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Thirman HL, Hayes MJ, Brown LE, Porco JA, Irish JM. Single Cell Profiling Distinguishes Leukemia-Selective Chemotypes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.01.591362. [PMID: 38826485 PMCID: PMC11142275 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.01.591362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
A central challenge in chemical biology is to distinguish molecular families in which small structural changes trigger large changes in cell biology. Such families might be ideal scaffolds for developing cell-selective chemical effectors - for example, molecules that activate DNA damage responses in malignant cells while sparing healthy cells. Across closely related structural variants, subtle structural changes have the potential to result in contrasting bioactivity patterns across different cell types. Here, we tested a 600-compound Diversity Set of screening molecules from the Boston University Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD) in a novel phospho-flow assay that tracked fundamental cell biological processes, including DNA damage response, apoptosis, M-phase cell cycle, and protein synthesis in MV411 leukemia cells. Among the chemotypes screened, synthetic congeners of the rocaglate family were especially bioactive. In follow-up studies, 37 rocaglates were selected and deeply characterized using 12 million additional cellular measurements across MV411 leukemia cells and healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Of the selected rocaglates, 92% displayed significant bioactivity in human cells, and 65% selectively induced DNA damage responses in leukemia and not healthy human blood cells. Furthermore, the signaling and cell-type selectivity were connected to structural features of rocaglate subfamilies. In particular, three rocaglates from the rocaglate pyrimidinone (RP) structural subclass were the only molecules that activated exceptional DNA damage responses in leukemia cells without activating a detectable DNA damage response in healthy cells. These results indicate that the RP subset should be extensively characterized for anticancer therapeutic potential as it relates to the DNA damage response. This single cell profiling approach advances a chemical biology platform to dissect how systematic variations in chemical structure can profoundly and differentially impact basic functions of healthy and diseased cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L. Thirman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Chemical & Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Madeline J. Hayes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lauren E. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John A. Porco
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Irish
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Zwang NA, Ganesh BB, Cardenas KT, Chong AS, Finn PW, Perkins DL. An optimized protocol to quantify signaling in human transitional B cells by phospho flow cytometry. J Immunol Methods 2018; 463:112-121. [PMID: 30321549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Phospho flow cytometry is a powerful technique to analyze signaling in rare cell populations. This technique, however, requires harsh conditions for cell fixation and permeabilization, which can denature surface antigens or antibody-conjugated fluorochromes. These are among several technical limitations which have been a barrier to quantify signaling in unique B cell subsets. One such immature subset, transitional B cells (TrBs), may play a role in suppressing solid organ transplant rejection, graft-versus-host disease, autoimmunity, and even the immune response to malignancy. Here we sought to optimize a protocol for quantification of signaling in human TrBs compared with mature B cell subsets. RESULTS TrBs were defined by surface marker expression as CD19+CD24hiCD38hi. Key parameters optimized included antibody clone selection, sequence of surface epitope labeling in relation to paraformaldehyde-based fixation and methanol-based permeabilization, photomultiplier tube (PMT) voltages, and compensation. Special attention was paid to labeling of CD38 with regard to these parameters, and an optimized protocol enabled reliable identification of TrBs, naïve (CD24+CD38+), early memory (CD24hiCD38-), and late memory (CD24-CD38-) B cells. Phospho flow cytometry enabled simultaneous quantification of phosphorylation among at least three different signaling molecules within the same sample. Among normal donors, transitional B cells exhibited diminished mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt phospho signaling upon nonspecific stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetateand ionomycin stimulation. CONCLUSIONS We optimized an effective protocol to quantify B cell subset signaling upon stimulation. Such a protocol may ultimately serve as the basis for assessing dysfunctional B cell signaling in disease, predict clinical outcomes, and monitor response to B cell-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Zwang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 820 South Wood Street (MC 793), Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Balaji B Ganesh
- Flow Cytometry Core, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Medical Science Building, 835 South Wolcott Avenue (E-25C), Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Kim T Cardenas
- BioLegend, 9727 Pacific Heights Blvd, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Anita S Chong
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplantation Surgery, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue (SBRI J547/MC 5026), Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Patricia W Finn
- Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 South Wood Street Suite 1020N (MC 787), Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - David L Perkins
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 820 South Wood Street (MC 793), Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Aarebrot AK, Solberg SM, Davies R, Bader LI, Holmes TD, Gavasso S, Bryceson YT, Jonsson R, Sandvik LF, Appel S. Phosphorylation of intracellular signalling molecules in peripheral blood cells from patients with psoriasis on originator or biosimilar infliximab. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:371-380. [PMID: 29274242 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by a dysregulated immune response and it is associated with substantial systemic comorbidities. Biological drugs such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors can ameliorate the disease but are expensive. Biosimilar drugs have the same amino-acid sequence as the originator, but differences in manufacturing can affect biological activity, efficacy and tolerability. OBJECTIVES To explore potential differences in intracellular phosphorylation of signalling molecules in peripheral blood cells from patients with psoriasis treated with the TNF-α inhibitor infliximab compared with healthy controls, and to investigate if the phosphorylation pattern was influenced by switching from the originator infliximab to the biosimilar CT-P13. METHODS By flow cytometry, we measured phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, before and after TNF-α stimulation in monocytes and T, B, natural killer and CD3+ CD56+ cells from 25 patients with psoriasis treated with infliximab and 19 healthy controls. RESULTS At inclusion, phosphorylation levels of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were increased in patients with psoriasis compared with healthy controls, even though clinical remission had already been achieved. Phosphorylation levels declined in patients on both originator infliximab and biosimilar during continued treatment. No significant differences were detected between the two medications after 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Patients with psoriasis on infliximab have higher activation levels of PBMCs than do healthy controls, possibly reflecting systemic inflammation. Switching from the originator infliximab to biosimilar CT-P13 did not affect phosphorylation levels or clinical parameters, suggesting that CT-P13 is a noninferior treatment alternative to the originator infliximab.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Aarebrot
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - S M Solberg
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Dermatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - R Davies
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - L I Bader
- Bergen Group of Epidemiology and Biomarkers in Rheumatic Disease (BEaBiRD), Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - T D Holmes
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - S Gavasso
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Y T Bryceson
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Jonsson
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Bergen Group of Epidemiology and Biomarkers in Rheumatic Disease (BEaBiRD), Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - L F Sandvik
- Department of Dermatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - S Appel
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Crocenzi T, Cottam B, Newell P, Wolf RF, Hansen PD, Hammill C, Solhjem MC, To YY, Greathouse A, Tormoen G, Jutric Z, Young K, Bahjat KS, Gough MJ, Crittenden MR. A hypofractionated radiation regimen avoids the lymphopenia associated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy of borderline resectable and locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2016; 4:45. [PMID: 27532020 PMCID: PMC4986363 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-016-0149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preclinical studies have shown synergy between radiation therapy and immunotherapy. However, in almost all preclinical models, radiation is delivered in single doses or short courses of high doses (hypofractionated radiation). By contrast in most clinical settings, radiation is delivered as standard small daily fractions of 1.8-2 Gy to achieve total doses of 50–54 Gy (fractionated radiation). We do not yet know the optimal dose and scheduling of radiation for combination with chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Methods To address this, we analyzed the effect of neoadjuvant standard fractionated and hypofractionated chemoradiation on immune cells in patients with locally advanced and borderline resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Results We found that standard fractionated chemoradiation resulted in a significant and extended loss of lymphocytes that was not explained by a lack of homeostatic cytokines or response to cytokines. By contrast, treatment with hypofractionated radiation therapy avoided the loss of lymphocytes associated with conventional fractionation. Conclusion Hypofractionated neoadjuvant chemoradiation is associated with reduced systemic loss of T cells. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01342224, April 21, 2011; NCT01903083, July 2, 2013. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40425-016-0149-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Crocenzi
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR 97213 USA
| | - Benjamin Cottam
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR 97213 USA
| | - Pippa Newell
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR 97213 USA ; The Oregon Clinic, Portland, OR 97213 USA ; Providence Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer Program, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR 97213 USA
| | - Ronald F Wolf
- The Oregon Clinic, Portland, OR 97213 USA ; Providence Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer Program, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR 97213 USA
| | - Paul D Hansen
- The Oregon Clinic, Portland, OR 97213 USA ; Providence Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer Program, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR 97213 USA
| | - Chet Hammill
- The Oregon Clinic, Portland, OR 97213 USA ; Providence Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer Program, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR 97213 USA
| | | | - Yue-Yun To
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR 97213 USA
| | - Amy Greathouse
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR 97213 USA
| | - Garth Tormoen
- Oregon Health and Sciences University, Sam Jackson Parkway, Portland, OR USA
| | - Zeljka Jutric
- Providence Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer Program, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR 97213 USA
| | - Kristina Young
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR 97213 USA ; The Oregon Clinic, Portland, OR 97213 USA
| | - Keith S Bahjat
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR 97213 USA
| | - Michael J Gough
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR 97213 USA
| | - Marka R Crittenden
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR 97213 USA ; The Oregon Clinic, Portland, OR 97213 USA
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Clutter MR, Heffner GC, Krutzik PO, Sachen KL, Nolan GP. Tyramide signal amplification for analysis of kinase activity by intracellular flow cytometry. Cytometry A 2011; 77:1020-31. [PMID: 20824632 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular flow cytometry permits quantitation of diverse molecular targets at the single-cell level. However, limitations in detection sensitivity inherently restrict the method, sometimes resulting in the inability to measure proteins of very low abundance or to differentiate cells expressing subtly different protein concentrations. To improve these measurements, an enzymatic amplification approach called tyramide signal amplification (TSA) was optimized for assessment of intracellular kinase cascades. First, Pacific Blue, Pacific Orange, and Alexa Fluor 488 tyramide reporters were shown to exhibit low nonspecific binding in permeabilized cells. Next, the effects of antibody concentration, tyramide concentration, and reaction time on assay resolution were characterized. Use of optimized TSA resulted in a 10-fold or greater improvement in measurement resolution of endogenous Erk and Stat cell signaling pathways relative to standard, nonamplified detection. TSA also enhanced assay sensitivity and, in conjunction with fluorescent cell barcoding, improved assay performance according to a metric used to evaluate high-throughput drug screens. TSA was used to profile Stat1 phosphorylation in primary immune system cells, which revealed heterogeneity in various populations, including CD4+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. We anticipate the approach will be broadly applicable to intracellular flow cytometry assays with low signal-to-noise ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Clutter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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High-content single-cell drug screening with phosphospecific flow cytometry. Nat Chem Biol 2007; 4:132-42. [DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2007.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Accepted: 10/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kang CC, Chang CC, Chang TC, Liao LJ, Lou PJ, Xie W, Yeung ES. A handheld device for potential point-of-care screening of cancer. Analyst 2007; 132:745-9. [PMID: 17646873 DOI: 10.1039/b617733f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple handheld device based on the fluorescence analysis of 3,6-bis(1-methyl-4-vinylpyridinium)carbazole diiodide (BMVC) stained cells was established for routine screening and potentially for early detection of cancer cells at extremely low cost. Flow cytometry assay further supported the utility of this simple device, where a preliminary study of tissue biopsy showed highly encouraging results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chih Kang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 23-166, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Republic of China
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Krutzik PO, Nolan GP. Fluorescent cell barcoding in flow cytometry allows high-throughput drug screening and signaling profiling. Nat Methods 2006; 3:361-8. [PMID: 16628206 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2006] [Accepted: 03/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry allows high-content, multiparameter analysis of single cells, making it a promising tool for drug discovery and profiling of intracellular signaling. To add high-throughput capacity to flow cytometry, we developed a cell-based multiplexing technique called fluorescent cell barcoding (FCB). In FCB, each sample is labeled with a different signature, or barcode, of fluorescence intensity and emission wavelengths, and mixed with other samples before antibody staining and analysis by flow cytometry. Using three FCB fluorophores, we were able to barcode and combine entire 96-well plates, reducing antibody consumption 100-fold and acquisition time to 5-15 min per plate. Using FCB and phospho-specific flow cytometry, we screened a small-molecule library for inhibitors of T cell-receptor and cytokine signaling, simultaneously determining compound efficacy and selectivity. We also analyzed IFN-gamma signaling in multiple cell types from primary mouse splenocytes, revealing differences in sensitivity and kinetics between B cells, CD4+ and CD4- T cells and CD11b-hi cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter O Krutzik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baxter Laboratory in Genetic Pharmacology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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