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Zhang L, Zhang S, Qiao Y, Cao X, Cheng J, Meng Q, Shen H. Dynamic Interplay of Metabolic and Transcriptional Responses in Shrimp during Early and Late Infection Stages of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16738. [PMID: 38069062 PMCID: PMC10706788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is a microsporidian parasite that infects Litopenaeus vannamei, causing severe hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis (HPM) and resulting in significant economic losses. This study utilizes a combined analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics to unveil the dynamic molecular interactions between EHP and its host, the Pacific white shrimp, during the early and late stages of infection. The results indicate distinct immunological, detoxification, and antioxidant responses in the early and late infection phases. During early EHP infection in shrimp, immune activation coincides with suppression of genes like Ftz-F1 and SEPs, potentially aiding parasitic evasion. In contrast, late infection shows a refined immune response with phagocytosis-enhancing down-regulation of Ftz-F1 and a resurgence in SEP expression. This phase is characterized by an up-regulated detoxification and antioxidant response, likely a defense against the accumulated effects of EHP, facilitating a stable host-pathogen relationship. In the later stages of infection, most immune responses return to baseline levels, while some immune genes remain active. The glutathione antioxidant system is suppressed early on but becomes activated in the later stages. This phenomenon could facilitate the early invasion of EHP while assisting the host in mitigating oxidative damage caused by late-stage infection. Notably, there are distinctive events in polyamine metabolism. Sustained up-regulation of spermidine synthase and concurrent reduction in spermine levels suggest a potential role of polyamines in EHP development. Throughout the infection process, significant differences in genes such as ATP synthase and hexokinase highlight the continuous influence on energy metabolism pathways. Additionally, growth-related pathways involving amino acids such as tryptophan, histidine, and taurine are disrupted early on, potentially contributing to the growth inhibition observed during the initial stages of infection. In summary, these findings elucidate the dynamic interplay between the host, Litopenaeus vannamei, and the parasite, EHP, during infection. Specific phase differences in immune responses, energy metabolism, and antioxidant processes underscore the intricate relationship between the host and the parasite. The disruption of polyamine metabolism offers a novel perspective in understanding the proliferation mechanisms of EHP. These discoveries significantly advance our comprehension of the pathogenic mechanisms of EHP and its interactions with the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiting Zhang
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China
- School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yi Qiao
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Xiaohui Cao
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
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Hernández-Cabanyero C, Carrascosa E, Jiménez S, Fouz B. Exploring the Effect of Functional Diets Containing Phytobiotic Compounds in Whiteleg Shrimp Health: Resistance to Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrotic Disease Caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081354. [PMID: 37106917 PMCID: PMC10135097 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis (AHPND) is an emerging severe disease caused by strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VpAHPND) in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Mitigating its negative impact, and at the same time minimizing antibiotics treatments, is the major challenge in shrimp aquaculture. A sustainable strategy could be to include immunostimulants in diet. Phytobiotics, harmless plant extracts with immunostimulatory and biocidal activities, are promising candidates. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of two diets (E and F) supplemented with phytobiotics (functional diets) in terms of protecting shrimp against AHPND. For this purpose, groups of animals were fed functional or control diets for 4 and 5 weeks and, subsequently, they were challenged with VpAHPND by immersion. We compared the mortality in infected groups and estimated the percentage of carriers by using a specific qPCR in hepatopancreas tissue. The results showed that mortality was significantly lower in the group fed functional diet E and, after a 5-week feeding schedule. This group also showed the lowest percentage of carriers. The pathological effects were also reduced with diet F. Thus, feeding shrimp with phytobiotic-enriched diets in critical periods will be highly beneficial because it increases the host's resistance to AHPND pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Hernández-Cabanyero
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Esther Carrascosa
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Jiménez
- IGUSOL ADVANCE, S.A. Pol. Ind. Lentiscares. C/La Losa, 7, 26370 Navarrete, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Belén Fouz
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Sang W, Liu J, Xing Y, Feng C, Hu Q, Lang Y, Li X, Bao J, Jiang H. Transcriptome analysis of hepatopancreas of Chinese grass shrimp, Palaemonetes sinensis, infected by Enterocytospora artemiae. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 133:108557. [PMID: 36669602 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of the microsporidian, Enterocytospora artemiae, has caused serious economic losses to the aquaculture industry of Palaemonetes sinensis. The hepatopancreas is the main digestive and immune organ of P. sinensis, and the main site of E. artemiae infection. We used next-generation sequencing to determine the effects of E. artemiae parasitism on the hepatopancreas of P. sinensis at the transcriptome level. The hepatopancreas of P. sinensis was parasitized by E. artemiae, and 881 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained, of which 643 were upregulated and 238 were downregulated. These DEGs are mainly involved in DNA replication, transcription, translation, immunity, and metabolism. Among them, the cellular processes of DNA replication, transcription and translation are significantly strengthened, which may be related to the use of host ATP and nucleic acid by E. artemiae to achieve proliferation and damage to host cells to enhance DNA replication and repair. Moreover, to defend against E. artemiae, some immune genes related to antioxidation, such as glutathione metabolism, seleno compound metabolism, and cytochrome p450 2L1, were significantly upregulated, but simultaneously, tumor necrosis factor, NF-κB inhibitor α, and other immune-related genes were significantly down regulated, indicating that the parasitism of E. artemiae led to a significant decline in the immune defense ability of P. sinensis. From the perspective of metabolism, the metabolism-related DEGs of retinol, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, were significantly downregulated, resulting in insufficient nutrient absorption and decreased energy supply of the P. sinensis, which in turn affected their growth. The differential genes and pathways identified in this study can provide a reference basis to further elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of P. sinensis infected with E. artemiae and the prevention and control of microsporidia disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Sang
- Aquaculture Department, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Aquaculture Department, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuenan Xing
- Aquaculture Department, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chengcheng Feng
- Aquaculture Department, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingbiao Hu
- Aquaculture Department, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuxi Lang
- Aquaculture Department, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Aquaculture Department, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Bao
- Aquaculture Department, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Hongbo Jiang
- Aquaculture Department, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
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Zheng X, Vanrompay D, Van Stappen G, Feyaerts AF, Van Dijck P, Bossier P. Selected essential oil components fail to induce an immunological response in Artemia but still protect against vibriosis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:1343-1351. [PMID: 36216228 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the present research, in order to screen out the best candidates from 12 different EOCs, we proposed three in vivo screening methods, namely the screening method of bioluminescence of V. campbellii associated with brine shrimp, regrowth performance of V. campbellii, and immune gene expression of brine shrimp without challenge. Our result showed that challenged with V. campbellii at 107 cells/mL, the survival of the brine shrimp at 48 h was significantly increased after treatment with the EOCs (at 0.0005%, v/v) of 4-allylanisole, R-(+)-limonene, S-(-)-limonene, (-)-terpinen-4-ol, (±)-citronellal, citral, trans-cinnamaldehyde and (+)-carvone, compared to the positive control group. Also, it was observed that the EOCs- of 4-allylanisloe, R-(+)-limonene, S-(-)-limonene, (-)-β-pinene, geraniol, (±)-citronellal, citral, trans-cinnamaldehyde and (+)-carvone decreased significantly the in vivo bioluminescence of V. campbellii at 36 h after Vibrio exposure. The regrowth assay showed that independently from incubation time (1, 12 or 24 h), no difference was observed in the regrowth curve in all EOC treatment groups compared to the positive control group. The dscam gene expression in the (±)-citronellal group, and the sod gene in the citral group were observed to be significantly higher than in the negative control at 24 h, respectively. However, most of the immune genes were down-regulated in the EOC groups. Combining the survival data at 48 h with the bioluminescence result at 36 h, it was noted that the survival rate of brine shrimp was moderately correlated with in vivo bioluminescence of V. campbellii. The results indicate that the approach of determining in vivo bioluminescence of V. campbellii is a moderately reliable, fastest, and cheapest screening method for EOCs. As the regrowth performance assay of V. campbellii, and the immune genes expression assay of brine shrimp without challenge cannot predict Artemia survival properly, they cannot be used as screening methods for EOCs. Moreover, the immune genes expression assay is relatively slow, time-consuming and costly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Zheng
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Science and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Daisy Vanrompay
- Laboratory of Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gilbert Van Stappen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Science and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Adam F Feyaerts
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Van Dijck
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Science and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Kumar V, Roy S, Behera BK, Das BK. Heat Shock Proteins (Hsps) in Cellular Homeostasis: A Promising Tool for Health Management in Crustacean Aquaculture. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1777. [PMID: 36362932 PMCID: PMC9699388 DOI: 10.3390/life12111777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are a family of ubiquitously expressed stress proteins and extrinsic chaperones that are required for viability and cell growth in all living organisms. These proteins are highly conserved and produced in all cellular organisms when exposed to stress. Hsps play a significant role in protein synthesis and homeostasis, as well as in the maintenance of overall health in crustaceans against various internal and external environmental stresses. Recent reports have suggested that enhancing in vivo Hsp levels via non-lethal heat shock, exogenous Hsps, or plant-based compounds, could be a promising strategy used to develop protective immunity in crustaceans against both abiotic and biotic stresses. Hence, Hsps as the agent of being an immune booster and increasing disease resistance will present a significant advancement in reducing stressful conditions in the aquaculture system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bijay Kumar Behera
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology (AEBN) Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (CIFRI), Barrackpore 700120, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology (AEBN) Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (CIFRI), Barrackpore 700120, India
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Effects of Low Temperature on Antioxidant and Heat Shock Protein Expression Profiles and Transcriptomic Responses in Crayfish ( Cherax destructor). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091779. [PMID: 36139854 PMCID: PMC9495765 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Low temperature is a critical factor restricting the growth and survival of aquatic animals, but research on the mechanism of response to low temperature in Cherax destructor is limited. C. destructor is one of the most important freshwater crustaceans with strong adaptability in Australia, and it has been commercialized gradually in recent years. Here, growth indicators, antioxidant parameters, anti-stress gene expression, and transcriptome sequencing were used on crayfish following 8 weeks of low-temperature acclimation. The results showed that weight gain, length gain, and molting rates decreased as the temperature decreased. The activity of antioxidant enzymes decreased, while the content of antioxidant substances and the expression of anti-stress genes increased. Transcriptome sequencing identified 589 differentially expressed genes, 279 of which were upregulated and 310 downregulated. The gene functions and pathways for endocrine disorders, glucose metabolism, antioxidant defense, and immune responses were identified. In conclusion, although low-temperature acclimation inhibited the basal metabolism and immune ability of crayfish, it also increased the antioxidant substance content and anti-stress-gene expression to protect the organism from low-temperature damage. This study provided molecular insights into the study of low-temperature responses of low-temperature-tolerant crustacean species.
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Yudiati E, Azhar N, Achmad MJ, Sunaryo S, Susanto A, Yulianto B, Alghazeer RO, Alansari WS, Shamlan G. Alginate poly and oligosaccharide (AOS) from Sargassum sp. as immunostimulant in gnotobiotic artemia challenge tests and antibacterial diffusion disc assay against pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. harveyi. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-210116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alginate is a polysaccharide derived from Sargassum sp. and is a potent immunostimulant with antibacterial activity, including against Vibrio spp. This genus of bacteria is found in freshwater and marine environments and is a common infectious, pathogenic bacteria both for aquatic cultivans and humans. Here, we determined the ability of sodium alginate polysaccharides and oligosaccharides (AOS) to act as immunostimulants in Artemia challenge tests and antibacterial diffusion disc assays against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, and V. harveyi. The AOS was produced by thermal heating. Dry sodium alginates were weighed out from 4.21 to 6.47 grams with a yield varying from 21.05 to 32.35%. Alginate polysaccharides were challenged against V harveyi and showed 8 positive results. The highest inhibitor zone was 12.962±3.623 mm. Based on 18 tests, AOS showed 12 positive results, with the highest inhibitor zone being 10.250±0.09 mm. The encapsulated alginate against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio vulnificus, and the non-challenged tests without any Vibrio spp. addition resulted in the best concentrations of 800 ppm (polysaccharide) and 600 ppm (oligosaccharide), respectively. The lower concentration of oligosaccharides alginate were more effective and has the potential to be superior as an antibacterial agent and immunestimulant, as opposed to alginate polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ervia Yudiati
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Nuril Azhar
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Janib Achmad
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Khairun University, Ternate City, North Maluku, Indonesia
| | - Sunaryo Sunaryo
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Adi Susanto
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Yulianto
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Rabia O. Alghazeer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Wafa S. Alansari
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Quiroz-Guzmán E, Cabrera-Stevens M, Sánchez-Paz A, Mendoza-Cano F, Encinas-García T, Barajas-Sandoval D, Gómez-Gil B, Peña-Rodríguez A. Effect of functional diets on intestinal microbiota and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:2649-2660. [PMID: 35007373 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study evaluated the effect of four functional diets and a reference diet on the survival and intestinal bacterial community of shrimp Penaeus vannamei infected with AHPND. METHODS AND RESULTS After 42 days of feeding trail, shrimp were inoculated with a Vibrio parahaemolyticus (CIB-0018-3) carrying the plasmid encoding for the PirAB toxins responsible for AHPND. After 120 h post-infection (hpi), shrimp fed with a diet containing 2% of a mix with Curcuma longa and Lepidium meyenii (TuMa) and a diet containing 0.2% of vitamin C (VitC) showed a significantly higher survival (85%) compared to the remaining treatments (50-55%) (p<0.05). Infected shrimp fed with TuMa diet, showed a significant reduction of Vibrionales; and VitC diet promoted an increase of Alteromonadales. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the TuMa diet conferred protection against AHPND and could be attributed to a combined effect of antibacterial properties against Vibrionales, and promoting a desirable bacterial community in the shrimp intestine, while the VitC diet protection could be attributed to their antioxidant capacity and in a lower proportion to a bacterial modulation in shrimp gut. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) is a devastating disease that significantly affects aquaculture production of shrimps. Therefore, the use of functional diets that promotes resistance to AHPND, represents a valuable tool to reduce the mortality of farmed shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Quiroz-Guzmán
- CONACYT - CIBNOR, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., 23096, México
| | - Mónica Cabrera-Stevens
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., 23096, México
| | - Arturo Sánchez-Paz
- Laboratorio de Virología. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), S.C. (Campus Hermosillo). Calle Hermosa 101. Fraccionamiento Los Ángeles. Hermosillo, Son. C.P., 83206, México
| | - Fernando Mendoza-Cano
- Laboratorio de Virología. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), S.C. (Campus Hermosillo). Calle Hermosa 101. Fraccionamiento Los Ángeles. Hermosillo, Son. C.P., 83206, México
| | - Trinidad Encinas-García
- Laboratorio de Virología. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), S.C. (Campus Hermosillo). Calle Hermosa 101. Fraccionamiento Los Ángeles. Hermosillo, Son. C.P., 83206, México
| | - Diana Barajas-Sandoval
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., 23096, México
| | - Bruno Gómez-Gil
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), Unidad Mazatlán en Acuicultura y Manejo Ambiental. AP. 711, 82000, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Alberto Peña-Rodríguez
- CONACYT - CIBNOR, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., 23096, México
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Zheng X, Han B, Kumar V, Feyaerts AF, Van Dijck P, Bossier P. Essential Oils Improve the Survival of Gnotobiotic Brine Shrimp ( Artemia franciscana) Challenged With Vibrio campbellii. Front Immunol 2021; 12:693932. [PMID: 34745085 PMCID: PMC8564362 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.693932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The halophilic aquatic bacterium Vibrio campbellii is an important aquatic pathogen, capable of causing vibriosis in shrimp and fish resulting in significant economic losses. In a previous work, essential oils (EOs) extracts from Melaleuca alternifolia, Litsea citrata, and Eucalyptus citriodora were found to inhibit the growth of V. campbellii in vitro. This study aimed to determine in vivo EOs’ potential protective effect towards gnotobiotic brine shrimp Artemia franciscana, challenged with V. campbellii. The study showed that brine shrimp larvae supplemented with EOs of M. alternifolia (0.0008%) and L. citrata (0.002%) displayed significantly increased survival against V. campbellii. The results indicated that supplementation of these EOs increased the expression of immune-related genes (either in the presence or absence of the pathogen), probably contributing to enhanced protection. Furthermore, in vitro studies indicated that some EOs modulated the expression of virulence factors including swimming motility, biofilm formation, and gelatinase and lipase activity, while flow cytometry data and regrowth assay indicated that these EOs do not exhibit antimicrobial activity as V. campbellii grew at the tested concentrations [M. alternifolia (0.0008%) and L. citrata (0.002%)]. Our findings suggest that EOs extracted from M. alternifolia and L. citrata, can modulate virulence factor production and immunological responses and might hence become part of an intervention strategy to control vibriosis in a fish or shrimp aquaculture setting, a hypothesis that needs to be validated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Zheng
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Science and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biao Han
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Science and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Vikash Kumar
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Science and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology & Nanotechnology (AEBN), ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Adam F Feyaerts
- Vlaam Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Katholieke Univeriteit (VIB-KU) Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, Katholieke Univeriteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Van Dijck
- Vlaam Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Katholieke Univeriteit (VIB-KU) Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, Katholieke Univeriteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Science and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Tran PTN, Kumar V, Bossier P. Do acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease-causing PirAB VP toxins aggravate vibriosis? Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 9:1919-1932. [PMID: 32799621 PMCID: PMC8284973 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1811778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Gram-negative marine bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important aquatic pathogen and has been demonstrated to be the causative agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrotic disease (AHPND) in shrimp aquaculture. The AHPND-causing V. parahaemolyticus strains contain a pVA1 plasmid encoding the binary PirAVP and PirBVP toxins, are the primary virulence factor that mediates AHPND and mortality in shrimp. Since PirABVP toxins are secreted extracellularly, one can hypothesize that PirABVP toxins would aggravate vibriosis in the aquatic environment. To address this, in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted. Germ-free Artemia franciscana were co-challenged with PirABVP toxins and 10 Vibrio spp. The in vivo results showed that PirABVP toxin interact synergistically with MM30 (a quorum sensing AI-2 deficient mutant) and V. alginolyticus AQ13-91, aggravating vibriosis. However, co-challenge by PirABVP toxins and V. campbellii LMG21363, V. parahaemolyticus CAIM170, V. proteolyticus LMG10942, and V. anguillarum NB10 worked antagonistically, increasing the survival of Artemia larvae. The in vitro results showed that the addition of PirABVP toxins significantly modulated the production of the virulence factors of studied Vibrio spp. Yet these in vitro results did not help to explain the in vivo results. Hence it appears that PirABVP toxins can aggravate vibriosis. However, the dynamics of interaction is strain dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Thi Ngoc Tran
- Lab of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vikash Kumar
- Lab of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium.,ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (CIFRI), Barrackpore, India
| | - Peter Bossier
- Lab of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
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Cui L, Zhu B, Zhang X, Chan Z, Zhao C, Zeng R, Yang S, Chen S. Effects of Supplement of Marichromatium gracile YL28 on Water Quality and Microbial Structures in Shrimp Mariculture Ecosystems. Genes (Basel) 2020; 12:genes12010040. [PMID: 33396721 PMCID: PMC7823961 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The elevated NH3-N and NO2-N pollution problems in mariculture have raised concerns because they pose threats to animal health and coastal and offshore environments. Supplement of Marichromatium gracile YL28 (YL28) into polluted shrimp rearing water and sediment significantly decreased ammonia and nitrite concentrations, showing that YL28 functioned as a novel safe marine probiotic in the shrimp culture industry. The diversity of aquatic bacteria in the shrimp mariculture ecosystems was studied by sequencing the V4 region of 16S rRNA genes, with respect to additions of YL28 at the low and high concentrations. It was revealed by 16S rRNA sequencing analysis that Proteobacteria, Planctomycete and Bacteroidetes dominated the community (>80% of operational taxonomic units (OTUs)). Up to 41.6% of the predominant bacterial members were placed in the classes Gammaproteobacteria (14%), Deltaproteobacteria (14%), Planctomycetacia (8%) and Alphaproteobacteria (5.6%) while 40% of OTUs belonged to unclassified ones or others, indicating that the considerable bacterial populations were novel in our shrimp mariculture. Bacterial communities were similar between YL28 supplements and control groups (without addition of YL28) revealed by the β-diversity using PCoA, demonstrating that the additions of YL28 did not disturb the microbiota in shrimp mariculture ecosystems. Instead, the addition of YL28 increased the relative abundance of ammonia-oxidizing and denitrifying bacteria. The quantitative PCR analysis further showed that key genes including nifH and amoA involved in nitrification and nitrate or nitrite reduction significantly increased with YL28 supplementation (p < 0.05). The supplement of YL28 decreased the relative abundance of potential pathogen Vibrio. Together, our studies showed that supplement of YL28 improved the water quality by increasing the relative abundance of ammonia-oxidizing and denitrifying bacteria while the microbial community structure persisted in shrimp mariculture ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cui
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (L.C.); (B.Z.); (X.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Bitong Zhu
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (L.C.); (B.Z.); (X.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (L.C.); (B.Z.); (X.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Zhuhua Chan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resource, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, China; (Z.C.); (R.Z.)
| | - Chungui Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (L.C.); (B.Z.); (X.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Runying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resource, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, China; (Z.C.); (R.Z.)
| | - Suping Yang
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (L.C.); (B.Z.); (X.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (S.C.)
| | - Shicheng Chen
- Department of Biomedical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (S.C.)
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Han B, Baruah K, Nguyen DV, Williams DL, Devriendt B, Cox E, Bossier P. Beta-glucan's varying structure characteristics modulate survival and immune-related genes expression from Vibrio harveyi-infected Artemia franciscana in gnotobiotic conditions. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:307-315. [PMID: 32371255 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
β-Glucans have long been used as an immunostimulant in aquaculture. However, the relationship of its structure to its immunomodulatory properties are poorly understood. In this study, the particle size and chemical structure of β-glucans extracted from wild-type strain of baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and its null-mutant yeasts Gas1 were characterised. Using Sigma β-glucan as a reference, the immunomodulatory properties of these polysaccharides in the germ-free Artemia franciscana model system in the presence of Vibrio harveyi bacterial challenge were investigated. The survival of the A. franciscana nauplii, upon challenge with V. harveyi, was significantly higher in all three glucan-treated groups compared to the control. The glucan Gas1 with a lower degree of branching and shorter side chain length had the most prominent V. harveyi-protective effects. The particle size did not affect the nauplii survival when challenged with V. harveyi. Results also showed that the salutary effect of the tested glucans was associated with the upregulation of innate immune genes such as lipopolysaccharide and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein (lgbp), high mobility group box protein (hmgb), and prophenoloxidase (proPO). Interestingly, the up-regulation of superoxidase dismutase (sod) and glutathione-s-transferase (gst) was only observed in Gas1 treated group, indicating that Gas1 could function to induce higher reactive oxygen species and stronger immunomodulatory function in A. franciscana, and therefore higher survival rate. The expression of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70), peroxinectin (pxn), and down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (dscam) remain unaltered in response to glucan treatment. Taken together, this study provides insights into the structure-function relationship of β-glucan and the results confirmed that β-glucan can be an effective immunostimulant in aquaculture, especially the Gas1 glucan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Han
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Kartik Baruah
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dung Viet Nguyen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - David L Williams
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease, and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Bert Devriendt
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Eric Cox
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium
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Han B, Zheng X, Baruah K, Bossier P. Sodium Ascorbate as a Quorum-Sensing Inhibitor Leads to Decreased Virulence in Vibrio campbellii. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1054. [PMID: 32582059 PMCID: PMC7291813 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio campbellii is one of the major bacterial pathogens for animals reared in aquaculture, affecting both vertebrates and invertebrates, and causes significant economic losses. It is now evident that the expressions of virulence factors in this pathogen are regulated by the density of the bacterial population. This type of regulation, termed quorum sensing (QS), is mediated by extracellular signal molecules called autoinducers. In this study, the impact of sodium ascorbate (NaAs) on the virulence of V. campbellii was investigated under both in vitro and in vivo conditions, to develop a natural anti-infective strategy to contain V. campbellii infection in aquacultured animals. Results showed that NaAs significantly decreased swimming motility, biofilm production, and the production of virulence enzymes, such as lipase, caseinase, phospholipase, and hemolysin in V. campbellii. Consistent with this, pretreatment of V. campbellii with NaAs before inoculation into the rearing water resulted in significantly increased survival of gnotobiotic brine shrimp larvae, when compared to larvae challenged with untreated V. campbellii. Furthermore, NaAs could interfere with QS-regulated bioluminescence in V. campbellii, suggesting the QS-inhibitory activity largely determines the protective effect of NaAs toward the brine shrimp. In essence, due to the potent anti-virulence effects observed in in vitro studies and the clinical brine shrimp-V. campbellii infection model, NaAs constitute a promising novel strategy for the control of V. campbellii infections in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Han
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xiaoting Zheng
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kartik Baruah
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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14
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Montánchez I, Kaberdin VR. Vibrio harveyi: A brief survey of general characteristics and recent epidemiological traits associated with climate change. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 154:104850. [PMID: 32056705 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Here we briefly review the major characteristics of the emerging pathogen Vibrio harveyi and discuss survival strategies and adaptation mechanisms underlying the capacity of this marine bacterium to thrive in natural and artificial aquatic settings. Recent studies suggest that some adaptation mechanisms can easily be acquired by V. harveyi and other members of the Vibrionaceae family owing to efficient horizontal gene transfer and elevated mutation rate. While discussing the main factors in charge of the expansion of Vibrio spp. habitats and concomitant spread of Vibrio-associated diseases under climate change, this review highlights the need for future studies able to address the joint impact of environmental and anthropogenic factors on the long-term dynamics and virulence of V. harveyi populations at the global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itxaso Montánchez
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Vladimir R Kaberdin
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE-UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Spain.
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Roy S, Kumar V, Bossier P, Norouzitallab P, Vanrompay D. Phloroglucinol Treatment Induces Transgenerational Epigenetic Inherited Resistance Against Vibrio Infections and Thermal Stress in a Brine Shrimp ( Artemia franciscana) Model. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2745. [PMID: 31827471 PMCID: PMC6890837 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging, infectious diseases in shrimp like acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus and mortality caused by other Vibrio species such as Vibrio harveyi are worldwide related to huge economic losses in industrial shrimp production. As a strategy to prevent disease outbreaks, a plant-based phenolic compound could be used as a biocontrol agent. Here, using the brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana) as a model system, we showed that phloroglucinol treatment of the parental animals at early life stages resulted in transgenerational inherited increased resistance in their progeny against biotic stress, i.e., bacteria (V. parahaemolyticus AHPND strain and V. harveyi) and abiotic stress, i.e., lethal heat shock. Increased resistance was recorded in three subsequent generations. Innate immune-related gene expression profiles and potential epigenetic mechanisms were studied to discover the underlying protective mechanisms. Our results showed that phloroglucinol treatment of the brine shrimp parents significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced the expression of a core set of innate immune genes (DSCAM, proPO, PXN, HSP90, HSP70, and LGBP) in subsequent generations. We also demonstrated that epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, m6A RNA methylation, and histone acetylation and methylation (active chromatin marker i.e., H3K4Me3, H3K4me1, H3K27me1, H3 hyperacetylation, H3K14ac and repression marker, i.e., H3K27me3, H4 hypoacetylation) might play a role in regulation of gene expression leading toward the observed transgenerational inheritance of the resistant brine shrimp progenies. To our knowledge, this is the first report on transgenerational inheritance of a compound-induced robust protected phenotype in brine shrimp, particularly protected against AHPND caused by V. parahaemolyticus and vibriosis caused by V. harveyi. Results showed that epigenetic reprogramming is likely to play a role in the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvra Roy
- Laboratory of Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, India
| | - Vikash Kumar
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, India
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Parisa Norouzitallab
- Laboratory of Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daisy Vanrompay
- Laboratory of Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Fang Y, Klosterman SJ, Tian C, Wang Y. Insights into VdCmr1-mediated protection against high temperature stress and UV irradiation in Verticillium dahliae. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:2977-2996. [PMID: 31136051 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The fungus Verticillium dahliae causes vascular wilt disease on more than 200 plant species worldwide. This fungus can survive for years in soil as melanized microsclerotia. We found that VdCmr1, a transcription factor, is required for the melanin production and increased survival following UV irradiation in V. dahliae but not for microsclerotia production or virulence. Here, we provided evidence how VdCmr1 protects against high temperature (HT) and UV irradiation in V. dahliae. The results indicate that VdCmr1 mediates entry to the diapause period in V. dahliae in response to HT and contributes to the expression of proteins to minimize protein misfolding and denaturation. VdCmr1 deletion results in the misregulation of DNA repair machinery, suggestive of reduced DNA repair capacity following UV irradiation and in correlation with the low survival rate of UV-treated VdCmr1 mutants. We discovered a putative VdCmr1-dependent gene cluster associated with secondary metabolism and stress responses. We also functionally characterized two VdCmr1-responsive genes participating in HT and UV response. These results shed further light on the roles of VdCmr1 in protection from HT or UV irradiation, and the additional insights into the mechanisms of this protection may be useful to exploit for more effective disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Fang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Steven J Klosterman
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, CA, 93905, USA
| | - Chengming Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonglin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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