneity of Chondrosarcoma: From (Epi) Genetics through Stemness and Deregulated Signaling to Immunophenotype. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1317. [PMID: 33804155 PMCID: PMC8001927 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma (ChS) is a primary malignant bone tumor. Due to its heterogeneity in clinical outcomes and resistance to chemo- and radiotherapies, there is a need to develop new potential therapies and molecular targets of drugs. Many genes and pathways are involved in in ChS progression. The most frequently mutated genes are isocitrate dehydrogenase ½ (IDH1/2), collagen type II alpha 1 chain (COL2A1), and TP53. Besides the point mutations in ChS, chromosomal aberrations, such as 12q13 (MDM2) amplification, the loss of 9p21 (CDKN21/p16/INK4A and INK4A-p14ARF), and several gene fusions, commonly occurring in sarcomas, have been found. ChS involves the hypermethylation of histone H3 and the decreased methylation of some transcription factors. In ChS progression, changes in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K-AKT-mTOR) and hedgehog pathways are known to play a role in tumor growth and chondrocyte proliferation. Due to recent discoveries regarding the potential of immunotherapy in many cancers, in this review we summarize the current state of knowledge concerning cellular markers of ChS and tumor-associated immune cells. This review compares the latest discoveries in ChS biology from gene alterations to specific cellular markers, including advanced molecular pathways and tumor microenvironment, which can help in discovering new potential checkpoints in inhibitory therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Zając
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (P.R.)
| | - Sylwia K. Król
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (P.R.)
| | - Anna M. Czarnecka
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (P.R.)
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-176 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhu J, Zhang M, Guo J, Wu X, Wang S, Zhou Y, Liu H. Metabolite profiling of chondrosarcoma cells: A robust GC-MS method for the analysis of endogenous metabolome. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1169:122606. [PMID: 33684880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is the 2nd most frequent bone sarcoma. In this study, the metabolic profiling of human chondrosarcoma SW-1353 cell line was investigated for the first time. To obtain more precise information about the metabolites from chondrosarcoma cells, pretreatment methods including washing steps/solvents, harvesting conditions, and extraction protocols for chondrosarcoma SW-1353 cells were evaluated in the context of metabolite profiling by GC-MS technique. In addition, a total of 32 representative metabolites (related to amino acid metabolism, TCA cycle, glycolysis, and fatty acid metabolism) were quantitatively determined. We found that a fast water rinse step before metabolic quenching, may reduce the contaminants and improve sensitivity. Trypsin/ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid treatment led to a large amount of metabolite leakage, which was not suitable for metabolomics research. Methanol was selected as a more suitable extraction solvent among four extraction approaches applied to SW-1353 cells. The final protocol can provide a simple, robust, and reproducible method to obtain precise information about the metabolites from chondrosarcoma cells, which is helpful to further understand the chondrosarcoma cell physiology and the mechanism of drug resistance in this disease, from the perspective of metabolomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jinxiu Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xueke Wu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Shaomin Wang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Yubing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Hongmin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Alhubaishy B, Gakis G, Knoll T. Primary chondrosarcoma of the penis in a young patient: A case report and review of the literature. IJU Case Rep 2021; 4:29-31. [PMID: 33426492 PMCID: PMC7784739 DOI: 10.1002/iju5.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary chondrosarcoma of the penis is rare. We present a case of primary chondrosarcoma of the penis in a young patient. CASE PRESENTATION A 35-year-old man presented with a painless mass at the base of his penis for the past 6 months. Incisional biopsy of the lesion revealed a chondrosarcoma. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography of the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis ruled out a primary lesion in the bones and soft tissues. The patient rejected total penectomy and decided to start chemoradiotherapy followed by local tumor resection. CONCLUSION Primary chondrosarcoma of the penis is rare. Interdisciplinary management plays an important role in planning the therapy for rare tumors. A combined chemoradiation therapy can be followed by penis-preserving surgery to improve the quality of life in young patients with proximal penile tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bandar Alhubaishy
- Urology DepartmentKlinikum Sindelfinge‐BoeblingenSindelfingenGermany
- Urology DepartmentKing Abdulaziz University HospitalJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Georgios Gakis
- Urology DepartmentWurzburg University HospitalWuerzburgGermany
| | - Thomas Knoll
- Urology DepartmentKlinikum Sindelfinge‐BoeblingenSindelfingenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
How Does the Skeletal Oncology Research Group Algorithm's Prediction of 5-year Survival in Patients with Chondrosarcoma Perform on International Validation? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2020; 478:2300-2308. [PMID: 32433107 PMCID: PMC7491905 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000001305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Skeletal Oncology Research Group (SORG) machine learning algorithm for predicting survival in patients with chondrosarcoma was developed using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry. This algorithm was externally validated on a dataset of patients from the United States in an earlier study, where it demonstrated generally good performance but overestimated 5-year survival. In addition, this algorithm has not yet been validated in patients outside the United States; doing so would be important because external validation is necessary as algorithm performance may be misleading when applied in different populations. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES Does the SORG algorithm retain validity in patients who underwent surgery for primary chondrosarcoma outside the United States, specifically in Italy? METHODS A total of 737 patients were treated for chondrosarcoma between January 2000 and October 2014 at the Italian tertiary care center which was used for international validation. We excluded patients whose first surgical procedure was performed elsewhere (n = 25), patients who underwent nonsurgical treatment (n = 27), patients with a chondrosarcoma of the soft tissue or skull (n = 60), and patients with peripheral, periosteal, or mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (n = 161). Thus, 464 patients were ultimately included in this external validation study, as the earlier performed SEER study was used as the training set. Therefore, this study-unlike most of this type-does not have a training and validation set. Although the earlier study overestimated 5-year survival, we did not modify the algorithm in this report, as this is the first international validation and the prior performance in the single-institution validation study from the United States may have been driven by a small sample or non-generalizable patterns related to its single-center setting. Variables needed for the SORG algorithm were manually collected from electronic medical records. These included sex, age, histologic subtype, tumor grade, tumor size, tumor extension, and tumor location. By inputting these variables into the algorithm, we calculated the predicted probabilities of survival for each patient. The performance of the SORG algorithm was assessed in this study through discrimination (the ability of a model to distinguish between a binary outcome), calibration (the agreement of observed and predicted outcomes), overall performance (the accuracy of predictions), and decision curve analysis (establishment on the ability of a model to make a decision better than without using the model). For discrimination, the c-statistic (commonly known as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for binary classification) was calculated; this ranged from 0.5 (no better than chance) to 1.0 (excellent discrimination). The agreement between predicted and observed outcomes was visualized with a calibration plot, and the calibration slope and intercept were calculated. Perfect calibration results in a slope of 1 and an intercept of 0. For overall performance, the Brier score and the null-model Brier score were calculated. The Brier score ranges from 0 (perfect prediction) to 1 (poorest prediction). Appropriate interpretation of the Brier score requires comparison with the null-model Brier score. The null-model Brier score is the score for an algorithm that predicts a probability equal to the population prevalence of the outcome for every patient. A decision curve analysis was performed to compare the potential net benefit of the algorithm versus other means of decision support, such as treating all or none of the patients. There were several differences between this study and the earlier SEER study, and such differences are important because they help us to determine the performance of the algorithm in a group different from the initial study population. In this study from Italy, 5-year survival was different from the earlier SEER study (71% [319 of 450 patients] versus 76% [1131 of 1487 patients]; p = 0.03). There were more patients with dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma than in the earlier SEER study (25% [118 of 464 patients] versus 8.5% [131 of 1544 patients]; p < 0.001). In addition, in this study patients were older, tumor size was larger, and there were higher proportions of high-grade tumors than the earlier SEER study (age: 56 years [interquartile range {IQR} 42 to 67] versus 52 years [IQR 40 to 64]; p = 0.007; tumor size: 80 mm [IQR 50 to 120] versus 70 mm [IQR 42 to 105]; p < 0.001; tumor grade: 22% [104 of 464 had Grade 1], 42% [196 of 464 had Grade 2], and 35% [164 of 464 had Grade 3] versus 41% [592 of 1456 had Grade 1], 40% [588 of 1456 had Grade 2], and 19% [276 of 1456 had Grade 3]; p ≤ 0.001). RESULTS Validation of the SORG algorithm in a primarily Italian population achieved a c-statistic of 0.86 (95% confidence interval 0.82 to 0.89), suggesting good-to-excellent discrimination. The calibration plot showed good agreement between the predicted probability and observed survival in the probability thresholds of 0.8 to 1.0. With predicted survival probabilities lower than 0.8, however, the SORG algorithm underestimated the observed proportion of patients with 5-year survival, reflected in the overall calibration intercept of 0.82 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.98) and calibration slope of 0.68 (95% CI 0.42 to 0.95). The Brier score for 5-year survival was 0.15, compared with a null-model Brier of 0.21. The algorithm showed a favorable decision curve analysis in the validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS The SORG algorithm to predict 5-year survival for patients with chondrosarcoma held good discriminative ability and overall performance on international external validation; however, it underestimated 5-year survival for patients with predicted probabilities from 0 to 0.8 because the calibration plot was not perfectly aligned for the observed outcomes, which resulted in a maximum underestimation of 20%. The differences may reflect the baseline differences noted between the two study populations. The overall performance of the algorithm supports the utility of the algorithm and validation presented here. The freely available digital application for the algorithm is available here: https://sorg-apps.shinyapps.io/extremitymetssurvival/. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, prognostic study.
Collapse
|
42
|
Roche ME, Lin Z, Whitaker-Menezes D, Zhan T, Szuhai K, Bovee JVMG, Abraham JA, Jiang W, Martinez-Outschoorn U, Basu-Mallick A. Translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane complex subunit 20 (TOMM20) facilitates cancer aggressiveness and therapeutic resistance in chondrosarcoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165962. [PMID: 32920118 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is the second most common primary bone malignancy, representing one fourth of all primary bone sarcomas. It is typically resistant to radiation and chemotherapy treatments. However, the molecular mechanisms that contribute to cancer aggressiveness in chondrosarcomas remain poorly characterized. Here, we studied the role of mitochondrial transporters in chondrosarcoma aggressiveness including chemotherapy resistance. Histological grade along with stage are the most important prognostic biomarkers in chondrosarcoma. We found that high-grade human chondrosarcoma tumors have higher expression of the mitochondrial protein, translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane complex subunit 20 (TOMM20), compared to low-grade tumors. TOMM20 overexpression in human chondrosarcoma cells induces chondrosarcoma tumor growth in vivo. TOMM20 drives proliferation, resistance to apoptosis and chemotherapy resistance. Also, TOMM20 induces markers of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metabolic reprogramming in these mesenchymal tumors. In conclusion, TOMM20 drives chondrosarcoma aggressiveness and resistance to chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Roche
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Zhao Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Diana Whitaker-Menezes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Tingting Zhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Biostatistics, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Karoly Szuhai
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | | | - John A Abraham
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ubaldo Martinez-Outschoorn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - Atrayee Basu-Mallick
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wei J, Liu X, Li T, Xing P, Zhang C, Yang J. The new horizon of liquid biopsy in sarcoma: the potential utility of circulating tumor nucleic acids. J Cancer 2020; 11:5293-5308. [PMID: 32742476 PMCID: PMC7391194 DOI: 10.7150/jca.42816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of sarcoma are mainly dependent on tissue biopsy, which is limited in its ability to provide a panoramic view into the dynamics of tumor progression. In addition, effective biomarkers to monitor the progression and therapeutic response of sarcoma are lacking. Liquid biopsy, a recent technological breakthrough, has gained great attention in the last few decades. Nucleic acids (such as DNA, mRNAs, microRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs) that are released from tumors circulate in the blood of cancer patients and can be evaluated through liquid biopsy. Circulating tumor nucleic acids reflect the intertumoral and intratumoral heterogeneity, and thus liquid biopsy provides a noninvasive strategy to examine these molecules compared with traditional tissue biopsy. Over the past decade, a great deal of information on the potential utilization of circulating tumor nucleic acids in sarcoma screening, prognosis and therapy efficacy monitoring has emerged. Several specific gene mutations in sarcoma can be detected in peripheral blood samples from patients and can be found in circulating tumor DNA to monitor sarcoma. In addition, circulating tumor non-coding RNA may also be a promising biomarker in sarcoma. In this review, we discuss the clinical application of circulating tumor nucleic acids as blood-borne biomarkers in sarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Wei
- Department of bone and soft tissue tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, 067000, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of bone and soft tissue tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of bone and soft tissue tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Peipei Xing
- Department of bone and soft tissue tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of bone and soft tissue tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jilong Yang
- Department of bone and soft tissue tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fujiwara T, Kaneuchi Y, Stevenson J, Parry M, Kurisunkal V, Clark R, Tsuda Y, Laitinen M, Grimer R, Jeys L. Navigation-assisted pelvic resections and reconstructions for periacetabular chondrosarcomas. Eur J Surg Oncol 2020; 47:416-423. [PMID: 32788097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Survival in patients with chondrosarcomas has not improved over 40 years. Although emerging evidence has documented the efficacy of navigation-assisted surgery, the prognostic significance in chondrosarcomas remains unknown. We aimed to assess the clinical benefit of navigation-assisted surgery for pelvic chondrosarcomas involving the peri-acetabulum. METHODS We studied 50 patients who underwent limb-sparing surgery for periacetabular chondrosarcomas performed with navigation (n = 13) without it (n = 37) at a referral musculoskeletal oncology centre between 2000 and 2015. RESULTS The intralesional resection rates in the navigated and non-navigated groups were 8% (n = 1) and 19% (n = 7), respectively; all bone resection margins were clear in the navigated group. The 5-year cumulative incidence of local recurrence was 23% and 56% in the navigated and non-navigated groups, respectively (p = 0.035). There were no intra-operative complications related to use of navigation. There was a trend toward better functional outcomes in the navigated group (mean MSTS score, 67%) than the non-navigated group (mean MSTS score, 60%; p = 0.412). At a mean follow-up of 63 months, the 5-year disease-specific survival was 76% and 53% in the navigated and non-navigated group, respectively (p = 0.085), whilst the 5-year progression-free survival was 62% and 28% in the navigated and non-navigated group, respectively (p = 0.032). CONCLUSION This study confirmed improved local control and progression-free survival with the use of computer navigation in patients with limb-salvage surgery for periacetabular chondrosarcomas, although the advancement in other treatment modalities is required for improvement of disease-specific survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Fujiwara
- Oncology Service, The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Yoichi Kaneuchi
- Oncology Service, The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Stevenson
- Oncology Service, The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Parry
- Oncology Service, The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Vineet Kurisunkal
- Oncology Service, The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rhys Clark
- Oncology Service, The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Yusuke Tsuda
- Oncology Service, The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Minna Laitinen
- Oncology Service, The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert Grimer
- Oncology Service, The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Jeys
- Oncology Service, The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Xie L, Xu J, Sun X, Liu K, Li X, He F, Liu X, Gu J, Lv Z, Yang R, Tang X, Yan T, Li D, Yang Y, Dong S, Sun K, Shen D, Guo W. Apatinib for Treatment of Inoperable Metastatic or Locally Advanced Chondrosarcoma: What We Can Learn About the Biological Behavior of Chondrosarcoma from a Two-Center Study. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:3513-3525. [PMID: 32547189 PMCID: PMC7237692 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s253201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose For patients who have chondrosarcoma in the unresectable setting, antiangiogenic agents are reportedly effective. This multicenter, retrospective study investigated the antitumor activity of apatinib in patients with unresectable chondrosarcoma to gain insight into the biological behavior of this disease. Methods All of the patients with unresectable chondrosarcoma who were diagnosed between October 1, 2009, and November 1, 2019, in two sarcoma centers affiliated with Peking University were evaluated. Relevant information was collected from the medical records at both centers, from which patients receiving apatinib for systemic therapy were selected for analysis. Results In total, efficacy analysis was conducted in 33 patients with a median follow-up time of 22.1 (Q1, Q3, 14.6, 23.0) months. There were 20/33 (60.0%) conventional chondrosarcomas (grades 2–3), 5/33 (15.2%) dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas, 4/33 (12.1%) mesenchymal chondrosarcomas, 3/33 (9.1%) extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, and 1/33 (3.1%) clear-cell chondrosarcomas with 87.9% in metastatic and 12.1% in locally advanced states. The objective response rate was 6/33 (18.2%). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 12.4 months (Q1, Q3, 7.0, 21.2), while the median overall survival has not yet been reached. Rare variants of chondrosarcoma tended to have a longer PFS than conventional chondrosarcoma (P=0.06). Based on clinicopathological factors Cox and univariate analysis, only extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma and baseline target lesions <60 mm benefited from the drug apatinib (P=0.14 and P=0.00), respectively. Grade 3 or higher adverse events were frequent in 11/33 (39.3%) of patients who discontinued apatinib due to deterioration of their general condition. Conclusion Apatinib had clinically meaningful activity in patients with inoperable high-grade chondrosarcoma. However, special caution should be made in managing toxicity due to the indolent behavior and slow growth pattern after using this drug. Patients with a smaller tumor size and extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma subtype might benefit from this therapy more. Clinical Trial Registration Registered February 7, 2020, with clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04260113.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xie
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xu
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Sun
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuisheng Liu
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangzhou He
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Gu
- Surgical Oncology, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Lv
- Radiology Department, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongli Yang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Taiqiang Yan
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dasen Li
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Dong
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunkun Sun
- Pathology Department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Danhua Shen
- Pathology Department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Shield W, Cellini A, Tian H, Wilson K, Dan Y, Abzug JM, Garcia S, Moritani N, Alferiev I, Chorny M, Takigawa M, Ng VY, Iwamoto M, Enomoto-Iwamoto M. Selective Agonists of Nuclear Retinoic Acid Receptor Gamma Inhibit Growth of HCS-2/8 Chondrosarcoma Cells. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:1045-1051. [PMID: 31808569 PMCID: PMC7162703 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is the second most common primary bone sarcoma. Treatment of chondrosarcoma is limited to surgery due to radiation and chemotherapy resistance of this cancer. An ideal treatment for chondrosarcoma would be a well-tolerated, minimally invasive local or systemic treatment modality to halt or slow tumor growth prior to resection of local, unresectable local, or metastatic disease. Palovarotene, an agonist of nuclear retinoic acid receptor γ (RARγ) has shown therapeutic action for treatment of heterotopic ossification and osteochondroma without serious adverse effects in animal models. We hypothesized that selective agonists of RARγ would have an inhibitory effect on chondrosarcoma. All human chondrosarcoma specimens expressed RARγ as determined by immunohistochemical staining. The ΗCS-2/8 chondrosarcoma cell line, established from low-grade human chondrosarcoma, was used to examine the actions of RARγ agonists. In ΗCS2/8 pellet cultures, RARγ agonist treatment reduced the mass size and significantly decreased total glycosaminoglycan, protein amounts, and gene expression levels of cartilage matrix molecules when compared with control groups. Systemic treatment with RARγ agonists significantly inhibited the growth of ΗCS-2/8 cell transplants in vivo. Furthermore, local injection of RARγ agonist-loaded poly-lactic acid nanoparticles induced regression of the mass size of the transplants. Histologic analysis demonstrated that RARγ agonist treatment inhibited cell proliferation activity and stimulated encapsulation of the tumor. These findings indicate that RARγ agonists, including palovarotene, may have an anti-tumor effect on low-grade chondrosarcomas. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:1045-1051, 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Shield
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashley Cellini
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hongying Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kim Wilson
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yang Dan
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshua M Abzug
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sonia Garcia
- Department of Graduate Program of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Norifumi Moritani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ivan Alferiev
- Division of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Chorny
- Division of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Masaharu Takigawa
- Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Vincent Y Ng
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Masahiro Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Motomi Enomoto-Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Xie H, Mao JS, Hu WF. Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) Pathway Member Polymorphisms Are Associated with Risk and Prognosis of Chondrosarcoma. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e923853. [PMID: 32314747 PMCID: PMC7191966 DOI: 10.12659/msm.923853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) pathway is deeply involved in cell proliferation, including tumorigenesis. Aberrant genetic alterations of IGF1 pathway members were revealed in certain malignancies, including chondrosarcoma (CHS). We proposed that genetic polymorphisms in IGF1 pathways might be associated with susceptibility to tumorigenesis and prognosis of CHS in Chinese populations. Material/Methods We recruited 112 pathologically diagnosed CHS cases and 104 cancer-free controls in this study. There were 5 single-nucleotide polymorphisms of IGF1 pathway members (IGF1R rs2016347, IGF1 rs1520220, IGF1 rs2946834, IGF3BP3 rs2270628, and IGF2 rs4320932) genotyped that subsequently underwent bioinformatic analyses. DNA from validated CHS cases was extracted from frozen blood samples preserved in liquid nitrogen, while DNA from tumor-free controls was extracted from fresh blood. SNP genotyping was conducted by PCR. Results The variant T allele of IGF1R (rs2016347) is potentially correlated with poor outcome in patients with conventional CHS. The GT and TT genotypes of IGF1R rs2016347 predicted statistically significant higher risk of tumor metastasis and higher histological grade of CHS. Conclusions We hypothesized that IGF1 member polymorphisms are associated with chondrosarcoma. We found that genetic polymorphisms in IGF1 pathway members are associated with elevated risk and poor prognosis of conventional CHS patients in Chinese populations. IGF1R rs2016347 polymorphisms were associated with the risk of lung metastasis of CHS. The IGF1 pathway members do not appear to be involved in the tumorigenesis of CHS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jian-Shu Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Wei-Feng Hu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chen C, Tian A, Zhou H, Zhang X, Liu Z, Ma X. Upregulation of miR-211 Promotes Chondrosarcoma Development via Targeting Tumor Suppressor VHL. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:2935-2943. [PMID: 32308426 PMCID: PMC7147617 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s239887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction miR-211 has been demonstrated to be aberrantly expressed and plays a pivotal role in human cancers. However, its expression profiles and potential roles in chondrosarcoma development remain still elusive. This study aims to determine the clinical values and underlying roles of miR-211 in chondrosarcoma. Methods miR-211 expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR in chondrosarcoma specimens and the matched adjacent non-tumor tissues. The relationships among miR-211 expression, clinicopathological factors and overall survival were also evaluated. Cell viability, colony formation, migration and invasion were further investigated in chondrosarcoma cells. Potential target of miR-211 was predicted using bioinformatics to delineate the molecular mechanisms. Results miR-211 was remarkably increased in chondrosarcoma compared with the matched adjacent non-tumor tissues. High miR-211 level was identified as 66.7% in chondrosarcoma specimens, which were significantly associated with histological grade and MSTS stage. miR-211 had significant influences on the prognosis of chondrosarcoma patients. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that miR-211 was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival of chondrosarcoma patients. We also found that overexpression or inhibitor of miR-211 promotes or suppresses chondrosarcoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion, respectively. Mechanistically, miR-211 binds to the 3ʹ-UTR of Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) and suppresses its expression, while restoration of VHL suppressed the potentiated function of miR-211 on proliferation and invasion of chondrosarcoma cells. Conclusion miR-211 is identified as a potent oncogenic function in chondrosarcoma development, which can serve as a novel biomarker to predict the survival of chondrosarcoma patients. miR-211 potentiates chondrosarcoma growth via targeting VHL, highlighting a novel attractive target for chondrosarcoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changbao Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Aixian Tian
- Department of Orthopedics Institute, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlong Ma
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Does the SORG Algorithm Predict 5-year Survival in Patients with Chondrosarcoma? An External Validation. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2019; 477:2296-2303. [PMID: 31107338 PMCID: PMC6999936 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000000748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We developed a machine learning algorithm to predict the survival of patients with chondrosarcoma. The algorithm demonstrated excellent discrimination and calibration on internal validation in a derivation cohort based on data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry. However, the algorithm has not been validated in an independent external dataset. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES Does the Skeletal Oncology Research Group (SORG) algorithm accurately predict 5-year survival in an independent patient population surgically treated for chondrosarcoma? METHODS The SORG algorithm was developed using the SEER registry, which contains demographic data, tumor characteristics, treatment, and outcome values; and includes approximately 30% of the cancer patients in the United States. The SEER registry was ideal for creating the derivation cohort, and consequently the SORG algorithm, because of the high number of eligible patients and the availability of most (explanatory) variables of interest. Between 1992 to 2013, 326 patients were treated surgically for extracranial chondrosarcoma of the bone at two tertiary care referral centers. Of those, 179 were accounted for at a minimum of 5 years after diagnosis in a clinical note at one of the two institutions, unless they died earlier, and were included in the validation cohort. In all, 147 (45%) did not meet the minimum 5 years of followup at the institution and were not included in the validation of the SORG algorithm. The outcome (survival at 5 years) was checked for all 326 patients in the Social Security death index and were included in the supplemental validation cohort, to also ascertain validity for patients with less than 5 years of institutional followup. Variables used in the SORG algorithm to predict 5-year survival including sex, age, histologic subtype, tumor grade, tumor size, tumor extension, and tumor location were collected manually from medical records. The tumor characteristics were collected from the postoperative musculoskeletal pathology report. Predicted probabilities of 5-year survival were calculated for each patient in the validation cohort using the SORG algorithm, followed by an assessment of performance using the same metrics as used for internal validation, namely: discrimination, calibration, and overall performance. Discrimination was calculated using the concordance statistic (or the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve) to determine how well the algorithm discriminates between the outcome, which ranges from 0.5 (no better than a coin-toss) to 1.0 (perfect discrimination). Calibration was assessed using the calibration slope and intercept from a calibration plot to measure the agreement between predicted and observed outcomes. A perfect calibration plot should show a 45° upwards line. Overall performance was determined using the Brier score, ranging from 0 (excellent prediction) to 1 (worst prediction). The Brier score was compared with the null-model Brier score, which showed the performance of a model that ignored all the covariates. A Brier score lower than the null model Brier score indicated greater performance of the algorithm. For the external validation an F1-score was added to measure the overall accuracy of the algorithm, which ranges between 0 (total failure of an algorithm) and 1 (perfect algorithm).The 5-year survival was lower in the validation cohort than it was in the derivation cohort from SEER (61.5% [110 of 179] versus 76% [1131 of 1544] ; p < 0.001). This difference was driven by higher proportion of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma in the institutional population than in the derivation cohort (27% [49 of 179] versus 9% [131 of 1544]; p < 0.001). Patients in the validation cohort also had larger tumor sizes, higher grades, and nonextremity tumor locations than did those in the derivation cohort. These differences between the study groups emphasize that the external validation is performed not only in a different patient cohort, but also in terms of disease characteristics. Five-year survival was not different for both patient groups between subpopulations of patients with conventional chondrosarcomas and those with dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas. RESULTS The concordance statistic for the validation cohort was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.80-0.91). Evaluation of the algorithm's calibration in the institutional population resulted in a calibration slope of 0.97 (95% CI, 0.68-1.3) and calibration intercept of -0.58 (95% CI, -0.20 to -0.97). Finally, on overall performance, the algorithm had a Brier score of 0.152 compared with a null-model Brier score of 0.237 for a high level of overall performance. The F1-score was 0.836. For the supplementary validation in the total of 326 patients, the SORG algorithm had a validation of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.85-0.93). The calibration slope was 1.13 (95% CI, 0.87-1.39) and the calibration intercept was -0.26 (95% CI, -0.57 to 0.06). The Brier score was 0.11, with a null-model Brier score of 0.19. The F1-score was 0.901. CONCLUSIONS On external validation, the SORG algorithm retained good discriminative ability and overall performance but overestimated 5-year survival in patients surgically treated for chondrosarcoma. This internet-based tool can help guide patient counseling and shared decision making. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, prognostic study.
Collapse
|
50
|
Cappariello A, Rucci N. Tumour-Derived Extracellular Vesicles (EVs): A Dangerous "Message in A Bottle" for Bone. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4805. [PMID: 31569680 PMCID: PMC6802008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown the importance of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) in the intercellular communication between tumour and resident cells. Through EVs, tumour cells can trigger cell-signalling molecules and shuttle exogenous information to target cells, thus promoting spread of the disease. In fact, many processes are fuelled by EVs, such as tumour invasion and dormancy, drug-resistance, immune-surveillance escape, extravasation, extracellular matrix remodelling and metastasis. A key element is certainly the molecular profile of the shed cargo. Understanding the biochemical basis of EVs would help to predict the ability and propensity of cancer cells to metastasize a specific tissue, with the aim to target the release of EVs and to manipulate their content as a possible therapeutic approach. Moreover, EV profiling could help monitor the progression of cancer, providing a useful tool for more effective therapy. This review will focus on all the EV-mediated mentioned mechanisms in the context of both primary bone cancers and bone metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Cappariello
- Department of Onco-haematology IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy.
| | - Nadia Rucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|