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Basheer RR, Hasanain FA, Abuelenain DA. Evaluating flexure properties, hardness, roughness and microleakage of high-strength injectable dental composite: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:546. [PMID: 38730400 PMCID: PMC11088093 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, a new generation of high-strength flowable dental composites has been introduced by manufacturers. The manufacturers claim that these materials have enhanced mechanical and physical properties and are suitable for use in a wide range of direct anterior and posterior restorations, even in high-stress bearing areas. AIM The objective of this study was to assess certain physical and mechanical properties of these recently introduced high-strength flowable composites in comparison to conventional multipurpose dental composites. METHODS Four types of high-strength flowable composites (Genial Universal FLO, Gaenial Universal Injectable, Beautifil Injectable, and Beautifil Flow Plus) were tested in experimental groups, while a nanohybrid conventional composite (Filtek Z350 XT) was used as the control. For flexure properties, ten rectangular samples (2 × 2 × 25 mm) were prepared from each composite material and subjected to 5000 cycles of thermocycling. Samples were then subjected to flexural strength testing using the universal testing machine. Another twenty disc-shaped specimens of dimensions (5 mm diameter × 2 mm thickness) were fabricated from each composite material for surface roughness (Ra) (n = 10) and hardness (VHN) test (n = 10). All samples underwent 5000 cycles of thermocycling before testing. Additionally, microleakage testing was conducted on 60 standardized class V cavities prepared on molar teeth and divided randomly into five groups (n = 12). Cavities were then filled with composite according to the manufacturer's instructions and subjected to thermocycling for 1000 cycles before testing using methylene blue solution and a stereomicroscope. RESULTS All tested materials were comparable to the control group in terms of flexural strength and surface roughness (p > 0.05), with Gaenial Universal FLO exhibiting significantly higher flexural strength compared to the other flowable composite materials tested. However, all tested materials demonstrated significantly lower elastic modulus and surface hardness than the control group (p < 0.05). The control group exhibited higher microleakage scores, while the lowest scores were observed in the Gaenial Universal FLO material (p < 0.05) CONCLUSION: The physical and mechanical behaviors of the different high-strength flowable composites investigated in this study varied. Some of these materials may serve as suitable alternatives to conventional composites in specific applications, emphasizing the importance of dentists being familiar with material properties before making material selections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha R Basheer
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Operative dentistry division, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Fatin A Hasanain
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Operative dentistry division, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia A Abuelenain
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Operative dentistry division, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Biomaterials Division, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Shu F, Chen H, Zhang Z, Dun Z, Lv W, Sun W, Liu M. Shear Bond Strength to Enamel, Mechanical Properties and Cellular Studies of Fiber-Reinforced Composites Modified by Depositing SiO 2 Nanofilms on Quartz Fibers via Atomic Layer Deposition. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:2113-2136. [PMID: 38476282 PMCID: PMC10929249 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s446584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Poor interfacial bonding between the fibers and resin matrix in fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) is a significant drawback of the composites. To enhance the mechanical properties of FRC, fibers were modified by depositing SiO2 nanofilms via the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. This study aims to evaluate the effect of ALD treatment of the fibers on the mechanical properties of the FRCs. Methods The quartz fibers were modified by depositing different cycles (50, 100, 200, and 400) of SiO2 nanofilms via the ALD technique and FRCs were proposed from the modified fibers. The morphologies, surface characterizations of nanofilms, mechanical properties, and cytocompatibility of FRCs were systematically investigated. Moreover, the shear bond strength (SBS) of FRCs to human enamel was also evaluated. Results The SEM and SE results showed that the ALD-deposited SiO2 nanofilms have good conformality and homogeneity. According to the results of FTIR and TGA, SiO2 nanofilms and quartz fiber surfaces had good chemical combinations. Three-point bending tests with FRCs showed that the deposited SiO2 nanofilms effectively improved FRCs' strength and Group D underwent 100 deposition cycles and had the highest flexural strength before and after aging. Furthermore, the strength of the FRCs demonstrated a crescendo-decrescendo tendency with SiO2 nanofilm thickness increasing. The SBS results also showed that Group D had outstanding performance. Moreover, the results of cytotoxicity experiments such as cck8, LDH and Elisa, etc., showed that the FRCs have good cytocompatibility. Conclusion Changing the number of ALD reaction cycles affects the mechanical properties of FRCs, which may be related to the stress relaxation and fracture between SiO2 nanofilm layers and the built-up internal stresses in the nanofilms. Eventually, the SiO2 nanofilms could enhance the FRCs' mechanical properties and performance to enamel by improving the interfacial bonding strength, and have good cytocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shu
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyue Dun
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijin Lv
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wangxinyue Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Bora PV, Sayed Ahmed A, Alford A, Pitttman K, Thomas V, Lawson NC. Characterization of materials used for 3D printing dental crowns and hybrid prostheses. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024; 36:220-230. [PMID: 38008797 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the filler weight percentage (wt%), filler and resin composition, flexural strength, modulus, and hardness of several 3D-printed resins to direct and indirect restorative materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four 3D-printed resins (C&B MFH, Ceramic Crown, OnX, and OnX Tough), one milled resin composite (Lava Ultimate), one conventional composite (Filtek Supreme), and one ceramic (IPS e.max CAD) were evaluated. Filler wt% was determined by the burned ash technique, and filler particle morphology and composition were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy, respectively. Organic resin composition was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Three-point bend flexural strength and modulus of the materials were determined by ISO 4049 or ISO 6872. Vickers microhardness was measured. Data were compared with a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc analysis. Linear regression analysis was performed for filler wt% versus flexural strength, modulus, and hardness. RESULTS 3D-printed resins were composed of various sized and shaped silica fillers and various types of methacrylate resins. Significant differences were found among filler wt% with some materials around 3% (C&B MFH), others between 33% and 38% (OnX Tough and OnX), others around 50% (Ceramic Crown), and some around 72% (Filtek Supreme and Lava Ultimate). All 3D-printed resins had significantly lower flexural strength, modulus, and hardness than the conventional and milled resin composites and ceramic material (p < 0.001). Filler wt% demonstrated a linear relationship with modulus (p = 0.013, R2 = 0.821) and hardness (p = 0.018, R2 = 0.787) but not flexural strength (p = 0.056, R2 = 0.551). CONCLUSIONS 3D-printed resins contain from 3% to 50% filler content. Filler wt% alone does not affect flexural strength, but strength may be affected by resin composition as well. Although the 3D-printed resins had lower flexural strength, modulus, and hardness than milled and conventional composite and ceramic, they demonstrated nonbrittle plastic behavior. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The properties of 3D-printed resins vary based on their composition, which affects their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranit V Bora
- Division of Biomaterials, UAB School of Dentistry, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Akram Sayed Ahmed
- Division of Biomaterials, UAB School of Dentistry, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Aaron Alford
- Department of Chemistry, UAB College of Arts and Sciences, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kirsten Pitttman
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, UAB School of Engineering, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Vinoy Thomas
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, UAB School of Engineering, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Nathaniel C Lawson
- Division of Biomaterials, UAB School of Dentistry, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Kobayashi M, Koi K, Wiskoski S, Watanabe H, Lewis S, Ferracane JL. Isolated effect of filler particle size on surface properties of experimental resin composites before and after toothbrush abrasion. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2023; 35:1286-1292. [PMID: 37449726 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to isolate the relationship between filler size and the surface properties of roughness and gloss before and after toothbrush abrasion for experimental resin-based composites (RBCs) containing uniform spherical fillers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five experimental light-cured RBCs with different spherical filler sizes and three commercial RBCs were studied. Forty specimens were polished using silicon carbide papers. Gloss was measured after 0, 90, 180, and 360 min of simulated toothbrushing, and surface roughness was measured before and after 360 min of toothbrushing. Two-way ANOVA/Tukey's multiple comparison tests were used to compare the RBCs, and the correlation between particle size and surface roughness or gloss was also determined. RESULTS After polishing and toothbrushing, RBCs with smaller fillers exhibited significantly higher gloss and lower surface roughness, and RBCs with larger fillers exhibited lower gloss and higher surface roughness. A significant correlation was found between filler particle size and gloss and surface roughness both before and after toothbrush abrasion. CONCLUSIONS Gloss of RBCs containing fillers with larger particle sizes was significantly reduced. After toothbrushing abrasion, the surface roughness increased for all RBCs, except those containing the finest-sized fillers. The particle size of the filler is a critical determinant of the surface roughness and gloss of RBCs, after polishing and after toothbrushing. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Increased surface roughness caused by toothbrush abrasion reduces the gloss of resin-based composites. Resin-based composites containing finer fillers best maintain glossiness after routine tooth brushing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikihiro Kobayashi
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Aesthetic Dentistry and Clinical Cariology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyono Koi
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sarah Wiskoski
- School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Hidehiko Watanabe
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Steven Lewis
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jack L Ferracane
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Al-Shami AM, Alshami MA, Al-Kholani AI, Al-Sayaghi AAM. Color stability of nanohybrid and microhybrid composites after immersion in common coloring beverages at different times: a laboratory study. BDJ Open 2023; 9:39. [PMID: 37587114 PMCID: PMC10432500 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-023-00161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/AIM This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the color stability of microhybrid and nanohybrid restorative composites after exposure to immersion media common in Yemen for different periods. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two composite materials, nanohybrid Tetric N-Ceram and microhybrid Te-Econom Plus, were investigated. Six groups of 30 cylindrical specimens (n = 5/group; diameter, 10 mm; thickness, 2 mm; shade A2) of each restorative material were immersed for 1 week in distilled water, qat solution, Yemeni coffee, traditional Yemeni coffee (qishr), red tea, and Dilsi cola. Color changes were evaluated by colorimetry. The color data and pH were measured before and 1, 3, and 7 days after immersion. The data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Tetric N-Ceram showed lesser discoloration than did Te-Econom Plus. Qat, coffee, and red tea caused highly significant discoloration than did Dilsi cola and distilled water (p < 0.05). The role of low pH in discoloration depended on the colorant. DISCUSSION Nanohybrid Tetric N-Ceram composites are more resistant to discoloration than are microhybrid Te-Econom Plus composites. Qat and coffee have the highest effect on composite discoloration. CONCLUSIONS These findings will aid in selecting composite materials and patient instruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam Mohammad Al-Shami
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Mohammad Ali Alshami
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen.
| | - Abdulwahab I Al-Kholani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
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Narkedamalli RK, Muliya VS, Pentapati KC. Staining ability of herbal tea preparations on a nano-filled composite restorative material - an in-vitro study. F1000Res 2023; 11:1376. [PMID: 37638138 PMCID: PMC10457558 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.128029.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Discoloration of tooth-colored restorations due to various factors is one of the principal causes behind the failure of aesthetics. There has been an surge in the consumption of herbal beverages in recent times and the dietary factors play a potential role in the discoloration tooth-coloured restorations. This study was done to juxtapose the staining ability of green tea (GT), moringa tea (MT), and hibiscus tea (HT) on a nano-filled composite restorative material. Methods: The study was conducted in-vitro on composite samples prepared using moulds. 112 discs were prepared from Filtek TM Z350XT composite using a brass mould lined with mylar strips. Samples were divided into GT, MT, HT, and artificial saliva (AS) groups and immersed in freshly prepared beverages for 15 minutes each day for 45 days. Digital reflectance spectrophotometer was utilized to record color at baseline, 30, and 45 days. Repeated-measures ANOVA with a post-hoc Bonferroni test was used to compare groups within each group. ANOVA with a post-hoc Games Howell test was used to compare mean differences in ΔE among the groups. Results: Maximum discoloration was observed in the GT, followed by HT and MT, with the least being in the AS group at the end of 30 and 45 days (P<0.001 and P<0.001) respectively. Conclusions: The universal nano-filled composite material showed clinically detectable discoloration when exposed to Green Tea, Hibiscus Tea, and Moringa Tea which increased with time. Herbal beverages have the potential to cause discoloration of the composite resin which is often the choice of material for anterior aesthetic restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Narkedamalli
- Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Vidya Saraswathi Muliya
- Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Kalyana Chakravarthy Pentapati
- Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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Mechanical behavior and reinforcement mechanism of nanoparticle cluster fillers in dental resin composites: Simulation and experimental study. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1801-1811. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bayrak GD, Yaman-Dosdogru E, Selvi-Kuvvetli S. The Effect of Two Different Light-Curing Units and Curing Times on Bulk-Fill Restorative Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1885. [PMID: 35567054 PMCID: PMC9104037 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two different light-curing units and curing times on the surface microhardness (SMH), compressive strength (CS), and volumetric shrinkage (VS) of four restorative materials (FiltekTM Z250, FiltekTM Bulk Fill Posterior, Beautifil® Bulk Restorative, ACTIVATM BioACTIVE). For all tests, each material was divided into two groups depending on the curing unit (Woodpecker LED-E and CarboLED), and each curing unit group was further divided into two subgroups according to curing time (10 s and 20 s). SMH was evaluated using a Vickers hardness tester, CS was tested using a universal testing machine, and VS was measured using video imaging. In all the restorative materials cured with Woodpecker LED-E, the 20 s subgroup demonstrated significantly higher SMH values than the 10 s subgroup. In both light-curing time subgroups, the CarboLED group showed significantly higher CS values than the Woodpecker LED-E group for all restorative materials except FiltekTM Bulk Fill Posterior cured for 20 s. ACTIVATM BioACTIVE showed significantly greater volumetric change than the other restorative materials. A higher curing light intensity and longer curing time had a positive effect on the SMH and CS of the restorative materials tested in this study. On the other hand, curing unit and time did not show a significant effect on the VS values of restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokcen Deniz Bayrak
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Yeditepe, Bagdat Cd. No. 238, Istanbul 34728, Turkey; (E.Y.-D.); (S.S.-K.)
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Thadathil Varghese J, Babaei B, Farrar P, Prentice L, Prusty BG. Influence of thermal and thermomechanical stimuli on a molar tooth treated with resin-based restorative dental composites. Dent Mater 2022; 38:811-823. [PMID: 35450702 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In-vivo experimental techniques to understand the biomechanical behavior of a restored tooth, under varying oral conditions, is very limited because of the invasive nature of the study and complex tooth geometry structure. Therefore, 3D-Finite element analyses are used to understand the behavior of a restored tooth under varying oral conditions. In this study, the distribution of maximum principal stress (MaxPS) and the location of MaxPS on a restored tooth using six different commercially available dental resin composites under the influence of thermal and thermomechanical stimuli are performed. METHODS An intact tooth was scanned using µ-CT and segmented to obtain separate geometric models of the tooth, including enamel and dentine. Then, a class II mesial-occlusal-distal (MOD) cavity was constructed for the tooth model. The restored tooth model was further meshed and imported to the commercial Finite Element (FE) software ANSYS. Thermal hot and cold stimuli at 50 °C and 2 °C, respectively, were applied on the occlusal and lingual surface of the tooth model with the tooth's ambient temperature set at 37 °C. A uniform loading of 400 N was applied on the occlusal surface of the tooth to imitate the masticatory forces during the cyclic thermal stimuli. RESULTS The results of this study showed that the restorative materials with higher thermal conductivity showed a lower temperature gradient between the restoration and enamel, during the application of thermal stimuli, leading to a higher value of MaxPS on the restoration. Moreover, on applying thermal stimuli, the location of MaxPS at the restoration-enamel junction (REJ) changes based on the value of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). The MaxPS distribution on the application of simultaneous thermal and mechanical stimuli was not only dependent on the elastic modulus of restorative materials but also their thermal properties such as the CTE and thermal conductivity. The weakest part of the restoration was at the REJ, as it experienced the peak stress level during the application of thermomechanical stimuli. SIGNIFICANCE The findings from this study suggest that restorative materials with lower values of elastic modulus, lower coefficient of thermal expansion and higher values of thermal conductivity result in lower stresses on the restoration. The outcomes from this study also suggest that the thermal and mechanical properties of a restorative material can have a considerable effect on the selection of restorative materials by dental clinicians over conventional restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrin Thadathil Varghese
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Behzad Babaei
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | | | - B Gangadhara Prusty
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia; ARC Centre for Automated Manufacture of Advanced Composites, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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10
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Crystalline properties and morphology of bulk-fill dental resin composites as function of light-cure protocol and composition. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04163-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lima VP, Machado JB, Zhang Y, Loomans BAC, Moraes RR. Laboratory methods to simulate the mechanical degradation of resin composite restorations. Dent Mater 2022; 38:214-229. [PMID: 34949477 PMCID: PMC9903973 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study reviewed the literature to identify in vitro approaches that have been used to simulate the mechanical degradation and fatigue of resin composite restorations. METHODS A search for articles was carried out in 4 databases and included studies in which composite restorations were bonded to teeth and subject to cyclic loading. Articles were assessed for eligibility, and the following items were the extracted from the included studies: authors, country, year, materials tested, simulation device and details including load magnitude and frequency, number of cycles, type of antagonist, test medium, and temperature. Data were analyzed descriptively. RESULTS The 49 studies included showed a high level of heterogeneity in methods, devices, and test parameters. Nineteen different simulation devices were used, applying loads varying between 30 and 2900 N, and frequencies varying between 0.4 and 12 Hz. The load and frequency used most often were ~ 50 N (63.3%) and 1.5-1.7 Hz (32.7%). The number of cycles varied between 10 K and 2.4 M, 1.2 M was the most prevalent (40.8%). The majority of studies combined cyclic loading with at least one additional aging method: static liquid storage, thermo-mechanical cycling applied simultaneously, and thermal cycling as a discrete aging step were the three most frequent methods. The overall evidence indicated reporting problems, and suggested a lack of clinical validation of the research methods used. SIGNIFICANCE Validation studies, underlying clinical supporting data, and better reporting practices are needed for further improving research on the topic. Specific suggestions for future studies are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica P Lima
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bas A C Loomans
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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12
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Maier E, Loumprinis N, Belli R, Petschelt A, Eliades G, Lohbauer U. Fracture toughness of dental incremental composite-composite interfaces at elevated temperatures. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 122:104655. [PMID: 34246080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present laboratory study was to mechanically characterize the interface between two dental resin-based composite (RBC) increments, and to investigate if elevated temperatures have an influence on the quality of the interface mimicking clinical filling procedure. Four RBCs (CLEARFIL MAJESTY™ Posterior, Kuraray (CMP)/Filtek™ Supreme XTE, 3M (FSX)/Grandio®SO, VOCO (GSO)/VisCalor® bulk, VOCO (VCB)) were tested with a fracture toughness test using Chevron notched beams (KI,CNB) at 23, 37 and 54 °C. KI,CNB specimens (3 × 4x25mm) with a V-shaped notch at the incremental interface were loaded until failure in a 4-point bending set-up. Failure modes were characterized using light microscopy, microstructural interface was analyzed using SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test, two-way ANOVA and Tukey Post-Hoc test (p = 0.05). Mean KI,CNB ranged between 0.73 ±0.14 MPam0.5 (VCB, 23 °C) and 1.11 ± 0.11 MPam0.5 (FSX, 23 °C). The tested conventional highly filled RBCs presented fracture toughness at the incremental interface comparable to the cohesive strength of the bulk materials. VCB showed reduced interfacial fracture toughness at 23 and 37 °C, but performed well at elevated temperature of 54 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Maier
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dental Clinic 1 - Operative and Restorative Dentistry, Laboratory for Dental Biomaterials, Glueckstrasse 11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Nikolaos Loumprinis
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dental Clinic 1 - Operative and Restorative Dentistry, Laboratory for Dental Biomaterials, Glueckstrasse 11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, 2 Thivon Str, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Renan Belli
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dental Clinic 1 - Operative and Restorative Dentistry, Laboratory for Dental Biomaterials, Glueckstrasse 11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anselm Petschelt
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dental Clinic 1 - Operative and Restorative Dentistry, Laboratory for Dental Biomaterials, Glueckstrasse 11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - George Eliades
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, 2 Thivon Str, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Ulrich Lohbauer
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dental Clinic 1 - Operative and Restorative Dentistry, Laboratory for Dental Biomaterials, Glueckstrasse 11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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13
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Chan SM, Guo J, Aregawi WA, Yang J, Fok A, Wang Y. Investigation of mechanical performances and polymerization shrinkage of dual-cured resin composites as core build-up material. Dent Mater J 2021; 40:1217-1225. [PMID: 34121020 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study systematically compared the mechanical performances and polymerization shrinkage of two novel dual-cured resin composites (DCRC) with one conventional packable light-cured resin composite (LCRC) for their application as core build-up material by micro-hardness test, flexural strength test, push-out test, and digital image correlation analysis. The LCRC had a significantly higher micro-hardness (p<0.05) whereas the bond strength demonstrated no difference. The mean values of three materials ranged from 35.16 and 64.82 for the Vickers hardness and from 4.66 MPa to 11.53 MPa for the bond strength. The flexure strength of the three materials was not statistically different from each other. LCRC demonstrated 1.88% of volumetric shrinkage while the two DCRC showed 5.06% and 4.91%, respectively. In general, the DCRC demonstrated a comparable flexural strength and bond strength as the LCRC, however, the significant polymerization shrinkage of DCRC should be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin Man Chan
- Hostpital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology
| | - Jiawen Guo
- Hostpital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology
| | - Wondwosen A Aregawi
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota
| | - Jiajun Yang
- Hostpital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology
| | - Alex Fok
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota
| | - Yan Wang
- Hostpital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology
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14
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Fugolin APP, Costa AR, Lewis SH, Goulart M, Erhardt MC, Pfeifer CS. Probing stress relaxation behavior in glassy methacrylate networks containing thio-carbamate additives. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:3015-3024. [PMID: 33885663 PMCID: PMC8062791 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00176k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of thiourethane prepolymer (TU) into either the organic phase or as a surface treatment for filler particles in composites reduces polymerization stress and improves fracture toughness. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the influence of the inclusion of thiourethanes on the resulting network of methacrylate-based materials polymerized via free-radical mechanisms. Dynamic mechanical analysis was used to elucidate network parameters and potential stress relaxation behavior of these networks. TU oligomers were synthesized using a combination of trimethylol-tris-3-mercaptopropionate and dicyclohexylmethane 4,4'-diisocyanate and added into composite formulations at 20 wt% replacing part of the organic matrix and/or as TU-silanes used to functionalize filler particles (TU-matrix, TU-Sil or TU-matrix/sil). Materials not containing any form of TU were used as the control (in those cases, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate was used as the silane agent). Filler was added at 50 wt%. Degree of conversion was evaluated by near-IR spectroscopy, mechanical properties by 3-point bending and rotational rheometry. Dynamic mechanical analysis was used to obtain network parameters (glass transition temperature (Tg), storage modulus, cross-link density, and breadth of tan delta a proxy for network homogeneity - temperature sweep experiments) and to evaluate the potential for network relaxation (stress relaxation). TU-containing formulations showed 10% higher DC than the control. The time to reach storage/loss modulus crossover in the rheometer experiments was significantly longer for TU-matrix and TU-matrix/sil in comparison with the control (21.6, 27.9, and 5.1 s, respectively). TU-matrix and TU-matrix/sil presented significant lower Tg than the control (151.5, 153.8, and 161.3 °C, respectively). There were no statistical differences among the groups in terms of shear modulus, cross-link density, breadth of tan delta, flexural strength/modulus, and toughness. For at least one group (TU-matrix/sil), the relaxation time was four times faster than for the control at 105 °C. The addition of TU additives into dental polymers resulted in a stark reduction in the stress relaxation time. This behavior, in tandem with the network characterization and mechanical properties seems to indicate the TU networks undergo a variety of reversible associative and dissociative chemical reactions which facilitate enhanced stress relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P P Fugolin
- Oregon Health & Science University, Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 SW Moody Ave, 6N036, Portland, OR, USA.
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15
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Lin GSS, Ghani NRNA, Ismail NH, Singbal K, Noorani TY, Mamat N. New Experimental Zirconia-Reinforced Rice Husk Nanohybrid Composite and the Outcome of Its Surface Roughness and Microhardness in Comparison with Commercialized Nanofilled and Microhybrid Composite Resins. Contemp Clin Dent 2021; 12:21-27. [PMID: 33967533 PMCID: PMC8092096 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_298_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: An ideal composite resin should demonstrate smooth surface after polishing and high hardness value to provide long-term success. Thus, this study aimed to compare the surface roughness and microhardness of new experimental zirconia-reinforced rice husk nanohybrid composite (Zr-Hybrid) with commercialized nanofilled (Filtek-Z350-XT) and microhybrid composite (Zmack-Comp) resins before and after artificial ageing. Methods: One hundred and eighty standardized disc samples were prepared, of which ninety samples each were used for surface roughness and microhardness test, respectively. They were divided equally into: Group 1 (Filtek-Z350-XT), Group 2 (Zmack-Comp), and Group 3 (Zr-Hybrid). For surface roughness test, all samples were polished with aluminium oxide discs and further subdivided into aged and unaged subgroups, in which composite samples in aged subgroups were subjected to 2500 thermal cycles. Next, all the samples were subjected to surface roughness test using a contact stylus profilometer. As for microhardness test, all the aged and unaged samples were tested using a Vickers hardness machine with a load of 300 kgf for 10 s and viewed under a digital microscope to obtain microhardness value. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey's honestly significant difference and paired sample t-test with significance level set at P = 0.05. Results: In both the aged and unaged groups, Zr-Hybrid showed statistically significantly lower surface roughness (P < 0.05) than Filtek-Z350-XT and Zmack-Comp, but no statistically significant difference was noted between Filtek-Z350-XT and Zmack-Comp (P > 0.05). A similar pattern was noted in microhardness test, whereby Zr-Hybrid showed the highest value (P < 0.05) followed by Filtek-Z350-XT and lastly Zmack-Comp. Besides, significant differences in surface roughness and microhardness were noted between the aged and unaged groups. Conclusion: Zr-Hybrid seems to demonstrate better surface roughness and microhardness value before and after artificial ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galvin Sim Siang Lin
- Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nik Rozainah Nik Abdul Ghani
- Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Noor Huda Ismail
- Prosthodontic Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Kiran Singbal
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahsa University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tahir Yusuf Noorani
- Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Noraida Mamat
- Paediatric Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
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16
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Hong G, Yang J, Jin X, Wu T, Dai S, Xie H, Chen C. Mechanical Properties of Nanohybrid Resin Composites Containing Various Mass Fractions of Modified Zirconia Particles. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9891-9907. [PMID: 33328732 PMCID: PMC7733898 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s283742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various mass fractions of 10-methacry-loyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP)-conditioned or unconditioned zirconia nano- or micro-particles with different initiator systems on the mechanical properties of nanohybrid resin composites. METHODS Both light-cured (L) and dual-cured (D) resin composites were prepared. When the mass fraction of the nano- or micro-zirconia fillers reached 55 wt%, resin composites were equipped with dual-cured initiator systems. We measured the three-point bending-strength, elastic modulus, Weibull modulus and translucency parameter of the nanohybrid resin composites containing various mass fractions of MDP-conditioned or unconditioned zirconia nano- or micro-particles (0%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 20 wt%, 30 wt% and 55 wt%). A Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8 was used to test the cell cytotoxicity of the experimental resin composites. The zirconia nano- or micro-particles with MDP-conditioning or not were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). RESULTS Resin composites containing 5-20 wt% MDP-conditioned or unconditioned nano-zirconia fillers exhibited better three-point bending-strength than the control group without zirconia fillers. Nano- or micro-zirconia fillers decreased the translucence of the nanohybrid resin composites. According to the cytotoxicity classification, all of the nano- or micro-zirconia fillers containing experimental resin composites were considered to have no significant cell cytotoxicity. The FTIR spectra of the conditioned nano- or micro-fillers showed new absorption bands at 1719 cm-1 and 1637 cm-1, indicating the successful combination of MDP and zirconia particles. The XPS analysis measured Zr-O-P peak area on MDP-conditioned nano- and micro-zirconia fillers at 39.91% and 34.89%, respectively. CONCLUSION Nano-zirconia filler improved the mechanical properties of nanohybrid resin composites, but cannot be the main filler to replace silica filler. The experimental dual-cured composites can be resin cements with better opacity effects and a low viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoying Hong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxue Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Nanotechnology in dentistry: Present and future perspectives on dental nanomaterials. Dent Mater 2020; 36:1365-1378. [PMID: 32981749 PMCID: PMC7516471 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The number of dental nanomaterials has increased significantly over the past years. A variety of commercial dental nanomaterials are available and researched. Nevertheless, how these nanomaterials work, what makes them special and whether they are superior to traditional dental materials is not always clear to dentists and researchers. The objective of this review paper is, therefore, to give an overview of the principles of nanomaterials and basic research and applications of dental nanomaterials. METHODS The fundamentals of materials science of nanomaterials as well as their advantages and disadvantages are elaborated. The most important dental nanomaterials are discussed. This is mainly based on a survey of the literature and a review of the most frequently cited scientific papers in the international peer reviewed journal Dental Materials over the past five years. The developments of commercial dental nanomaterials as well as aspects of their clinical use are considered in this review. RESULTS Nanomaterials have unique structures and properties that distinguish them from other materials. The journal Dental Materials is the journal with the highest numbers of articles and citations on the subject of dental nanomaterials. The most frequently reported dental nanomaterials are nanocomposites, nanoparticles, antimicrobial nanomaterials and bio-mineralization systems. Hallmarks of dental nanomaterials include a set of unique properties and challenges in the preparation of these materials. SIGNIFICANCE By understanding the physical principles of dental nanomaterials, their strengths, limitations and their specific benefits will be better appreciated. Dental nanomaterials have potential for the future but currently do not always exhibit superior properties, for example in clinical situations.
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18
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Development and characterisation of dental composites containing anisotropic fluorapatite bundles and rods. Dent Mater 2020; 36:1071-1085. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Lin GSS, Abdul Ghani NRN, Ismail NH, Singbal KP, Yusuff NMM. Polymerization Shrinkage and Degree of Conversion of New Zirconia-Reinforced Rice Husk Nanohybrid Composite. Eur J Dent 2020; 14:448-455. [PMID: 32599624 PMCID: PMC7440950 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to compare the polymerization shrinkage and degree of conversion of new zirconia-reinforced rice husk nanohybrid composite with commercialized microhybrid and nanofilled composites.
Materials and Methods
Overall, 180 samples were used for polymerization shrinkage (buoyancy and optical methods) and degree of conversion tests in which they were divided into Group 1, nanofilled composite (Filtek-Z350- XT; 3M ESPE, St Paul, MN 55144-1000, USA), Group 2, microhybrid composite (Zmack-Comp), and Group 3, nanohybrid composite (Zr-Hybrid). Polymerization shrinkage test was performed using buoyancy and optical methods. For buoyancy method, samples were weighed in air and water to calculate the shrinkage value, whereas, for optical method, images of nonpolymerized samples were captured under a digital microscope and recaptured again after light-cured to calculate the percentage of shrinkage. Degree of conversion was tested using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy spectrometer.
Statistical Analysis
Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance complemented by post hoc Dunnett’s T3 test for polymerization shrinkage and Tukey’s honestly significant difference test for degree of conversion. Level of significance was set at
p
< 0.05.
Results
Group 3 demonstrated similar polymerization shrinkage with Group 1, but lower shrinkage (
p
< 0.05) than Group 2 based on buoyancy method. However, optical method (
p
< 0.05) showed that Group 3 had the lowest shrinkage, followed by Group 1 and lastly Group 2. Besides, Group 3 showed a significantly higher degree of conversion (
p
< 0.05) than Group 1 and comparable conversion value with Group 2.
Conclusions
Zirconia-reinforced rice husk nanohybrid composite showed excellent shrinkage and conversion values, hence can be considered as an alternative to commercially available composite resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galvin Sim Siang Lin
- Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nik Rozainah Nik Abdul Ghani
- Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Noor Huda Ismail
- Prosthodontic Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Kiran Prabhakar Singbal
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahsa University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noraida Mamat Mohd Yusuff
- Paediatric Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Cerium Dioxide Particles to Tune Radiopacity of Dental Adhesives: Microstructural and Physico-Chemical Evaluation. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:jfb11010007. [PMID: 32053986 PMCID: PMC7151632 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The insufficient radiopacity of dental adhesives applied under composite restorations makes the radiographic diagnosis of recurrent caries challenging. Consequently, the misdiagnosis may lead to unnecessary replacement of restorations. The aims of this study were to formulate experimental dental adhesives containing cerium dioxide (CeO2) and investigate the effects of different loadings of CeO2 on their radiopacity and degree of conversion for the first time. CeO2 was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, and laser diffraction for particle size analysis. Experimental dental adhesives were formulated with CeO2 as the inorganic filler with loadings ranging from 0.36 to 5.76 vol.%. The unfilled adhesive was used as a control. The studied adhesives were evaluated for dispersion of CeO2 in the polymerized samples, degree of conversion, and radiopacity. CeO2 presented a monoclinic crystalline phase, peaks related to Ce-O bonding, and an average particle size of around 16 µm. CeO2 was dispersed in the adhesive, and the addition of these particles increased the adhesives’ radiopacity (p < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in the degree of conversion with CeO2 loadings higher than 1.44 vol.%. However, all materials showed a similar degree of conversion in comparison to commercially available adhesives. CeO2 particles were investigated for the first time as a promising compound to improve the radiopacity of the dental adhesives.
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21
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Panpisut P, Toneluck A. Monomer conversion, dimensional stability, biaxial flexural strength, and fluoride release of resin-based restorative material containing alkaline fillers. Dent Mater J 2020; 39:608-615. [PMID: 32037385 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2019-020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess monomer conversion, dimensional stability (mass and volume changes), biaxial flexural strength (BFS), and fluoride release of recently developed resin composites containing alkaline fillers (Cention N; CN) compared with resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs: Riva LC; RL and Fuji II LC; FL), and conventional composite (Z350). FL showed highest monomer conversion (88±2%) followed by RL (73±10%), CN (59±2%), and Z350 (50±2%). RL exhibited highest mass and volume increase (10.22±0.04 wt% and 19.4±0.2 vol%). CN exhibited higher BFS (180±20 MPa) than RMGICs but lower than Z350 (248±27 MPa). The highest cumulative fluoride release at 6 weeks was observed with RL (136±22 ppm) followed by CN (36±4 ppm) and FL (30±3 ppm). CN exhibited monomer conversion higher than the composite. CN also released fluoride in the range of that observed with RMGICs but with higher flexural strength.
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Watts DC. The quest for stable biomimetic repair of teeth: Technology of resin-bonded composites. Dent Mater J 2020; 39:46-51. [PMID: 31666489 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2019-201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The rationale leading to the present generation of resin composites is surveyed. There are many sub-classes such as flowable materials with specialized clinical indications. But a simplistic categorization of resin-composite materials is inappropriate. It is better to appreciate the factors that have driven recent developments. These include the search for low shrinkage composites and for greater depth of cure. Other necessary features are good handling behavior and sufficient strength for load-bearing situations. The esthetic challenge is for materials with superior and life-like optical properties and it is important to identify products that are good in every critical property. Nanotechnology has led to certain improvements, but the possibilities and limitations of nanoparticles must be appreciated. In all these developments, the structure and properties of the host tissues are a challenge and inspiration. Thus materials that can emulate the features of enamel and dentin are the goal of biomimetic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Watts
- School of Medical Sciences and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester
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23
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Dai S, Chen Y, Yang J, He F, Chen C, Xie H. Surface Treatment Of Nanozirconia Fillers To Strengthen Dental Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate-Based Resin Composites. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:9185-9197. [PMID: 32063705 PMCID: PMC6884999 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s223392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effects of nanozirconia fillers conditioned with 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) with or without zirconium hydroxide precoating on bending strength, Vickers hardness, and translucence of dental resin composites. Methods We obtained nanozirconia fillers coated with different concentrations of Zr(OH)4 using wet-chemical synthesis. We analyzed coating quality by observing electron-diffraction patterns using transmission electron microscopy. We conditioned zirconia fillers, with or without prior Zr(OH)4-coating, using MDP-containing primers and evaluated the formation of chemical bonds using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We then performed three-point bending-strength tests, Weibull analysis, Vickers hardness, and translucence-parameter analysis with or without addition of different concentrations of zirconia using untreated zirconia fillers as controls. Results We achieved desirable Zr(OH)4 coating using 5 mmol/L zirconium chloride. NMR and XPS analysis detected stronger Zr–O–P peaks on MDP-conditioned zirconia fillers with prior Zr(OH)4-coating compared with MDP-conditioned fillers alone, suggesting that MDP bonding with zirconia was enhanced by zirconium hydroxide. Our three-point bending-strength tests revealed that increasing levels of untreated zirconia fillers decreased the three-point bending strength of the resin composites, while MDP-conditioned zirconia fillers with or without prior Zr(OH)4 coating improved three-point bending strengths. Adding 5 wt% and 7.5 wt% MDP-conditioned zirconia fillers with prior Zr(OH)4 coating achieved the highest three-point bending strength. Furthermore, addition of zirconia fillers decreased the translucence of silica-based resin composites. Conclusion MDP conditioning with prior Zr(OH)4 coating is recommended for treating nanozirconia fillers of resin composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Dai
- Department of Prosthodontics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxue Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng He
- Department of Prosthodontics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Endodontics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Xie
- Department of Prosthodontics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Facenda JC, Borba M, Benetti P, Della Bona A, Corazza PH. Effect of supporting substrate on the failure behavior of a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network material. J Prosthet Dent 2019; 121:929-934. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Ekici MA, Egilmez F, Cekic-Nagas I, Ergun G. Physical characteristics of ceramic/glass-polymer based CAD/CAM materials: Effect of finishing and polishing techniques. J Adv Prosthodont 2019; 11:128-137. [PMID: 31080574 PMCID: PMC6491360 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2019.11.2.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different finishing and polishing techniques on water absorption, water solubility, and microhardness of ceramic or glass-polymer based computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials following thermocycling. MATERIALS AND METHODS 150 disc-shaped specimens were prepared from three different hybrid materials and divided into five subgroups according to the applied surface polishing techniques. All specimens were subjected up to #4000 grit SiC paper grinding. No additional polishing has been done to the control group (Group I). Other polishing procedures were as follows: Group II: two-stage diamond impregnated polishing discs; Group III: yellow colored rubber based silicone discs; Group IV: diamond polishing paste; and Group V: Aluminum oxide polishing discs. Subsequently, 5000-cycles of thermocycling were applied. The analyses were conducted after 24 hours, 7 days, and 30 days of water immersion. Water absorption and water solubility results were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests. Besides, microhardness data were compared by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (P<.05). RESULTS Surface polishing procedures had significant effects on water absorption and solubility and surface microhardness of resin ceramics (P<.05). Group IV exhibited the lowest water absorption and the highest microhardness values (P<.05). Immersion periods had no effect on the microhardness of hybrid ceramic materials (P>.05). CONCLUSION Surface finishing and polishing procedures might negatively affect physical properties of hybrid ceramic materials. Nevertheless, immersion periods do not affect the microhardness of the materials. Final polishing by using diamond polishing paste can be recommended for all CAD/CAM materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugem Asli Ekici
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ferhan Egilmez
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Isil Cekic-Nagas
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulfem Ergun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Alvanforoush N, Wong R, Burrow M, Palamara J. Fracture toughness of glass ionomers measured with two different methods. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 90:208-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Özarslan MM, Büyükkaplan UŞ, Barutcigil Ç, Özarslan M, Barutcigil K, Türker N. Assessing staining resistance of a CAD/CAM interpenetrating network composite material. Head Face Med 2018; 14:27. [PMID: 30477522 PMCID: PMC6257966 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-018-0184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Color change of dental materials over time because of staining agents has important effects on the long-term prognosis of dental esthetic treatments. In the present study, staining resistance of an interpenetrating network composite material with different translucency levels (translucent and high translucent) and various surface procedures for finishing were investigated. Methods Same shade CAD/CAM interpenetrating network composite specimens having two different translucency levels were prepared using by a water cooling cutting saw. Specimens were grouped and different finishing procedures were performed. Then, specimens were kept in distilled water, red wine and coffee for different periods. Color was evaluated before and after exposure to staining liquids using a clinical spectrophotometer. Results In the 7 days Glaze group (ΔE00 > 2.2), color difference was only perceivable in the specimens kept in red wine. In the 28 days red wine high translucent groups, only the high translucent Clinical group showed a clinically acceptable (ΔE00 < 2.2) color change. In the translucent groups kept in red wine, only the translucent Glaze group showed a clinically perceivable color change (ΔE00 > 2.2). In the 28 day measurements, all the translucent groups showed a clinically perceivable color change (ΔE00 > 2.2). Of the translucent groups kept in coffee for 28 days, it was observed that only the translucent Clinical group demonstrated a clinically non-perceivable color change (ΔE00 < 2.2). Conclusions All the translucent groups kept in red wine showed a clinically perceivable color change after 28 days. Only the high translucent Clinical Kit group showed a clinically acceptable color change. Among high translucent and translucent specimens kept in coffee only the translucent Clinical group showed a clinically acceptable color change after 28 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Mustafa Özarslan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Dentistry, 07 058, Antalya, Türkiye.
| | | | - Çağatay Barutcigil
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Merve Özarslan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Dentistry, 07 058, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Kubilay Barutcigil
- Department of Prosthodontics, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Dentistry, 07 058, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Nurullah Türker
- Department of Prosthodontics, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Dentistry, 07 058, Antalya, Türkiye
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Alzraikat H, Burrow MF, Maghaireh GA, Taha NA. Nanofilled Resin Composite Properties and Clinical Performance: A Review. Oper Dent 2018; 43:E173-E190. [PMID: 29570020 DOI: 10.2341/17-208-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to compile recent evidence related to nanofilled resin composite materials regarding the properties and clinical performance. Special attention was given to mechanical properties, such as strength, hardness, abrasive wear, water sorption, and solubility. The clinical performance of nanocomposite materials compared with hybrid resin composites was also addressed in terms of retention and success rates, marginal adaptation, color match, and surface roughness. A search of English peer-reviewed dental literature (2003-2017) from PubMed and MEDLINE databases was conducted using the terms "nanocomposites" or "nanofilled resin composite" and "clinical evaluation." The list was screened, and 82 papers that were relevant to the objectives of this work were included in the review. Mechanical properties of nanocomposites are generally comparable to those of hybrid composites but higher than microfilled composites. Nanocomposites presented lower abrasive wear than hybrids but higher sorption values. Their clinical performance was comparable to that of hybrid composites.
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Garoushi S, Vallittu PK, Lassila L. Characterization of fluoride releasing restorative dental materials. Dent Mater J 2017; 37:293-300. [PMID: 29279547 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate and compare certain mechanical properties, Vickers-hardness, water sorption, fluoride-release, shrinkage-stress and wear of five commercial fluoride-releasing restorative materials (Dyract, CompGlass, BEAUTIFIL II, ACTIVA-Restorative, and GC Fuji II LC), in relation to their microstructural characteristics. Mechanical properties were determined for each material following ISO standards. A wear test was conducted with 15,000 chewing cycles using a dual-axis chewing simulator. Daily fluoride-release was measured during the first 10 days by using a fluoride ion selective electrode. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the microstructure of each material. Results were statistically analysed using ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey's test. ACTIVA-Restorative exhibited the highest fracture toughness (1.1 MPa m1/2) among the materials tested. BEAUTIFIL II presented the highest flexural strength (145 MPa) which was not significantly different (p>0.05) from CompGlass and Dyract. Highest fluoride-release measurement was located for GC Fuji II LC among other tested materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufyan Garoushi
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center -TCBC Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku
| | - Pekka K Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center -TCBC Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku.,City of Turku Welfare Division, Oral Health Care
| | - Lippo Lassila
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center -TCBC Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku
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O'Neill C, Kreplak L, Rueggeberg FA, Labrie D, Shimokawa CAK, Price RB. Effect of tooth brushing on gloss retention and surface roughness of five bulk-fill resin composites. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2017; 30:59-69. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine O'Neill
- Dental Clinical Sciences; Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Laurent Kreplak
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science; Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Frederick A. Rueggeberg
- Department of Restorative Sciences, Dental College of Georgia; Augusta University; Augusta Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel Labrie
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science; Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Carlos Alberto Kenji Shimokawa
- Dental Clinical Sciences; Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
- School of Dentistry, Restorative Dentistry; University of São Paulo; Brazil
| | - Richard Bengt Price
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science; Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
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Van Ende A, Lise DP, De Munck J, Vanhulst J, Wevers M, Van Meerbeek B. Strain development in bulk-filled cavities of different depths characterized using a non-destructive acoustic emission approach. Dent Mater 2017; 33:e165-e177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Huang NC, Bottino MC, Levon JA, Chu TMG. The Effect of Polymerization Methods and Fiber Types on the Mechanical Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Resin-Based Composites. J Prosthodont 2017; 26:230-237. [PMID: 28273688 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glass fibers were introduced to increase the fracture resistance of resin-based composites restorations; however, the poor polymerization between fibers and resin-based composite were sometimes noted and can cause debonding and failure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different polymerization methods as well as fiber types on the mechanical behavior of fiber-reinforced resin-based composites. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-five specimens were fabricated and divided into one control group and four experimental groups (n = 15), according to the type of glass fiber (strip or mesh) and polymerization methods (one- or two-step). A 0.2-mm-thick fiber layer was fabricated with different polymerization methods, on top of which a 1.8 mm resin-based composite layer was added to make a bar-shape specimen, followed by a final polymerization. Specimens were tested for flexural strength and flexural modulus. The failure modes of specimens were observed by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS The fiber types showed significant effect on the flexural strength of test specimens (F = 469.48, p < 0.05), but the polymerization methods had no significant effect (F = 0.05, p = 0.82). The interaction between these two variables was not significant (F = 1.73, p = 0.19). In addition, both fiber type (F = 9.71, p < 0.05) and polymerization method (F = 12.17, p < 0.05) affected the flexural modulus of test specimens; however, the interaction between these two variables was not significant (F = 0.40, p = 0.53). CONCLUSIONS The strip fibers showed better mechanical behavior than mesh fibers and were suggested for resin-based composites restorations reinforcement; however, different polymerization methods did not have a significant effect on the strength and failure mode of fiber-reinforced resin-based composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Chieh Huang
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI
| | - Marco C Bottino
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN
| | - John A Levon
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Tien-Min G Chu
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN
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Lempel E, Lovász BV, Meszarics R, Jeges S, Tóth Á, Szalma J. Direct resin composite restorations for fractured maxillary teeth and diastema closure: A 7 years retrospective evaluation of survival and influencing factors. Dent Mater 2017; 33:467-476. [PMID: 28256273 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This retrospective study evaluated the survival rate of anterior direct resin based composite (RBC) build-ups in vital teeth made of microhybrid and nanofill RBC materials and the influence of bruxism, beverage consumption and smoking on the long-term performance of restorations. METHODS Patients receiving anterior restoration between 2006 and 2011, with the diagnosis of fracture or diastema, were selected. A total of 65 adult patients (mean age: 25.2) with 163 restorations (78 Filtek Supreme XT and 85 Enamel Plus HFO) were evaluated using the USPHS criteria. Data were analyzed with Fisher's Exact Test, Extended Cox-regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Mean observation period was 7.2 (±1.4) years and the mean annual failure rate for this period was 1.43%. The reasons of failures included restoration fracture and color mismatch. Nanofill restorations had significantly higher rate of color mismatch (p=0.002), microhybrids more frequently failed in fracture of restoration (p=0.034). The overall difference in potential hazard of using Enamel Plus HFO or Filtek Supreme XT was not significant (p=0.704). Chipping or fracture of the restoration was more frequent in the first year after placement (p=0.036), while beverage consumption was significantly correlated with discoloration of the restorations (p=0.005). SIGNIFICANCE The application of direct RBC restorations provides an excellent treatment option for fractured teeth and for closing diastemas. The overall survival rate was 88.34% up to 10 years. Microhybrid and nanofill RBC restorations showed similar survival rates, however nanofills discolored at a higher rate, meanwhile chipping of the restoration occurred frequently with microhybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Lempel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Bálint Viktor Lovász
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Réka Meszarics
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Sára Jeges
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ákos Tóth
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - József Szalma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Longo DL, Paula-Silva FWG, Faccioli LH, Gatón-Hernández PM, Queiroz AMD, Silva LABD. Cytotoxicity and cytokine expression induced by silorane and methacrylate-based composite resins. J Appl Oral Sci 2016; 24:338-43. [PMID: 27556204 PMCID: PMC4990362 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720150449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate cytotoxicity and cytokine production induced by light-cured or non-light-cured methacrylate-based and silorane composite resins in RAW 264.7 macrophages. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cells were stimulated with the extracts from light-cured or non-light-cured composite resins. After incubation for 24 h, cytotoxicity was assessed with the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assays, and total protein was quantified using the Lowry method. TNF-α detection was examined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) conducted with cell supernatants after cell stimulation for 6, 12, and 24 h. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test (α=0.05). RESULTS KaloreTM and FiltekTM Silorane were cytotoxic with or without light curing (p<0.05) after 24 h of incubation. KaloreTM stimulated the early production of TNF-α in comparison with control (p<0.05), whereas FiltekTM Silorane did not affect TNF-α levels after 6 and 12 h (p>0.05). However, after 24 h FiltekTM Silorane inhibited the production of TNF-α (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS KaloreTM and FiltekTM Silorane were cytotoxic regardless of light curing. The extract obtained from KaloreTM after 15 days of incubation stimulated the production of TNF-α, unlike that obtained from FiltekTM Silorane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Lucca Longo
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Lucia Helena Faccioli
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Patrícia Maria Gatón-Hernández
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.,- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat d'Odontologia, Department d'Odontopediatria, Barcelona, España
| | - Alexandra Mussolino de Queiroz
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Comparison of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Resin Matrix with Two Photoinitiator Systems in Dental Adhesives. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8070250. [PMID: 30974526 PMCID: PMC6432356 DOI: 10.3390/polym8070250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the physical and mechanical properties of resin matrices in dental adhesives with two photoinitiator systems. Resin matrix specimens were made with five different kinds of photoinitiators. Neat resin consisted of 60% 2,2-bis[4-2(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropoxy)phenyl]propane (Bis-GMA) and 40% hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) by weight, along with camphorquinone (CQ, 1 mol %) and additional components (1 mol % each) as follows: Group 1, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA); Group 2, ethyl-4-(dimethylamino) benzoate (EDMAB); Group 3, diphenyliodonium hexafluorphosphate (DPIHFP); Group 4, DMAEMA+DPIHFP; Group 5, EDMAB+DPIHFP. The degree of conversion (DC), flexural strength, flexural modulus, microhardness, and ultimate tensile strength were tested. The contribution of each photoinitiator to the DC in a selected group was analyzed with contour plots. One-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (p < 0.05) were used for statistical analyses. The DC of Groups 2, 4, and 5 was similar. The flexural strength was similar in all groups, but flexural modulus was significantly different. Group 3 had the lowest values for all physical and mechanical properties. Among all methods, the microhardness test revealed the greatest degree of difference among the five specimens. CQ, EDMAB, and DPIHFP were the most effective photoinitiators and CQ was the most influential factor for the DC rate.
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Rodrigues-Junior SA, Chemin P, Piaia PP, Ferracane JL. Surface Roughness and Gloss of Actual Composites as Polished With Different Polishing Systems. Oper Dent 2015; 40:418-29. [PMID: 25268040 DOI: 10.2341/14-014l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This in vitro study evaluated the effect of polishing with different polishing systems on the surface roughness and gloss of commercial composites. METHODS One hundred disk-shaped specimens (10 mm in diameter × 2 mm thick) were made with Filtek P-90, Filtek Z350 XT, Opallis, and Grandio. The specimens were manually finished with #400 sandpaper and polished by a single operator using three multistep systems (Superfix, Diamond Pro, and Sof-lex), one two-step system (Polidores DFL), and one one-step system (Enhance), following the manufacturer's instructions. The average surface roughness (μm) was measured with a surface profilometer (TR 200 Surface Roughness Tester), and gloss was measured using a small-area glossmeter (Novo-Curve, Rhopoint Instrumentation, East Sussex, UK). Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (α=0.05). RESULTS Statistically significant differences in surface roughness were identified by varying the polishing systems (p<0.0001) and by the interaction between polishing system and composite (p<0.0001). Pairwise comparisons revealed higher surface roughness for Grandio when polished with Sof-Lex and Filtek Z250 and Opallis when polished with Enhance. Gloss was influenced by the composites (p<0.0001), the polishing systems (p<0.0001), and the interaction between them (p<0.0001). The one-step system, Enhance, produced the lowest gloss for all composites. CONCLUSIONS Surface roughness and gloss were affected by composites and polishing systems. The interaction between both also influenced these surface characteristics, meaning that a single polishing system will not behave similarly for all composites. The multistep systems produced higher gloss, while the one-step system produced the highest surface roughness and the lowest gloss of all.
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de Morais RC, Garcia LDFR, Cruvinel DR, Panzeri Pires-de-Souza FDC. Color Stability and Surface Roughness of Composite submitted to Different Types and Periods of Finishing/Polishing: Physical Properties of Composites. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015; 16:565-70. [PMID: 26329412 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of accelerated artificial aging (AAA) on color stability (AE) and surface roughness of composite submitted to different systems and periods of finishing/polishing. MATERIALS AND METHODS A Teflon matrix was used to fabricate 60 specimens that were separated into four groups, according to the finishing/polishing system: G1: no polishing; G2: abrasive papers; G3: rubber polishing disks; and G4: G2 + G3. Polishing was performed at three different time intervals (n = 6): immediately (Im), 24 hours (24 hours) and 7 days (7 day) after specimen fabrication. Initial color and surface roughness readouts were taken. Afterwards, specimens were submitted to AAA (480 hours) and new readouts were taken. RESULTS Results demonstrated that G2 (7 day) presented lower AE, statistically different from G1 and G4 (7 days) (two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Bonferroni, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Regarding roughness, there was no difference among groups and periods. Polishing performed with abrasive papers, 7 days after performing the restoration, promoted less color alteration. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Most of composite restorations are replaced within a period shorter than 5 years due to esthetic failure, and correct finishing and polishing procedures are fundamental to avoid these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Costa de Morais
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas da Fonseca Roberti Garcia
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diogo Rodrigues Cruvinel
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Carvalho Panzeri Pires-de-Souza
- Associate Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Phone: +55 (016) 3602-3973, e-mail:
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Alshali RZ, Salim NA, Satterthwaite JD, Silikas N. Post-irradiation hardness development, chemical softening, and thermal stability of bulk-fill and conventional resin-composites. J Dent 2014; 43:209-18. [PMID: 25511301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To measure bottom/top hardness ratio of bulk-fill and conventional resin-composite materials, and to assess hardness changes after dry and ethanol storage. Filler content and kinetics of thermal decomposition were also tested using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). METHODS Six bulk-fill (SureFil SDR, Venus bulk fill, X-tra base, Filtek bulk fill flowable, Sonic fill, and Tetric EvoCeram bulk-fill) and eight conventional resin-composite materials (Grandioso flow, Venus Diamond flow, X-flow, Filtek Supreme Ultra Flowable, Grandioso, Venus Diamond, TPH Spectrum, and Filtek Z250) were tested (n=5). Initial and 24h (post-cure dry storage) top and bottom microhardness values were measured. Microhardness was re-measured after the samples were stored in 75% ethanol/water solution. Thermal decomposition and filler content were assessed by TGA. Results were analysed using one-way ANOVA and paired sample t-test (α=0.05). RESULTS All materials showed significant increase of microhardness after 24h of dry storage which ranged from 100.1% to 9.1%. Bottom/top microhardness ratio >0.9 was exhibited by all materials. All materials showed significant decrease of microhardness after 24h of storage in 75% ethanol/water which ranged from 14.5% to 74.2%. The extent of post-irradiation hardness development was positively correlated to the extent of ethanol softening (R(2)=0.89, p<0.001). Initial thermal decomposition temperature assessed by TGA was variable and was correlated to ethanol softening. CONCLUSIONS Bulk-fill resin-composites exhibit comparable bottom/top hardness ratio to conventional materials at recommended manufacturer thickness. Hardness was affected to a variable extent by storage with variable inorganic filler content and initial thermal decomposition shown by TGA. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The manufacturer recommended depth of cure of bulk-fill resin-composites can be reached based on the microhardness method. Characterization of the primary polymer network of a resin-composite material should be considered when evaluating its stability in the aqueous oral environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruwaida Z Alshali
- School of Dentistry, The University of Manchester, Higher Cambridge Street, Manchester, UK; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nesreen A Salim
- Prosthodontic Department, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Julian D Satterthwaite
- School of Dentistry, The University of Manchester, Higher Cambridge Street, Manchester, UK
| | - Nick Silikas
- School of Dentistry, The University of Manchester, Higher Cambridge Street, Manchester, UK.
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Ferracane JL, Pfeifer CS, Hilton TJ. Microstructural Features of Current Resin Composite Materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40496-014-0029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Gonulol N, Ozer S, Sen Tunc E. Water Sorption, Solubility, and Color Stability of Giomer Restoratives. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2014; 27:300-6. [PMID: 25145876 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study compared the color stability, water sorption, and solubility of a giomer composite and two nanohybrid composite resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS Disc-shaped specimens (1-mm thickness × 15-mm diameter) of a giomer (Beautifil II, Shofu, Kyoto, Japan) and two nanohybrid (Filtek Z550, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA; Tetric N-Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) composites (N = 10) were prepared. Baseline color measurements were taken, and specimens were immersed in water for 28 days. Following immersion, color values were remeasured, and color-change values (ΔE) were calculated. Water sorption and solubility were assessed by mass gain or loss after storage in water for 28 days. Data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc tests (p = 0.05). Pearson's correlation test was used to assess possible correlations between water sorption and solubility, water sorption and color stability, and solubility and color stability (p = 0.05). RESULTS Water sorbtion (%) and color change (ΔE) varied significantly among groups, with Beautifil II exhibiting the highest values (p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were observed in water solubility values among the groups (p = 0.661); however, a linear, positive correlation was detected between solubility and discoloration (r = 0.368, p = 0.046). CONCLUSION Water sorption and discoloration values of the giomer composite group were significantly higher than those of the nanohybrids tested. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The high levels of water sorption and discoloration of giomer composites are likely to have an adverse effect on esthetic restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihan Gonulol
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Sezin Ozer
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Emine Sen Tunc
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Ornaghi BP, Meier MM, Lohbauer U, Braga RR. Fracture toughness and cyclic fatigue resistance of resin composites with different filler size distributions. Dent Mater 2014; 30:742-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nassar A, Abdalla A, Shalaby M. One year clinical follow up of nano filled glass ionomer and composite resin restorations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tdj.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Della Bona A, Corazza PH, Zhang Y. Characterization of a polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network material. Dent Mater 2014; 30:564-9. [PMID: 24656471 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize the microstructure and determine some mechanical properties of a polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network (PICN) material (Vita Enamic, Vita Zahnfabrik) available for CAD-CAM systems. METHODS Specimens were fabricated to perform quantitative and qualitative analyses of the material's microstructure and to determine the fracture toughness (KIc), density (ρ), Poisson's ratio (ν) and Young's modulus (E). KIc was determined using V-notched specimens and the short beam toughness method, where bar-shaped specimens were notched and 3-point loaded to fracture. ρ was calculated using Archimedes principle, and ν and E were measured using an ultrasonic thickness gauge with a combination of a pulse generator and an oscilloscope. RESULTS Microstructural analyses showed a ceramic- and a polymer-based interpenetrating network. Mean and standard deviation values for the properties evaluated were: KIc=1.09±0.05MPam(1/2), ρ=2.09±0.01g/cm(3), ν=0.23±0.002 and E=37.95±0.34GPa. SIGNIFICANCE The PICN material showed mechanical properties between porcelains and resin-based composites, reflecting its microstructural components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Della Bona
- Post-graduation Program in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
| | - Pedro H Corazza
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biomaterials & Biomimetics, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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Timpe N, Fullriede H, Borchers L, Stiesch M, Behrens P, Menzel H. Nanoporous silica nanoparticles with spherical and anisotropic shape as fillers in dental composite materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/bnm-2014-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe objective of this study was to test whether nanoporous silica nanoparticles can be employed as fillers in dental composite materials to improve their mechanical properties. These nanoporous silica nanoparticles were synthesized using sol-gel methods, in part modified by silanization, and thoroughly characterized. The nanoporous nanoparticles were added to dental resins to form nanocomposites (resins impregnated with nanoparticles) and hybrid composites (containing in addition conventional microfillers). The incorporation of these nanoporous nanoparticles in dental resins or composites was characterized by investigation of the complex viscosity and double bond conversion as well as by determination of flexural strength and Young’s modulus. The dispersion of the nanofillers was examined by SEM and EDX imaging of fracture surfaces. Incorporation of small contents (1–3 wt%) of unmodified nanoporous particles leads to improved mechanical properties. However, the incorporation of larger contents results in particle agglomeration and declining mechanical properties. This effect is less pronounced when the surface of the particles is modified with methacrylate residues, resulting in a lower agglomeration tendency and a more homogeneous filler dispersion. Surface properties and, concomitantly, dispersibility of the nanoparticles have a strong influence on mechanical properties. But the incorporation of nanoporous instead of solid nanoparticles into dental composite materials is indeed a possibility to improve the mechanical behavior. However, modification of the surface is necessary and the key to achieving uniform dispersion and, thereby, improving mechanical properties.
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Kumar N. Inconsistency in the strength testing of dental resin-based composites among researchers. Pak J Med Sci 2013; 29:205-10. [PMID: 24353541 PMCID: PMC3809204 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.291.2922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this paper were to review the current strength testing methods of the dental resin-based composites (RBCs) and to explore the inconsistencies with regard to strength testing among researchers. Data selection/extraction: An outline of the most relevant aspects of RBCs was created, and a subsequent literature search for articles published during last four decades (1970-2010) was conducted using the databases, namely PubMed, Science Direct and ISI Web of Knowledge. Conclusion: The literature review highlighted a lack of consensus among researchers regarding the reliability of ISO recommended three-point flexure strength testing method. Several investigators have used Weibull statistics for the analysis of RBCs strength data, however their applicability might be questioned as many RBCs contain greater resin content and may exhibit sufficient viscous deformation prior to brittle failure. In addition, variability in the selection of cross-head speed and mould material for strength testing was evident which may lead to variation in the strength data and render the interpretation difficult among researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar
- Dr. Naresh Kumar, PhD, Assistant Professor, Science of Dental Materials Department, Institute of Dentistry, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
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Reis ACD, Castro DTD, Schiavon MA, Silva LJD, Agnelli JAM. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Composite Resins Subjected to Accelerated Artificial Aging. Braz Dent J 2013; 24:599-604. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201302263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of accelerated artificial aging (AAA) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Filtek Z250, Filtek Supreme, 4 Seasons, Herculite, P60, Tetric Ceram, Charisma and Filtek Z100. composite resins. The composites were characterized by Fourier-transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermal analyses (Differential Scanning Calorimetry - DSC and Thermogravimetry - TG). The microstructure of the materials was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Surface hardness and compressive strength data of the resins were recorded and the mean values were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). The results showed significant differences among the commercial brands for surface hardness (F=86.74, p<0.0001) and compressive strength (F=40.31, p<0.0001), but AAA did not affect the properties (surface hardness: F=0.39, p=0.53; compressive strength: F=2.82, p=0.09) of any of the composite resins. FTIR, DSC and TG analyses showed that resin polymerization was complete, and there were no differences between the spectra and thermal curve profiles of the materials obtained before and after AAA. TG confirmed the absence of volatile compounds and evidenced good thermal stability up to 200 °C, and similar amounts of residues were found in all resins evaluated before and after AAA. The AAA treatment did not significantly affect resin surface. Therefore, regardless of the resin brand, AAA did not influence the microstructure or the mechanical properties.
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Salazar DC, Dennison J, Yaman P. Inorganic and Prepolymerized Filler Analysis of Four Resin Composites. Oper Dent 2013; 38:E201-9. [DOI: 10.2341/12-474-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
This study determined the filler content by weight percentage of four resin composites and examined the morphology, size, and elemental distribution of the filler particles. Four commercially available light-cured resin composites were evaluated for filler content by weight using ashing in air and acetone dissolution techniques. Ten specimens were analyzed for each material and technique. Specimens for ashing were heated to 650°C for 30 minutes. For the acetone dilution, the uncured specimens were dissolved, centrifuged, and decanted. In addition, scanning electron microscopy evaluation and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis were performed to determine morphologic characteristics and elemental distribution, respectively. Filler percentages by weight for Aelite LS, Filtek LS, IPS Empress Direct, and Kalore from ashed in air were 86.44%, 77.86%, 72.17%, and 70.62%, and from acetone dissolution percentages were 85.05%, 75.56%, 78.88%, and 77.73%, respectively. Aelite LS had significantly higher filler content for both techniques. Kalore had significantly lower filler content for the ashing technique (70.62%), and Filtek LS had significantly lower filler content for the acetone dissolution technique (75.55%). Manufacturer reported filler content for Aelite LS (88%) and Filtek LS (76%) approximated the study results for both techniques, while Kalore (82%) and IPS Empress Direct (79%) were only similar for acetone dissolution, indicating higher content of prepolymerized particles. Morphologic examination showed spherical shaped particles for Aelite LS and splintered and irregular shaped particles for all other materials. Aelite LS had the highest filler content for both techniques. Values for filler content by weight using the acetone dissolution were closer to manufacturer reported values.
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Affiliation(s)
- DC Salazar
- Daisy C Salazar, DDS, MS, Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J Dennison
- Joseph Dennison, DDS, MS, Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - P Yaman
- Peter Yaman, DDS. MS. Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Jayanthi N, Vinod V. Comparative evaluation of compressive strength and flexural strength of conventional core materials with nanohybrid composite resin core material an in vitro study. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2013; 13:281-9. [PMID: 24431748 PMCID: PMC3732736 DOI: 10.1007/s13191-012-0236-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several dental materials have been used for core build-up procedures. Most of these materials were not specifically developed for this purpose, but as a consequence of their properties, have found application in core build-up procedures. Improvements in composites and the development of nanocomposites have led to their use as a core build up material due to their superior mechanical properties, optical properties and ease of handling. However it is not clear if they have better mechanical properties than the conventional core build up materials like amalgam, GIC and dual cure composite core build up material. The strength of the core material is very important and this study was undertaken to compare the mechanical properties of materials used for direct core foundations. The differences between the compressive strength and flexural strength of Filtek Z350 nanocomposite with conventional core build up materials like Amalgam, Vitremer GIC and Fluorocore were tested. Cylindrical plexi glass split molds of dimension 6 ± 1 mm [height] x4 ± 1 mm [diameter] were used to fabricate 15 samples of each core material for testing the compressive strength and rectangular plexi glass split molds of dimension 25 ± 1 mm [length] x 2 ± 1 mm[height] x2 ± 1 mm [width] used for fabricating samples for flexural strength. The samples were stored a water bath at 250 °C for 24 h before testing. The samples were tested using a Universal Instron testing machine. The results of the study showed that Fluorocore had the highest compressive strength and flexural strength followed by Filtek Z350 [nanocomposite] Amalgam had the least flexural strength and Vitremer GIC had the least compressive strength. Thus flurocore and nanocomposite are stronger than other core build up materials and hence should be preferred over other conventional core build up materials in extensively damaged teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V. Vinod
- The Oxford Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, India
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Thomaidis S, Kakaboura A, Mueller WD, Zinelis S. Mechanical properties of contemporary composite resins and their interrelations. Dent Mater 2013; 29:e132-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2013.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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