1
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Wang Y, Song X, Jin M, Lu J. Characterization of the Immune Microenvironment and Identification of Biomarkers in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps Using Single-Cell RNA Sequencing and Transcriptome Analysis. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:253-277. [PMID: 38229690 PMCID: PMC10790669 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s440409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chronic rhinosinusitis is a prevalent condition in the field of otorhinolaryngology; however, its pathogenesis remains to be elucidated. The immunological defense of the nasal mucosa is significantly influenced by dendritic cells (DCs). We identified specific biological indicators linked to DCs and explored their significance in cases of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Patients and Methods We categorized cells using single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing, and combined transcriptome sequencing was used to identify potential candidate genes for CRSwNP. We selected three biomarkers based on two algorithms and performed enrichment and immune correlation analyses. Biomarkers were verified using training and validation sets, receiver operating characteristic curves, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Variations in biomarker expression were validated using pseudotime analysis. The networks of competing transcription factor (TF)-mRNA and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) were established, and the protein drugs associated with these biomarkers were predicted. Results Both scRNA-seq and transcriptome data showed that DCs immune infiltration was higher in the CRSwNP group than in the control group. Three DC-related biomarkers (NR4A1, CLEC4G, and CD163) were identified. In CRSwNP, NR4A1 expression decreased, whereas CLEC4G and CD163 expression increased. All biomarkers were shown to be involved in immunological and metabolic pathways by enrichment analysis. These biomarkers were associated with γδ T cells, effector memory CD4 + T cells, regulatory T cells, and immature DCs. According to pseudotime analysis, NR4A1 and CD163 expression decreased from high to low, whereas CLEC4G expression remained low. Conclusion We screened and identified potential DC-associated biomarkers of CRSwNP progression by integrating scRNA-seq with whole transcriptome sequencing. We analyzed the biological pathways in which they were involved, explored their molecular regulatory mechanisms and related drugs, and constructed ceRNA, TF-mRNA, and biomarker-drug networks to identify new CRSwNP treatment targets, laying the groundwork for the clinical management of CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mulan Jin
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Nieto-Pelegrín E, Álvarez B, Martínez de la Riva P, Toki D, Poderoso T, Revilla C, Uenishi H, Ezquerra A, Domínguez J. Porcine CLEC12B is expressed on alveolar macrophages and blood dendritic cells. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 111:103767. [PMID: 32535044 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
CLEC12B is a C-type lectin-like receptor expressed on myeloid cells. In this study, we have characterized the porcine homologue of CLEC12B (poCLEC12B). To this end, we have generated constructs encoding a c-myc tagged version of the whole receptor, or its ectodomain fused to the Fc portion of human IgG1, from a cDNA clone obtained from an alveolar macrophage library, and raised monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against this molecule. Using these mAbs, poCLEC12B was found to be expressed on alveolar macrophages and, at lower levels, on blood conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1) and plasmacytoid DCs. No binding was detected on monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages or monocyte-derived DCs. Engagement of CLEC12B on alveolar macrophages with mAbs had no apparent effect on cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-8) induced by LPS. These results provide the basis for future investigations aimed to assess the role of poCLEC12B in different microbial infections and to evaluate its potential in vaccination strategies targeting DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Nieto-Pelegrín
- Dpto. Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Álvarez
- Dpto. Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Martínez de la Riva
- Dpto. Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daisuke Toki
- Institute of Japan Association for Techno-innovation in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Teresa Poderoso
- Dpto. Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Revilla
- Dpto. Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hirohide Uenishi
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Angel Ezquerra
- Dpto. Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Domínguez
- Dpto. Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
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3
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Yu X, Huang X, Chen X, Liu J, Wu C, Pu Q, Wang Y, Kang X, Zhou L. Characterization of a novel anti-human lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) antibody for cancer immunotherapy. MAbs 2019; 11:1139-1148. [PMID: 31242068 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1629239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) is expressed on activated T cells, natural killer cells or B cells, and functions to negatively regulate homeostasis of these cells. Anti-LAG-3 antibodies might be useful for antitumor immunotherapy. In this study, we characterized a novel anti-LAG-3 antibody, LBL-007, which was isolated from a human antibody phage display library. LBL-007 was found to specifically bind to human LAG-3 antigen, but not to human CD4 or mouse LAG-3. LBL-007 bound activated T cells and promoted interleukin-2 secretion. LBL-007 internalization efficacy by endocytosis into different cells was better than that of another anti-LAG-3 antibody, relatlimab analog. Moreover, LBL-007 was able to block LAG-3 binding to MHC class II molecules and liver sinusoidal endothelial cell lectin, and block LAG-3-induced downstream signaling. In mice transplanted with colorectal cancer cells, treatment with either anti-PD-1 antibody or LBL-007 (10 mg/kg per mouse twice a week for three weeks) resulted in a significant delay in tumor growth compared with control IgG treatment, and their combination was even more effective. Serum LBL-007 levels were highly stable in monkeys after a single intravenous injection of LBL-007 at 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg. This study demonstrated that the combination of LBL-007 with an anti-PD-1 antibody is a promising antitumor regimen for immunotherapy of solid tumors in future that deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Yu
- a Central Laboratory, Navy General Hospital of PLA , Beijing , China
| | - Xiao Huang
- b Department of Research and Discovery, Nanjing Leads Biolabs Co., Ltd , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiuxiu Chen
- c Naval Clinical College, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
| | - Jianfei Liu
- a Central Laboratory, Navy General Hospital of PLA , Beijing , China
| | - Chenglin Wu
- a Central Laboratory, Navy General Hospital of PLA , Beijing , China
| | - Qian Pu
- a Central Laboratory, Navy General Hospital of PLA , Beijing , China
| | - Yuxiao Wang
- a Central Laboratory, Navy General Hospital of PLA , Beijing , China
| | - Xiaoqiang Kang
- b Department of Research and Discovery, Nanjing Leads Biolabs Co., Ltd , Nanjing , China
| | - Lijun Zhou
- a Central Laboratory, Navy General Hospital of PLA , Beijing , China
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4
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Gabius HJ, Manning JC, Kopitz J, André S, Kaltner H. Sweet complementarity: the functional pairing of glycans with lectins. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1989-2016. [PMID: 26956894 PMCID: PMC11108359 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates establish the third alphabet of life. As part of cellular glycoconjugates, the glycans generate a multitude of signals in a minimum of space. The presence of distinct glycotopes and the glycome diversity are mapped by sugar receptors (antibodies and lectins). Endogenous (tissue) lectins can read the sugar-encoded information and translate it into functional aspects of cell sociology. Illustrated by instructive examples, each glycan has its own ligand properties. Lectins with different folds can converge to target the same epitope, while intrafamily diversification enables functional cooperation and antagonism. The emerging evidence for the concept of a network calls for a detailed fingerprinting. Due to the high degree of plasticity and dynamics of the display of genes for lectins the validity of extrapolations between different organisms of the phylogenetic tree yet is inevitably limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-J Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany.
| | - J C Manning
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - J Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S André
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - H Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
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5
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Shu C, Wang S, Xu T. Characterization of the duplicate L-SIGN and DC-SIGN genes in miiuy croaker and evolutionary analysis of L-SIGN in fishes. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 50:19-25. [PMID: 25596146 PMCID: PMC7124703 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN/CD209) and liver/lymph node-specific ICAM-grabbing non-integrin (L-SIGN/CD299) which are homologues of DC-SIGN are important members in C-type lectin receptors family as key molecules to recognize and eliminate pathogens in the innate immune system. DC-SIGN and L-SIGN have become hot topics in recent studies which both served as cell adhesion and phagocytic pathogen recognition receptors in mammals. However, there have been almost no studies of DC-SIGN and L-SIGN structure and characters in fish, only DC-SIGN in the zebrafish had been studied. In our study, we identified and characterized the full-length miiuy croaker (Miichthys miiuy) DC-SIGN (mmDC-SIGN) and L-SIGN (mmL-SIGN) genes. The sequence analysis results showed that mmDC-SIGN and mmL-SIGN have the same domains with other vertebrates except primates, and share some conserved motifs in CRD among all the vertebrates which play a crucial role in interacting with Ca(2+) and for recognizing mannose-containing motifs. Gene synteny of DC-SIGN and L-SIGN were analyzed for the first time and gene synteny of L-SIGN was conserved among the five fishes. Interestingly, one gene next to L-SIGN from gene synteny had high similarity with L-SIGN gene that was described as L-SIGN-like in fish species. While only one L-SIGN gene existed in other vertebrates, two L-SIGN in fish may be in consequence of the fish-specific genome duplication to adapt the specific environment. The evolutionary analysis showed that the ancestral lineages of L-SIGN gene in fishes experienced purifying selection and the current lineages of L-SIGN gene in fishes underwent positive selection, indicating that the ancestral lineages and current lineages of L-SIGN gene in fishes underwent different evolutionary patterns. Both mmDC-SIGN and mmL-SIGN were expressed in all tested tissues and ubiquitously up-regulated in infected liver, spleen and kidney at different sampling time points, indicating that the mmDC-SIGN and mmL-SIGN participated in the immune response to defense against bacteria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Shu
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Shanchen Wang
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Tianjun Xu
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
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6
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Pulyakhina I, Gazzoli I, 't Hoen PAC, Verwey N, den Dunnen JT, den Dunnen J, Aartsma-Rus A, Laros JFJ. SplicePie: a novel analytical approach for the detection of alternative, non-sequential and recursive splicing. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:e80. [PMID: 25800735 PMCID: PMC4499118 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing is a powerful mechanism present in eukaryotic cells to obtain a wide range of transcripts and protein isoforms from a relatively small number of genes. The mechanisms regulating (alternative) splicing and the paradigm of consecutive splicing have recently been challenged, especially for genes with a large number of introns. RNA-Seq, a powerful technology using deep sequencing in order to determine transcript structure and expression levels, is usually performed on mature mRNA, therefore not allowing detailed analysis of splicing progression. Sequencing pre-mRNA at different stages of splicing potentially provides insight into mRNA maturation. Although the number of tools that analyze total and cytoplasmic RNA in order to elucidate the transcriptome composition is rapidly growing, there are no tools specifically designed for the analysis of nuclear RNA (which contains mixtures of pre- and mature mRNA). We developed dedicated algorithms to investigate the splicing process. In this paper, we present a new classification of RNA-Seq reads based on three major stages of splicing: pre-, intermediate- and post-splicing. Applying this novel classification we demonstrate the possibility to analyze the order of splicing. Furthermore, we uncover the potential to investigate the multi-step nature of splicing, assessing various types of recursive splicing events. We provide the data that gives biological insight into the order of splicing, show that non-sequential splicing of certain introns is reproducible and coinciding in multiple cell lines. We validated our observations with independent experimental technologies and showed the reliability of our method. The pipeline, named SplicePie, is freely available at: https://github.com/pulyakhina/splicing_analysis_pipeline. The example data can be found at: https://barmsijs.lumc.nl/HG/irina/example_data.tar.gz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Pulyakhina
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Isabella Gazzoli
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A C 't Hoen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nisha Verwey
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan T den Dunnen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Leiden Genome Technology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan den Dunnen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Leiden Genome Technology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Aartsma-Rus
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen F J Laros
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Leiden Genome Technology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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7
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Marquet F, Vu Manh TP, Maisonnasse P, Elhmouzi-Younes J, Urien C, Bouguyon E, Jouneau L, Bourge M, Simon G, Ezquerra A, Lecardonnel J, Bonneau M, Dalod M, Schwartz-Cornil I, Bertho N. Pig Skin Includes Dendritic Cell Subsets Transcriptomically Related to Human CD1a and CD14 Dendritic Cells Presenting Different Migrating Behaviors and T Cell Activation Capacities. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:5883-93. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Subramaniam S, Piñeyro P, Tian D, Overend C, Yugo DM, Matzinger SR, Rogers AJ, Haac MER, Cao Q, Heffron CL, Catanzaro N, Kenney SP, Huang YW, Opriessnig T, Meng XJ. In vivo targeting of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus antigen through porcine DC-SIGN to dendritic cells elicits antigen-specific CD4T cell immunity in pigs. Vaccine 2014; 32:6768-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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9
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Mair KH, Sedlak C, Käser T, Pasternak A, Levast B, Gerner W, Saalmüller A, Summerfield A, Gerdts V, Wilson HL, Meurens F. The porcine innate immune system: an update. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 45:321-43. [PMID: 24709051 PMCID: PMC7103209 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few years, we have seen an increasing interest and demand for pigs in biomedical research. Domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) are closely related to humans in terms of their anatomy, genetics, and physiology, and often are the model of choice for the assessment of novel vaccines and therapeutics in a preclinical stage. However, the pig as a model has much more to offer, and can serve as a model for many biomedical applications including aging research, medical imaging, and pharmaceutical studies to name a few. In this review, we will provide an overview of the innate immune system in pigs, describe its anatomical and physiological key features, and discuss the key players involved. In particular, we compare the porcine innate immune system to that of humans, and emphasize on the importance of the pig as model for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Mair
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - C Sedlak
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - T Käser
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - A Pasternak
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - B Levast
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - W Gerner
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - A Saalmüller
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - A Summerfield
- Institute of Virology and Immunoprophylaxis (IVI), Sensemattstrasse 293, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - V Gerdts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - H L Wilson
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - F Meurens
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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10
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Dong G, Wang C, Wu Y, Cong J, Cheng L, Wang M, Zhao P, Tang L, Zhang C, Wu K. Tat peptide-mediated soluble expression of the membrane protein LSECtin-CRD in Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83579. [PMID: 24358298 PMCID: PMC3865297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human liver and lymph node sinusoidal endothelial cell C-type lectin (hLSECtin), a type II integral membrane protein, containing a Ca2+-dependent carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), has a well-established biological activity, yet its three-dimensional structure is unknown due to low expression yields and aggregation into inclusion bodies. Previous study has demonstrated that the HIV-1 virus-encoded Tat peptide (‘YGRKKRRQRRR’) can increase the yields and the solubility of heterologous proteins. However, whether the Tat peptide could promote the high-yield and soluble expression of membrane proteins in Escherichia coli is not known. Therefore, the prokaryotic expression vector pET28b-Tat-hLSECtin-CRD (using pET28b and pET28b-hLSECtin-CRD as controls) was constructed, and transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells and induced with isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactoside (IPTG) followed with identifying by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Subsequently, the bacterial subcellular structure, in which overexpressed the heterologous proteins Tat-hLSECtin-CRD and Tat-free hLSECtin-CRD, was analyzed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) respectively, and the mannose-binding activity of Tat-hLSECtin-CRD was also determined. Expectedly, the solubility of Tat-LSECtin-CRD significantly increased compared to Tat-free LSECtin-CRD (**p < 0.01) with prolonged time, and the Tat-LSECtin-CRD had a significant mannose-binding activity. The subcellular structure analysis indicated that the bacterial cells overexpressed Tat-hLSECtin-CRD exhibited denser region compared with controls, while dot denser region aggregated in the two ends of bacterial cells overexpressed Tat-free hLSECtin-CRD. This study provided a novel method for improving the soluble expression of membrane proteins in prokaryotic systems by fusion with the Tat peptide, which may be potentially expanded to the expression of other membrane proteins.
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MESH Headings
- Carbohydrate Metabolism/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
- Humans
- Lectins, C-Type/chemistry
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/isolation & purification
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Mannose/metabolism
- Organisms, Genetically Modified
- Peptide Fragments/chemistry
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/isolation & purification
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Solubility
- tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/chemistry
- tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics
- tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofu Dong
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Changzhen Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yonghong Wu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center of PLA, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Cong
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Li Cheng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Mingqun Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Pengkai Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Li Tang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Department of Genomics and Proteomics, Chinese Human Genome Center, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (LT); (CZ); (KW)
| | - Chenggang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center of PLA, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (LT); (CZ); (KW)
| | - Ke Wu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (LT); (CZ); (KW)
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11
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Abstract
The C-type lectins DC-SIGN, DC-SIGNR and LSECtin are encoded by the lectin gene cluster on chromosome 19p13.3 and perform cell-adhesion and pathogen recognition functions on dendritic cells, liver cells and lymph node sinusoidal endothelial cells. DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR share similar overall gene and protein molecule structures, and they exhibit high affinity for high-mannose carbohydrates. LSECtin, a Ca2+-dependent C-type lectin, interacts with mannose, NAcGlc and fucose. These lectins allow pathogen recognition (e.g., viruses, bacteria and allergens) and cell adhesion for dendritic and endothelial cells in different tissues, which may enhance the infection and facilitate the spread of those pathogens. A better understanding of these lectins may yield information about how pathogens are captured by particular cells and how they spread in different tissues. These studies would provide more detail about the physiopathological mechanisms of viral and bacterial infections and may also lead to new strategies to treat or prevent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Diagnostic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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12
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Splicing of mouse p53 pre-mRNA does not always follow the "first come, first served" principle and may be influenced by cisplatin treatment and serum starvation. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:9247-56. [PMID: 22740133 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Transcription of a pre-mRNA in eukaryotic cells elongates from the 5' to the 3' end, but intron removal during a pre-mRNA splicing does not always proceed in this orientation. In this study, we identified eight mouse p53 transcripts that retained one or more of introns 6, 7 and 8. The 5' part of intron 9 was also retained while the 3' part was not studied. These intron-containing transcripts, abbreviated as p53-ICTs, were detected at low abundance in many mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) as well as cancer cell lines and tissues, and the highest ratio of these p53-ICTs to the mature p53 mRNA was seen in the normal pancreas. Serum starvation decreased those p53-ICTs that retained introns 6 and 7 but increased the levels of those lacking these introns while the level of the mature p53 mRNA was unaffected. Treatment of several cancer cell lines with cisplatin increased the mature p53 mRNA level but decreased these p53-ICTs. Transfection of p53(-/-) MEF with the p53 cDNA or several p53-ICT mini-genes slightly increased the cell viability and rendered the cells resistant to cisplatin. These data also suggest that p53 pre-mRNA splicing may have multiple orders of intron removal, some of which may not follow the "first come, first served" principle. It remains possible that these p53-ICTs are splicing intermediates existing as a mechanism for the cell to respond more promptly to a demand for more p53 and that p53 protein may be required for a normal life of MEF.
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Abstract
In the immune system, C-type lectins and CTLDs have been shown to act both as adhesion and as pathogen recognition receptors. The Dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and its homologs in human and mouse represent an important C-type lectin family. DC-SIGN contains a lectin domain that recognizes in a Ca2+-dependent manner carbohydrates such as mannose-containing structures present on glycoproteins such as ICAM-2 and ICAM-3. DC-SIGN is a prototype C-type lectin organized in microdomains, which have their role as pathogen recognition receptors in sensing microbes. Although the integrin LFA-1 is a counter-receptor for both ICAM-2 and ICAM-3 on DC, DC-SIGN is the high affinity adhesion receptor for ICAM-2/-3. While cell–cell contact is a primary function of selectins, collectins are specialized in recognition of pathogens. Interestingly, DC-SIGN is a cell adhesion receptor as well as a pathogen recognition receptor. As adhesion receptor, DC-SIGN mediates the contact between dendritic cells (DCs) and T lymphocytes, by binding to ICAM-3, and mediates rolling of DCs on endothelium, by interacting with ICAM-2. As pathogen receptor, DC-SIGN recognizes a variety of microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria, fungi and several parasites (Cambi et al. 2005). The natural ligands of DC-SIGN consist of mannose oligosaccharides or fucose-containing Lewis-type determinants. In this chapter, we shall focus on the structure and functions of DC-SIGN and related CTLDs in the recognition of pathogens, the molecular and structural determinants that regulate the interaction with pathogen-associated molecular patterns. The heterogeneity of carbohydrate residues exposed on cellular proteins and pathogens regulates specific binding of DC-expressed C-type lectins that contribute to the diversity of immune responses created by DCs (van Kooyk et al. 2003a; Cambi et al. 2005).
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Huang Y, Meng X. Novel strategies and approaches to develop the next generation of vaccines against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Virus Res 2010; 154:141-9. [PMID: 20655962 PMCID: PMC7132426 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an economically important swine pathogen. Since its discovery in the early 1990s, tremendous progresses have been made in understanding the molecular biology and pathogenesis of PRRSV. Although modified live-attenuated vaccines (MLVs) and inactivated vaccines against PRRSV have been available for more than a decade, the disease remains difficult to control. The efficacies of these vaccines especially against heterologous strains remain questionable: the MLVs were generally effective against homologous strains but variable in success against heterologous strains, and the outcomes of inactivated vaccines in the field are not very promising. With the development of PRRSV reverse genetics systems and the acquisition of new understanding on anti-PRRSV immunity, rational design of the next generation of PRRSV vaccines can now be explored. In this review, we discussed the recent advances in anti-PRRSV immunity and vaccinology, the recent progresses in PRRSV vaccine development particularly the reverse genetics system-based vaccine development, and provided a perspective on potential novel strategies and approaches that may be applicable to the development of the next generation of PRRSV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - X.J. Meng
- Corresponding author at: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1981 Kraft Drive, Room 2036, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0913, USA. Tel.: +1 540 231 6912; fax: +1 540 231 3426.
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