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Fein T, Garay J, Voss MA. Effects of Fluid Intake on Sleep Duration and Quality Among Healthy Adults. Nat Sci Sleep 2025; 17:791-800. [PMID: 40330587 PMCID: PMC12051987 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s511807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025] Open
Abstract
Purpose Inadequate fluid intake disrupts body homeostasis. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between fluid intake and sleep quality/duration among healthy adults. Participants and Methods This crossover study included 15 healthy adults aged 18-40 years. Participants completed an initial study visit followed by 2 four-day monitoring periods separated by a one-week washout period. The first monitoring period (P1) was used to establish a baseline hydration level. In the second monitoring period (P2), participants reduced fluid intake to induce mild dehydration. Sleep was continuously monitored during P1 and P2 using a wearable sleep sensor (Oura Ring®), while hydration status was assessed via 24-hour urine samples and urine-specific gravity measurements. Data analysis included paired sample t-tests, correlation, and mixed model analysis to examine relationships between variables. Results There were no significant differences in sleep variables between hydration protocols. In a subset of successfully dehydrated participants (n = 8), sleep length, REM length, and sleep efficiency all associated with quantity of water/fluid intake (p < 0.05), with a significantly strong correlation found for REM sleep length (r = 0.800, p < 0.05, R2= 0.64). In the linear mixed effects model, a significant interaction was observed between adequate hydration and water intake on REM sleep (B = 37.41, SE = 9.89, unadjusted p = 0.006, adjusted p = 0.028). Similarly, a significant effect of water intake on REM sleep in the dehydration condition was observed, however, after applying the Bonferroni correction the effect was no longer significant (B = 30.04, SE = 12.45, unadjusted p = 0.043, adjusted p = 0.22). Conclusion Mild dehydration does not appear to affect sleep measures in healthy adults. However, fluid intake correlates positively with REM sleep length, sleep duration, and sleep efficiency, suggesting that the quantity of water consumed may influence sleep quality. These findings highlight the potential benefits of adequate fluid intake for optimizing REM sleep, which is vital for cognitive and overall brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Fein
- Integrative and Biomedical Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Garay
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Margaret A Voss
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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2
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Kang S, Hong JK, Kim CH, Kim JS, Yoon IY. REM sleep without atonia and neurocognitive function in isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder: Cross-sectional and longitudinal study. J Sleep Res 2025; 34:e14336. [PMID: 39255818 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between rapid eye movement sleep without atonia and cognitive profiles in individuals diagnosed with isolated rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, assesssing both cross-sectional associations and their link to phenoconversion in a longitudinal follow-up. Participants underwent video-polysomnography, neurological examination, neuropsychological tests and structured interviews to confirm isolated rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder. Rapid eye movement sleep without atonia was manually scored using the Montreal method, and participants were categorized into either high or low electromyography activity groups, based on their tonic and phasic electromyography activities. The cross-sectional study included 250 patients with isolated rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, revealing that those with high tonic electromyography activity exhibited significantly lower scores in the constructional praxis recall than those with low tonic electromyography activity (p = 0.002). In the longitudinal study, 79 participants (63 isolated rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder and 16 phenoconversion), tracked for at least 5 years, demonstrated that high tonic electromyography activity (odds ratio: 6.14; 95% confidence interval: 1.23-30.60; p = 0.027) and lower performance on the Trail Making Test A (odds ratio: 0.23; 95% confidence interval: 0.11-0.70; p = 0.007) were associated with future phenoconversion. These results confirm the link between tonic electromyography activity and neurodegeneration in isolated rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder. Combining rapid eye movement sleep without atonia assessment with cognitive evaluation could serve as an early predictive marker for phenoconversion in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhoon Kang
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Kyung Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Hyung Kim
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Soo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Young Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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3
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McLeod GA, Szelemej PA, Toutant D, McKenzie MB, Ng MC. Dreams interrupted: characteristics of REM sleep-associated seizures and status epilepticus. J Clin Sleep Med 2025; 21:23-32. [PMID: 39167425 PMCID: PMC11701273 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.11336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Seizures are rare in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. However, seizures sometimes occur in REM sleep, and a small number of focal epilepsy patients display their maximum rate of interictal epileptiform discharges in REM sleep. We sought to systematically identify and characterize seizures in REM sleep. METHODS We reviewed all admissions to the epilepsy monitoring unit at the Winnipeg Health Sciences Center over 12 months in 2014-2015. American Academy of Sleep Medicine sleep-stage scoring was initially applied in the standard 30-second epochs. Then, to capture sudden changes in sleep-wake state on shorter timescales that are associated with seizure formation and propagation, we rescored ictal and peri-ictal electroencephalography epochs every 1 second. Patients found to have seizures in REM sleep were subject to chart review spanning 3 years pre- and postadmission. RESULTS REM sleep seizures occurred in 3 of 63 patients admitted to the epilepsy monitoring unit. Notably, 1 patient exhibited continuous epileptiform activity, consistent with focal nonconvulsive electrographic status epilepticus, throughout REM sleep cycles for each night of her admission. Otherwise, discrete REM sleep seizures constituted a small fraction of the other patients' total seizures (range 5.0-8.3%), occurred shortly after REM sleep onset from stage N2 sleep, and were manifest as minor epileptic arousals. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm that REM sleep seizures are rare, while highlighting outliers who widen the known spectrum of heterogeneous sleep effects on seizures/epilepsy. We also report, to our knowledge, the first case of paradoxical status epilepticus in REM sleep. CITATION McLeod GA, Szelemej PA, Toutant D, McKenzie MB, Ng MC. Dreams interrupted: characteristics of REM sleep-associated seizures and status epilepticus. J Clin Sleep Med. 2025;21(1):23-32.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham A. McLeod
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul A. Szelemej
- University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Section of Neurology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Darion Toutant
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Marna B. McKenzie
- University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Marcus C. Ng
- Section of Neurology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Koch HR, Sims JNL, Pickett S, Wideman L, McNeil J. Associations between sleep, energy balance, and obesity markers over 6 months in Black emerging adults-pilot study findings from the Sleep, Health Outcomes, and Body Weight (SHOW) study. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2025; 50:1-13. [PMID: 39576968 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2024-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2024]
Abstract
Insufficient sleep (short sleep duration and poor sleep quality) is associated with obesity risk. Emerging adults (ages 18-28 years) have a greater risk of excess weight gain and insufficient sleep, and these risks are higher in Black individuals. Using a measurement burst design, we assessed associations between sleep with energy balance components and obesity marker changes over 6 months in 15 Black emerging adults (12 females; age: 21 ± 2.5 years; body mass index: 25.7 ± 4.5 kg/m2; body fat: 25.8 ± 11.9%). Since our sample was predominantly female (80%), we repeated our analyses for females only. Participants completed the following measurements at baseline (BLN) and 6 months later (6MO): 7 days of actigraphy-based sleep and physical activity energy expenditure (EE) and 2 nights of in-home polysomnography-based sleep; resting EE and thermic effect of food with indirect calorimetry; ad libitum energy intake (EI) via self-reported methods over 4 days and directly measured over 3 days with provided meals. Body weight (2.6 kg, p = 0.01) and waist circumference (2.4 cm, p = 0.03) increased from BLN to 6MO. Changes in actigraphy-based sleep duration were associated with changes in body weight (β = 0.03, standard error (SE) = 0.02, p = 0.04) and fat mass (β = 0.07, SE = 0.03 p = 0.03) in females only. Greater rapid eye movement sleep duration was associated with increases in resting EE (β = 2.24, SE = 0.84, p = 0.02). Greater slow-wave sleep was associated with increases in self-reported EI (β = 18.34, SE = 4.7, p < 0.01). Sleep may impact components of energy balance and risk of weight gain in Black emerging adults. Additional research is needed to confirm our pilot findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Koch
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Jesse N L Sims
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie Pickett
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Laurie Wideman
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Jessica McNeil
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
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Souza GMPR, Stornetta DS, Abbott SBG. Interactions between Arousal State and CO 2 Determine the Activity of Central Chemoreceptor Neurons That Drive Breathing. J Neurosci 2025; 45:e1587242024. [PMID: 39510833 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1587-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 10/11/2024] [Accepted: 10/30/2024] [Indexed: 11/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The homeostatic regulation of pulmonary ventilation, and ultimately arterial PCO2, depends on interactions between respiratory chemoreflexes and arousal state. The ventilatory response to CO2 is triggered by neurons in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) that function as sensors of central pH, which can be identified in adulthood by the expression of Phox2b and neuromedin B. Here, we examine the dynamic response of genetically defined RTN neurons to hypercapnia and arousal state in freely behaving adult male and female mice using the calcium indicator jGCaMP7 and fiber photometry. We found that hypercapnia vigorously activates RTN neurons with a low CO2 recruitment threshold and with response kinetics that match respiratory activity whereas hypoxia had little effect. RTN activity increased transiently during wakefulness and respiratory-related arousals and rose persistently during rapid eye movement sleep, and their CO2 response persisted under anesthesia. Complementary studies using inhibitory optogenetics show that RTN activity supports eupneic breathing under anesthesia as well as during states of high arousal, but their activity is redundant for voluntary breathing patterns. Collectively, this study demonstrates that CO2-activated RTN neurons are exquisitely sensitive to the arousal state, which determines their contribution to alveolar ventilation in relation to arterial PCO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M P R Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Daniel S Stornetta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Stephen B G Abbott
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
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Kim J, Lee HJ, Lee DA, Park KM. Sarcopenia in patients with isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Sleep Med 2024; 114:189-193. [PMID: 38215670 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluating of sarcopenia is important for promoting healthy aging, preventing functional decline, reducing the risk of falls and fractures, and improving overall quality of life. This study aimed to investigate sarcopenia in patients with isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) using temporal muscle thickness (TMT) measurement. METHODS This investigation was retrospectively conducted at a single tertiary hospital. We recruited patients diagnosed with isolated RBD confirmed by polysomnography and clinical history and healthy participants as controls. Patients with isolated RBD and healthy controls underwent brain MRI scans, including three-dimensional T1-weighted imaging. We measured TMT, a radiographic marker of sarcopenia, based on the T1-weighted imaging. We compared the TMT between the groups and performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to evaluate how well the TMT differentiated patients with isolated RBD from healthy controls. We also conducted a correlation analysis between the TMT and clinical factors. RESULTS Our study included 28 patients with isolated RBD and 30 healthy controls. There was a significant difference in the TMT of both groups. The TMT was reduced in patients with isolated RBD than in healthy controls (11.843 vs. 10.420 mm, p = 0.002). In the ROC curve analysis, the TMT exhibited good performance in differentiating patients with isolated RBD from healthy controls, with an area under the curve of 0.708. Furthermore, age was negatively correlated with TMT in patients with isolated RBD (r = -0.453, p = 0.015). CONCLUSION We demonstrate that TMT is reduced in patients with isolated RBD compared with healthy controls, confirming sarcopenia in patients with isolated RBD. The result suggests an association between neurodegeneration and sarcopenia. TMT can be used to evaluate sarcopenia in sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinseung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Joon Lee
- Department of Radiology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ah Lee
- Department of Neurology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Min Park
- Department of Neurology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Gott JA, Stücker S, Kanske P, Haaker J, Dresler M. Acetylcholine and metacognition during sleep. Conscious Cogn 2024; 117:103608. [PMID: 38042119 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2023.103608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator involved in a variety of cognitive functions. Additionally, acetylcholine is involved in the regulation of REM sleep: cholinergic neurons in the brainstem and basal forebrain project to and innervate wide areas of the cerebral cortex, and reciprocally interact with other neuromodulatory systems, to produce the sleep-wake cycle and different sleep stages. Consciousness and cognition vary considerably across and within sleep stages, with metacognitive capacity being strikingly reduced even during aesthetically and emotionally rich dream experiences. A notable exception is the phenomenon of lucid dreaming-a rare state whereby waking levels of metacognitive awareness are restored during sleep-resulting in individuals becoming aware of the fact that they are dreaming. The role of neurotransmitters in these fluctuations of consciousness and cognition during sleep is still poorly understood. While recent studies using acetylcholinesterase inhibitors suggest a potential role of acetylcholine in the occurrence of lucid dreaming, the underlying mechanisms by which this effect is produced remains un-modelled and unknown; with the causal link between cholinergic mechanisms and upstream psychological states being complex and elusive. Several theories and approaches targeting the association between acetylcholine and metacognition during wakefulness and sleep are highlighted in this review, moving through microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic levels of analysis to detail this phenomenon at several organisational scales. Several exploratory hypotheses will be developed to guide future research towards fully articulating how metacognition is affected by activity at the acetylcholine receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod A Gott
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sina Stücker
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Philipp Kanske
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Haaker
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Dresler
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Karuga FF, Kaczmarski P, Białasiewicz P, Szmyd B, Jaromirska J, Grzybowski F, Gebuza P, Sochal M, Gabryelska A. REM-OSA as a Tool to Understand Both the Architecture of Sleep and Pathogenesis of Sleep Apnea-Literature Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5907. [PMID: 37762848 PMCID: PMC10531579 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a complex physiological state, which can be divided into the non-rapid eye movement (NREM) phase and the REM phase. Both have some unique features and functions. This difference is best visible in electroencephalography recordings, respiratory system activity, arousals, autonomic nervous system activity, or metabolism. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition characterized by recurrent episodes of pauses in breathing during sleep caused by blockage of the upper airways. This common condition has multifactorial ethiopathogenesis (e.g., anatomical predisposition, sex, obesity, and age). Within this heterogenous syndrome, some distinctive phenotypes sharing similar clinical features can be recognized, one of them being REM sleep predominant OSA (REM-OSA). The aim of this review was to describe the pathomechanism of REM-OSA phenotype, its specific clinical presentation, and its consequences. Available data suggest that in this group of patients, the severity of specific cardiovascular and metabolic complications is increased. Due to the impact of apneas and hypopneas predominance during REM sleep, patients are more prone to develop hypertension or glucose metabolism impairment. Additionally, due to the specific function of REM sleep, which is predominantly fragmented in the REM-OSA, this group presents with decreased neurocognitive performance, reflected in memory deterioration, and mood changes including depression. REM-OSA clinical diagnosis and treatment can alleviate these outcomes, surpassing the traditional treatment and focusing on a more personalized approach, such as using longer therapy of continuous positive airway pressure or oral appliance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Franciszek Karuga
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka St. 6/8, 92-251 Lodz, Poland (F.G.)
| | - Piotr Kaczmarski
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka St. 6/8, 92-251 Lodz, Poland (F.G.)
| | - Piotr Białasiewicz
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka St. 6/8, 92-251 Lodz, Poland (F.G.)
| | - Bartosz Szmyd
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Sporna St. 36/50, 91-738 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Barlicki University Hospital, Kopcinskiego St. 22, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Julia Jaromirska
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka St. 6/8, 92-251 Lodz, Poland (F.G.)
| | - Filip Grzybowski
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka St. 6/8, 92-251 Lodz, Poland (F.G.)
| | - Piotr Gebuza
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka St. 6/8, 92-251 Lodz, Poland (F.G.)
| | - Marcin Sochal
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka St. 6/8, 92-251 Lodz, Poland (F.G.)
| | - Agata Gabryelska
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka St. 6/8, 92-251 Lodz, Poland (F.G.)
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Low ZXB, Lee XR, Soga T, Goh BH, Alex D, Kumari Y. Cannabinoids: Emerging sleep modulator. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115102. [PMID: 37406510 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is an essential biological phase of our daily life cycle and is necessary for maintaining homeostasis, alertness, metabolism, cognition, and other key functions across the animal kingdom. Dysfunctional sleep leads to deleterious effects on health, mood, and cognition, including memory deficits and an increased risk of diabetes, stroke, and neurological disorders. Sleep is regulated by several brain neuronal circuits, neuromodulators, and neurotransmitters, where cannabinoids have been increasingly found to play a part in its modulation. Cannabinoids, a group of lipid metabolites, are regulatory molecules that bind mainly to cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). Much evidence supports the role of cannabinoid receptors in the modulation of sleep, where their alteration exhibits sleep-promoting effects, including an increase in non-rapid-eye movement sleep and a reduction in sleep latency. However, the pharmacological alteration of CB1 receptors is associated with adverse psychotropic effects, which are not exhibited in CB2 receptor alteration. Hence, selective alteration of CB2 receptors is also of clinical importance, where it could potentially be used in treating sleep disorders. Thus, it is crucial to understand the neurobiological basis of cannabinoids in sleep physiology. In this review article, the alteration of the endocannabinoid system by various cannabinoids and their respective effects on the sleep-wake cycle are discussed based on recent findings. The mechanisms of the cannabinoid receptors on sleep and wakefulness are also explored for their clinical implications and potential therapeutic use on sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xuen Brandon Low
- Neurological Disorder and Aging Research Group (NDA), Neuroscience Research Strength (NRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Xin Ru Lee
- Neurological Disorder and Aging Research Group (NDA), Neuroscience Research Strength (NRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tomoko Soga
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Deepa Alex
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yatinesh Kumari
- Neurological Disorder and Aging Research Group (NDA), Neuroscience Research Strength (NRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia.
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10
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Xue Y, Tang J, Zhang M, He Y, Fu J, Ding F. Durative sleep fragmentation with or without hypertension suppress rapid eye movement sleep and generate cerebrovascular dysfunction. Neurobiol Dis 2023:106222. [PMID: 37419254 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Either hypertension or chronic insomnia is the risk factor of developing vascular dementia. Durative hypertension can induce vascular remodeling and is used for modeling small vessel disease in rodents. It remains undetermined if the combination of hypertension and sleep disturbance exacerbates vascular dysfunction or pathologies. Previously, we found chronic sleep fragmentation (SF) dampened cognition in young mice without disease predispositions. In the current study, we superimposed SF with hypertension modeling in young mice. Angiotensin II (AngII)-releasing osmotic mini pumps were subcutaneously implanted to generate persistent hypertension, while sham surgeries were performed as controls. Sleep fragmentation with repetitive arousals (10 s every 2 min) during light-on 12 h for consecutive 30 days, while mice undergoing normal sleep (NS) processes were set as controls. Sleep architectures, whisker-stimulated cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes, vascular responsiveness as well as vascular pathologies were compared among normal sleep plus sham (NS + sham), SF plus sham (SF + sham), normal sleep plus AngII (NS + AngII), and SF plus AngII (SF + AngII) groups. SF and hypertension both alter sleep structures, particularly suppressing REM sleep. SF no matter if combined with hypertension strongly suppressed whisker-stimulated CBF increase, suggesting the tight association with cognitive decline. Hypertension modeling sensitizes vascular responsiveness toward a vasoactive agent, Acetylcholine (ACh, 5 mg/ml, 10 μl) delivered via cisterna magna infusion, while SF exhibits a similar but much milder effect. None of the modeling above was sufficient to induce arterial or arteriole vascular remodeling, but SF or SF plus hypertension increased vascular network density constructed by all categories of cerebral vessels. The current study would potentially help understand the pathogenesis of vascular dementia, and the interconnection between sleep and vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xue
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Miaoyi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yifan He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianhui Fu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Fengfei Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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11
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Showler L, Ali Abdelhamid Y, Goldin J, Deane AM. Sleep during and following critical illness: A narrative review. World J Crit Care Med 2023; 12:92-115. [PMID: 37397589 PMCID: PMC10308338 DOI: 10.5492/wjccm.v12.i3.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a complex process influenced by biological and environmental factors. Disturbances of sleep quantity and quality occur frequently in the critically ill and remain prevalent in survivors for at least 12 mo. Sleep disturbances are associated with adverse outcomes across multiple organ systems but are most strongly linked to delirium and cognitive impairment. This review will outline the predisposing and precipitating factors for sleep disturbance, categorised into patient, environmental and treatment-related factors. The objective and subjective methodologies used to quantify sleep during critical illness will be reviewed. While polysomnography remains the gold-standard, its use in the critical care setting still presents many barriers. Other methodologies are needed to better understand the pathophysiology, epidemiology and treatment of sleep disturbance in this population. Subjective outcome measures, including the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire, are still required for trials involving a greater number of patients and provide valuable insight into patients’ experiences of disturbed sleep. Finally, sleep optimisation strategies are reviewed, including intervention bundles, ambient noise and light reduction, quiet time, and the use of ear plugs and eye masks. While drugs to improve sleep are frequently prescribed to patients in the ICU, evidence supporting their effectiveness is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Showler
- Intensive Care Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville 3050, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yasmine Ali Abdelhamid
- Intensive Care Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville 3050, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeremy Goldin
- Sleep and Respiratory Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville 3050, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam M Deane
- Intensive Care Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville 3050, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Blackwell AA, Tracz JA, Fesshaye AS, Tidmore A, Osterlund Oltmanns JR, Schaeffer EA, Lake RI, Wallace DG, Britten RA. Fine motor deficits exhibited in rat string-pulling behavior following exposure to sleep fragmentation and deep space radiation. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:427-440. [PMID: 36574036 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Deep space flight missions will expose astronauts to multiple stressors, including sleep fragmentation and space radiation. There is debate over whether sleep disruptions are an issue in deep space. While these stressors independently impair sensorimotor function, the combined effects on performance are currently unknown. String-pulling behavior involves highly organized bimanual reach-to-grasp and withdraw movements. This behavior was examined under rested wakeful conditions and immediately following one session of sleep fragmentation in Sham and irradiated rats 3 months after exposure (10 cGy 4Helium or 5-ion simulated Galactic Cosmic Radiation). Sleep fragmentation disrupted several aspects of string-pulling behavior, such that rats' ability to grasp the string was reduced, reach endpoint concentration was more variable, and distance traveled by the nose increased in the Y-range compared to rested wakeful performance. Overall, irradiated rats missed the string more than Sham rats 3 months post-exposure. Irradiated rats also exhibited differential impairments at 3 months, with additional deficits unveiled after sleep fragmentation. 4Helium-exposed rats took longer to approach the string after sleep fragmentation. Further, rats exposed to 4Helium traveled shorter withdraw distances 3 months after irradiation, while this only emerged in the other irradiated group after sleep fragmentation. These findings identify sleep fragmentation as a risk for fine motor dysfunction in Sham and irradiated conditions, in addition to radiation exposure. There may be complex temporal alterations in performance that are stressor- and ion-dependent. Thus, it is critical to implement appropriate models of multi-flight stressors and performance assessments in preparation for future deep space flight missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Blackwell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 W. Olney Rd., Lewis Hall, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA. .,Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA.
| | - Jovanna A Tracz
- School of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA
| | - Arriyam S Fesshaye
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 W. Olney Rd., Lewis Hall, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA
| | - Alyssa Tidmore
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 W. Olney Rd., Lewis Hall, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA
| | | | - Ericka A Schaeffer
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, 60115, USA
| | - Rami I Lake
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, 60115, USA
| | - Douglas G Wallace
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, 60115, USA
| | - Richard A Britten
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 W. Olney Rd., Lewis Hall, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA.,Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA
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13
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André C, Champetier P, Rehel S, Kuhn E, Touron E, Ourry V, Landeau B, Le Du G, Mézenge F, Segobin S, de la Sayette V, Vivien D, Chételat G, Rauchs G, Allais F, Asselineau J, Lugo SB, Batchelor M, Beaugonin A, Bejanin A, Chocat A, Collette F, Dautricourt S, Ferrand‐Devouge E, De Flores R, Delamillieure P, Delarue M, Deza‐Araujo YI, Esperou H, Felisatti F, Frison E, Gheysen F, Gonneaud J, Heidmann M, Tran (Dolma) T(TH, Klimecki O, Lefranc V, Lutz A, Marchant N, Molinuevo J, Moulinet I, Palix C, Paly L, Poisnel G, Requier F, Salmon E, Schimmer C, Sherif S, Vanhoutte M, Vuilleumier P, Ware C, Wirth M, the Medit‐Ageing Research Group. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep, Neurodegeneration, and Amyloid Deposition in Aging. Ann Neurol 2023; 93:979-990. [PMID: 36641644 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is markedly altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and its reduction in older populations is associated with AD risk. However, little is known about the underlying brain mechanisms. Our objective was to investigate the relationships between REM sleep integrity and amyloid deposition, gray matter volume, and perfusion in aging. METHODS We included 121 cognitively unimpaired older adults (76 women, mean age 68.96 ± 3.82 years), who underwent a polysomnography, T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, early and late Florbetapir positron emission tomography scans to evaluate gray matter volume, perfusion, and amyloid deposition. We computed indices reflecting REM sleep macro- and microstructural integrity (ie, normalized electroencephalographic spectral power values). Voxel-wise multiple regression analyses were conducted between REM sleep indices and neuroimaging data, controlling for age, sex, education, the apnea-hypopnea index, and the apolipoprotein E ε4 status. RESULTS Lower perfusion in frontal, anterior and posterior cingulate, and precuneus areas was associated with decreased delta power and electroencephalographic slowing (slow/fast frequencies ratio), and increased alpha and beta power. To a lower extent, similar results were obtained between gray matter volume and delta, alpha, and beta power. In addition, lower REM sleep theta power was more marginally associated with greater diffuse amyloid deposition and lower gray matter volume in fronto-temporal and parieto-occipital areas. INTERPRETATION These results suggest that alterations of REM sleep microstructure are associated with greater neurodegeneration and neocortical amyloid deposition in older adults. Further studies are warranted to replicate these findings, and determine whether older adults exhibiting REM sleep alterations are more at risk of cognitive decline and belonging to the Alzheimer's continuum. ANN NEUROL 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire André
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", NeuroPresage Team, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France.,Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, Caen University Hospital, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, Caen, France
| | - Pierre Champetier
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", NeuroPresage Team, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France.,Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, Caen University Hospital, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, Caen, France
| | - Stéphane Rehel
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", NeuroPresage Team, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France.,Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, Caen University Hospital, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, Caen, France
| | - Elizabeth Kuhn
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", NeuroPresage Team, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Edelweiss Touron
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", NeuroPresage Team, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Valentin Ourry
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", NeuroPresage Team, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France.,Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, Caen University Hospital, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, Caen, France
| | - Brigitte Landeau
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", NeuroPresage Team, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Gwendoline Le Du
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", NeuroPresage Team, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Florence Mézenge
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", NeuroPresage Team, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Shailendra Segobin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, Caen University Hospital, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, Caen, France
| | - Vincent de la Sayette
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, Caen University Hospital, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, Caen, France.,Neurology Department, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", NeuroPresage Team, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France.,Clinical Research Department, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Gaël Chételat
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", NeuroPresage Team, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Géraldine Rauchs
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", NeuroPresage Team, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France.,Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, Caen University Hospital, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, Caen, France
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14
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Zhang X, Smits M, Curfs L, Spruyt K. An investigation of the sleep macrostructure of girls with Rett syndrome. Sleep Med 2023; 101:77-86. [PMID: 36343395 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is of utmost importance in neuronal function. We aim to characterize phenotypic traits in the sleep of individuals with Rett Syndrome (RTT, OMIM # 312750), a rare disorder predominantly caused by mutations of the MECP2 gene. PATIENTS/METHODS An overnight polysomnographic recording was performed. Outcomes investigated were parameters of nocturnal sleep macrostructure, and sample stratification per genetic and clinical characteristics, and six key features of clinical severity was applied. RESULTS The sleep of our 21 RTT female subjects with a mutant MECP2 gene, aged 8.8 ± 5.4 years, showed no significant differences within strata. However, compared to a normative dataset, we found longer duration of wake time after sleep onset and total sleep time (TST) but shorter sleep onset latency, in RTT. Regarding the proportion of sleep stages per TST, higher stage N3 (%) with lower stage N2 (%) and REM (%) were generally seen. Such abnormalities became more uniformly expressed at the severe level of clinical features, particularly for hand functioning and walking. CONCLUSIONS RTT girls with MECP2 mutations in our study demonstrated an increased deep sleep and reduced rapid eye movement sleep proportion, which is mostly allied with their hand dysfunction severity. Poor sleep-on/off switching in RTT since embryogenesis is possibly linked to (psycho)motor impairment in the cases with MECP2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Zhang
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot - INSERM, Paris, France.
| | - Marcel Smits
- Department of Sleep-wake Disorders and Chronobiology, Hospital Gelderse Vallei Ede, Netherlands. Governor Kremers Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Netherlands.
| | - Leopold Curfs
- Governor Kremers Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Netherlands.
| | - Karen Spruyt
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot - INSERM, Paris, France.
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15
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Ahnaou A, Whim D. REM sleep behavior and olfactory dysfunction: improving the utility and translation of animal models in the search for neuroprotective therapies for Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 143:104897. [PMID: 36183864 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease that belongs to the family of synucleiopathies, varying in age, symptoms and progression. Hallmark of the disease is the accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein protein (α-Syn) in neuronal and non-neuronal brain cells. In past decades, diagnosis and treatment of PD has focused on motor deficits, which for the clinical endpoint, have contributed to the prevalence of deficits in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system and animal models related to motor behavior to study disease. However, clinical trials have failed to translate results from animal models into effective treatments. PD as a multisystem disorder therefore requires additional assessment of motor and non-motor symptoms. Braak's staging revealed early α-Syn pathology in pontine brainstem and olfactory circuits controlling rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and olfaction, respectively. Recent converging evidence from multicenter clinical studies supports that RBD is the most important risk factor for prodromal PD and the conduct of neuroprotective therapeutic trials in RBD-enriched cohorts has been recommended. Animal models of RBD and olfaction dysfunction can aid to fill the gap in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ahnaou
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV. Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Drinkenburg Whim
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV. Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
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16
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Wang Z, Romanski A, Mehra V, Wang Y, Brannigan M, Campbell BC, Petsko GA, Tsoulfas P, Blackmore MG. Brain-wide analysis of the supraspinal connectome reveals anatomical correlates to functional recovery after spinal injury. eLife 2022; 11:76254. [PMID: 35838234 PMCID: PMC9345604 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The supraspinal connectome is essential for normal behavior and homeostasis and consists of numerous sensory, motor, and autonomic projections from brain to spinal cord. Study of supraspinal control and its restoration after damage has focused mostly on a handful of major populations that carry motor commands, with only limited consideration of dozens more that provide autonomic or crucial motor modulation. Here, we assemble an experimental workflow to rapidly profile the entire supraspinal mesoconnectome in adult mice and disseminate the output in a web-based resource. Optimized viral labeling, 3D imaging, and registration to a mouse digital neuroanatomical atlas assigned tens of thousands of supraspinal neurons to 69 identified regions. We demonstrate the ability of this approach to clarify essential points of topographic mapping between spinal levels, measure population-specific sensitivity to spinal injury, and test the relationships between region-specific neuronal sparing and variability in functional recovery. This work will spur progress by broadening understanding of essential but understudied supraspinal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Adam Romanski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Vatsal Mehra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Yunfang Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, United States
| | - Matthew Brannigan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Benjamin C Campbell
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Cornell University, New York, United States
| | - Gregory A Petsko
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Cornell University, New York, United States
| | - Pantelis Tsoulfas
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, United States
| | - Murray G Blackmore
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, United States
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17
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Miracca G, Anuncibay-Soto B, Tossell K, Yustos R, Vyssotski AL, Franks NP, Wisden W. NMDA Receptors in the Lateral Preoptic Hypothalamus Are Essential for Sustaining NREM and REM Sleep. J Neurosci 2022; 42:5389-5409. [PMID: 35649726 PMCID: PMC7613025 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0350-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lateral preoptic (LPO) hypothalamus is a center for NREM and REM sleep induction and NREM sleep homeostasis. Although LPO is needed for NREM sleep, we found that calcium signals were, surprisingly, highest in REM sleep. Furthermore, and equally surprising, NMDA receptors in LPO were the main drivers of excitation. Deleting the NMDA receptor GluN1 subunit from LPO abolished calcium signals in all cells and produced insomnia. Mice of both sexes had highly fragmented NREM sleep-wake patterns and could not generate conventionally classified REM sleep. The sleep phenotype produced by deleting NMDA receptors depended on where in the hypothalamus the receptors were deleted. Deleting receptors from the anterior hypothalamic area (AHA) did not influence sleep-wake states. The sleep fragmentation originated from NMDA receptors on GABA neurons in LPO. Sleep fragmentation could be transiently overcome with sleeping medication (zolpidem) or sedatives (dexmedetomidine; Dex). By contrast, fragmentation persisted under high sleep pressure produced by sleep deprivation (SD), mice had a high propensity to sleep but woke up. By analyzing changes in δ power, sleep homeostasis (also referred to as "sleep drive") remained intact after NMDA receptor ablation. We suggest NMDA glutamate receptor activation stabilizes firing of sleep-on neurons and that mechanisms of sleep maintenance differ from that of the sleep drive itself.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Insomnia is a common affliction. Most insomniacs feel that they do not get enough sleep, but in fact, often have good amounts of sleep. Their sleep, however, is fragmented, and sufferers wake up feeling unrefreshed. It is unknown how sleep is maintained once initiated. We find that in mice, NMDA-type glutamate receptors in the hypothalamus are the main drivers of excitation and are required for a range of sleep properties: they are, in fact, needed for both sustained NREM sleep periods, and REM sleep generation. When NMDA receptors are selectively reduced from inhibitory preoptic (PO) neurons, mice have normal total amounts of sleep but high sleep-wake fragmentation, providing a model for studying intractable insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Miracca
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Berta Anuncibay-Soto
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Kyoko Tossell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Raquel Yustos
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alexei L Vyssotski
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zürich/Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas P Franks
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - William Wisden
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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18
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Araji F, Khan SS. REM Sleep Parasomnias and REM Behavior Disorder: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management. Psychiatr Ann 2021. [DOI: 10.3928/00485713-20211112-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Neurophysiological Aspects of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD): A Narrative Review. Brain Sci 2021. [PMID: 34942893 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121588.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
REM sleep without atonia (RSWA) is the polysomnographic (PSG) hallmark of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD), a feature essential for the diagnosis of this condition. Several additional neurophysiological aspects of this complex disorder have also recently been investigated in depth, which constitute the focus of this narrative review, together with RSWA. First, we describe the complex neural network underlying REM sleep and its muscle atonia, focusing on the disordered mechanisms leading to RSWA. RSWA is then described in terms of its polysomnographic features, and the methods (visual and automatic) currently available for its scoring and quantification are exposed and discussed. Subsequently, more recent and advanced neurophysiological features of RBD are described, such as electroencephalography during wakefulness and sleep, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials. The role of the assessment of neurophysiological features in the study of RBD is then carefully discussed, highlighting their usefulness and sensitivity in detecting neurodegeneration in the early or prodromal stages of RBD, as well as their relationship with other proposed biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of this condition. Finally, a future research agenda is proposed to help clarify the many still unclear aspects of RBD.
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20
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Figorilli M, Lanza G, Congiu P, Lecca R, Casaglia E, Mogavero MP, Puligheddu M, Ferri R. Neurophysiological Aspects of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD): A Narrative Review. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1588. [PMID: 34942893 PMCID: PMC8699681 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
REM sleep without atonia (RSWA) is the polysomnographic (PSG) hallmark of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD), a feature essential for the diagnosis of this condition. Several additional neurophysiological aspects of this complex disorder have also recently been investigated in depth, which constitute the focus of this narrative review, together with RSWA. First, we describe the complex neural network underlying REM sleep and its muscle atonia, focusing on the disordered mechanisms leading to RSWA. RSWA is then described in terms of its polysomnographic features, and the methods (visual and automatic) currently available for its scoring and quantification are exposed and discussed. Subsequently, more recent and advanced neurophysiological features of RBD are described, such as electroencephalography during wakefulness and sleep, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials. The role of the assessment of neurophysiological features in the study of RBD is then carefully discussed, highlighting their usefulness and sensitivity in detecting neurodegeneration in the early or prodromal stages of RBD, as well as their relationship with other proposed biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of this condition. Finally, a future research agenda is proposed to help clarify the many still unclear aspects of RBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Figorilli
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari and AOU Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (M.F.); (P.C.); (R.L.); (E.C.); (M.P.)
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Asse Didattico E., SS 554 Bivio Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lanza
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Unit, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina, Italy;
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Patrizia Congiu
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari and AOU Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (M.F.); (P.C.); (R.L.); (E.C.); (M.P.)
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Asse Didattico E., SS 554 Bivio Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Lecca
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari and AOU Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (M.F.); (P.C.); (R.L.); (E.C.); (M.P.)
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Asse Didattico E., SS 554 Bivio Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elisa Casaglia
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari and AOU Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (M.F.); (P.C.); (R.L.); (E.C.); (M.P.)
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Asse Didattico E., SS 554 Bivio Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria P. Mogavero
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Monica Puligheddu
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari and AOU Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (M.F.); (P.C.); (R.L.); (E.C.); (M.P.)
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Asse Didattico E., SS 554 Bivio Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Raffaele Ferri
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Unit, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina, Italy;
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Parmar S, Tadavarty R, Sastry BR. G-protein coupled receptors and synaptic plasticity in sleep deprivation. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:954-980. [PMID: 34888167 PMCID: PMC8613756 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i11.954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insufficient sleep has been correlated to many physiological and psychoneurological disorders. Over the years, our understanding of the state of sleep has transcended from an inactive period of rest to a more active state involving important cellular and molecular processes. In addition, during sleep, electrophysiological changes also occur in pathways in specific regions of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Activity mediated synaptic plasticity in the CNS can lead to long-term and sometimes permanent strengthening and/or weakening synaptic strength affecting neuronal network behaviour. Memory consolidation and learning that take place during sleep cycles, can be affected by changes in synaptic plasticity during sleep disturbances. G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), with their versatile structural and functional attributes, can regulate synaptic plasticity in CNS and hence, may be potentially affected in sleep deprived conditions. In this review, we aim to discuss important functional changes that can take place in the CNS during sleep and sleep deprivation and how changes in GPCRs can lead to potential problems with therapeutics with pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Parmar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ramakrishna Tadavarty
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bhagavatula R Sastry
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada
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22
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Brain Clocks, Sleep, and Mood. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34773227 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-81147-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nucleus houses the master clock, but the genes which encode the circadian clock components are also expressed throughout the brain. Here, we review how circadian clock transcription factors regulate neuromodulator systems such as histamine, dopamine, and orexin that promote arousal. These circadian transcription factors all lead to repression of the histamine, dopamine, and orexin systems during the sleep period, so ensuring integration with the ecology of the animal. If these transcription factors are deleted or mutated, in addition to the global disturbances in circadian rhythms, this causes a chronic up-regulation of neuromodulators leading to hyperactivity, elevated mood, and reduced sleep, which have been suggested to be states resembling mania.
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Regulation of microRNA Expression in Sleep Disorders in Patients with Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147370. [PMID: 34298990 PMCID: PMC8307836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of epilepsy on sleep and the activating effects of sleep on seizures are well documented in the literature. To date, many sleep-related and awake-associated epilepsy syndromes have been described. The relationship between sleep and epilepsy has led to the recognition of polysomnographic testing as an important diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of epilepsy. The authors analyzed the available medical database in search of other markers that assess correlations between epilepsy and sleep. Studies pointing to microRNAs, whose abnormal expression may be common to epilepsy and sleep disorders, are promising. In recent years, the role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of epilepsy and sleep disorders has been increasingly emphasized. MicroRNAs are a family of single-stranded, non-coding, endogenous regulatory molecules formed from double-stranded precursors. They are typically composed of 21–23 nucleotides, and their main role involves post-transcriptional downregulation of expression of numerous genes. Learning more about the role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of sleep disorder epilepsy may result in its use as a biomarker in these disorders and application in therapy.
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A Discrete Glycinergic Neuronal Population in the Ventromedial Medulla That Induces Muscle Atonia during REM Sleep and Cataplexy in Mice. J Neurosci 2021; 41:1582-1596. [PMID: 33372061 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0688-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, anti-gravity muscle tone and bodily movements are mostly absent, because somatic motoneurons are inhibited by descending inhibitory pathways. Recent studies showed that glycine/GABA neurons in the ventromedial medulla (VMM; GlyVMM neurons) play an important role in generating muscle atonia during REM sleep (REM-atonia). However, how these REM-atonia-inducing neurons interconnect with other neuronal populations has been unknown. In the present study, we first identified a specific subpopulation of GlyVMM neurons that play an important role in induction of REM-atonia by virus vector-mediated tracing in male mice in which glycinergic neurons expressed Cre recombinase. We found these neurons receive direct synaptic input from neurons in several brain stem regions, including glutamatergic neurons in the sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus (SLD; GluSLD neurons). Silencing this circuit by specifically expressing tetanus toxin light chain (TeTNLC) resulted in REM sleep without atonia. This manipulation also caused a marked decrease in time spent in cataplexy-like episodes (CLEs) when applied to narcoleptic orexin-ataxin-3 mice. We also showed that GlyVMM neurons play an important role in maintenance of sleep. This present study identified a population of glycinergic neurons in the VMM that are commonly involved in REM-atonia and cataplexy.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We identified a population of glycinergic neurons in the ventral medulla that plays an important role in inducing muscle atonia during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. It sends axonal projections almost exclusively to motoneurons in the spinal cord and brain stem except to those that innervate extraocular muscles, while other glycinergic neurons in the same region also send projections to other regions including monoaminergic nuclei. Furthermore, these neurons receive direct inputs from several brainstem regions including glutamatergic neurons in the sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus (SLD). Genetic silencing of this pathway resulted in REM sleep without atonia and a decrease of cataplexy when applied to narcoleptic mice. This work identified a neural population involved in generating muscle atonia during REM sleep and cataplexy.
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25
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Krishnan D. Orchestration of dreams: a possible tool for enhancement of mental productivity and efficiency. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2021; 19:207-213. [PMID: 33526967 PMCID: PMC7839624 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-021-00313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering the significance of dreams, remains a dream till date. A little is known about its underlying mechanism, brain regions involved and implications with wake life. This review is aimed to investigate the latest developments to summarize the differences in nature of dreams in Rapid eye movement and Non rapid eye movement sleep, possible role of dreams in day to day life with larger focus on Lucid Dreaming- its significant role in elevating productivity and efficiency. To carry out this review, combination of keywords like Lucid Dreaming, Rapid eye movement, Non rapid eye movement, Sleep Cycle, Dream Patterns, molecular mechanism of dreaming etc. were entered in databases like National library of Medicine, Google Scholar etc. Nature and composition of dreams are distinct in different sleep phases and it tends to influence cognitive skills, memory consolidation, mood and personal temperaments. It was observed that dreams in distinct phases, can be directly/indirectly related to development of cognition, skill enhancements, learning, healing, and even stress management affecting overall performance and productivity of an individual. Understanding the nature of dream contents in different phases can possibly inculcate insights for not only recovery aid in several mental illnesses but for elevated efficiency and productivity in normal individuals as well. Realising dreams as an effective tool for its contribution in daily activities might help organising our mood and overall mental well-being, a foremost component to thrive in the contemporary world which is currently undergoing the chaos of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolly Krishnan
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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26
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Mander BA. Local Sleep and Alzheimer's Disease Pathophysiology. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:525970. [PMID: 33071726 PMCID: PMC7538792 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.525970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Even prior to the onset of the prodromal stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a constellation of sleep disturbances are apparent. A series of epidemiological studies indicate that multiple forms of these sleep disturbances are associated with increased risk for developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD, even triggering disease onset at an earlier age. Through the combination of causal manipulation studies in humans and rodents, as well as targeted examination of sleep disturbance with respect to AD biomarkers, mechanisms linking sleep disturbance to AD are beginning to emerge. In this review, we explore recent evidence linking local deficits in brain oscillatory function during sleep with local AD pathological burden and circuit-level dysfunction and degeneration. In short, three deficits in the local expression of sleep oscillations have been identified in relation to AD pathophysiology: (1) frequency-specific frontal deficits in slow wave expression during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, (2) deficits in parietal sleep spindle expression, and (3) deficits in the quality of electroencephalographic (EEG) desynchrony characteristic of REM sleep. These deficits are noteworthy since they differ from that seen in normal aging, indicating the potential presence of an abnormal aging process. How each of these are associated with β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau pathology, as well as neurodegeneration of circuits sensitive to AD pathophysiology, are examined in the present review, with a focus on the role of dysfunction within fronto-hippocampal and subcortical sleep-wake circuits. It is hypothesized that each of these local sleep deficits arise from distinct network-specific dysfunctions driven by regionally-specific accumulation of AD pathologies, as well as their associated neurodegeneration. Overall, the evolution of these local sleep deficits offer unique windows into the circuit-specific progression of distinct AD pathophysiological processes prior to AD onset, as well as their impact on brain function. This includes the potential erosion of sleep-dependent memory mechanisms, which may contribute to memory decline in AD. This review closes with a discussion of the remaining critical knowledge gaps and implications of this work for future mechanistic studies and studies implementing sleep-based treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce A. Mander
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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27
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Self-Reported Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disturbance and Its Associated Factors among Medicine and Health Science Students at the University of Gondar. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1810836. [PMID: 32509850 PMCID: PMC7245670 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1810836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is characterized by dream-enacting behavior (shouting, punching, and falling out of bed) related to unpleasant dreams and loss of normal rapid eye movement (REM) sleep muscle atonia. Rapid eye movement sleep enhances learning and memory by regulating neuronal synapses, and if it is undesirable, it can lead to cognitive impairment and poor academic performance and may end up with death. To the best of our searching databases, there is no such study conducted in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study is aimed at determining self-reported symptoms of RBD and its associated factors among the University of Gondar medicine and health science students (2019). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study from June 1 to July 2019, among medicine and health science students at the University of Gondar using a simple random sampling technique. A self-reported RBD screening questionnaire was used to collect the data. We used Epi Info™ 7.0.8.3 and Stata 14 for data entry and statistical analyses, respectively. Descriptive statistics (frequency with percent and mean with standard deviation) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% uncertainty interval (UI) were computed. In a multivariable binary logistic regression, variables with a p < 0.05 were declared as significant. Results Three hundred and eighty-seven students took part in the study. The mean age of participants was 20.81 (±1.83) years. The prevalence of self-reported RBD was 46.25% [95% UI (41.26%-51.24)]. Physical exercise immediately before sleep (AOR = 2.50, 95% UI (1.24-5.02)), using Facebook immediately before sleep (AOR = 1.93, 95% UI (1.18-3.15)), having daytime sleepiness (AOR = 1.92, 95% UI (1.16-3.19)), and self-reported depressive symptoms (AOR = 2.40, 95% UI (1.45-3.99)) were significantly associated with self-reported RBD. Conclusion The current study revealed a high prevalence of self-reported RBD. This remarkable problem suggested a need to design strategies to prevent RBD symptoms among university students through targeting screening of depression, daytime sleepiness, and adjusting bedtime routines such as physical exercise and internet use immediately before going to bed.
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28
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Abstract
Parkinson disease has historically been conceptualized as a movement disorder. In recent decades, nonmotor and neuropsychiatric symptoms have become increasingly recognized as being of paramount importance for patients with Parkinson disease. Neuropsychiatric phenomena dominate the course of the other major Lewy body disease, dementia with Lewy bodies. In this review, we survey the clinical relevance of nonmotor and neuropsychiatric symptoms to the heterogeneous presentations of Lewy body disease and their significance to ongoing research in this area. We consider how the nature of Lewy body neuropathology may help explicate the basis of nonmotor and neuropsychiatric symptoms in these two disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared T Hinkle
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1830 E Monument St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Phipps 300, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Gregory M Pontone
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Phipps 300, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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29
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Sun Y, Liu M. Hypothalamic MCH Neuron Activity Dynamics during Cataplexy of Narcolepsy. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0017-20.2020. [PMID: 32303567 PMCID: PMC7196720 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0017-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic orexin (hypocretin, HCRT) deficiency causes sleep disorder narcolepsy with cataplexy in humans and murine. As another integral group of sleep/wake-regulating neurons in the same brain area, the melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons' involvement in cataplexy remains ambiguous. Here we used the live animal deep-brain calcium (Ca2+) imaging tool to record MCH neuron dynamics during cataplexy by expressing calcium sensor GCaMP6s into genetically defined MCH neurons in orexin knock-out mice, which are a model of human narcolepsy. Similar to wild-type mice, MCH neurons of the narcoleptic mice displayed significantly higher Ca2+ transient fluorescent intensity during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and active waking (AW) episodes compared with non-REM (NREM) sleep. Moreover, MCH neurons displayed significantly lower Ca2+ signals during cataplexy. Importantly, a pre-cataplexy elevation of Ca2+ signals from MCH neurons was not a prerequisite for cataplexy initiation. Our results demonstrated the inactivation status of MCH neurons during cataplexy and suggested that MCH neurons are not involved in the initiation and maintenance of cataplexy in orexin knock-out mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
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30
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Zhang F, Niu L, Liu X, Liu Y, Li S, Yu H, Le W. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder and Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Update. Aging Dis 2020; 11:315-326. [PMID: 32257544 PMCID: PMC7069464 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a sleep behavior disorder characterized by abnormal behaviors and loss of muscle atonia during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. RBD is generally considered to be associated with synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA), and usually precedes years before the first symptom of these diseases. It is believed that RBD predicts the neurodegeneration in synucleinopathy. However, increasing evidences have shown that RBD is also found in non-synucleinopathy neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Huntington’s disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), etc. Sleep disturbance such as RBD may be an early sign of neurodegeneration in these diseases, and also serve as an assessment of cognitive impairments. In this review, we updated the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and possible mechanisms of RBD in neurogenerative diseases. A better understanding of RBD in these neurogenerative diseases will provide biomarkers and novel therapeutics for the early diagnosis and treatment of the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- 1Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,2Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Long Niu
- 1Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,2Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xinyao Liu
- 1Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,2Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yufei Liu
- 1Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,2Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Song Li
- 1Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,2Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huan Yu
- 3Sleep and Wake Disorders Center and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Le
- 1Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,2Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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31
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Lee H, Yamazaki R, Wang D, Arthaud S, Fort P, DeNardo LA, Luppi P. Targeted recombination in active populations as a new mouse genetic model to study sleep‐active neuronal populations: Demonstration that Lhx6+ neurons in the ventral zona incerta are activated during paradoxical sleep hypersomnia. J Sleep Res 2020; 29:e12976. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun‐Sook Lee
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL) Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS UMR5292 INSERM U1028 Bron France
- Department of Anatomy School of Medicine Konkuk University Seoul Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Science School of Medicine Konkuk University Seoul Korea
| | - Risa Yamazaki
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL) Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS UMR5292 INSERM U1028 Bron France
| | - Dianru Wang
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL) Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS UMR5292 INSERM U1028 Bron France
| | - Sébastien Arthaud
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL) Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS UMR5292 INSERM U1028 Bron France
| | - Patrice Fort
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL) Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS UMR5292 INSERM U1028 Bron France
| | - Laura A. DeNardo
- Department of Physiology University of California LA Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Pierre‐Hervé Luppi
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL) Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS UMR5292 INSERM U1028 Bron France
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32
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Rosales-Lagarde A, Rodriguez-Torres EE, Itzá-Ortiz BA, Miramontes P, Vázquez-Tagle G, Enciso-Alva JC, García-Muñoz V, Cubero-Rego L, Pineda-Sánchez JE, Martínez-Alcalá CI, Lopez-Noguerola JS. The Color of Noise and Weak Stationarity at the NREM to REM Sleep Transition in Mild Cognitive Impaired Subjects. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1205. [PMID: 30065684 PMCID: PMC6056768 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In Older Adults (OAs), Electroencephalogram (EEG) slowing in frontal lobes and a diminished muscle atonia during Rapid Eye Movement sleep (REM) have each been effective tracers of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), but this relationship remains to be explored by non-linear analysis. Likewise, data provided by EEG, EMG (Electromyogram) and EOG (Electrooculogram)—the three required sleep indicators—during the transition from REM to Non-REM (NREM) sleep have not been related jointly to MCI. Therefore, the main aim of the study was to explore, with results for Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) and multichannel DFA (mDFA), the Color of Noise (CN) at the NREM to REM transition in OAs with MCI vs. subjects with good performances. The comparisons for the transition from NREM to REM were made for each group at each cerebral area, taking bilateral derivations to evaluate interhemispheric coupling and anteroposterior and posterior networks. In addition, stationarity analysis was carried out to explore if the three markers distinguished between the groups. Neuropsi and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were administered, as well as other geriatric tests. One night polysomnography was applied to 6 OAs with MCI (68.1 ± 3) and to 7 subjects without it (CTRL) (64.5 ± 9), and pre-REM and REM epochs were analyzed for each subject. Lower scores for attention, memory and executive funcions and a greater index of arousals during sleep were found for the MCI group. Results confirmed that EOGs constituted significant markers of MCI, increasing the CN for the MCI group in REM sleep. The CN of the EEG from the pre-REM to REM was higher for the MCI group vs. the opposite for the CTRL group at frontotemporal areas. Frontopolar interhemispheric scaling values also followed this trend as well as right anteroposterior networks. EMG Hurst values for both groups were lower than those for EEG and EOG. Stationarity analyses showed differences between stages in frontal areas and right and left EOGs for both groups. These results may demonstrate the breakdown of fractality of areas especially involved in executive functioning and the way weak stationarity analyses may help to distinguish between sleep stages in OAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Rosales-Lagarde
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico City, Mexico.,Área Académica de Gerontología, San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Mexico
| | | | | | - Pedro Miramontes
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - José E Pineda-Sánchez
- Área Académica de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Mexico
| | - Claudia I Martínez-Alcalá
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico City, Mexico.,Área Académica de Gerontología, San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Mexico
| | - Jose S Lopez-Noguerola
- Área Académica de Gerontología, San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Mexico.,Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Medicine, Goettingen, Germany
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33
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Szczygiel EJ, Cho S, Tucker RM. Characterization of the Relationships Between Sleep Duration, Quality, Architecture, and Chemosensory Function in Nonobese Females. Chem Senses 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjy012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Szczygiel
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Sungeun Cho
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Robin M Tucker
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
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34
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Shiromani PJ, Peever JH. New Neuroscience Tools That Are Identifying the Sleep-Wake Circuit. Sleep 2017; 40:3059391. [PMID: 28329204 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the brain is yielding to technology. In the area of sleep neurobiology, conventional neuroscience tools such as lesions, cell recordings, c-Fos, and axon-tracing methodologies have been instrumental in identifying the complex and intermingled populations of sleep- and arousal-promoting neurons that orchestrate and generate wakefulness, NREM, and REM sleep. In the last decade, new technologies such as optogenetics, chemogenetics, and the CRISPR-Cas system have begun to transform how biologists understand the finer details associated with sleep-wake regulation. These additions to the neuroscience toolkit are helping to identify how discrete populations of brain cells function to trigger and shape the timing and transition into and out of different sleep-wake states, and how glia partner with neurons to regulate sleep. Here, we detail how some of the newest technologies are being applied to understand the neural circuits underlying sleep and wake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyattam J Shiromani
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Research Service, Charleston, SC
| | - John H Peever
- Centre for Biological Timing and Cognition, Department Cell and Systems Biology, and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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35
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Weber F. Modeling the mammalian sleep cycle. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 46:68-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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36
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McKenna D, Peever J. Degeneration of rapid eye movement sleep circuitry underlies rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Mov Disord 2017; 32:636-644. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dillon McKenna
- Centre for Biological Timing and Cognition, Department of Cell and Systems Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
| | - John Peever
- Centre for Biological Timing and Cognition, Department of Cell and Systems Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
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