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Trubey R, Evans R, McDonald S, Noyes J, Robling M, Willis S, Boffey M, Wooders C, Vinnicombe S, Melendez-Torres GJ. Effectiveness of Mental Health and Wellbeing Interventions for Children and Young People in Foster, Kinship, and Residential Care: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024:15248380241227987. [PMID: 38362816 DOI: 10.1177/15248380241227987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The mental health and wellbeing of children and young people who have been in care, primarily foster care, kinship care or residential care, remains a public health priority. The Care-experienced cHildren and young people's Interventions to improve Mental health and wEll-being outcomes Systematic review (CHIMES) synthesized evidence for the effectiveness of interventions targeting: subjective wellbeing; mental, behavioral and neurodevelopmental disorders; and suicide-related outcomes. Searches were conducted in 16 bibliographic databases and 22 websites between 1990 and 2022. This was supplemented by citation tracking, screening of relevant systematic reviews, and expert recommendation. We identified 35 interventions, with 44 evaluations via randomized controlled trials. Through meta-analyses, we found that interventions have a small beneficial impact on a variety of mental health outcomes in the short term (0-6 months). Interventions improved total social, emotional, and behavioral problems (d = -0.15, 95% CI [-0.28, -0.02]), social-emotional functioning difficulties (d = -0.18, 95% CI [-0.31, -0.05]), externalizing problem behaviors (d = -0.30, 95% CI [-0.53, -0.08]), internalizing problem behaviors (d = -0.35, 95% CI [-0.61, -0.08]); and depression and anxiety (d = -0.26, 95% CI [-0.40, -0.13]). Interventions did not demonstrate any effectiveness for outcomes assessed in the longer term (>6 months). Certainty of effectiveness was limited by risk of bias and imprecision. There was limited available evidence for interventions targeting subjective wellbeing and suicide-related outcomes. Future intervention design and delivery must ensure that programs are sufficient to activate causal mechanisms and facilitate change. Evaluation research should use a robust methodology.PROSPERO Registration: CRD42020177478.
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Vallejo-Slocker L, Idoiaga-Mondragon N, Axpe I, Willi R, Guerra-Rodríguez M, Montserrat C, Del Valle JF. Systematic Review of the Evaluation of Foster Care Programs. PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTION = INTERVENCION PSICOSOCIAL 2024; 33:1-14. [PMID: 38313691 PMCID: PMC10835188 DOI: 10.5093/pi2023a14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJETIVE The aim of this study was to conduct an exhaustive synthesis to determine which instruments and variables are most appropriate to evaluate foster care programs (foster, kinship, and professional families). This evaluation includes the children, their foster families, their families of origin, professionals, and foster care technicians. METHOD The systematic review included randomized, quasi-randomized, longitudinal, and control group studies aimed at evaluating foster care interventions. RESULTS A total of 86 studies, 138 assessment instruments, 18 constructs, and 73 independent research teams were identified. CONCLUSIONS (1) although the object of the evaluations was the children, the informants were usually the people in charge of their care; therefore, effort should be made to involve the children in a more participatory way; (2) psychosocial functioning, behavior, and parenting are transversal elements in most evaluations, while quality of life and coping are not sufficiently well incorporated; (3) practical instruments (brief and easy to apply and correct) that are widely used and carry scientific guarantees should be prioritized to ensure the comparability and reliability of the conclusions; and (4) progress should be made in the study of evaluation models for all forms of foster care, including foster, extended, and specialized families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nahia Idoiaga-Mondragon
- University of the Basque Country Leioa Spain University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Inge Axpe
- University of the Basque Country Leioa Spain University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Rosalind Willi
- SOS Children's Villages International Innsbruck Austria SOS Children's Villages International, Innsbruck, Austria
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Teculeasa F, Golu F, Gorbănescu A. The Effectiveness of Psychological Interventions on the Impact of Trauma Exposure in Foster Care: A Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2023; 16:917-932. [PMID: 38045839 PMCID: PMC10689601 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-023-00563-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to prevalent exposure to trauma in the biological family, children in foster care often experience post-traumatic stress symptoms, difficulties in forming secure attachments with the caregivers, and can present a complex range of symptoms and impairments across several areas of development. Therefore, there is an increased necessity for interventions on the effects of trauma exposure in foster care. This is the first meta-analysis to investigate the effectiveness of interventions on the effects of trauma exposure in foster care against control groups. Twelve randomized controlled trials on interventions for children with trauma-related diagnoses or with other mental health problems that are a result of complex trauma were included. A random-effects model was used for pooling the effect sizes, which were calculated for trauma-related outcomes at posttreatment and follow-up. Several potential moderator variables were analyzed. The results showed that participants receiving the intervention on trauma-related problems reported significantly better outcomes than those in the control conditions at posttreatment, after the exclusion of one outlier (g = 0.39; 95% CI [0.18 to 0.62]). The effect size was smaller at follow-up (g = 0.24; 95% CI [0.03 to 0.46]), but significant. Clinical diversity, methodological diversity, as well as other limitations were identified and discussed. Overall, the findings highlight the potential of interventions for trauma-related problems in foster care. These findings bring important contributions to the child welfare system in their efforts to develop and adapt suitable interventions for children with mental health problems due to trauma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40653-023-00563-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Teculeasa
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Bucharest, 90 Panduri Street, 50663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florinda Golu
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Bucharest, 90 Panduri Street, 50663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Gorbănescu
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Bucharest, 90 Panduri Street, 50663 Bucharest, Romania
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Evans R, MacDonald S, Trubey R, Noyes J, Robling M, Willis S, Boffey M, Wooders C, Vinnicombe S, Melendez-Torres GJ. Interventions targeting the mental health and wellbeing of care-experienced children and young people in higher-income countries: Evidence map and systematic review. Syst Rev 2023; 12:111. [PMID: 37393358 PMCID: PMC10315047 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02260-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mental health and wellbeing of care-experienced children and young people (i.e. foster care, kinship care, residential care) is poorer than non-care-experienced populations. The Care-experienced cHildren and young people's Interventions to improve Mental health and wEll-being outcomes Systematic review (CHIMES) aimed to synthesise the international evidence base for interventions targeting subjective wellbeing, mental health and suicide amongst care-experienced young people aged ≤ 25 years. METHODS For the first phase of the review, we constructed an evidence map identifying key clusters and gaps in interventions and evaluations. Studies were identified through 16 electronic databases and 22 health and social care websites, in addition to expert recommendations, citation tracking and screening of relevant systematic reviews. We charted interventions and evaluations with a summary narrative, tables and infographics. RESULTS In total, 64 interventions with 124 associated study reports were eligible. The majority of study reports were from the USA (n = 77). Interventions primarily targeted children and young people's skills and competencies (n = 9 interventions), the parental functioning and practices of carers (n = 26), or a combination of the two (n = 15). While theoretically under-specified, interventions were largely informed by theories of Attachment, Positive Youth Development, and Social Learning Theory. Current evaluations prioritised outcomes (n = 86) and processes (n = 50), with a paucity of study reports including theoretical descriptions (n = 24) or economic evaluations (n = 1). Interventions most frequently targeted outcomes related to mental, behavioural or neurodevelopmental disorders, notably total social, emotional and behavioural problems (n = 48 interventions) and externalising problem behaviours (n = 26). There were a limited number of interventions targeting subjective wellbeing or suicide-related outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Future intervention development might focus on structural-level intervention theories and components, and target outcomes related to subjective wellbeing and suicide. In accordance with current methodological guidance for intervention development and evaluation, research needs to integrate theoretical, outcome, process and economic evaluation in order to strengthen the evidence base. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020177478.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon Evans
- DECIPHer, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, SPARK, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK.
| | - Sarah MacDonald
- DECIPHer, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, SPARK, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Rob Trubey
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jane Noyes
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | | | - Simone Willis
- Specialist Unit for Review Evidence, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Maria Boffey
- DECIPHer, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, SPARK, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | | | - Soo Vinnicombe
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - G J Melendez-Torres
- Peninsula Technology Assessment Group (PenTAG), University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Moyes E, Nutman G, Mirman JH. The Efficacy of Targeted Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Improving Mental Health and Cognition Among Youth and Adults with ACE Histories: A Systematic Mixed Studies Review. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:1165-1177. [PMID: 36439656 PMCID: PMC9684378 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-022-00454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are associated with increased psychological wellbeing. The literature suggests that individuals exposed to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may benefit greatly from MBIs. However, research has tended to focus on universal MBIs for this population with less attention on the effectiveness of targeted approaches. Moreover, there is growing concern regarding the methodological rigor of MBI research. This systematic mixed studies review (SMRS) reports the effectiveness of MBIs for improving mental health and cognition among individuals with ACE histories. Additionally, the review reports the quality and rigor of the included research. Systematic searches of PsycInfo, EMBASE, MEDLINE, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, ProQuest Social Science database and the Child Development and Adolescent Studies database were conducted. Results were screened and data were extracted then synthesized using a data-based convergent synthesis design. Thirteen studies were included in the final review. Six prominent themes emerged. Themes indicated that MBIs were effective for improving mental health and cognition for individuals with ACEs. For example, improvements in mood and anxieties, as well as a better ability to manage emotions. Shortcomings in the quality of MBI research included lack of reporting of methodological details (e.g., randomization procedures) and not systematically reporting adverse event evaluations. Recommendations are made for future research to strengthen the evidence base for MBIs for individuals with ACEs. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40653-022-00454-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Moyes
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - George Nutman
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Jessica Hafetz Mirman
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
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Systematic Review of Mindfulness-Based Interventions in Child-Adolescent Population: A Developmental Perspective. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2022; 12:1220-1243. [PMID: 36005234 PMCID: PMC9407079 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe12080085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human development implies deep changes in cognitive, attentional, emotional, and behavioral skills. Therefore, Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) should be adapted in terms of dose, frequency, kind of exercises, assessment methods, and expected effects regarding the abilities and limitations of each developmental period. The present review seeks to describe and compare MBIs characteristics, assessment methods, and effects in youth between 3 and 18 years old considering four developmental periods. A systematic review was carried out including experimental primary studies published during the last five years. Results show that the frequency of the sessions and program duration varies widely. Differences were observed in instructors’ training and in assessment strategies. Discrepancies were observed regarding the effects of MBIs both within and between periods in cognitive, socio-emotional, symptoms, and mindfulness variables. Consistency was observed in prosocial behaviors for preschoolers, and in emotional and behavioral problems and hyperactivity in ages between preschool and early adolescence. Nevertheless, it was impossible to compare most results and determine consistency or discrepancy due to the lack of studies. Regarding mindfulness, it is defined and assessed in different ways in each period. Orientations are suggested to move from a compartmentalized view of isolated MBIs, towards an integrative perspective that allows tracing developmental trajectories for mindfulness and other key cognitive and socioemotional skills for children and adolescents.
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McFerran K, Crooke A, Kalenderidis Z, Stokes H, Teggelove K. What Young People Think About Music, Rhythm and Trauma: An Action Research Study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:905418. [PMID: 35774939 PMCID: PMC9237433 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.905418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of popular theories about trauma have suggested rhythm has potential as a mechanism for regulating arousal levels. However, there is very little literature examining this proposal from the perspective of the young people who might benefit. This action research project addresses this gap by collaborating with four groups of children in the out-of-home-care system to discover what they wanted from music therapists who brought a strong focus on rhythm-based activities. The four music therapy groups took place over a 12 month period and each cycle of action and reflection led to adjustments in what activities were offered, as well as exploring different levels of structure and ways of building relationships in the groups. The initial group incorporated a strong emphasis on highly structured rhythm-based activities, but young people found the format difficult to engage with. The second cycle included more opportunities for creativity and self-direction within semi-structured activities which children reported enjoying, but too much freedom also became overwhelming at times. The two groups in the third cycle seemed to balance structure and responsiveness successfully but were also influenced by the introduction of individual sessions prior to group commencement, which was designed to contribute to safety and trust building. Final reflections on the role of rhythm in supporting young people who have had adverse experiences were centred around the ideas of co-regulation. This was qualitatively different to our expectations that practicing rhythm-based activities would lead to an expanded window of tolerance that resulted in less time being spent in either hypo-arousal or hyper-arousal. Instead of entraining to an external rhythm, young people felt safe when their rhythms were matched, even if they were irregular, out of time and unpredictable. The small moments of co-regulation resulted in pleasure, comfort, satisfaction and peace and these moments were highly valued by the young people, who described just wanting to be relaxed and happy. Although not as rhythm-specific as the literature might suggest, music making with trusted adults helped the young people in this study feel more content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina McFerran
- Faculty of Fine Arts and Music, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Katrina McFerran,
| | - Alex Crooke
- Faculty of Fine Arts and Music, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Zoe Kalenderidis
- Faculty of Fine Arts and Music, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Stokes
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate Teggelove
- Faculty of Fine Arts and Music, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Nelson S, Borsook D, Bosquet Enlow M. Targeting the stress response in pediatric pain: current evidence for psychosocial intervention and avenues for future investigation. Pain Rep 2021; 6:e953. [PMID: 34514276 PMCID: PMC8423392 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonpharmacological treatments for chronic pain in youth have been identified as first-line treatments over and above medication. Therapies such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction have shown good efficacy in reducing the psychological correlates (eg, anxiety, depression, and stress) and social or behavioral sequelae (eg, limited physical activity and lack of school engagement) associated with pediatric chronic pain. However, minimal research has examined the physiological mechanism(s) of action for these interventions. A recent review (Cunningham, et al., 2019) emphasized the need for objective (ie, physiological) assessment of treatment response in pediatric pain populations. The current review adds to this literature by identifying the physiological stress response as a particular target of interest in interventions for pediatric pain. Research indicates that youth with chronic pain report high rates of psychological stress, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and exposure to adverse childhood experiences (abuse/neglect, etc). In addition, a host of research has shown strong parallels between the neurobiology of pain processing and the neurobiology of stress exposure in both youth and adults. Interventions such as narrative or exposure therapy (eg, trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy) and mindfulness-based or meditation-based therapies have shown particular promise in alleviating the neurobiological impact that stress and pain can have on the body, including reduction in allostatic load and altered connectivity in multiple brain regions. However, no study to date has specifically looked at these factors in the context of pediatric pain treatment. Future research should further explore these constructs to optimize prevention in and treatment of these vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nelson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Borsook
- Department of Psychiatry and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Bosquet Enlow
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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King LM, Lewis C, Ritchie DM, Carr C, Hart MW. Implementation of a teacher-led mindfulness program in a low-income pre- and early-elementary school as part of a trauma-responsive, resilience-building community initiative. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 49:1943-1964. [PMID: 33751594 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Children living in disadvantaged communities experience higher rates of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) which can lead to poor health outcomes. Mindfulness has been shown to help individuals who are exposed to cumulative stress build resilience and psychological well-being. This pilot study aimed to determine teachers' perceptions of a 6-week school-based, teacher-led mindfulness program in a Gainesville, Florida pre- and early elementary low-income school. The program was conducted as part of a trauma-responsive, resilient community initiative. Teachers were trained on a set of mindfulness skills and were asked to lead practices for 10-15 min per day, 3 or more times per week for 6 weeks. Teachers completed qualitative interviews to determine their perceptions of the program. A total of eight teachers participated, with 124 students receiving the program. Teachers reported high impressions of the program and that students were calmer and more relaxed as a result of the program. Training teachers to deliver mindfulness practices as part of their normal classroom activities is realistic, easily adaptable, and can lead to adoption of a community-wide mindfulness framework. Diffusing mindfulness programs more broadly as part of a preventive, trauma-responsive community has the potential to lessen the effects of ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M King
- Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, College of Public Health & Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- College of Public Health and Health Professions, Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Carol Lewis
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Peace4Gainesville, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Cary Carr
- College of Public Health and Health Professions, Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mark W Hart
- Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Dolbier CL, Haley EN, Conder L, Guiler W. Adverse childhood experiences and adult psychopathological symptoms: The moderating role of dispositional mindfulness. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Farias M, Maraldi E, Wallenkampf KC, Lucchetti G. Adverse events in meditation practices and meditation-based therapies: a systematic review. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2020; 142:374-393. [PMID: 32820538 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Meditation techniques are widely used as therapy and wellbeing practices, but there are growing concerns about its potential for harm. The aim of the present study is to systematically review meditation adverse events (MAEs), investigating its major clinical categories and its prevalence. METHOD We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Embase and AMED up to October 2019. Eligible studies included original reports of meditation practices (excluding related physical practices such as Yoga postures) with adult samples across experimental, observational and case studies. We identified a total of 6742 citations, 83 of which met the inclusion criteria for MAEs with a total of 6703 participants who undertook meditation practice. RESULTS Of the 83 studies analysed, 55 (65%) included reports of at least one type of MAE. The total prevalence of adverse events was 8.3% (95% CI 0.05-0.12), though this varied considerably across types of studies - 3.7% (95% CI 0.02-0.05) for experimental and 33.2% (95% CI 0.25-0.41) for observational studies. The most common AEs were anxiety (33%, 18), depression (27%, 15) and cognitive anomalies (25%, 14); gastrointestinal problems and suicidal behaviours (both 11%, 6) were the least frequent. CONCLUSION We found that the occurrence of AEs during or after meditation practices is not uncommon, and may occur in individuals with no previous history of mental health problems. These results are relevant both for practitioners and clinicians, and contribute to a balanced perspective of meditation as a practice that may lead to both positive and negative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Farias
- Brain, Belief, & Behaviour Lab, CTPSR, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - E Maraldi
- Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K C Wallenkampf
- School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - G Lucchetti
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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Kirlic N, Cohen ZP, Singh MK. Is There an Ace Up Our Sleeve? A Review of Interventions and Strategies for Addressing Behavioral and Neurobiological Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Youth. ADVERSITY AND RESILIENCE SCIENCE 2020; 1:5-28. [PMID: 34278327 PMCID: PMC8281391 DOI: 10.1007/s42844-020-00001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to early life adversity (ELA) is a major public health crisis posing as a significant risk of immediate and sustained mental and physical health consequences. While a remarkable body of knowledge has been amassed showing psychological, cognitive, social, developmental, and neurobiological consequences of ELA exposure, little has been done to improve the long-term mental and physical health outcomes for youth exposed to ELA. Furthermore, neurobiological processes underlying poor outcomes in this population have been largely left out of prevention and intervention target efforts. In this review, we first describe ELA-related alterations across psychological and neurobiological systems in children and adolescents. Next, we describe existing evidence-based interventions targeting ELA-related outcomes. We then turn to experimental studies examining individual differences in mechanistic functioning consequent to ELA exposure, and strategies that target these mechanisms and modulate disrupted functioning. Finally, we highlight areas of future research that may be promising in engaging behavioral and neurobiological targets through novel preventive interventions or augmentation of existing interventions, thereby reducing negative mental and physical health outcomes later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namik Kirlic
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK 74136, USA
| | - Zsofia P. Cohen
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK 74136, USA
| | - Manpreet K. Singh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Mayer SS. Enhancing the Lives of Children in Out-Of-Home Care: An Exploration of Mind-Body Interventions as a Method of Trauma Recovery. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2019; 12:549-560. [PMID: 32318221 PMCID: PMC7163818 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-019-0250-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence and impact of trauma exposure among young people in the child welfare system in Canada warrants holistic intervention as a means of trauma recovery for this vulnerable population. A trauma-informed approach to practice is outlined through consideration of traditional trauma treatments and mind-body interventions that serve as complementary methods of therapy. Despite limited research on the effectiveness of mind-body interventions with children and adolescents in out-of-home care in Canada, a review of available literature on mindfulness, arts-based methods, and yoga suggests these therapeutic interventions promote resilience and positive development. Additional research is needed to support the use of mind-body interventions with young people in out-of-home care. Practice implications and recommendations for future research within Canada are included to increase awareness and support a working understanding of the pervasiveness of trauma exposure among this population and the value of trauma-informed, holistic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S. Mayer
- Graduate Centre for Applied Psychology, Faculty of Health Disciplines, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB Canada
- Ranch Ehrlo Society, P.O. Box 570, Pilot Butte, SK SOG 3Z0 Canada
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Horesh D, Gordon I. Mindfulness-Based Therapy for Traumatized Adolescents: An Underutilized, Understudied Intervention. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2018.1438047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danny Horesh
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel; NYU School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ilanit Gordon
- Department of Psychology and The Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Klingbeil DA, Renshaw TL, Willenbrink JB, Copek RA, Chan KT, Haddock A, Yassine J, Clifton J. Mindfulness-based interventions with youth: A comprehensive meta-analysis of group-design studies. J Sch Psychol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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The Role of Mindfulness in Reducing the Adverse Effects of Childhood Stress and Trauma. CHILDREN-BASEL 2017; 4:children4030016. [PMID: 28264496 PMCID: PMC5368427 DOI: 10.3390/children4030016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Research suggests that many children are exposed to adverse experiences in childhood. Such adverse childhood exposures may result in stress and trauma, which are associated with increased morbidity and mortality into adulthood. In general populations and trauma-exposed adults, mindfulness interventions have demonstrated reduced depression and anxiety, reduced trauma-related symptoms, enhanced coping and mood, and improved quality of life. Studies in children and youth also demonstrate that mindfulness interventions improve mental, behavioral, and physical outcomes. Taken together, this research suggests that high-quality, structured mindfulness instruction may mitigate the negative effects of stress and trauma related to adverse childhood exposures, improving short- and long-term outcomes, and potentially reducing poor health outcomes in adulthood. Future work is needed to optimize implementation of youth-based mindfulness programs and to study long-term outcomes into adulthood.
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