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Trinca RB, Vela BF, Dos Santos Vilela H, Braga RR. Ion release mechanisms in composites containing CaP particles and hydrophilic monomers. Dent Mater 2024:S0109-5641(24)00107-6. [PMID: 38772841 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of hydrophilic/permeable polymer matrices on water sorption/solubility (WS/SL), Ca2+ release, mechanical properties and hydrolytic degradation of composites containing dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) particles. METHODS Six composites were tested, all with 10 vol% of glass particles and either 30 vol% or 40 vol% DCPD. Composites containing 1BisGMA:1TEGDMA in mols (at both inorganic levels) were considered controls. Four materials were formulated where 0.25 or 0.5 of the BisGMA/TEGDMA was replaced by pyromellitic dianhydride glycerol dimethacrylate (PMGDM)/ polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDMA). Composites were tested for degree of conversion (FTIR spectroscopy), WS/SL (ISO 4049) and Ca2+ release (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy). Fracture toughness (FT) and biaxial flexural strength/modulus (BFS/FM) were determined after 24 h and 60 days in water. The contributions of diffusional and relaxational mechanisms to Ca2+ release kinetics were analyzed using the semi-empirical Salim-Peppas model. Data were analysed by ANOVA/Tukey test (alpha: 0.05). RESULTS WS/SL was higher for composites containing PMGDM/PEGDMA compared to the controls (p < 0.001). Only at 40% DCPD the 0.5 PMGDM/PEGDMA composite showed statistically higher Ca2+ release than the control. Relaxation diffusion was the main release mechanism. Initial FT was not negatively affected by matrix composition. BFS (both DCPD fractions) and FM (30% DCPD) were lower for composites with hydrophilic/permeable networks (p < 0.01). After 60 days in water, composites with PMGDM/PEGDMA presented significant reductions in FT, while all composites had reductions in BFS/FM. SIGNIFICANCE Increasing matrix hydrophilicity/permeability significantly increased Ca2+ release only at a high DCPD fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Bergamo Trinca
- University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Fonseca Vela
- University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Handially Dos Santos Vilela
- University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Roberto Ruggiero Braga
- University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
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Campos AL, Vela BF, Pires Silva Borges L, Trinca RB, Pfeifer CS, Braga RR. Compositional boundaries for functional dental composites containing calcium orthophosphate particles. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 144:105928. [PMID: 37302206 PMCID: PMC10330647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the interrelationships among handling, degree of conversion (DC), mechanical behavior and Ca2+ release of composites containing dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD, CaHPO4.2H2O), as a function of total inorganic content and DCPD: glass ratio. METHODS Twenty-one formulations (1 BisGMA: 1 TEGDMA, in mols) with inorganic fractions ranging from zero to 50 vol% and different DCPD: glass ratios were evaluated for viscosity (parallel plate rheometer, n = 3), DC (near-FTIR spectroscopy, n = 3), fracture toughness/K1C (single-edge notched beam, n = 7-11) and 14-day Ca2+ release (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, n = 3). Data were analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey test (except viscosity, where Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn tests were used, α: 0.05). RESULTS Viscosity and DC increased with DCPD: glass ratio among composites with the same inorganic content (p < 0.001). At inorganic fractions of 40 vol% and 50 vol%, keeping DCPD content at a maximum of 30 vol% did not compromise K1C. Ca2+ release showed an exponential relationship with DCPD mass fraction in the formulation (R2 = 0.986). After 14 days, a maximum of 3.8% of the Ca2+ mass in the specimen was released. CONCLUSION Formulations containing 30 vol% DCPD and 10-20 vol% glass represent the best compromise between viscosity, K1C and Ca2+ release. Materials with 40 vol% DCPD should not be disregarded, bearing in mind that Ca2+ release will be maximized at the expense of K1C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Lopes Campos
- University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz Fonseca Vela
- University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Lincoln Pires Silva Borges
- Oregon Health & Science University School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Integrative Biosciences, Division of Biomaterials and Biomedical Sciences, 2730 S Moody Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
| | - Rafael Bergamo Trinca
- University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Carmem Silvia Pfeifer
- Oregon Health & Science University School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Integrative Biosciences, Division of Biomaterials and Biomedical Sciences, 2730 S Moody Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
| | - Roberto Ruggiero Braga
- University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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Engineered Stone Produced with Glass Packaging Waste, Quartz Powder, and Epoxy Resin. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14127227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Engineered stone (ENS) is a type of artificial stone composed of stone wastes bonded together by a polymeric matrix. ENS presents a profitable alternative for solid waste management, since its production adds value to the waste by reusing it as raw material and reduces environmental waste disposal. The present work’s main goal is to produce an ENS based on quartz powder waste, glass packaging waste, and epoxy resin. The wastes were size-distributed by the fine sieving method. Then, the closest-packed granulometric mixture, as well as the minimum amount of resin that would fill the voids of these mixtures, was calculated. ENS plates were prepared with 15%wt (ENS-15) and 20%wt (ENS-20) epoxy resin by vibration, compression (10 tons for 20 min at 90 °C), and vacuum of 600 mmHg. The plates were sanded and cut for physical, chemical, and mechanical tests. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of fractured specimens was performed. ENS-15 presented 2.26 g/cm3 density, 0.1% water absorption, 0.21% apparent porosity, and 33.5 MPa bend strength and was resistant to several chemical and staining agents. The results classified ENS as a high-quality coating material, technically and economically viable, with properties similar to commercial artificial stones. Therefore, the development of ENS based on waste glass and quartz powder meets the concept of sustainable development, as this proposed novel material could be marketed as a building material and simultaneously minimize the amount of these wastes that are currently disposed of in landfills.
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Putra NE, Borg KGN, Diaz-Payno PJ, Leeflang MA, Klimopoulou M, Taheri P, Mol JMC, Fratila-Apachitei LE, Huan Z, Chang J, Zhou J, Zadpoor AA. Additive manufacturing of bioactive and biodegradable porous iron-akermanite composites for bone regeneration. Acta Biomater 2022; 148:355-373. [PMID: 35690326 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Advanced additive manufacturing techniques have been recently used to tackle the two fundamental challenges of biodegradable Fe-based bone-substituting materials, namely low rate of biodegradation and insufficient bioactivity. While additively manufactured porous iron has been somewhat successful in addressing the first challenge, the limited bioactivity of these biomaterials hinder their progress towards clinical application. Herein, we used extrusion-based 3D printing for additive manufacturing of iron-matrix composites containing silicate-based bioceramic particles (akermanite), thereby addressing both of the abovementioned challenges. We developed inks that carried iron and 5, 10, 15, or 20 vol% of akermanite powder mixtures for the 3D printing process and optimized the debinding and sintering steps to produce geometrically-ordered iron-akermanite composites with an open porosity of 69-71%. The composite scaffolds preserved the designed geometry and the original α-Fe and akermanite phases. The in vitro biodegradation rates of the composites were improved as much as 2.6 times the biodegradation rate of geometrically identical pure iron. The yield strengths and elastic moduli of the scaffolds remained within the range of the mechanical properties of the cancellous bone, even after 28 days of biodegradation. The composite scaffolds (10-20 vol% akermanite) demonstrated improved MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion and higher levels of cell proliferation. The cellular secretion of collagen type-1 and the alkaline phosphatase activity on the composite scaffolds (10-20 vol% akermanite) were, respectively higher than and comparable to Ti6Al4V in osteogenic medium. Taken together, these results clearly show the potential of 3D printed porous iron-akermanite composites for further development as promising bone substitutes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: : Porous iron matrix composites containing akermanite particles were produced by means of multi-material additive manufacturing to address the two fundamental challenges associated with biodegradable iron-based biomaterials, namely very low rate of biodegradation and insufficient bioactivity. Our porous iron-akermanite composites exhibited enhanced biodegradability and superior bioactivity compared to porous monolithic iron scaffolds. The murine bone cells proliferated on the composite scaffolds, and secreted the collagen type-1 matrix that stimulated bony-like mineralization. The results show the exceptional potential of the developed porous iron-based composite scaffolds for application as bone substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Putra
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - K G N Borg
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - P J Diaz-Payno
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands; Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, Netherlands
| | - M A Leeflang
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - M Klimopoulou
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - P Taheri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - J M C Mol
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - L E Fratila-Apachitei
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Z Huan
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - J Chang
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - J Zhou
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - A A Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
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Comparison between Synthetic and Biodegradable Polymer Matrices on the Development of Quartzite Waste-Based Artificial Stone. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14116388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of artificial stone from the agglutination of polymeric resin using industrial wastes can be a viable alternative from a technical, economic, and sustainable point of view. The main objective of the present work was to evaluate the physical, mechanical, and structural properties of artificial stones based on quartzite waste added into a synthetic, epoxy, or biodegradable polyurethane polymer matrix. Artificial stone plates were produced through the vacuum vibration and compression method, using 85 wt% of quartzite waste. The material was manufactured under the following conditions: 3 MPa compaction pressure and 90 and 80 °C curing temperature. The samples were characterized to evaluate physical and mechanical parameters and microstructure properties. As a result, the artificial stone plates developed obtained ≤0.16% water absorption, ≤0.38% porosity, and 26.96 and 10.7 MPa flexural strength (epoxy and polyurethane resin, respectively). A wear test established both artificial quartzite stone with epoxy resin (AS-EP) and vegetable polyurethane resin (AS-PU) high traffic materials. Hard body impact resistance classified AS-EP as a low height material and AS-PU as a very high height material. The petrographic slides analysis revealed that AS-EP has the best load distribution. We concluded the feasibility of manufacturing artificial stone, which would minimize the environmental impacts that would be caused by this waste disposal. We concluded that the production of artificial rock shows the potential and that it also helps to reduce environmental impacts.
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Development of Sustainable Artificial Stone Using Granite Waste and Biodegradable Polyurethane from Castor Oil. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14116380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Brazil is one of the world’s major ornamental stone producers. As a consequence, ornamental stone wastes are generated on a large scale and are usually open air disposed. Thus, it is important to develop novel material reusing these accumulated wastes, aiming to minimize environmental impact. The development of artificial stones made with ornamental stone wastes agglomerated by a synthetic polymer represents an excellent alternative and, therefore, is currently the subject of several works. This work seeks to develop an innovative artificial stone containing 85%wt of granite waste and 15%wt of vegetable polyurethane from castor oil, a biodegradable resin, from a renewable source. The purpose is creating a sustainable material, technically viable to be applied as a civil construction coating. To manufacture the artificial stone plates, granite and polyurethane were mixed and transferred to a metallic mold subjected to vibration, vacuum and, later, hot compression. The artificial stone presented low water absorption (0.13%) and apparent porosity (0.31%) as well as a favorable 17.31 MPa bend strength. These results were confirmed through the excellent particles/matrix adhesion displayed in the micrographs, in addition to great chemical resistance.
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Albeshir EG, Alsahafi R, Albluwi R, Balhaddad AA, Mitwalli H, Oates TW, Hack GD, Sun J, Weir MD, Xu HHK. Low-Shrinkage Resin Matrices in Restorative Dentistry-Narrative Review. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15082951. [PMID: 35454643 PMCID: PMC9029384 DOI: 10.3390/ma15082951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dimethacrylate-based resin composites restorations have become widely-used intraoral materials in daily dental practice. The increasing use of composites has greatly enhanced modern preventive and conservative dentistry. They have many superior features, especially esthetic properties, bondability, and elimination of mercury and galvanic currents. However, polymeric materials are highly susceptible to polymerization shrinkage and stresses that lead to microleakage, biofilm formation, secondary caries, and restoration loss. Several techniques have been investigated to minimize the side effects of these shrinkage stresses. The primary approach is through fabrications and modification of the resin matrices. Therefore, this review article focuses on the methods for testing the shrinkage, as well as formulations of resinous matrices available to reduce polymerization shrinkage and its associated stress. Furthermore, this article reviews recent cutting-edge developments on bioactive low-shrinkage-stress nanocomposites to effectively inhibit the growth and activities of cariogenic pathogens and enhance the remineralization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtehal G. Albeshir
- Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (E.G.A.); (R.A.)
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Ministiry of National Guard—Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia;
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministiry of National Guard—Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed Alsahafi
- Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (E.G.A.); (R.A.)
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Albluwi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Ministiry of National Guard—Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia;
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministiry of National Guard—Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Heba Mitwalli
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Thomas W. Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.W.O.); (G.D.H.)
| | - Gary D. Hack
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.W.O.); (G.D.H.)
| | - Jirun Sun
- The Forsyth Institute, A Harvard School of Dental Medicine Affiliate, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (M.D.W.); (H.H.K.X.)
| | - Michael D. Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.W.O.); (G.D.H.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (M.D.W.); (H.H.K.X.)
| | - Hockin H. K. Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.W.O.); (G.D.H.)
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (M.D.W.); (H.H.K.X.)
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Peixoto J, Carvalho EAS, Gomes MLPM, da Silva Guimarães R, Monteiro SN, de Azevedo ARG, Vieira CMF. Incorporation of Industrial Glass Waste into Polymeric Resin to Develop Artificial Stones for Civil Construction. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-021-06071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Industrial Implementation of Aluminum Trihydrate-Fiber Composition for Fire Resistance and Mechanical Properties in Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Roofs. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071273. [PMID: 35406147 PMCID: PMC9003114 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
It is difficult to obtain suitable fire resistance and mechanical properties for glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) roof material in industrial applications. Although some efforts to improve the fire resistance properties of GFRP have been carried out, in practice this sometimes degrades the mechanical properties. Therefore, the base materials, such as filler and reinforcing fiber, must be appropriately combined to simultaneously improve both fire resistance and mechanical properties. The present study examines improvements in GFRP roof material by investigating the effect of aluminium trihydrate (ATH) as a filler and the combination of a chopped strand mat (CSM) with woven roving (WR) and stitched mat (STM) fibers as the reinforcement in a composite GFRP roof structure. The roof samples were prepared following industrial machine standards using the specified materials. The mechanical properties of GFRP were evaluated using tensile, flexural and impact tests, following ASTM D638, ASTM D790 and ASTM D256 standards, respectively. The fire properties were examined through fire tests following the ASTM D635 standard. The results show that the GFRP roof composed of CSM/WR fibers had a 40% higher tensile strength (103.5 MPa) compared with the GFRP roof without CSM fibers (73.8 MPa). The flexural strength of the GFRP roof with CSM/WR fibers was also 57% higher than the roof without fibers, with a ratio of 315.61 MPa to 201 MPa. With the use of CSM/WR fibers, the fire resistance also increased by 23%, resulting in a ratio of 4.31 mm/min to 5.32 mm/min. These results demonstrate that the combination of CSM/WR fibers as a reinforcement would be an excellent option for producing an improved GFRP roof with better industrial properties, especially when producing improved GFRP roofs using a continuous lamination machine.
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Safwat EM, Khater AGA, Abd-Elsatar AG, Khater GA. Glass fiber-reinforced composites in dentistry. BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE 2021; 45:190. [DOI: 10.1186/s42269-021-00650-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Enormous improvements in dental materials’ manufacturing for the aim of producing durable dental materials without compromising the aesthetic properties were developed. One of the approaches that fulfill this aim is the use of reinforcing glass fibers as fillers into dental materials, typically resin polymers, in order to obtain glass fiber-reinforced composites. Glass fiber-reinforced composite offered many advantages to the dental materials though some limitations were recorded in many literature.
Methods
In this review, a study of the glass fibers’ types, factors affecting the properties and the properties of glass fibers reinforced materials was carried out; in addition, research papers that experimentally studied their applications in dentistry were presented.
Conclusion
The success of glass fibers reinforced composites in dentistry depends on glass fibers’ composition, orientation, distribution, amount, length and adhesion; these factors once employed according to the required clinical situation would provide the essential reinforcement to the dental restorations and appliances.
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Liu J, Zhang H, Sun H, Liu Y, Liu W, Su B, Li S. The Development of Filler Morphology in Dental Resin Composites: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:5612. [PMID: 34640020 PMCID: PMC8509641 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dental resin composites (DRCs) with diverse fillers added are widely-used restorative materials to repair tooth defects. The addition of fillers brings an improvement in the mechanical properties of DRCs. In the past decade, diverse fillers have emerged. However, the change of emerging fillers mainly focuses on the chemical composition, while the morphologic characteristics changes are often ignored. The fillers with new morphologies not only have the advantages of traditional fillers (particles, fibrous filler, etc.), but also endow some additional functional characteristics (stronger bonding ability to resin matrix, polymerization resistance, and wear resistance, drug release control ability, etc.). Moreover, some new morphologies are closely related to the improvement of traditional fillers, porous filler vs. glass particles, core-sheath fibrous vs. fibrous, etc. Some other new morphology fillers are combinations of traditional fillers, UHA vs. HA particles and fibrous, tetrapod-like whisker vs. whisker and fibrous filler, mesoporous silica vs. porous and silica particles. In this review, we give an overall description and a preliminary summary of the fillers, as well as our perspectives on the future direction of the development of novel fillers for next-generation DRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Materials, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (J.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.)
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Materials, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (J.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Huijun Sun
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK; (H.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Yanru Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Materials, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (J.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Wenlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Materials, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (J.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Bo Su
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK; (H.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Shibao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Materials, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (J.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.)
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Dai Q, Weir MD, Ruan J, Liu J, Gao J, Lynch CD, Oates TW, Li Y, Chang X, Xu HHK. Effect of co-precipitation plus spray-drying of nano-CaF 2 on mechanical and fluoride properties of nanocomposite. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1009-1019. [PMID: 33879343 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fluoride (F)-releasing restoratives typically are either weak mechanically or release only low levels of F ions. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a novel photo-cured nanocomposite with strong mechanical properties and high levels of sustained F ion release via a two-step "co-precipitation + spray-drying" technique to synthesize CaF2 nanoparticles (nCaF2); and (2) investigate the effect of spray-drying treatment after co-precipitation of nCaF2 on mechanical properties and F ion release of composite. METHODS Two types of CaF2 particles were synthesized: A co-precipitation method yielded CaF2cp; "co-precipitation + spray-drying" yielded nCaF2cpsd. Composites were fabricated with fillers of: (1) 0% CaF2 + 70% glass; (2) 10% CaF2cp + 60% glass; (3) 15% CaF2cp + 55% glass; (4) 20% CaF2cp + 50% glass; (5) 10% nCaF2cpsd + 60% glass; (6) 15% nCaF2cpsd + 55% glass; and (7) 20% nCaF2cpsd + 50% glass. A commercial F-releasing nanocomposite served as control. RESULTS The nCaF2cpsd had much smaller particle size (median = 32 nm) and narrower distribution (22-57 nm) than CaF2cp (median = 5.25 μm, 162 nm-67 μm). The composite containing nCaF2cpsd had greater flowability, flexural strength, elastic modulus and hardness than CaF2cp composite and commercial control composite. At 84-day immersion in water, the nanocomposites containing 20% nCaF2cpsd had 65 times higher cumulative F release, and 77 times greater long-term F-release rate, than commercial control. CONCLUSIONS A novel two-step "co-precipitation + spray-drying" technique of synthesizing nCaF2 was developed. The photo-cured nanocomposite containing 20% nCaF2cpsd possessed strong mechanical properties and excellent long-term F-release ability, and hence is promising for dental restoration applications to inhibit secondary caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Dai
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China; Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21021, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21021, USA
| | - Jianping Ruan
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China; Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21021, USA
| | - Jianghong Gao
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China; Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21021, USA
| | - Christopher D Lynch
- Restorative Dentistry, University Dental School and Hospital, University College Cork, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomas W Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21021, USA
| | - Yuncong Li
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Chang
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21021, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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A review on tribo-mechanical properties of micro- and nanoparticulate-filled nylon composites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2020-0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Nylon composites are of evolving interest due to their good strength, toughness, and low coefficient of friction. Various fillers like micro- and nanoparticulates of metals and metal compounds were used to enhance the mechanical and tribological properties of nylons for many years by researchers. In this paper, an overall understanding of composites, filler materials, especially particulate filler materials, application areas of polymer composites, wear of polymers, and the effect of various fillers on tribo-mechanical properties of nylons have been discussed. The detailed review is limited to micro- and nanoparticulate fillers and their influence on the mechanical and tribological properties of various nylon matrices.
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Characterisation of mechanical and surface properties of novel biomimetic interpenetrating alumina-polycarbonate composite materials. Dent Mater 2020; 36:1595-1607. [PMID: 33187770 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the mechanical and surface characteristics of two novel biomimetic interpenetrating phase alumina-polycarbonate (Al2O3-PC) composite materials, comprising aligned honeycomb-like porous ceramic preforms infiltrated with polycarbonate polymer. METHOD Two composite materials were produced and characterised. Each comprised a porous structure with a ceramic-rich (polymer-poor) top layer, graduated through to a more porous ceramic-poor (polymer-rich) bottom layer. In addition, pure polycarbonate and dense alumina specimens were subjected to the same characterisation namely: density, compression, three-point bend, hardness, surface loss and surface roughness testing. Scanning electron microscopy and micro computerised tomography were employed for structural examination. RESULTS Three-dimensional aligned honeycomb-like ceramic structures were produced and full interpenetration of the polymer phase was observed using MicroCT. Depending on the ceramic volume in the initial aqueous ceramic suspension, the density of the final interpenetrating composites ranged from 2.64 to 3.01g/cm3, compressive strength ranged from 192.43 to 274.91MPa, flexural strength from 105.54 to 148.47MPa, fracture toughness from 2.17 to 3.11MPa.m½, hardness from 0.82 to 1.52GPa, surface loss from 0.71 to 1.40μm and surface roughness, following tooth brushing, from 0.70 to 0.99μm. Composite specimens showed characteristic properties part way between enamel and polycarbonate. SIGNIFICANCE There was a correlation between the initial solid ceramic loading in the aqueous suspension, used to produce the porous ceramic scaffolds, and the subsequent characteristic properties of the composite materials. These novel composites show potential as aesthetic orthodontic bracket materials, as their properties fit part way between those of ceramic, enamel and polycarbonate.
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Effect of particle reinforcement on the progressive failure of alumina trihydrate filled Poly(Methyl methacrylate). POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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The synergistic effects of SrF 2 nanoparticles, YSZ nanoparticles, and poly-ε-l-lysin on physicomechanical, ion release, and antibacterial-cellular behavior of the flowable dental composites. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 109:110592. [PMID: 32228986 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Resin-based pit-and-fissure sealants (flowable resin composites) were formulated using bisphenol-A-glycerolatedimethacrylate (Bis-GMA)-triethylene glycol dimethacrylate-(TEGDMA)-diurethanedimethacrylate (UDMA) mixed monomers and multiple fillers, including synthetic strontium fluoride (SrF2) nanoparticles as a fluoride-releasing and antibacterial agent, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) nanoparticles as an auxiliary filler, and poly-ε-l-lysin (ε-PL) as an auxiliary antibacterial agent. Based on the physical, mechanical and initial antibacterial properties, the formulated nano-sealant containing 5 wt% SrF2, 5 wt% YSZ and 0.5 wt% ε-PL was selected as the optimal specimen and examined for ion release and cytotoxicity. The results showed an average release rate of 0.87 μg·cm-2·day-1 in the aqueous medium (pH 6.9) and 1.58 μg·cm-2·day-1 in acidic medium (pH 4.0). The maximum cytotoxicity of 20% toward human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was observed according to the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) cytotoxicity assay and acridine orange staining test. A synergy between SrF2 nanoparticles and ε-PL exhibited a better antibacterial activity in terms of colony reduction compared to the other samples. However, the inclusion of SrF2 and ε-PL caused mechanically weakening of the sealants that was partly compensated by incorporation of YSZ nanoparticles (up to 10 wt%).
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Müller M, Valášek P, Kolář V, Šleger V, Gürdil GAK, Hromasová M, Hloch S, Moravec J, Pexa M. Material Utilization of Cotton Post-Harvest Line Residues in Polymeric Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11071106. [PMID: 31261974 PMCID: PMC6680590 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper deals with a research focused on utilization of microparticle and short-fiber filler based on cotton post-harvest line residues in an area of polymeric composites. Two different fractions of the biological filler (FCR—reinforced cotton filler) of 20 and 100 µm and the filler with short fibers of a length of 700 µm were used in the research. The aim of the research was to evaluate mechanical characteristics of composites and adhesive bonds for the purpose of gaining new pieces of knowledge which will be applicable in the area of material engineering and assessing application possibilities of residues coming into being from agricultural products processing. Mechanical properties of the composite material produced by a vacuum infusion and tested at temperatures 20, 40, and 60 °C and adhesive bonds which were exposed to a low-cyclic loading, i.e., 1000 cycles at 30% to 70% from reference value of the maximum strength, were evaluated. Composite systems with the FCR adjusted in 5% water solution of NaOH showed higher strength values on average compared to untreated FCR. Unsuitable size of the FCR led to a deterioration of the strength. The filler in the form of 700 FCR microfibers showed itself in a positive way to composite materials, and the particle in the form of 20 FCR did the same to adhesive bonds. Results of adhesive bond cyclic tests at higher stress values (70%) demonstrated viscoelastic behavior of the adhesive layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Müller
- Department of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Valášek
- Department of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Viktor Kolář
- Department of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Šleger
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Gürkan Alp Kagan Gürdil
- Department of Agricultural Machines and Technologies Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Körfez Mah.Atakum 55139, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Monika Hromasová
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Sergej Hloch
- Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies, Technical University of Kosice with a seat in Prešov, Bayerova 1, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Jaromír Moravec
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studenstká 2, 461 17 Liberec 1, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pexa
- Department for Quality and Dependability of Machines, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic
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Wu X, Yang X, Yu R, Zhao XJ, Zhang Y, Huang W. Highly crosslinked and uniform thermoset epoxy microspheres: Preparation and toughening study. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Habib E, Wang R, Wang Y, Zhu M, Zhu XX. Inorganic Fillers for Dental Resin Composites: Present and Future. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 2:1-11. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Habib
- Department
of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ruili Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yazi Wang
- State
Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials,
College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials,
College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - X. X. Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Zhang L, Weir MD, Hack G, Fouad AF, Xu HHK. Rechargeable dental adhesive with calcium phosphate nanoparticles for long-term ion release. J Dent 2015; 43:1587-95. [PMID: 26144190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The tooth-resin bond is the weak link of restoration, with secondary caries as a main reason for failure. Calcium phosphate-containing resins are promising for remineralization; however, calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ion releases last only a couple of months. The objectives of this study were to develop the first rechargeable CaP bonding agent and investigate the key factors that determine CaP ion recharge and re-release. METHODS Nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) were synthesized. Pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate (PMGDM), ethoxylated bisphenol-A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and bisphenol-A glycidyl dimethacrylate (BisGMA) were used to synthesize three adhesives (denoted PE, PEH and PEHB). NACP were mixed into adhesive at 0-30% by mass. Dentin shear bond strengths were measured. Adhesive specimens were tested for Ca and P initial ion release. Then the ion-exhausted specimens were immersed in Ca and P solution to recharge the specimens, and the recharged specimens were then used to measure ion re-release for 7 days as one cycle. Then these specimens were again recharged and the re-release was measured for 7 days as the second cycle. Three recharge/re-release cycles were tested. RESULTS PEHB had the highest dentin bond strength (p<0.05). Increasing NACP content from 0 to 30% did not affect dentin bond strength (p>0.1), but increased CaP release and re-release (p<0.05). PEHB-NACP had the greatest recharge/re-release, and PE-NACP had the least (p<0.05). Ion release remained high and did not decrease with increasing the number of recharge/re-release cycles (p>0.1). After the third cycle, specimens without further recharge had continuous CaP ion release for 2-3 weeks. SIGNIFICANCE Rechargeable CaP bonding agents were developed for the first time to provide long-term Ca and P ions to promote remineralization and reduce caries. Incorporation of NACP into adhesive had no negative effect on dentin bond strength. Increasing NACP filler level increased the ion recharge and re-release capability. The new CaP recharge method and PMGDM-EBPADMA-NACP composition may have wide application in adhesives, composites and cements, to combat caries and remineralize lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- State Key laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Gary Hack
- Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ashraf F Fouad
- Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA.
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Khan AS, Azam MT, Khan M, Mian SA, Rehman IU. An update on glass fiber dental restorative composites: A systematic review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 47:26-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Marovic D, Tarle Z, Hiller KA, Müller R, Rosentritt M, Skrtic D, Schmalz G. Reinforcement of experimental composite materials based on amorphous calcium phosphate with inert fillers. Dent Mater 2014; 30:1052-60. [PMID: 25015877 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine the influence of the addition of glass fillers with different sizes and degrees of silanization percentages to remineralizing composite materials based on amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP). METHODS Four different materials were tested in this study. Three ACP based materials: 0-ACP (40 wt% ACP, 60 wt% resin), Ba-ACP (40 wt% ACP, 50 wt% resin, 10 wt% barium-glass) and Sr-ACP (40 wt% ACP, 50 wt% resin, 10 wt% strontium-glass) were compared to the control material, resin modified glass ionomer (Fuji II LC capsule, GC, Japan). The fillers and composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. Flexural strength and modulus were determined using a three-point bending test. Calcium and phosphate ion release from ACP based composites was measured using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. RESULTS The addition of barium-glass fillers (35.4 (29.1-42.1) MPa) (median (25-75%)) had improved the flexural strength in comparison to the 0-ACP (24.8 (20.8-36.9) MPa) and glass ionomer control (33.1 (29.7-36.2) MPa). The admixture of strontium-glass (20.3 (19.5-22.2) MPa) did not have any effect on flexural strength, but significantly improved its flexural modulus (6.4 (4.8-6.9) GPa) in comparison to 0-ACP (3.9 (3.4-4.1) GPa) and Ba-ACP (4.6 (4.2-6.9) GPa). Ion release kinetics was not affected by the addition of inert fillers to the ACP composites. SIGNIFICANCE Incorporation of barium-glass fillers to the composition of ACP composites contributed to the improvement of flexural strength and modulus, with no adverse influence on ion release profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Marovic
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Zrinka Tarle
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Karl-Anton Hiller
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Müller
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Rosentritt
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Drago Skrtic
- Dr. Anthony Volpe Research Center, ADA Foundation, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Gottfried Schmalz
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Germany
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Alsharif SO, Bin Md Akil H, Abbas Abd El-Aziz N, Arifin Bin Ahmad Z. Effect of alumina particles loading on the mechanical properties of light-cured dental resin composites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2013.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Effect of silanized nanosilica addition on remineralizing and mechanical properties of experimental composite materials with amorphous calcium phosphate. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 18:783-92. [PMID: 23868293 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-1044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Experimental composite resins with amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) have the potential to regenerate demineralized tooth structures. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the addition of silanized silica nanofillers to the ACP-based composites on their mechanical properties and the kinetics of calcium and phosphate release. MATERIALS AND METHODS The test materials comprised 5 wt% (5-ACP) or 10 wt% (10-ACP) of silanized silica admixed to the 40 wt% ACP and 50 or 55 wt% resin. The ACP control (0-ACP) contained 40 wt% ACP and 60 wt% resin. Additionally, composite material CeramX (Dentsply, Germany) was included as control. Three-point bending test was performed to calculate flexural strength and modulus of elasticity. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy was used for measurement of ion release. The micromorphology of calcium phosphate depositions on composite samples has been qualitatively evaluated using a scanning electron microscope. The results were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon rank sum tests (α < 0.05). RESULTS Ion release was enhanced by the silica fillers, when compared to the 0-ACP. Although not statistically significant, flexural strength of 10-ACP was improved by 46 % compared to 0-ACP. Flexural modulus of 5-ACP was significantly higher than 0-ACP. CONCLUSIONS The admixture of silanized fillers seems to be a promising approach for the improvement of mechanical and remineralizing properties of ACP composite resins. CLINICAL RELEVANCE ACP-based composite resins with modified composition could serve as an effective remineralizing aid as base materials in restorative dental medicine.
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Lezaja M, Veljovic DN, Jokic BM, Cvijovic-Alagic I, Zrilic MM, Miletic V. Effect of hydroxyapatite spheres, whiskers, and nanoparticles on mechanical properties of a model BisGMA/TEGDMA composite initially and after storage. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2013; 101:1469-76. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Lezaja
- School of Dental Medicine; University of Belgrade; Rankeova 4 11000 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Djordje N. Veljovic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy; University of Belgrade; Karnegijeva 4 11120 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Bojan M. Jokic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy; University of Belgrade; Karnegijeva 4 11120 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Ivana Cvijovic-Alagic
- Institute of Nuclear Science “Vinca”; University of Belgrade; P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Milorad M. Zrilic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy; University of Belgrade; Karnegijeva 4 11120 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Vesna Miletic
- School of Dental Medicine; University of Belgrade; Rankeova 4 11000 Belgrade Serbia
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Večeřa M, Prokůpek L, Machotová J, Šňupárek J. Some properties of composites based on vulcanized liquid polybutadiene matrix and inorganic particulate fillers. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Formation of gaps at the filler–resin interface induced by polymerization contraction stress. Dent Mater 2010; 26:719-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Shah M, Ferracane J, Kruzic J. R-curve behavior and micromechanisms of fracture in resin based dental restorative composites. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2009; 2:502-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Revised: 12/05/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bai W, Chen D, Zhang Z, Li Q, Zhang D, Xiong C. Poly(para-dioxanone)/inorganic particle composites as a novel biomaterial. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 90:945-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Mechanical properties of experimental dental composites containing a combination of mesoporous and nonporous spherical silica as fillers. Dent Mater 2009; 25:296-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2008.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2008] [Revised: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Balkenhol M, Köhler H, Orbach K, Wöstmann B. Fracture toughness of cross-linked and non-cross-linked temporary crown and fixed partial denture materials. Dent Mater 2009; 25:917-28. [PMID: 19249090 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2009.01.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Revised: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Temporary crowns and fixed partial dentures are exposed to considerable functional loading, which places severe demands on the biomaterials used for their fabrication (= temporary crown & bridge materials, t-c&b). As the longevity of biopolymers is influenced by the ability to withstand a crack propagation, the aim of this study was to investigate the fracture toughness of cross-linked and non-cross-linked t-c&bs. METHODS Four different t-c&bs (Luxatemp AM Plus, Protemp 3 Garant, Structur Premium, Trim) were used to fabricate bar shaped specimens (2mmx5mmx25mm, ISO 13586). A notch (depth 2.47mm) was placed in the center of the specimen using a diamond cutting disc and a sharp pre-crack was added using a razor blade. 60 specimens per material were subjected to different storage conditions (dry and water 37 degrees C: 30min, 60min, 4h, 24h, 168h; thermocycling 5-55 degrees C: 168h) prior to fracture (3-point bending setup). The fracture sites were inspected using SEM analysis. Data was subjected to parametric statistics (p=0.05). RESULTS The K(IC) values varied between 0.4 and 1.3MPam(0.5) depending on the material and storage time. Highest K(IC) were observed for Protemp 3 Garant. Fracture toughness was significantly affected by thermocycling for all dimethacrylates (p<0.05) except for Structur Premium. All dimethacrylates showed a linear-elastic fracture mechanism, whereas the monomethacrylate showed an elasto-plastic fracture mechanism. SIGNIFICANCE Dimethacrylates exhibit a low resistance against crack propagation immediately after curing. In contrast, monomethacrylates may compensate for crack propagation due to plastic deformation. However, K(IC) is compromised with increasing storage time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Balkenhol
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Schlangenzahl 14, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Abstract
The intent of this article is to review the numerous factors that affect the mechanical properties of particle- or fiber-filler-containing indirect dental resin composite materials. The focus will be on the effects of degradation due to aging in different media, mainly water and water and ethanol, cyclic loading, and mixed-mode loading on flexure strength and fracture toughness. Several selected papers will be examined in detail with respect to mixed and cyclic loading, and 3D tomography with multi-axial compression specimens. The main cause of failure, for most dental resin composites, is the breakdown of the resin matrix and/or the interface between the filler and the resin matrix. In clinical studies, it appears that failure in the first 5 years is a restoration issue (technique or material selection); after that time period, failure most often results from secondary decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Drummond
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612-7212, USA.
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Wang W, Sadeghipour K, Baran G. Finite element analysis of the effect of an interphase on toughening of a particle reinforced polymer composite. COMPOSITES. PART A, APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING 2008; 39:956-964. [PMID: 19492012 PMCID: PMC2614285 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A numerical method was used to study the interaction between a crack and the filler phase in a particle-reinforced polymer composite. The simulation was achieved by implementing a progressive damage-and-failure material model and element-removal technique through finite element analysis, providing a framework for the quantitative prediction of the deformation and fracture response of the composite. The effect of an interphase on composite toughness was also studied. Results show that a thin and high strength interphase results in efficient stress transfer between particle and matrix and causes the crack to deflect and propagate within the matrix. Alternatively, a thick and low strength interphase results in crack propagation within the interphase layer, and crack blunting. Further analysis of the effect of volume fraction and particle-particle interactions on fracture toughness as well as prediction of the fracture toughness can also be achieved within this framework.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - George Baran
- Mail Correspondence to: George Baran, Ph.D., Center for Bioengineering and Biomaterials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Temple University, 12th and Norris Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA, Tel: 1-215-204-8824, Fax: 1-215-204-6936,
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Ferracane JL. Buonocore Lecture. Placing dental composites--a stressful experience. Oper Dent 2008; 33:247-57. [PMID: 18505214 DOI: 10.2341/07-bl2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The setting of dental composites is accompanied by significant polymerization contraction, resulting in the generation of stresses within the material and at the tooth-restoration interface. These stresses can have a deleterious effect on marginal integrity if they exceed the adhesive strength of the restorative, as well as on the properties of the composite. It has been determined that several factors affect these stresses, including the polymerization rate of the composite, its formulation, including filler and monomer composition and the constraints imposed by the geometry of the cavity preparation. Many strategies have been developed to reduce the effect of these stresses. Changes in the formulation of the composite have included experimentation with a variety of stress relieving additives, modified catalyst compositions and alternative monomer systems. Modifications to the placement techniques have included the use of incremental curing, altered light activation schemes and resilient liners. This manuscript will review many of the important scientific and clinical issues relating to the generation and quantitation of the stresses produced in dental composites during curing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack L Ferracane
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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Guo Y, Wang M, Zhang H, Liu G, Zhang L, Qu X. The surface modification of nanosilica, preparation of nanosilica/acrylic core-shell composite latex, and its application in toughening PVC matrix. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Toughening of dimethacrylate resins by addition of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) particles. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Dikbas I, Koksal T, Unalan F, Gurbuz O, Noyun F, Kazazoglu E. Effect of Mica and Glass on Acrylic Teeth Material's Color. Dent Mater J 2006; 25:399-404. [PMID: 16916247 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.25.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of two different ratios of silanized mica filler and milled glass fiber reinforcement on the color of acrylic denture teeth materials. Ten acrylic resin discs made of acrylic denture teeth material (PMMA) obtained from the manufacturer were used as the control group. Four experimental groups were modified from the control group's PMMA material by adding a ratio of 5% or 10% by weight of silane-treated mica filler or milled glass fibers. Each group consisted of 10 specimens. Measurements were performed using a spectrophotometer CM-2600d, and the color changes were characterized in the Commission Internationale d'Eclairage L*a*b* color space. deltaE* values of 5% mica-, 10% mica-, 5% glass-, and 10% glass-containing sample groups were 2.46, 3.03, 2.16, and 2.59 respectively. There were statistically significant differences in L*, a*, and b* values between the control group and each test group. It was shown that when PMMA denture teeth material was modified with silane-treated mica filler or silane-treated milled glass fibers for the purpose of reinforcement, it would also cause significant changes to the original color of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idil Dikbas
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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