1
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Liu X, Yam PT, Schlienger S, Cai E, Zhang J, Chen WJ, Torres Gutierrez O, Jimenez Amilburu V, Ramamurthy V, Ting AY, Branon TC, Cayouette M, Gen R, Marks T, Kong JH, Charron F, Ge X. Numb positively regulates Hedgehog signaling at the ciliary pocket. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3365. [PMID: 38664376 PMCID: PMC11045789 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling relies on the primary cilium, a cell surface organelle that serves as a signaling hub for the cell. Using proximity labeling and quantitative proteomics, we identify Numb as a ciliary protein that positively regulates Hh signaling. Numb localizes to the ciliary pocket and acts as an endocytic adaptor to incorporate Ptch1 into clathrin-coated vesicles, thereby promoting Ptch1 exit from the cilium, a key step in Hh signaling activation. Numb loss impedes Sonic hedgehog (Shh)-induced Ptch1 exit from the cilium, resulting in reduced Hh signaling. Numb loss in spinal neural progenitors reduces Shh-induced differentiation into cell fates reliant on high Hh activity. Genetic ablation of Numb in the developing cerebellum impairs the proliferation of granule cell precursors, a Hh-dependent process, resulting in reduced cerebellar size. This study highlights Numb as a regulator of ciliary Ptch1 levels during Hh signal activation and demonstrates the key role of ciliary pocket-mediated endocytosis in cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, 95340, USA
| | - Patricia T Yam
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montreal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Sabrina Schlienger
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montreal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Eva Cai
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, 95340, USA
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, 95340, USA
| | - Wei-Ju Chen
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montreal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Oscar Torres Gutierrez
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, 95340, USA
| | | | - Vasanth Ramamurthy
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montreal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Alice Y Ting
- Departments of Genetics, of Biology, and by courtesy, of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tess C Branon
- Departments of Genetics, of Biology, and by courtesy, of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Interline Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michel Cayouette
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montreal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Risako Gen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Tessa Marks
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jennifer H Kong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Frédéric Charron
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montreal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
| | - Xuecai Ge
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, 95340, USA.
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2
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Camblor-Perujo S, Ozer Yildiz E, Küpper H, Overhoff M, Rastogi S, Bazzi H, Kononenko NL. The AP-2 complex interacts with γ-TuRC and regulates the proliferative capacity of neural progenitors. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302029. [PMID: 38086550 PMCID: PMC10716017 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes are organelles that nucleate microtubules via the activity of gamma-tubulin ring complexes (γ-TuRC). In the developing brain, centrosome integrity is central to the progression of the neural progenitor cell cycle, and its loss leads to microcephaly. We show that NPCs maintain centrosome integrity via the endocytic adaptor protein complex-2 (AP-2). NPCs lacking AP-2 exhibit defects in centrosome formation and mitotic progression, accompanied by DNA damage and accumulation of p53. This function of AP-2 in regulating the proliferative capacity of NPCs is independent of its role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and is coupled to its association with the GCP2, GCP3, and GCP4 components of γ-TuRC. We find that AP-2 maintains γ-TuRC organization and regulates centrosome function at the level of MT nucleation. Taken together, our data reveal a novel, noncanonical function of AP-2 in regulating the proliferative capacity of NPCs and open new avenues for the identification of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders with AP-2 complex dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ebru Ozer Yildiz
- CECAD Excellence Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hanna Küpper
- CECAD Excellence Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Melina Overhoff
- CECAD Excellence Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Saumya Rastogi
- CECAD Excellence Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hisham Bazzi
- CECAD Excellence Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Natalia L Kononenko
- CECAD Excellence Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Genetics, Natural Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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3
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Su D, Li Y, Zhang W, Gao H, Cheng Y, Hou Y, Li J, Ye Y, Lai Z, Li Z, Huang H, Li J, Li J, Cheng M, Nian C, Wu N, Zhou Z, Xing Y, Zhao Y, Liu H, Tang J, Chen Q, Hong L, Li W, Peng Z, Zhao B, Johnson RL, Liu P, Hong W, Chen L, Zhou D. SPTAN1/NUMB axis senses cell density to restrain cell growth and oncogenesis through Hippo signaling. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e168888. [PMID: 37843276 PMCID: PMC10575737 DOI: 10.1172/jci168888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The loss of contact inhibition is a key step during carcinogenesis. The Hippo-Yes-associated protein (Hippo/YAP) pathway is an important regulator of cell growth in a cell density-dependent manner. However, how Hippo signaling senses cell density in this context remains elusive. Here, we report that high cell density induced the phosphorylation of spectrin α chain, nonerythrocytic 1 (SPTAN1), a plasma membrane-stabilizing protein, to recruit NUMB endocytic adaptor protein isoforms 1 and 2 (NUMB1/2), which further sequestered microtubule affinity-regulating kinases (MARKs) in the plasma membrane and rendered them inaccessible for phosphorylation and inhibition of the Hippo kinases sterile 20-like kinases MST1 and MST2 (MST1/2). WW45 interaction with MST1/2 was thereby enhanced, resulting in the activation of Hippo signaling to block YAP activity for cell contact inhibition. Importantly, low cell density led to SPTAN1 dephosphorylation and NUMB cytoplasmic location, along with MST1/2 inhibition and, consequently, YAP activation. Moreover, double KO of NUMB and WW45 in the liver led to appreciable organ enlargement and rapid tumorigenesis. Interestingly, NUMB isoforms 3 and 4, which have a truncated phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain and are thus unable to interact with phosphorylated SPTAN1 and activate MST1/2, were selectively upregulated in liver cancer, which correlated with YAP activation. We have thus revealed a SPTAN1/NUMB1/2 axis that acts as a cell density sensor to restrain cell growth and oncogenesis by coupling external cell-cell contact signals to intracellular Hippo signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Su
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Yuxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Weiji Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Huan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Yao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Yongqiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Junhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Yi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Zhangjian Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Zhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Haitao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Jiaxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Jinhuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Mengyu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Cheng Nian
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Na Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Zhien Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Yunzhi Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - He Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Jiayu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Qinghua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Lixin Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
| | - Wengang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic and Organ Transplantation Surgery, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic and Organ Transplantation Surgery, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Randy L. Johnson
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pingguo Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wanjin Hong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lanfen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dawang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University and
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4
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Lacomme M, Hales SC, Brown TW, Stevanovic K, Jolicoeur C, Cai J, Bois T, Desrosiers M, Dalkara D, Cayouette M. Numb regulates Tau levels and prevents neurodegeneration in tauopathy mouse models. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm4295. [PMID: 36260685 PMCID: PMC9581485 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm4295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of the microtubule-associated protein Tau is linked to neuronal cell death in tauopathies, but how intraneuronal Tau levels are regulated in health and disease remains unclear. Here, we show that conditional inactivation of the trafficking adaptor protein Numb in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) increases Tau levels and leads to axonal blebbing, which is followed by neuronal cell loss in aged mice. In the TauP301S mouse model of tauopathy, conditional inactivation of Numb in RGCs and spinal motoneurons accelerates neurodegeneration, and loss of Numb in motoneurons also leads to precocious hindlimb paralysis. Conversely, overexpression of the long isoform of Numb (Numb-72) decreases intracellular Tau levels and reduces axonal blebbing in TauP301S RGCs, leading to improved electrical activity in cultured neurons and improves performance in a visually guided behavior test in vivo. These results uncover Numb as a key regulator of intracellular Tau levels and identify Numb-72 as a potential therapeutic factor for tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Lacomme
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Sarah C. Hales
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas W. Brown
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Katarina Stevanovic
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Christine Jolicoeur
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Jenny Cai
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Therence Bois
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Melissa Desrosiers
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Deniz Dalkara
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Michel Cayouette
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
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5
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Filippone MG, Freddi S, Zecchini S, Restelli S, Colaluca IN, Bertalot G, Pece S, Tosoni D, Di Fiore PP. Aberrant phosphorylation inactivates Numb in breast cancer causing expansion of the stem cell pool. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213525. [PMID: 36200956 PMCID: PMC9545709 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202112001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric cell division is a key tumor suppressor mechanism that prevents the uncontrolled expansion of the stem cell (SC) compartment by generating daughter cells with alternative fates: one retains SC identity and enters quiescence and the other becomes a rapidly proliferating and differentiating progenitor. A critical player in this process is Numb, which partitions asymmetrically at SC mitosis and inflicts different proliferative and differentiative fates in the two daughters. Here, we show that asymmetric Numb partitioning per se is insufficient for the proper control of mammary SC dynamics, with differential phosphorylation and functional inactivation of Numb in the two progeny also required. The asymmetric phosphorylation/inactivation of Numb in the progenitor is mediated by the atypical PKCζ isoform. This mechanism is subverted in breast cancer via aberrant activation of PKCs that phosphorylate Numb in both progenies, leading to symmetric division and expansion of the cancer SC compartment, associated with aggressive disease. Thus, Numb phosphorylation represents a target for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Filippone
- IEO-IRCCS, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Freddi
- IEO-IRCCS, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Zecchini
- IEO-IRCCS, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Restelli
- IEO-IRCCS, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Nicola Colaluca
- IEO-IRCCS, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bertalot
- IEO-IRCCS, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pece
- IEO-IRCCS, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy,Dipartimento di Oncologia e Emato-Oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Tosoni
- IEO-IRCCS, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- IEO-IRCCS, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy,Dipartimento di Oncologia e Emato-Oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy,Correspondence to Pier Paolo Di Fiore:
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6
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Galbraith A, Leone S, Stuart K, Emery J, Renkemeyer MK, Pritchett N, Galbraith L, Stuckmeyer H, Berke B. Reducing the expression of the Numb adaptor protein in neurons increases the searching behavior of Drosophila larvae. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2021; 2021:10.17912/micropub.biology.000426. [PMID: 34327314 PMCID: PMC8314082 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila larval crawling is easily-observable and relatively stereotyped. Crawling consists of linear locomotion interrupted by periods when the larvae pause, swing their heads, and change direction (a 'search'). Here we identify Numb, a peripheral membrane adaptor protein, as an important regulator of searching behavior. When Numb RNAi transgenes were expressed in all neurons, searching frequency increased while linear movement appeared normal. Numb's role in suppressing searching behavior was verified by rescuing this phenotype with a Numb homologue from mice. Such behavioral specificity suggests that further analysis of searching might help identify additional, evolutionarily-conserved interactors of the Numb protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Galbraith
- Department of Biology, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO USA
| | - Samuel Leone
- Department of Biology, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO USA
| | - Katherine Stuart
- Department of Biology, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO USA
| | - Josie Emery
- Department of Biology, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO USA
| | | | | | - Lauren Galbraith
- Department of Biology, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO USA
| | - Haley Stuckmeyer
- Department of Biology, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO USA
| | - Brett Berke
- Department of Biology, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO USA,
Correspondence to: Brett Berke ()
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7
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Camblor-Perujo S, Kononenko NL. Brain-specific functions of the endocytic machinery. FEBS J 2021; 289:2219-2246. [PMID: 33896112 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endocytosis is an essential cellular process required for multiple physiological functions, including communication with the extracellular environment, nutrient uptake, and signaling by the cell surface receptors. In a broad sense, endocytosis is accomplished through either constitutive or ligand-induced invagination of the plasma membrane, which results in the formation of the plasma membrane-retrieved endocytic vesicles, which can either be sent for degradation to the lysosomes or recycled back to the PM. This additional function of endocytosis in membrane retrieval has been adopted by excitable cells, such as neurons, for membrane equilibrium maintenance at synapses. The last two decades were especially productive with respect to the identification of brain-specific functions of the endocytic machinery, which additionally include but not limited to regulation of neuronal differentiation and migration, maintenance of neuron morphology and synaptic plasticity, and prevention of neurotoxic aggregates spreading. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge of brain-specific functions of endocytic machinery with a specific focus on three brain cell types, neuronal progenitor cells, neurons, and glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia L Kononenko
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Physiology & Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany
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8
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Merk DJ, Zhou P, Cohen SM, Pazyra-Murphy MF, Hwang GH, Rehm KJ, Alfaro J, Reid CM, Zhao X, Park E, Xu PX, Chan JA, Eck MJ, Nazemi KJ, Harwell CC, Segal RA. The Eya1 Phosphatase Mediates Shh-Driven Symmetric Cell Division of Cerebellar Granule Cell Precursors. Dev Neurosci 2021; 42:170-186. [PMID: 33472197 DOI: 10.1159/000512976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During neural development, stem and precursor cells can divide either symmetrically or asymmetrically. The transition between symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions is a major determinant of precursor cell expansion and neural differentiation, but the underlying mechanisms that regulate this transition are not well understood. Here, we identify the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway as a critical determinant regulating the mode of division of cerebellar granule cell precursors (GCPs). Using partial gain and loss of function mutations within the Shh pathway, we show that pathway activation determines spindle orientation of GCPs, and that mitotic spindle orientation correlates with the mode of division. Mechanistically, we show that the phosphatase Eya1 is essential for implementing Shh-dependent GCP spindle orientation. We identify atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) as a direct target of Eya1 activity and show that Eya1 dephosphorylates a critical threonine (T410) in the activation loop. Thus, Eya1 inactivates aPKC, resulting in reduced phosphorylation of Numb and other components that regulate the mode of division. This Eya1-dependent cascade is critical in linking spindle orientation, cell cycle exit and terminal differentiation. Together these findings demonstrate that a Shh-Eya1 regulatory axis selectively promotes symmetric cell divisions during cerebellar development by coordinating spindle orientation and cell fate determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Merk
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology & Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria F Pazyra-Murphy
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Grace H Hwang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristina J Rehm
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jose Alfaro
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher M Reid
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xuesong Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eunyoung Park
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pin-Xian Xu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer A Chan
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael J Eck
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kellie J Nazemi
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Corey C Harwell
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,
| | - Rosalind A Segal
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Farah CA, Dunn TW, Hastings MH, Ferguson L, Gao C, Gong K, Sossin WS. A role for Numb in Protein kinase M (PKM)-mediated increase in surface AMPA receptors during facilitation in Aplysia. J Neurochem 2019; 150:366-384. [PMID: 31254393 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable evidence from both vertebrates and invertebrates that persistently active protein kinases maintain changes in synaptic strength that underlie memory. In the hermaphrodite marine mollusk, Aplysia californica, truncated forms of protein kinase C (PKC) termed protein kinase Ms have been implicated in both intermediate- and long-term facilitation, an increase in synaptic strength between sensory neurons and motor neurons thought to underlie behavioural sensitization in the animal. However, few substrates have been identified as candidates that could mediate this increase in synaptic strength. PKMs have been proposed to maintain synaptic strength through preventing endocytosis of AMPA receptors. Numb is a conserved regulator of endocytosis that is modulated by phosphorylation. We have identified and cloned Aplysia Numb (ApNumb). ApNumb contains three conserved PKC phosphorylation sites and PKMs generated from classical and atypical Aplysia PKCs can phosphorylate ApNumb in vitro and in cells. Over-expression of ApNumb that lacks the conserved PKC phosphorylation sites blocks increases in surface levels of a pHluorin-tagged Aplysia glutamate receptor measured using live imaging after intermediate- or long-term facilitation. Over-expression of this form of ApNumb did not block increases in synaptic strength seen during intermediate-term facilitation, but did block increases in synaptic strength seen during long-term facilitation. There was no effect of over-expression of this form of ApNumb on other putative Numb targets as measured using increases in calcium downstream of neurotrophins or agonists of metabotropic glutamate receptors. These results suggest that in Aplysia neurons, Numb specifically regulates AMPA receptor trafficking and is an attractive candidate for a target of PKMs in long-term maintenance of synaptic strength. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/. Open Science: This manuscript was awarded with the Open Materials Badge For more information see: https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole A Farah
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tyler W Dunn
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Margaret H Hastings
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Larissa Ferguson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cherry Gao
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Katrina Gong
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Wayne S Sossin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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10
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Chatterjee SJ, Halaoui R, Deagle RC, Rejon C, McCaffrey L. Numb regulates cell tension required for mammary duct elongation. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.042341. [PMID: 31036751 PMCID: PMC6550071 DOI: 10.1242/bio.042341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland undergoes extensive expansion of a ductal network through the stroma during puberty and is an excellent model for understanding epithelial tube morphogenesis. To investigate a role for Numb, a multifaceted adapter protein, in epithelial tube morphogenesis, we conditionally deleted it from the mammary epithelium. We report that Numb-depletion results in altered extracellular-matrix organization, reduced cell tension, altered cell shape, and increased cell packing density, which results in a 50% reduction in mammary duct elongation. Using laser ablation in vitro and geometric-based cell force inference in vivo, we determined that Numb-deficient cells have altered cortical tension. Duct elongation defects were associated with altered E-cadherin distribution, but were independent of proliferation, apoptosis in ducts or end buds. This highlights a critical role for Numb in a mechanical mechanism that is required to maintain cell packing density during epithelial tube elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipa June Chatterjee
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Ruba Halaoui
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Rebecca Catherine Deagle
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Carlis Rejon
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Luke McCaffrey
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada .,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.,Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3T2, Canada
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11
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Horigane SI, Ozawa Y, Yamada H, Takemoto-Kimura S. Calcium signalling: a key regulator of neuronal migration. J Biochem 2019; 165:401-409. [PMID: 30753600 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal migration is a crucial event in neuronal development for the construction of brain architecture and neuronal networks. Newborn neurons proliferate in the germinal zone and start migration toward their final destination. Migrating neurons adopt different routes, cell shapes and migratory modes depending on extracellular factors and outer physical substrates. Intracellular Ca2+ is an essential second messenger that regulates diverse cellular functions by activating Ca2+-dependent signalling molecules that underlie Ca2+-responsive cellular functions. Neuronal migration during brain architecture construction is no exception. Spontaneous Ca2+ transients are observed in several types of migrating neurons, and a series of Ca2+-dependent signalling molecules governing neuronal migration has been identified. In this review, we first summarize the molecular mechanisms that trigger intracellular Ca2+ elevation in migrating neurons. In the latter half of this review, we provide an overview of the literature on Ca2+-dependent signalling molecules underlying neuronal migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Horigane
- Department of Neuroscience I, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Molecular/Cellular Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ozawa
- Department of Neuroscience I, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Molecular/Cellular Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yamada
- Department of Neuroscience I, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Molecular/Cellular Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sayaka Takemoto-Kimura
- Department of Neuroscience I, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Molecular/Cellular Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
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12
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Ferent J, Giguère F, Jolicoeur C, Morin S, Michaud JF, Makihara S, Yam PT, Cayouette M, Charron F. Boc Acts via Numb as a Shh-Dependent Endocytic Platform for Ptch1 Internalization and Shh-Mediated Axon Guidance. Neuron 2019; 102:1157-1171.e5. [PMID: 31054872 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
During development, Shh attracts commissural axons toward the floor plate through a non-canonical, transcription-independent signaling pathway that requires the receptor Boc. Here, we find that Shh induces Boc internalization into early endosomes and that endocytosis is required for Shh-mediated growth-cone turning. Numb, an endocytic adaptor, binds to Boc and is required for Boc internalization, Shh-mediated growth-cone turning in vitro, and commissural axon guidance in vivo. Similar to Boc, Ptch1 is also internalized by Shh in a Numb-dependent manner; however, the binding of Shh to Ptch1 alone is not sufficient to induce Ptch1 internalization nor growth-cone turning. Therefore, the binding of Shh to Boc is required for Ptch1 internalization and growth-cone turning. Our data support a model where Boc endocytosis via Numb is required for Ptch1 internalization and Shh signaling in axon guidance. Thus, Boc acts as a Shh-dependent endocytic platform gating Ptch1 internalization and Shh signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ferent
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Fanny Giguère
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Christine Jolicoeur
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Steves Morin
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Michaud
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Shirin Makihara
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Patricia T Yam
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Michel Cayouette
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Frederic Charron
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada.
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13
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Wei R, Kaneko T, Liu X, Liu H, Li L, Voss C, Liu E, He N, Li SSC. Interactome Mapping Uncovers a General Role for Numb in Protein Kinase Regulation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:2216-2228. [PMID: 29217616 PMCID: PMC6210222 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular functions are frequently regulated by protein-protein interactions involving the binding of a modular domain in one protein to a specific peptide sequence in another. This mechanism may be explored to identify binding partners for proteins harboring a peptide-recognition domain. Here we report a proteomic strategy combining peptide and protein microarray screening with biochemical and cellular assays to identify modular domain-mediated protein-protein interactions in a systematic manner. We applied this strategy to Numb, a multi-functional protein containing a phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain. Through the screening of a protein microarray, we identified >100 protein kinases, including both Tyr and Ser/Thr kinases, that could potentially interact with the Numb PTB domain, suggesting a general role for Numb in regulating kinase function. The putative interactions between Numb and several tyrosine kinases were subsequently validated by GST pull-down and/or co-immunoprecipitation assays. Furthermore, using the Oriented Peptide Array Library approach, we defined the specificity of the Numb PTB domain which, in turn, allowed us to predict binding partners for Numb at the genome level. The combination of the protein microarray screening with computer-aided prediction produced the most expansive interactome for Numb to date, implicating Numb in regulating phosphorylation signaling through protein kinases and phosphatases. Not only does the data generated from this study provide an important resource for hypothesis-driven research to further define the function of Numb, the proteomic strategy described herein may be employed to uncover the interactome for other peptide-recognition domains whose consensus motifs are known or can be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry and the Siebens-Drake Medical Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Tomonori Kaneko
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry and the Siebens-Drake Medical Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Xuguang Liu
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry and the Siebens-Drake Medical Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Huadong Liu
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry and the Siebens-Drake Medical Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
- §Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shanxi, China
| | - Lei Li
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry and the Siebens-Drake Medical Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
- ¶School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shangdong, China
- ‖College of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 26601, Shangdong, China
| | - Courtney Voss
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry and the Siebens-Drake Medical Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Eric Liu
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry and the Siebens-Drake Medical Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Ningning He
- ¶School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shangdong, China
- ‖College of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 26601, Shangdong, China
| | - Shawn S-C Li
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry and the Siebens-Drake Medical Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada;
- **Department of Oncology and Child Health Research Institute, Western University
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14
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Mestres I, Sung CH. Nervous system development relies on endosomal trafficking. NEUROGENESIS 2017; 4:e1316887. [PMID: 28573151 DOI: 10.1080/23262133.2017.1316887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating findings have begun to unveil the important role of the endosomal machinery in the nervous system development. Endosomes have been linked to the differential segregation of cell fate determining molecules in asymmetrically dividing progenitors during neurogenesis. Additionally, the precise removal and reinsertion of membrane components through endocytic trafficking regulates the spatial and temporal distribution of signaling receptors and adhesion molecules, which determine the morphology and motility of migrating neurons. Emerging evidence suggests that the role of the endosomal sorting adaptors is dependent upon cell type and developmental stage. The repertoire of the signaling receptors and/or adhesion molecules sorted by the endosome during these processes remains to be explored. In this commentary, we will briefly address the progress in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Mestres
- DFG-Research Center for Regenerative Therapies, Cluster of Excellence, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ching-Hwa Sung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.,Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Deletion of Numb/Numblike in glutamatergic neurons leads to anxiety-like behavior in mice. Brain Res 2017; 1665:36-49. [PMID: 28347671 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Endocytic adaptor protein Numb is the first identified cell fate determinant in Drosophila melanogaster. It has been implicated in Notch signaling pathway and regulation of neural stem cells proliferation in the central nervous system. Numb is also expressed in postmitotic neurons, in vitro studies showed that Numb is involved in neuronal morphologic development, such as neurite growth, axonal growth and spine development. However, in vivo functions of Numb in the postmitotic neurons are largely unknown. Here we show that deletion of Numb/Numblike in glutamatergic neurons causes anxiety-like behavior in mouse. In this study, we conditionally deleted Numb and its homologous gene Numblike in the glutamatergic neurons in dorsal forebrain, and thoroughly characterized the behavioral phenotypes of mutant mice. On a battery of tests for anxiety-like behavior, the conditional double knockout mice showed increased anxiety-like behavior on light/dark exploration and novel open field tests, but not on elevated zero maze tests. The conditional double knockout mice also displayed novelty induced hyperactivity in novel open field test. Control measures of general health, motor functions, startle response, sensorimotor gating, depression-related behaviors did not show differences between genotypes. Our present findings provide new insight into the indispensable functions of Numb/Numblike in the brain and behavior, and suggest that Numb/Numblike may play a role in mediating neuronal functions that underlie behaviors related to anxiety.
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16
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Song SG, Yu HY, Ma YW, Zhang F, Xu XY. Inhibition on Numb/Notch signal pathway enhances radiosensitivity of lung cancer cell line H358. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13705-13719. [PMID: 27476167 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of the Numb/Notch signal pathway on the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cell line H358. MTT assay and colony forming assay were used to detect the effects of different doses of X-rays and MW167 on the in vitro proliferation of the lung cancer cell line H358. Flow cytometry was applied to evaluate the effects of X rays on the apoptosis of H358. Scratch assay and Transwell invasion assay were used to examine the effects of X-rays on the migration and invasion abilities of H358. The mRNA and protein expressions in the signal pathway were detected by real-time PCR and western blot. Assays in vitro confirmed the effects of the Numb/Notch pathway inhibitor on the radiosensitivity to lung cancer. MW167 enhanced the inhibiting effects of X-ray on the proliferation of H358 cell line. After the addition of MW167, the apoptosis rates significantly increased, but the invasion and migration abilities decreased significantly. Meanwhile, MW167 could dose-dependently promote the increase of expression of Numb, which is the upstream gene of the Numb/Notch signaling pathway, but inhibit the expression of and HES1. In vivo experiments revealed that cell proliferation was suppressed in the radiation, pathway inhibitor, and pathway inhibitor + radiation groups, and the pathway inhibitor + radiation group exhibited more active anti-tumor ability when compared with the blank group (all P < 0.05); Numb expression was up-regulated, but Notch1 and HES1 expressions were down-regulated in those three groups, and also, the pathway inhibitor + radiation group exhibited more significant alternation when compared with the blank group (all P < 0.05); cell apoptosis was promoted in those three groups, and the pathway inhibitor + radiation group showed more active apoptosis when compared with the blank group (all P < 0.05). Repression of the Numb/Notch pathway enhances the effects of radiotherapy on the radiosensitivity of the lung cancer cell line H358, and thus the Numb/Notch pathway may be a new target of radiotherapy for lung cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/radiation effects
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/radiotherapy
- Cell Movement/radiation effects
- Cell Proliferation/radiation effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/radiation effects
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/radiotherapy
- Membrane Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Radiation Tolerance
- Radiation, Ionizing
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Notch/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Notch/genetics
- Receptors, Notch/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/radiation effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Gang Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Hong-Yang Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yan-Wei Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiang-Ying Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated School of Medicine, Harbin Medical University, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China.
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17
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Xu C, Fu X, Zhu S, Liu JJ. Retrolinkin recruits the WAVE1 protein complex to facilitate BDNF-induced TrkB endocytosis and dendrite outgrowth. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:3342-3356. [PMID: 27605705 PMCID: PMC5170866 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-05-0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrolinkin, a neuronal membrane protein, coordinates with endophilin A1 and mediates early endocytic trafficking and signal transduction of the ligand-receptor complex formed between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), in dendrites of CNS neurons. Here we report that retrolinkin interacts with the CYFIP1/2 subunit of the WAVE1 complex, a member of the WASP/WAVE family of nucleation-promoting factors that binds and activates the Arp2/3 complex to promote branched actin polymerization. WAVE1, not N-WASP, is required for BDNF-induced TrkB endocytosis and dendrite outgrowth. Disruption of the interaction between retrolinkin and CYFIP1/2 impairs recruitment of WAVE1 to neuronal plasma membrane upon BDNF addition and blocks internalization of activated TrkB. We also show that WAVE1-mediated endocytosis of BDNF-activated TrkB is actin dependent and clathrin independent. These results not only reveal the mechanistic role of retrolinkin in BDNF-TrkB endocytosis, but also indicate that WASP/WAVE-dependent actin polymerization during endocytosis is regulated by cell type-specific and cargo-specific modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xiuping Fu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Shaoxia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jia-Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China .,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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18
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Su JF, Wei J, Li PS, Miao HH, Ma YC, Qu YX, Xu J, Qin J, Li BL, Song BL, Xu ZP, Luo J. Numb directs the subcellular localization of EAAT3 through binding the YxNxxF motif. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:3104-14. [PMID: 27358480 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.185496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitatory amino acid transporter type 3 (EAAT3, also known as SLC1A1) is a high-affinity, Na(+)-dependent glutamate carrier that localizes primarily within the cell and at the apical plasma membrane. Although previous studies have reported proteins and sequence regions involved in EAAT3 trafficking, the detailed molecular mechanism by which EAAT3 is distributed to the correct location still remains elusive. Here, we identify that the YVNGGF sequence in the C-terminus of EAAT3 is responsible for its intracellular localization and apical sorting in rat hepatoma cells CRL1601 and Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, respectively. We further demonstrate that Numb, a clathrin adaptor protein, directly binds the YVNGGF motif and regulates the localization of EAAT3. Mutation of Y503, N505 and F508 within the YVNGGF motif to alanine residues or silencing Numb by use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) results in the aberrant localization of EAAT3. Moreover, both Numb and the YVNGGF motif mediate EAAT3 endocytosis in CRL1601 cells. In summary, our study suggests that Numb is a pivotal adaptor protein that mediates the subcellular localization of EAAT3 through binding the YxNxxF (where x stands for any amino acid) motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Feng Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Pei-Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hong-Hua Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yong-Chao Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu-Xiu Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bo-Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zheng-Ping Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Ito K, Enomoto H. Retrograde transport of neurotrophic factor signaling: implications in neuronal development and pathogenesis. J Biochem 2016; 160:77-85. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvw037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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20
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Singh S, Howell D, Trivedi N, Kessler K, Ong T, Rosmaninho P, Raposo AA, Robinson G, Roussel MF, Castro DS, Solecki DJ. Zeb1 controls neuron differentiation and germinal zone exit by a mesenchymal-epithelial-like transition. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27178982 PMCID: PMC4891180 DOI: 10.7554/elife.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the developing mammalian brain, differentiating neurons mature morphologically via neuronal polarity programs. Despite discovery of polarity pathways acting concurrently with differentiation, it's unclear how neurons traverse complex polarity transitions or how neuronal progenitors delay polarization during development. We report that zinc finger and homeobox transcription factor-1 (Zeb1), a master regulator of epithelial polarity, controls neuronal differentiation by transcriptionally repressing polarity genes in neuronal progenitors. Necessity-sufficiency testing and functional target screening in cerebellar granule neuron progenitors (GNPs) reveal that Zeb1 inhibits polarization and retains progenitors in their germinal zone (GZ). Zeb1 expression is elevated in the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) medulloblastoma subgroup originating from GNPs with persistent SHH activation. Restored polarity signaling promotes differentiation and rescues GZ exit, suggesting a model for future differentiative therapies. These results reveal unexpected parallels between neuronal differentiation and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition and suggest that active polarity inhibition contributes to altered GZ exit in pediatric brain cancers. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12717.001 During the formation of the brain, developing neurons are faced with a logistical problem. After newborn neurons form they must change in shape and move to their final location in the brain. Despite much speculation, little is known about these processes. Neurons mature via the activity of several pathways that control the activity, or expression, of the neuron’s genes. One way of controlling such gene expression is through proteins called transcription factors. At the same time, the developing neurons go through a process called polarization, where different regions of the cell develop different characteristics. However, it was not known how the maturation and polarization processes are linked, or how the developing neurons actively regulate polarization. By studying the developing mouse brain, Singh et al. found that a transcription factor called Zeb1 keeps neurons in a immature state, stopping them from becoming polarized. Further investigation revealed that Zeb1 does this by preventing the production of a group of proteins that helps to polarize the cells. The most common type of malignant brain tumour in children is called a medulloblastoma. Singh et al. analyzed the genes expressed in mice that have a type of medulloblastoma that results from the constant activity of a gene called Sonic Hedgehog in developing neurons. This revealed that these tumour cells contain abnormally high levels of Zeb1, and so do not take on a polarized form. However, artificially restoring other factors that encourage the cells to polarize caused the neurons to mature normally. Further investigation is now needed to find out whether the activity of the Sonic Hedgehog gene regulates Zeb1 activity, and to discover whether inhibiting Zeb1 could prevent brain tumours from developing. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12717.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Singh
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Danielle Howell
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Niraj Trivedi
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | | | - Taren Ong
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Pedro Rosmaninho
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência Oeiras, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Asf Raposo
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência Oeiras, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Giles Robinson
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Martine F Roussel
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Diogo S Castro
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência Oeiras, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - David J Solecki
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
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21
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Mah IK, Soloff R, Hedrick SM, Mariani FV. Atypical PKC-iota Controls Stem Cell Expansion via Regulation of the Notch Pathway. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 5:866-880. [PMID: 26527382 PMCID: PMC4649379 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of stem/progenitor cells available can profoundly impact tissue homeostasis and the response to injury or disease. Here, we propose that an atypical PKC, Prkci, is a key player in regulating the switch from an expansion to a differentiation/maintenance phase via regulation of Notch, thus linking the polarity pathway with the control of stem cell self-renewal. Prkci is known to influence symmetric cell division in invertebrates; however a definitive role in mammals has not yet emerged. Using a genetic approach, we find that loss of Prkci results in a marked increase in the number of various stem/progenitor cells. The mechanism used likely involves inactivation and symmetric localization of NUMB, leading to the activation of NOTCH1 and its downstream effectors. Inhibition of atypical PKCs may be useful for boosting the production of pluripotent stem cells, multipotent stem cells, or possibly even primordial germ cells by promoting the stem cell/progenitor fate. PRKCi, a polarity protein, regulates expansion of various stem/progenitor cells PRKCi acts in this capacity via a Notch-dependent pathway Thus, PRKCi acts as a link between polarity and stem cell self-renewal Inhibition of aPKCs may be generally useful for expanding progenitor populations
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Affiliation(s)
- In Kyoung Mah
- Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1425 San Pablo St., Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Rachel Soloff
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Stephen M Hedrick
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Francesca V Mariani
- Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1425 San Pablo St., Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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22
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van Lessen M, Nakayama M, Kato K, Kim JM, Kaibuchi K, Adams RH. Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor function in angiogenesis by numb and numb-like. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1815-25. [PMID: 26069237 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling is a major regulator of physiological and pathological angiogenesis. VEGF receptor activity is strongly controlled by endocytosis, which can terminate or enhance signal transduction in the angiogenic endothelium, but the exact molecular regulation of these processes remains incompletely understood. We have therefore examined the function of Numb family clathrin-associated sorting proteins in angiogenesis. APPROACH AND RESULTS We show that Numb proteins are expressed by endothelial cells during retinal angiogenesis in mice. Inducible inactivation of the Numb/Numbl genes in the postnatal endothelium led to impaired vessel growth, reduced endothelial proliferation and sprouting, and decreased VEGF receptor activation. Biochemistry and cell biology experiments established that Numb can interact with VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 and controls VEGF receptor activation in response to ligand stimulation. Experiments in cultured endothelial cells showed that Numb proteins counteract VEGF receptor degradation and promote VEGFR2 recycling back to the plasma membrane. CONCLUSIONS Numb proteins control VEGF receptor endocytosis, signaling, and recycling in endothelial cells, which promotes the angiogenic growth of blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max van Lessen
- From the Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, Münster, Germany (M.v.L., M.N., K. Kato, J.M.K., R.H.A.); and Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (K. Kato, K. Kaibuchi)
| | - Masanori Nakayama
- From the Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, Münster, Germany (M.v.L., M.N., K. Kato, J.M.K., R.H.A.); and Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (K. Kato, K. Kaibuchi)
| | - Katsuhiro Kato
- From the Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, Münster, Germany (M.v.L., M.N., K. Kato, J.M.K., R.H.A.); and Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (K. Kato, K. Kaibuchi)
| | - Jung Mo Kim
- From the Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, Münster, Germany (M.v.L., M.N., K. Kato, J.M.K., R.H.A.); and Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (K. Kato, K. Kaibuchi)
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- From the Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, Münster, Germany (M.v.L., M.N., K. Kato, J.M.K., R.H.A.); and Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (K. Kato, K. Kaibuchi)
| | - Ralf H Adams
- From the Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, Münster, Germany (M.v.L., M.N., K. Kato, J.M.K., R.H.A.); and Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (K. Kato, K. Kaibuchi).
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23
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Maritzen T, Schachtner H, Legler DF. On the move: endocytic trafficking in cell migration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2119-34. [PMID: 25681867 PMCID: PMC11113590 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1855-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Directed cell migration is a fundamental process underlying diverse physiological and pathophysiological phenomena ranging from wound healing and induction of immune responses to cancer metastasis. Recent advances reveal that endocytic trafficking contributes to cell migration in multiple ways. (1) At the level of chemokines and chemokine receptors: internalization of chemokines by scavenger receptors is essential for shaping chemotactic gradients in tissue, whereas endocytosis of chemokine receptors and their subsequent recycling is key for maintaining a high responsiveness of migrating cells. (2) At the level of integrin trafficking and focal adhesion dynamics: endosomal pathways do not only modulate adhesion by delivering integrins to their site of action, but also by supplying factors for focal adhesion disassembly. (3) At the level of extracellular matrix reorganization: endosomal transport contributes to tumor cell migration not only by targeting integrins to invadosomes but also by delivering membrane type 1 matrix metalloprotease to the leading edge facilitating proteolysis-dependent chemotaxis. Consequently, numerous endocytic and endosomal factors have been shown to modulate cell migration. In fact key modulators of endocytic trafficking turn out to be also key regulators of cell migration. This review will highlight the recent progress in unraveling the contribution of cellular trafficking pathways to cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Maritzen
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannah Schachtner
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel F. Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Unterseestrasse 47, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
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24
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Song M, Giza J, Proenca CC, Jing D, Elliott M, Dincheva I, Shmelkov SV, Kim J, Schreiner R, Huang SH, Castrén E, Prekeris R, Hempstead BL, Chao MV, Dictenberg JB, Rafii S, Chen ZY, Rodriguez-Boulan E, Lee FS. Slitrk5 Mediates BDNF-Dependent TrkB Receptor Trafficking and Signaling. Dev Cell 2015; 33:690-702. [PMID: 26004511 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies in humans and in genetic mouse models have identified Slit- and NTRK-like family (Slitrks) as candidate genes for neuropsychiatric disorders. All Slitrk isotypes are highly expressed in the CNS, where they mediate neurite outgrowth, synaptogenesis, and neuronal survival. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these functions are not known. Here, we report that Slitrk5 modulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-dependent biological responses through direct interaction with TrkB receptors. Under basal conditions, Slitrk5 interacts primarily with a transsynaptic binding partner, protein tyrosine phosphatase δ (PTPδ); however, upon BDNF stimulation, Slitrk5 shifts to cis-interactions with TrkB. In the absence of Slitrk5, TrkB has a reduced rate of ligand-dependent recycling and altered responsiveness to BDNF treatment. Structured illumination microscopy revealed that Slitrk5 mediates optimal targeting of TrkB receptors to Rab11-positive recycling endosomes through recruitment of a Rab11 effector protein, Rab11-FIP3. Thus, Slitrk5 acts as a TrkB co-receptor that mediates its BDNF-dependent trafficking and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseok Song
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joanna Giza
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Catia C Proenca
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Deqiang Jing
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mark Elliott
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Iva Dincheva
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sergey V Shmelkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Langone Medical Center, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ryan Schreiner
- Dyson Vision Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shu-Hong Huang
- Department of Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Eero Castrén
- Neuroscience Centre, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rytis Prekeris
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Barbara L Hempstead
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Moses V Chao
- Molecular Neurobiology Program, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jason B Dictenberg
- AccelBio, DMC Advanced Biotechnology Incubator, Brooklyn, NY 11226, USA; Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical School, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zhe-Yu Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Enrique Rodriguez-Boulan
- Dyson Vision Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Francis S Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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25
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Yap CC, Winckler B. Adapting for endocytosis: roles for endocytic sorting adaptors in directing neural development. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:119. [PMID: 25904845 PMCID: PMC4389405 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper cortical development depends on the orchestrated actions of a multitude of guidance receptors and adhesion molecules and their downstream signaling. The levels of these receptors on the surface and their precise locations can greatly affect guidance outcomes. Trafficking of receptors to a particular surface locale and removal by endocytosis thus feed crucially into the final guidance outcomes. In addition, endocytosis of receptors can affect downstream signaling (both quantitatively and qualitatively) and regulated endocytosis of guidance receptors is thus an important component of ensuring proper neural development. We will discuss the cell biology of regulated endocytosis and the impact on neural development. We focus our discussion on endocytic accessory proteins (EAPs) (such as numb and disabled) and how they regulate endocytosis and subsequent post-endocytic trafficking of their cognate receptors (such as Notch, TrkB, β-APP, VLDLR, and ApoER2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Choo Yap
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Bettina Winckler
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA, USA
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26
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Wang H, Kane AW, Lee C, Ahn S. Gli3 repressor controls cell fates and cell adhesion for proper establishment of neurogenic niche. Cell Rep 2014; 8:1093-104. [PMID: 25127137 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) rely on environmental signals provided by the neurogenic niche for their proper function. However, little is known about the initial steps of niche establishment, as embryonic radial glia transition to postnatal NSCs. Here, we identify Gli3 repressor (Gli3R), a component of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway, as a critical factor controlling both cell-type specification and structural organization of the developing SVZ. We demonstrate that Gli3R expressed in radial glia temporally regulates gp130/STAT3 signaling at the transcriptional level to suppress glial characteristics in differentiating ependymal cells. In addition, Gli3R maintains the proper level of Numb in ependymal cells to allow localization of cell adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) and E-cadherin. Thus, our findings reveal a role for Gli3R as a mediator of niche establishment and provide insights into the conditions required for proper SVZ neurogenic niche formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anna W Kane
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Brown-NIH Graduate Partnership Program, Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Cheol Lee
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sohyun Ahn
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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27
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Sjöqvist M, Antfolk D, Ferraris S, Rraklli V, Haga C, Antila C, Mutvei A, Imanishi SY, Holmberg J, Jin S, Eriksson JE, Lendahl U, Sahlgren C. PKCζ regulates Notch receptor routing and activity in a Notch signaling-dependent manner. Cell Res 2014; 24:433-50. [PMID: 24662486 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2014.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of Notch signaling requires intracellular routing of the receptor, but the mechanisms controlling the distinct steps in the routing process is poorly understood. We identify PKCζ as a key regulator of Notch receptor intracellular routing. When PKCζ was inhibited in the developing chick central nervous system and in cultured myoblasts, Notch-stimulated cells were allowed to undergo differentiation. PKCζ phosphorylates membrane-tethered forms of Notch and regulates two distinct routing steps, depending on the Notch activation state. When Notch is activated, PKCζ promotes re-localization of Notch from late endosomes to the nucleus and enhances production of the Notch intracellular domain, which leads to increased Notch activity. In the non-activated state, PKCζ instead facilitates Notch receptor internalization, accompanied with increased ubiquitylation and interaction with the endosomal sorting protein Hrs. Collectively, these data identify PKCζ as a key regulator of Notch trafficking and demonstrate that distinct steps in intracellular routing are differentially modulated depending on Notch signaling status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Sjöqvist
- 1] Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland [2] Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Daniel Antfolk
- 1] Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland [2] Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Saima Ferraris
- Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Vilma Rraklli
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Karolinska Institute, Box 240, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Haga
- 1] Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland [2] Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Christian Antila
- 1] Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland [2] Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Anders Mutvei
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susumu Y Imanishi
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Johan Holmberg
- 1] Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Karolinska Institute, Box 240, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden [2] Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shaobo Jin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John E Eriksson
- 1] Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland [2] Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Urban Lendahl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Sahlgren
- 1] Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland [2] Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland [3] Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Eindhoven, 2612 Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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28
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Abstract
The distinctive morphology of neurons, with complex dendritic arbors and extensive axons, presents spatial challenges for intracellular signal transduction. The endosomal system provides mechanisms that enable signaling molecules initiated by extracellular cues to be trafficked throughout the expanse of the neuron, allowing intracellular signals to be sustained over long distances. Therefore endosomes are critical for many aspects of neuronal signaling that regulate cell survival, axonal growth and guidance, dendritic branching, and cell migration. An intriguing characteristic of neuronal signal transduction is that endosomal trafficking enables physiological responses that vary based on the subcellular location of signal initiation. In this review, we will discuss the specialized mechanisms and the functional significance of endosomal signaling in neurons, both during normal development and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina E Cosker
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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29
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Numb-deficient satellite cells have regeneration and proliferation defects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:18549-54. [PMID: 24170859 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1311628110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptor protein Numb has been implicated in the switch between cell proliferation and differentiation made by satellite cells during muscle repair. Using two genetic approaches to ablate Numb, we determined that, in its absence, muscle regeneration in response to injury was impaired. Single myofiber cultures demonstrated a lack of satellite cell proliferation in the absence of Numb, and the proliferation defect was confirmed in satellite cell cultures. Quantitative RT-PCR from Numb-deficient satellite cells demonstrated highly up-regulated expression of p21 and Myostatin, both inhibitors of myoblast proliferation. Transfection with Myostatin-specific siRNA rescued the proliferation defect of Numb-deficient satellite cells. Furthermore, overexpression of Numb in satellite cells inhibited Myostatin expression. These data indicate a unique function for Numb during the initial activation and proliferation of satellite cells in response to muscle injury.
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30
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Cooper JA. Cell biology in neuroscience: mechanisms of cell migration in the nervous system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 202:725-34. [PMID: 23999166 PMCID: PMC3760606 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201305021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Many neurons resemble other cells in developing embryos in migrating long distances before they differentiate. However, despite shared basic machinery, neurons differ from other migrating cells. Most dramatically, migrating neurons have a long and dynamic leading process, and may extend an axon from the rear while they migrate. Neurons must coordinate the extension and branching of their leading processes, cell movement with axon specification and extension, switching between actin and microtubule motors, and attachment and recycling of diverse adhesion proteins. New research is needed to fully understand how migration of such morphologically complicated cells is coordinated over space and time.
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31
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Kim KK, Nam J, Mukouyama YS, Kawamoto S. Rbfox3-regulated alternative splicing of Numb promotes neuronal differentiation during development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 200:443-58. [PMID: 23420872 PMCID: PMC3575530 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201206146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rbfox3 is required to promote neuronal differentiation of postmitotic neurons through Numb alternative splicing. Alternative premRNA splicing is a major mechanism to generate diversity of gene products. However, the biological roles of alternative splicing during development remain elusive. Here, we focus on a neuron-specific RNA-binding protein, Rbfox3, recently identified as the antigen of the widely used anti-NeuN antibody. siRNA-mediated loss-of-function studies using the developing chicken spinal cord revealed that Rbfox3 is required to promote neuronal differentiation of postmitotic neurons. Numb premRNA encoding a signaling adaptor protein was found to be a target of Rbfox3 action, and Rbfox3 repressed the inclusion of an alternative exon via binding to the conserved UGCAUG element in the upstream intron. Depleting a specific Numb splice isoform reproduced similar neuronal differentiation defects. Forced expression of the relevant Numb splice isoform was sufficient to rescue, in an isoform-specific manner, postmitotic neurons from defects in differentiation caused by Rbfox3 depletion. Thus, Rbfox3-dependent Numb alternative splicing plays an important role in the progression of neuronal differentiation during vertebrate development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee K Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Ntelios D, Berninger B, Tzimagiorgis G. Numb and Alzheimer's disease: the current picture. Front Neurosci 2012; 6:145. [PMID: 23060745 PMCID: PMC3463830 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2012.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-three years ago, numb was identified as a critical regulator in Drosophila sensory organ precursor cell asymmetric divisions. Beyond the recently recognized role in carcinogenesis, Numb seems to be important in Alzheimer’s disease. This assertion comes from the involvement in various processes such as synapse morphogenesis, amyloid precursor protein trafficking, notch signaling, and neurogenesis. The purpose of the present mini-review is to provide the current picture of Numb’s participation in mechanisms underlying Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis and emphasize potential aspects for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Ntelios
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki, Greece
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Numb/Numbl-Opo antagonism controls retinal epithelium morphogenesis by regulating integrin endocytosis. Dev Cell 2012; 23:782-95. [PMID: 23041384 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Polarized trafficking of adhesion receptors plays a pivotal role in controlling cellular behavior during morphogenesis. Particularly, clathrin-dependent endocytosis of integrins has long been acknowledged as essential for cell migration. However, little is known about the contribution of integrin trafficking to epithelial tissue morphogenesis. Here we show how the transmembrane protein Opo, previously described for its essential role during optic cup folding, plays a fundamental role in this process. Through interaction with the PTB domain of the clathrin adaptors Numb and Numbl via an integrin-like NPxF motif, Opo antagonizes Numb/Numbl function and acts as a negative regulator of integrin endocytosis in vivo. Accordingly, numb/numbl gain-of-function experiments in teleost embryos mimic the retinal malformations observed in opo mutants. We propose that developmental regulator Opo enables polarized integrin localization by modulating Numb/Numbl, thus directing the basal constriction that shapes the vertebrate retina epithelium.
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Abstract
Endocytosis and endosomal trafficking play a multitude of roles in cellular function beyond regulating entry of essential nutrients. In this review, we discuss the cell biological principles of endosomal trafficking, the neuronal adaptations to endosomal organization, and the role of endosomal trafficking in neural development. In particular, we consider how cell fate decisions, polarity, migration, and axon outgrowth and guidance are influenced by five endosomal tricks: dynamic modulation of receptor levels by endocytosis and recycling, cargo-specific responses via cargo-specific endocytic regulators, cell-type-specific endocytic regulation, ligand-specific endocytic regulation, and endosomal regulation of ligand processing and trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Choo Yap
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, 409 Lane Road, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Solecki DJ. Sticky situations: recent advances in control of cell adhesion during neuronal migration. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2012; 22:791-8. [PMID: 22560352 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The migration of neurons along glial fibers from a germinal zone (GZ) to their final laminar positions is essential for morphogenesis of the developing brain; aberrations in this process are linked to profound neurodevelopmental and cognitive disorders. During this critical morphogenic movement, neurons must navigate complex migration paths, propelling their cell bodies through the dense cellular environment of the developing nervous system to their final destinations. It is not understood how neurons can successfully migrate along their glial guides through the myriad processes and cell bodies of neighboring neurons. Although much progress has been made in understanding the substrates (Fishell G, Hatten ME: Astrotactin provides a receptor system for CNS neuronal migration. Development 1991, 113:755; Elias LA, Wang DD, Kriegstein AR: Gap junction adhesion is necessary for radial migration in the neocortex. Nature 2007, 448:901; Anton ES, Kreidberg JA, Rakic P: Distinct functions of alpha3 and alpha. (v) integrin receptors in neuronal migration and laminar organization of the cerebral cortex. Neuron 1999, 22:277; Anton ES, Marchionni MA, Lee KF, Rakic P: Role of GGF/neuregulin signaling in interactions between migrating neurons and radial glia in the developing cerebral cortex. Development 1997, 124:3501), guidance mechanisms (Polleux F, Whitford KL, Dijkhuizen PA, Vitalis T, Ghosh A: Control of cortical interneuron migration by neurotrophins and PI3-kinase signaling. Development 2002, 129:3147; Zhou P, et al.: Polarized signaling endosomes coordinate BDNF-induced chemotaxis of cerebellar precursors. Neuron 2007, 55:53; Renaud J, et al.: Plexin-A2 and its ligand, Sema6A, control nucleus-centrosome coupling in migrating granule cells. Nat Neurosci 2008, 11:440), cytoskeletal elements (Schaar BT, McConnell SK: Cytoskeletal coordination during neuronal migration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005, 102:13652; Tsai JW, Bremner KH, Vallee RB: Dual subcellular roles for LIS1 and dynein in radial neuronal migration in live brain tissue. Nat Neurosci 2007, 10:970; Solecki DJ, et al.: Myosin II motors and F-actin dynamics drive the coordinated movement of the centrosome and soma during CNS glial-guided neuronal migration. Neuron 2009, 63:63), and post-translational modifications (Patrick GN, Zhou P, Kwon YT, Howley PM, Tsai LH: p35, the neuronal-specific activator of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. J Biol Chem 1998, 273:24057; Suetsugu S, et al.: Regulation of actin cytoskeleton by mDab1 through N-WASP and ubiquitination of mDab1. Biochem J 2004, 384:1; Karakuzu O, Wang DP, Cameron S: MIG-32 and SPAT-3A are PRC1 homologs that control neuronal migration inCaenorhabditis elegans. Development 2009, 136:943) required for neuronal migration, we have yet to elucidate how neurons regulate their cellular interactions and adhesive specificity to follow the appropriate migratory pathways. Here I will examine recent developments in our understanding of the mechanisms controlling neuronal cell adhesion and how these mechanisms interact with crucial neurodevelopmental events, such as GZ exit, migration pathway selection, multipolar-to-radial transition, and final lamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Solecki
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, United States.
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Ascano M, Bodmer D, Kuruvilla R. Endocytic trafficking of neurotrophins in neural development. Trends Cell Biol 2012; 22:266-73. [PMID: 22444728 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
During the formation of neuronal circuits, neurons respond to diffusible cues secreted by target tissues. Often, target-derived signals act on nerve terminals to influence local growth events; in other cases, they are transported long distances back to neuronal cell bodies to effect transcriptional changes necessary for neuronal survival and differentiation. Neurotrophins provide one of the best examples of target-derived cues that elicit an astonishingly diverse array of neuronal responses. Endocytic trafficking of neurotrophins and their receptors is a fundamental feature of neurotrophin signaling, allowing neurotrophins to control neuronal survival by retrograde transport of signaling endosomes containing ligand-receptor complexes. In this review we summarize recent findings that provide new insight into the interplay between neurotrophin signaling and trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ascano
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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