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Phumisantiphong U, Rupprom K, Wongsuk T, Manomaipiboon A, Maneerit J, Vimonvattana A, Chantratita W, Sensorn I, Hansirisathit T, Thongsopa W, Phutthanu C, Dongphooyao S, Thongnak C. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and environmental sampling from the hospital and market during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Thailand. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2025; 111:116604. [PMID: 39550978 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 11/07/2024] [Accepted: 11/08/2024] [Indexed: 11/19/2024]
Abstract
Limited genomic surveillance data is available for SARS-CoV-2 in Thailand during the second and third wave outbreaks, including both patient and environmental samples. This study investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in patient samples, on frequently touched surfaces, and in environmental swab samples (EVSs) collected from urban markets in Bangkok between April 2021 and August 2022. A total of 78,159 nasopharyngeal swab samples from patients and 327 environmental swab samples from hospital and market settings were collected. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 3,706 of 78,159 patient samples and one of 327 environmental samples using real-time RT-PCR. In total, 54 patient samples and an environmental sample were subjected to whole-genome sequencing and mass array genotyping, respectively. Only 46 samples passed the quality assessment based on the analysis criteria. The lineages detected included B.1.1.529 (2 samples), B.1.1.7 (15 samples), B.1.351 (3 samples), B.1.36.16 (6 samples), B.1.617.2 (1 sample), AY.102 (1 sample), AY.4 (11 samples), AY.25 (1 sample), BA.1 (1 sample), BA.1.1 (3 samples), and BA.2 (2 samples). The phylogenetic analysis of the viral genome sequences revealed similar lineages during this study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uraporn Phumisantiphong
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kitwadee Rupprom
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanwa Wongsuk
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anan Manomaipiboon
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jakravoot Maneerit
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ampan Vimonvattana
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wasun Chantratita
- Center of Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University
| | - Insee Sensorn
- Center of Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University
| | - Tonsan Hansirisathit
- Department of Central Laboratory and Blood Bank, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wipawee Thongsopa
- Department of Central Laboratory and Blood Bank, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chayanit Phutthanu
- Department of Central Laboratory and Blood Bank, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunisa Dongphooyao
- Department of Central Laboratory and Blood Bank, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chuphong Thongnak
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Nandan A, Siddiqui NA, Singh C, Aeri A, Gwenzi W, Ighalo JO, de Carvalho Nagliate P, Meili L, Singh P, Chaukura N, Rangabhashiyam S. COVID-19 pandemic in Uttarakhand, India: Environmental recovery or degradation? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 9:106595. [PMID: 34692403 PMCID: PMC8523312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2021.106595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The human coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 is now a global pandemic. Personal hygiene such as hand-washing, the use of personal protective equipment, and social distancing via local and national lockdowns are used to reduce the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 and the associated lockdowns may have significant impacts on environmental quality and ergonomics. However, limited studies exists on the impacts of COVID-19 and the associated lockdowns on environmental quality and ergonomics in low-income settings. Therefore, the present study investigated the impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak on socioeconomics, ergonomics and environment (water quality, air quality and noise) in Uttarakhand, India. Approximately 55% of respondents experienced headaches, and the other common health-related issue was back pain, with 45% of respondents having problems with their backs. Water and air quality significantly improved during the lockdown relative to the pre-lockdown period, but was observed to return to their previous characteristics afterwards. Lockdowns significant increased the concentration of indoor air pollutants while noise pollution levels significantly declined. In summary, lockdowns have adverse impacts on ergonomics, resulting in work-related human health risks. The impacts of lockdowns on environmental quality are mixed: temporary improvements on water and air quality, and noise reduction were observed, but indoor air quality deteriorated. Therefore, during lockdowns there is a need to minimize the adverse environmental and ergonomic impacts of lockdowns while simultaneously enhancing the beneficial impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Nandan
- University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Premnagar, Dehradun, India
| | - N A Siddiqui
- University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Premnagar, Dehradun, India
| | - Chandrakant Singh
- University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Premnagar, Dehradun, India
| | - Ashish Aeri
- University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Premnagar, Dehradun, India
| | - Willis Gwenzi
- Biosystems and Environmental Engineering Research Group, Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Joshua O Ighalo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria
| | | | - Lucas Meili
- Laboratory of Process, Center of Technology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Pardeep Singh
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173212, India
| | - Nhamo Chaukura
- Department of Physical and Earth Sciences, Sol Plaatje University, Kimberley, South Africa
| | - Selvasembian Rangabhashiyam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sangkham S. A review on detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater in light of the current knowledge of treatment process for removal of viral fragments. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 299:113563. [PMID: 34488114 PMCID: PMC8373619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The entire globe is affected by the novel disease of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19 or 2019-nCoV), which is formally recognised as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The World Health Organisation (WHO) announced this disease as a global pandemic. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in unprocessed wastewater has become a cause of worry due to these emerging pathogens in the process of wastewater treatment, as reported in the present study. This analysis intends to interpret the fate, environmental factors and route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, along with its eradication by treating the wastewater for controlling and preventing its further spread. Different recovery estimations of the virus have been depicted by the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater through the viral concentration techniques. Most frequently used viral concentration techniques include polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, ultrafiltration, electronegative membrane, and ultracentrifugation, after which the detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA are done in wastewater samples through quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) holds the key responsibility of eliminating pathogens prior to the discharge of wastewater into surface water bodies. The removal of SARS-CoV-2 RNA at the treatment stage is dependent on the operations of wastewater treatment systems during the outbreak of the virus; particularly, in the urban and extensively populated regions. Efficient primary, secondary and tertiary methods of wastewater treatment and disinfection can reduce or inactivate SARS-CoV-2 RNA before being drained out. Nonetheless, further studies regarding COVID-19-related disinfectants, environment conditions and viral concentrations in each treatment procedure, implications on the environment and regular monitoring of transmission need to be done urgently. Hence, monitoring the SARS-CoV-2 RNA in samples of wastewater under the procedure of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) supplement the real-time data pertaining to the investigation of the COVID-19 pandemic in the community, regional and national levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarawut Sangkham
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Phayao, Muang District, Phayao, 56000, Thailand.
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Coil DA, Albertson T, Banerjee S, Brennan G, Campbell AJ, Cohen SH, Dandekar S, Díaz-Muñoz SL, Eisen JA, Goldstein T, Jose IR, Juarez M, Robinson BA, Rothenburg S, Sandrock C, Stoian AMM, Tompkins DG, Tremeau-Bravard A, Haczku A. SARS-CoV-2 detection and genomic sequencing from hospital surface samples collected at UC Davis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253578. [PMID: 34166421 PMCID: PMC8224861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE There is little doubt that aerosols play a major role in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The significance of the presence and infectivity of this virus on environmental surfaces, especially in a hospital setting, remains less clear. OBJECTIVES We aimed to analyze surface swabs for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and infectivity, and to determine their suitability for sequence analysis. METHODS Samples were collected during two waves of COVID-19 at the University of California, Davis Medical Center, in COVID-19 patient serving and staff congregation areas. qRT-PCR positive samples were investigated in Vero cell cultures for cytopathic effects and phylogenetically assessed by whole genome sequencing. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Improved cleaning and patient management practices between April and August 2020 were associated with a substantial reduction of SARS-CoV-2 qRT-PCR positivity (from 11% to 2%) in hospital surface samples. Even though we recovered near-complete genome sequences in some, none of the positive samples (11 of 224 total) caused cytopathic effects in cultured cells suggesting this nucleic acid was either not associated with intact virions, or they were present in insufficient numbers for infectivity. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the SARS-CoV-2 genomes of the positive samples were derived from hospitalized patients. Genomic sequences isolated from qRT-PCR negative samples indicate a superior sensitivity of viral detection by sequencing. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the low likelihood that SARS-CoV-2 contamination on hospital surfaces contains infectious virus, disputing the importance of fomites in COVID-19 transmission. Ours is the first report on recovering near-complete SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences directly from environmental surface swabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Coil
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Timothy Albertson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Shefali Banerjee
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Greg Brennan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - A. J. Campbell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Stuart H. Cohen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Satya Dandekar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Samuel L. Díaz-Muñoz
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jonathan A. Eisen
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Tracey Goldstein
- One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Ivy R. Jose
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Maya Juarez
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Brandt A. Robinson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Stefan Rothenburg
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Christian Sandrock
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Ana M. M. Stoian
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel G. Tompkins
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | | | - Angela Haczku
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
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Ursachi CȘ, Munteanu FD, Cioca G. The Safety of Slaughterhouse Workers during the Pandemic Crisis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:2633. [PMID: 33807936 PMCID: PMC7967316 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The working conditions in a slaughterhouse are difficult because of the low temperatures, high humidity, and little natural light. Therefore, in these facilities, there is a high demand in the maintenance of strict hygiene rules. Lately, the new SARS-CoV-2 pandemic situation has brought new challenges in the meat industry, as this sector has to maintain its operability to supply the meat and meat products demanded by the consumers. In this challenging period, the safety of the workers is as important as keeping the high demands for the safety of the meat and meat products along with consumer confidence. This paper aims to give an overview of the risks associated with the SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission between the workers in slaughterhouses and to evaluate the stability and infectivity in the working environment of these facilities. Considering the persistence of this virus on different surfaces and the environmental conditions affecting its stability (temperature, relative humidity, and natural light), in the study we proposed several short-, medium-, and long-term preventive measures for minimizing the potential threats of the actual pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu Ștefan Ursachi
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, 2-4 E. Drăgoi Str., 310330 Arad, Romania;
| | - Florentina-Daniela Munteanu
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, 2-4 E. Drăgoi Str., 310330 Arad, Romania;
| | - Gabriela Cioca
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550024 Sibiu, Romania;
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Guo L, Yang Z, Guo L, Chen L, Cheng Z, Zhang L, Long E. Study on the decay characteristics and transmission risk of respiratory viruses on the surface of objects. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110716. [PMID: 33421429 PMCID: PMC7834477 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The complex and changeable environment is a brand-new living condition for the viruses and pathogens released by the infected people to the indoor air or deposited on the surface of objects, which is an important external condition affecting the decay and transmission risk of the viruses. Exposure to contaminated surfaces is one of the main routes of respiratory diseases transmission. Therefore, it is very important for epidemic prevention and control to study the law of virus decay and the environmental coupling effect on various surfaces. Based on the analysis of the influencing mechanism, a large amount of experimental evidence on the survival of viruses on the surface of objects were excavated in this paper, and the effects of various factors, such as surface peripheral temperature, relative humidity, virus-containing droplet volume, surface materials and virus types, on the decay rate constants of viruses were comprehensively analyzed. It was found that although the experimental methods, virus types and experimental conditions varied widely in different experiments, the virus concentrations on the surface of objects all followed the exponential decay law, and the coupling effect of various factors was reflected in the decay rate constant k. Under different experimental conditions, k values ranged from 0.001 to 100 h-1, with a difference of 5 orders of magnitude, corresponding to the characteristic time t99 between 500 and 0.1 h when the virus concentration decreased by 99%. This indicates a large variation in the risk of virus transmission in different scenarios. By revealing the common law and individuality of the virus decay on the surface of objects, the essential relationship between the experimental observation phenomenon and virus decay was analyzed. This paper points out the huge difference in virus transmission risk on the surface at different time nodes, and discusses the prevention and control strategies to grasp the main contradictions in the different situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhu Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Solid Waste Treatment Technology, Sichuan Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Pollution Control for Heavy Metals, Sichuan Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Enshen Long
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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7
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Mohapatra RK, Das PK, Sharun K, Tiwari R, Mohapatara SR, Mohapatra PK, Behera A, Acharyya T, Kandi V, Zahan KE, Natesan S, Bilal M, Dhama K. Negative and positive environmental perspective of COVID-19: air, water, wastewater, forest, and noise quality. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2021; 8:364-384. [DOI: 10.1080/2314808x.2021.1973182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/11/2025]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, India
| | - Pradeep K Das
- Department of Chemistry, N. C. (Autonomous) College, Jajpur, India
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Mathura, India
| | - Saumya Ranjan Mohapatara
- ACF, Paralakhemundi Forest Division, Forest Department, Government of Odisha, Paralakhemundi, India
| | | | - Ajit Behera
- Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | | | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, India
| | - Kudrat-E Zahan
- Department of Chemistry, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Senthilkumar Natesan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Ganghinagar, India
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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