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Lee S, Kim SY, Kwon E, Choi S, Jung DM, Kim KK, Kim EM. A novel G3BP1-GFP reporter human lung cell system enabling real-time monitoring of stress granule dynamics for in vitro lung toxicity assessment. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 269:115755. [PMID: 38039847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Under various cellular stress conditions, including exposure to toxic chemicals, RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), including Ras GTPase-activating protein-binding protein 1 (G3BP1), aggregate and form stress granule complexes, which serve as hallmarks of cellular stress. The existing methods for analyzing stress granule assembly have limitations in the rapid detection of dynamic cellular stress and ignore the effects of constitutively overexpressed RBP on cellular stress and stress-related processes. Therefore, to overcome these limitations, we established a G3BP1-GFP reporter in a human lung epithelial cell line using CRISPR/Cas9-based knock-in as an alternative system for stress granule analysis. We showed that the G3BP1-GFP reporter system responds to stress conditions and forms a stress granule complex similar to that of native G3BP1. Furthermore, we validated the stress granule response of an established cell line under exposure to various household chemicals. Overall, this novel G3BP1-GFP reporter human lung cell system is capable of monitoring stress granule dynamics in real time and can be used for assessing the lung toxicity of various substances in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangsoo Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea; Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, South Korea
| | - Eunhye Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Sunkyung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Da-Min Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea.
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, South Korea.
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2
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Adelipour M, Hwang H, Kwon D, Kim KK, Moon JH, Lubman DM, Kim J. Evaluation of the effect of dimethyl fumarate on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells using bottom-up proteomics. Biochimie 2023:S0300-9084(23)00289-4. [PMID: 37931793 PMCID: PMC11068858 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have potential as a viable treatment option in the field of regenerative medicine, but MSC-based therapy needs to be more efficient. Preconditioning is a method to improve MSC-based therapy, and dimethyl fumarate (DMF) - an agent that can enhance the antioxidative capacity of cells - can be considered for preconditioning of MSCs. In this study, we treated bone marrow-derived MSCs with DMF and evaluated their proteome using bottom-up proteomics. The MSCs were exposed to 10 μM DMF for 24 h, followed by lysis with an SDS solution, digestion with trypsin using an s-trap column, and analysis using nanoLC-MS/MS, which identified 2262 proteins with confidence. Bioinformatic analysis of the identified proteins revealed 47 upregulated proteins and 81 downregulated proteins upon DMF treatment. Pathway enrichment analysis suggested a possible decrease in autophagy and a decrease in the activity of the TCA cycle, while indicating a potential increase in proliferation and antioxidant activity in DMF-treated MSCs compared to untreated MSCs. Our findings suggest that DMF can enhance the proliferation of MSCs and increase their stability, and that preconditioning could improve the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs for the treatment of regenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Adelipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyung Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Moon
- Core Research Facility and Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - David M Lubman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 55, USA
| | - Jeongkwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Choi S, Cho N, Kim EM, Kim KK. The role of alternative pre-mRNA splicing in cancer progression. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:249. [PMID: 37875914 PMCID: PMC10594706 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative pre-mRNA splicing is a critical mechanism that generates multiple mRNA from a single gene, thereby increasing the diversity of the proteome. Recent research has highlighted the significance of specific splicing isoforms in cellular processes, particularly in regulating cell numbers. In this review, we examine the current understanding of the role of alternative splicing in controlling cancer cell growth and discuss specific splicing factors and isoforms and their molecular mechanisms in cancer progression. These isoforms have been found to intricately control signaling pathways crucial for cell cycle progression, proliferation, and apoptosis. Furthermore, studies have elucidated the characteristics and functional importance of splicing factors that influence cell numbers. Abnormal expression of oncogenic splicing isoforms and splicing factors, as well as disruptions in splicing caused by genetic mutations, have been implicated in the development and progression of tumors. Collectively, these findings provide valuable insights into the complex interplay between alternative splicing and cell proliferation, thereby suggesting the potential of alternative splicing as a therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunkyung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Namjoon Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Jung DM, Kwon E, Choi S, Kim KK. 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene induces stress granule formation and causes DNA damage in human keratinocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 92:105638. [PMID: 37406782 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Household chemical products are typically evaluated for toxicity through ingestion and inhalation, with limited information on skin absorption. Furthermore, current research focuses on the long-term toxic effects of harmful substances contained in these household chemical products, however not much is known about their acute toxic effects. In this study, the effects of 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene (THB) in human keratinocytes by examining its effects on stress granule (SG) formation, a marker of acute stress response, and DNA double strand breaks caused by repeated exposure. THB effectively induced SG formation via endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated eIF2α phosphorylation in keratinocytes. Furthermore, repeated exposure to THB causes apoptotic cell death due to DNA double strand breaks. Collectively, THB exposure leads to skin toxicity, suggesting precautions for the use of THB-containing household chemical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Min Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunkyung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Jung DM, Kim KK, Kim EM. Chloromethylisothiazolinone induces ER stress-induced stress granule formation in human keratinocytes. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2023; 27:171-179. [PMID: 37636324 PMCID: PMC10448836 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2023.2250852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT), a humidifier disinfectant, is known to be toxic to the respiratory system. While the toxic effect of CMIT on the lungs has been widely investigated, its effect on the skin is well unknown. In this study, we examined stress granule (SG) formation to investigate the cytotoxic effects of CMIT on human keratinocytes. We assessed the viability of the cells following CMIT exposure and performed immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoblot analyses to determine SG formation and downstream pathways. The IC50 values in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells after CMIT exposure for 1 and 24 h were 11 and 8 μg/mL, respectively, showing no significant difference. As determined using immunofluorescence microscopy, SG formation was effectively induced after CMIT exposure. Moreover, the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor-2α (eIF2α), a translation initiation factor, and protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase, which plays a role in the ER stress-mediated eIF2α phosphorylation, was confirmed by CMIT exposure. These results suggest that exposure to CMIT can have detrimental effects on the skin, even briefly, by inducing SG formation through ER stress in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Min Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee K. Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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6
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Park S, Jalaludin I, Hwang H, Ko M, Adelipour M, Hwan M, Cho N, Kim KK, Lubman DM, Kim J. Size-exclusion chromatography for the characterization of urinary extracellular vesicles. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1228:123828. [PMID: 37480686 PMCID: PMC10530618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained attention for their potential as biomarkers for the early diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Traditionally, EV isolation has relied exclusively on ultracentrifugation. However, alternative enrichment methods such as size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and polyethylene glycol-based precipitation have been introduced. This study utilized SEC as a characterization tool to assess the efficiency of EV isolation. Urinary EVs isolated from human urine using centrifugation (40,000 × g) were analyzed using an SEC column with a pore size of 1000 Å, an inner diameter of 7.8 mm, and a length of 300 mm. The EVs were detected sequentially using UV (280 nm) and fluorescence (λex/em = 550 nm/565 nm); the EVs were observed at approximately 6 min, while the proteins were observed at approximately 12 min. The repeated centrifugation enrichment steps resulted in an increase in EV peaks and a decrease in protein peaks. SEC analysis of the enriched EV samples confirmed that a four-cycle repetition of centrifugation is necessary for successful EV enrichment and removal of non-EV proteins from 40 mL of human urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghwi Park
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Iqbal Jalaludin
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310 Johor, Malaysia
| | - Hyojin Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Maryam Adelipour
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Myung Hwan
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Namjoon Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - David M Lubman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jeongkwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Choi S, Cho N, Kim KK. The implications of alternative pre-mRNA splicing in cell signal transduction. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:755-766. [PMID: 37009804 PMCID: PMC10167241 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00981-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells produce multiple mRNAs through alternative splicing, which ensures proteome diversity. Because most human genes undergo alternative splicing, key components of signal transduction pathways are no exception. Cells regulate various signal transduction pathways, including those associated with cell proliferation, development, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. Since proteins produced through alternative splicing can exhibit diverse biological functions, splicing regulatory mechanisms affect all signal transduction pathways. Studies have demonstrated that proteins generated by the selective combination of exons encoding important domains can enhance or attenuate signal transduction and can stably and precisely regulate various signal transduction pathways. However, aberrant splicing regulation via genetic mutation or abnormal expression of splicing factors negatively affects signal transduction pathways and is associated with the onset and progression of various diseases, including cancer. In this review, we describe the effects of alternative splicing regulation on major signal transduction pathways and highlight the significance of alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunkyung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Namjoon Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Choi S, Kim EM, Kim SY, Choi Y, Choi S, Cho N, Park HJ, Kim KK. Particulate matter exposure exacerbates cellular damage by increasing stress granule formation in respiratory syncytial virus-infected human lung organoids. Environ Pollut 2022; 315:120439. [PMID: 36257563 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) increases morbidity and mortality in respiratory diseases by causing various adverse health effects; however, the effects of PM exposure on cellular stress under virus-infected conditions remain unclear. The effects of PM under 10 μm (PM10) and diesel PM (DPM) on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection were investigated in human two-dimensional lung epithelial cells and human three-dimensional lung organoids mimicking the lung tissue. We evaluated the formation of stress granules, which are important in cellular adaptation to various stress conditions. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of repeated exposure to PM10 and DPM on DNA damage and cell death during viral infection. PM10 and DPM did not cause stress granule formation in the absence of RSV infection but drastically increased stress granule formation and signal transduction during RSV infection in human lung epithelial cells and human lung organoids. Further, repeated exposure to PM10 and DPM caused cell death by severely damaging DNA under RSV infection conditions. Thus, PM10 and DPM induce severe lung toxicity under stress conditions, such as viral infection, suggesting that the effects of PMs under various stressful conditions should be examined to accurately predict the lung toxicity of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunkyung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea; Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongsoo Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seri Choi
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Namjoon Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Jin Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Kim JH, Yang H, Kim KK. Camellia japonica Root Extract Increases Antioxidant Genes by Induction of NRF2 in HeLa Cells. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:2914. [PMID: 36365366 PMCID: PMC9655997 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Camellia japonica L. (Theaceae) has been used for medicinal and cosmetic purposes in East Asian countries. Most functional components were obtained from the upper parts of the tree, such as leaves, flowers, or seeds. Here, we report a functional effect of the 80% methanolic extract of C. japonica root (CJRE) on antioxidative stress in HeLa cells. The nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a key transcription factor that triggers the induction of oxidative stress-relating genes and drug detoxification. As result, CJRE showed a strong anti-radical scavenging effect in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the induction of antioxidant response elements (ARE)-luciferase activity was maximized at CJRE 200 µg/mL. Furthermore, CJRE induced the mRNA levels of HO-1 and NQO1 by the nuclear NRF2 accumulation. As a possible mechanism of Nrf2 activation, the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2 signaling might fortify the NRF2 induction as well as its stability. However, the phosphorylation of AKT is rather decreased. Taken together, CJRE may potentiate the antioxidant effects by increasing the NRF2 signaling through MAP kinase signaling and the properties of its radical scavenging activity. Thus, CJRE could apply for other medicinal and cosmetic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Heejung Yang
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Kee K. Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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10
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Jung H, Jung D, Lee J, Ki W, Lee JM, Kim EM, Nam MS, Kim KK. Bioactive peptides in the pancreatin-hydrolysates of whey protein support cell proliferation and scavenge reactive oxygen species. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2022; 26:232-242. [PMID: 36275446 PMCID: PMC9586699 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2022.2130425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Whey protein (WP) in milk shows physiologically active functions such as cholesterol control and immune system strengthening. In this study, we performed hydrolysis and peptide polarity fractionation to enhance the efficacy and diversity of its physiological activities, using the digesting enzyme, pancreatin. Our results indicate that hydrolysis significantly increased the cell proliferation of the WP fractions, with the lower-polarity fractions showing greater efficacy in this regard. Our results indicate that hydrolysis significantly increases cell proliferation of the WP fractions. Additionally, we confirmed differences in the antioxidant activity of the WP fractions as a function of polarity was confirmed via scavenging 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay in vitro. WP itself did not show anti-inflammatory efficacy. However, all the hydrolyzed fractions downregulated the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in all treated cell lines and, based on a senescence-associated (SA)-β-galactosidase assay, the fraction with the lowest polarity (F6) inhibited cellular senescence to the greatest extent. Furthermore, we identified the peptide sequences with various physiological activities from whey protein hydrolysates through mass spectrometry. Taken together, our results indicate that the fractionation of WP via hydrolysis generates novel functions including promoting cellular cell proliferation, anti-inflammatory effects, and enhancing antioxidant and anti-cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haesoo Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Damin Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Ki
- Division of Animal Resource Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Soo Nam
- Division of Animal Resource Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee K. Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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11
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Jung H, Kim YS, Jung DM, Lee KS, Lee JM, Kim KK. Melittin-derived peptides exhibit variations in cytotoxicity and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and allergenic activities. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2022; 26:158-165. [PMID: 36046032 PMCID: PMC9423820 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2022.2099971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Melittin is a major component of bee venom; it is widely used in traditional medicine because of its therapeutic effects, such as anti-inflammatory effects. However, melittin has limited medical applications owing to its adverse effects, such as high cytotoxicity. In this study, we investigated the physiological activities of various hydrolyzed melittin-derived peptides to eliminate the cytotoxicity of melittin and enhance its efficacy. The 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay confirmed that melittin-derived peptides showed antioxidant activity comparable to that of melittin. Moreover, unlike melittin, which showed high cytotoxicity in the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)−5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)−2-(4-sulfophenyl)−2H-tetrazolium inner salt (MTS) assay, the melittin-derived peptides showed negligible cytotoxicity. Among the melittin-derived peptides, the peptide composed of sequence TTGLPALISWIKRKRQQ (P1) showed inhibitory effects on the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and phosphorylation of IκBα, similar to the effects of melittin in RAW 264.7 cells. Degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells was analyzed using a β-hexosaminidase release assay to confirm the allergenic activity of melittin and P1, which showed remarkably reduced allergenicity of P1 compared to that of melittin. These results indicate that P1 maintained the anti-inflammatory effects of melittin while reducing its cytotoxicity and allergic reactions. In conclusion, the melittin-derived peptide P1 efficiently decreased the adverse effects while maintaining the beneficial effects of melittin, making it suitable for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haesoo Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Soo Kim
- Dong Seo Medical Research Institute, Namyangju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Min Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Seob Lee
- Dong Seo Medical Research Institute, Namyangju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee K. Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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12
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Hyun SA, Ko MY, Jang S, Lee BS, Rho J, Kim KK, Kim WY, Ka M. Bisphenol-A impairs synaptic formation and function by RGS4-mediated negative regulation of BDNF/NTRK2 signaling in the cerebral cortex. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:276081. [PMID: 35781563 PMCID: PMC9346518 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a representative endocrine disruptor, widely used in a variety of products including plastics, medical equipment and receipts. Hence, most people are exposed to BPA via the skin, digestive system or inhalation in everyday life. Furthermore, BPA crosses the blood–brain barrier and is linked to multiple neurological dysfunctions found in neurodegenerative and neuropsychological disorders. However, the mechanisms underlying BPA-associated neurological dysfunctions remain poorly understood. Here, we report that BPA exposure alters synapse morphology and function in the cerebral cortex. Cortical pyramidal neurons treated with BPA showed reduced size and number of dendrites and spines. The density of excitatory synapses was also decreased by BPA treatment. More importantly, we found that BPA disrupted normal synaptic transmission and cognitive behavior. RGS4 and its downstream BDNF/NTRK2 pathway appeared to mediate the effect of BPA on synaptic and neurological function. Our findings provide molecular mechanistic insights into anatomical and physiological neurotoxic consequences related to a potent endocrine modifier. Summary: Bisphenol-A (BPA) disrupts normal synaptic transmission and cognitive behavior in mice. Rgs4 transcription factor and its downstream BDNF/NTRK2 pathway appear to mediate the effect of BPA on synaptic and neurological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ae Hyun
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Yi Ko
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Sumi Jang
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Seok Lee
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaerang Rho
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Yang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Minhan Ka
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
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13
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Choi S, Lee HS, Cho N, Kim I, Cheon S, Park C, Kim EM, Kim W, Kim KK. RBFOX2-regulated TEAD1 alternative splicing plays a pivotal role in Hippo-YAP signaling. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:8658-8673. [PMID: 35699208 PMCID: PMC9410899 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative pre-mRNA splicing is key to proteome diversity; however, the biological roles of alternative splicing (AS) in signaling pathways remain elusive. Here, we focus on TEA domain transcription factor 1 (TEAD1), a YAP binding factor in the Hippo signaling pathway. Public database analyses showed that expression of YAP-TEAD target genes negatively correlated with the expression of a TEAD1 isoform lacking exon 6 (TEAD1ΔE6) but did not correlate with overall TEAD1 expression. We confirmed that the transcriptional activity and oncogenic properties of the full-length TEAD1 isoform were greater than those of TEAD1ΔE6, with the difference in transcription related to YAP interaction. Furthermore, we showed that RNA-binding Fox-1 homolog 2 (RBFOX2) promoted the inclusion of TEAD1 exon 6 via binding to the conserved GCAUG element in the downstream intron. These results suggest a regulatory mechanism of RBFOX2-mediated TEAD1 AS and provide insight into AS-specific modulation of signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunkyung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Seong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Namjoon Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Inyoung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongmin Cheon
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.,Proteomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungoo Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Wantae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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14
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Jung H, Jung DM, Lee SS, Kim EM, Yoon K, Kim KK. Mangifera Indica leaf extracts promote hair growth via activation of Wnt signaling pathway in human dermal papilla cells. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2022; 26:129-136. [PMID: 35784391 PMCID: PMC9246026 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2022.2085790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between androgens and Wnt signaling pathways is critical in the hair growth cycle. Therefore, natural products that target these two pathways for the inhibition of hair loss are sought after. In this study, we investigated the effect of water extracts of Mangifera indica leaves (WEML) on hair growth. WEML treatment significantly reduced the expression levels of both dickkopf-1 (DKK1) and type 2 5α-reductase (SRD5A2) involved in Wnt signal suppression activity and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) synthesis, respectively, in human follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDP). In addition, WEML treatment effectively upregulated Wnt target genes and downregulated DKK1 expression that was increased by DHT treatment. Degranulation analysis in rat basophilic leukemia mast cell line (RBL-2H3) using β-hexosaminidase release assay confirmed that WEML did not exhibit allergenic activity. Furthermore, hair growth was significantly enhanced in in vivo mice model treated with WEML. These results suggest that M. indica leave extract contains bioactive materials that can be used to treat hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haesoo Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Min Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungah Yoon
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Daejeon Health Institute of Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee K. Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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15
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Choi S, Choi J, Cheon S, Song J, Kim SY, Kim JE, Nam DH, Manzar G, Kim SM, Kang HS, Kim KK, Jeong SH, Lee JH, Park EK, Lee M, Lee HA, Kim KS, Park HJ, Oh WK, Park C, Lee CH, Kim EM. Pulmonary fibrosis model using micro-CT analyzable human PSC-derived alveolar organoids containing alveolar macrophage-like cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2022; 38:557-575. [PMID: 35267148 PMCID: PMC8907399 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09698-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human lung organoids (hLOs) are useful for disease modelling and drug screening. However, a lack of immune cells in hLOs limits the recapitulation of in vivo cellular physiology. Here, we generated hLOs containing alveolar macrophage (AMφ)–like cells derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSC). To bridge hLOs with advanced human lung high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (CT), we acquired quantitative micro-CT images. Three hLO types were observed during differentiation. Among them, alveolar hLOs highly expressed not only lung epithelial cell markers but also AMφ-specific markers. Furthermore, CD68+ AMφ-like cells were spatially organized on the luminal epithelial surface of alveolar hLOs. Bleomycin-treated alveolar hLOs showed upregulated expression of fibrosis-related markers and extracellular matrix deposits in the alveolar sacs. Alveolar hLOs also showed structural alterations such as excessive tissue fraction under bleomycin treatment. Therefore, we suggest that micro-CT analyzable PSC-derived alveolar hLOs are a promising in vitro model to predict lung toxicity manifestations, including fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seri Choi
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.,Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoong Choi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Seongmin Cheon
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihong Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA, 95128, USA
| | - Seung-Yeon Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hwan Nam
- Immune Research Institute, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, 04805, Republic of Korea
| | - Gohar Manzar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77025, USA
| | - Su-Man Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Kang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Jeong
- Medical Science Research Center, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi, 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Han Lee
- Department of Pathology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi, 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kee Park
- Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, 49267, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseob Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Ae Lee
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Suk Kim
- R&D Center for Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Evaluation, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Jin Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungoo Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang Hyun Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Choi S, Cho N, Kim KK. Non-canonical splice junction processing increases the diversity of RBFOX2 splicing isoforms. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 144:106172. [PMID: 35124219 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms of splicing regulation through non-canonical splice junction processing remain largely unknown. Here, we identified two RBFOX2 splicing isoforms by alternative 3' splice site selection of exon 9; the non-canonical splice junction processed RBFOX2 transcript (RBFOX2-N.C.) was expressed by the selection of the 3' splice GG acceptor sequence. The cytoplasmic localization of RBFOX2-C., a canonical splice junction-processed RBFOX2 transcript, was different from that of RBFOX2-N.C., which showed nuclear localization. In addition, we confirmed that RBFOX2-C. showed a significantly stronger localization into stress granules than RBFOX2-N.C. upon sodium arsenite treatment. Next, we investigated the importance of non-canonical 3' splice GG sequence selection of specific cis-regulatory elements using minigene constructs of the RBFOX2 gene. We found that the non-canonical 3' splice GG sequence and suboptimal branch point site adjacent region were critical for RBFOX2-N.C. expression through a non-canonical 3' splice selection. Our results suggest a regulatory mechanism for the non-canonical 3' splice selection in the RBFOX2 gene, providing a basis for studies related to the regulation of alternative pre-mRNA splicing through non-canonical splice junction processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunkyung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Namjoon Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Choi S, Choi S, Choi Y, Cho N, Kim SY, Lee CH, Park HJ, Oh WK, Kim KK, Kim EM. Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate increases stress granule formation in human 3D lung organoids under respiratory syncytial virus infection. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 229:113094. [PMID: 34942421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-p), a humidifier disinfectant, is known to cause lung toxicity, including inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of PHMG-p on human lung tissue models (2D epithelial cells and 3D organoids) under conditions of oxidative stress and viral infection. The effect of PHMG-p was studied by evaluating the formation of stress granules (SGs), which play a pivotal role in cellular adaptation to various stress conditions. Under oxidative stress and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, exposure to PHMG-p remarkably increased eIF2α phosphorylation, which is essential for SG-related signalling, and significantly increased SG formation. Furthermore, PHMG-p induced fibrotic gene expression and caused cell death due to severe DNA damage, which was further increased under oxidative stress and RSV infection, indicating that PHMG-p induces severe lung toxicity under stress conditions. Taken together, toxicity evaluation under various stressful conditions is necessary to accurately predict potential lung toxicity of chemicals affecting the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seri Choi
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, South Korea; Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sunkyung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Yeongsoo Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Namjoon Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yeon Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, South Korea; Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Lee
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Han-Jin Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, South Korea
| | - Won Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea.
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, South Korea.
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18
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Hyun SA, Lee CY, Ko MY, Chon SH, Kim YJ, Seo JW, Kim KK, Ka M. Cardiac toxicity from bisphenol A exposure in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 428:115696. [PMID: 34419494 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known endocrine-disrupting chemical that is widely used in a variety of products, including plastics, medical equipment and receipts. Hence, most people are exposed to BPA through the skin, via inhalation and via the digestive system, and such exposure has been linked to cardiovascular diseases including coronary artery disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and myocardial infarction. However, the underlying mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction caused by BPA remain poorly understood. In this study, we found that BPA exposure altered cardiac function in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Acute BPA exposure in hiPSC-CMs resulted in reduced field potential, as measured by multielectrode array (MEA). Furthermore, we observed that BPA dose-dependently inhibited ICa, INa or IKr channels. In addition, BPA exposure dose-dependently inhibited calcium transients and contraction in hiPSC-CMs. Our findings suggest that BPA exposure leads to cardiac dysfunction and cardiac risk factors such as arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ae Hyun
- Substance Abuse Pharmacology Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Youn Lee
- Substance Abuse Pharmacology Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Yi Ko
- Substance Abuse Pharmacology Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hwa Chon
- Substance Abuse Pharmacology Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Ji Kim
- Substance Abuse Pharmacology Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Wook Seo
- Substance Abuse Pharmacology Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhan Ka
- Substance Abuse Pharmacology Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Lee HS, Kim YS, Lee KS, Seo HS, Lee CY, Kim KK. Detoxification of Bee Venom Increases Its Anti-inflammatory Activity and Decreases Its Cytotoxicity and Allergenic Activity. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:4068-4082. [PMID: 34542820 PMCID: PMC8450311 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03653-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bee venom is a medicinal product that is widely used in traditional therapies owing to its excellent anti-inflammatory activity. However, the use of bee venom has shown adverse effects. Therefore, there is a need for research that can remove the cytotoxicity of bee venom and enhance its efficacy. In this study, we hydrolyzed melittin, the main component of bee venom, and removed the other components to eliminate the toxicity of bee venom. To compare the efficacy of bee venom and detoxified bee venom, we examined their antioxidant effects using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. In addition, cytotoxicity was confirmed in MCF 10A and RAW 264.7 cells, using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) assay. Detoxified bee venom showed a strong antioxidant activity and decreased a cytotoxicity in MCF 10A and RAW 264.7 cells. The anti-inflammatory activity of detoxified bee venom and bee venom were assessed by comparison of the expression of inflammatory cytokine mRNA and phosphorylation of IκBα in RAW 264.7 cells. Degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells was analyzed through β-hexosaminidase release assay to confirm the allergenic activity of bee venom and detoxified bee venom. Treatment of the detoxified bee venom inhibited inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression, IκBα phosphorylation, and β-hexosaminidase release. Taken together, the results indicated that compared to bee venom, detoxified bee venom exhibited decreased cytotoxicity and allergenicity and increased anti-inflammatory activity. In conclusion, detoxification of bee venom efficiently decreases the adverse effects, making it suitable for medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Sung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Soo Kim
- Dong Seo Medical Research Institute, 12048, 15, Yangji-ro, Onam-eup, Namyangju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Seob Lee
- Dong Seo Medical Research Institute, 12048, 15, Yangji-ro, Onam-eup, Namyangju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Suk Seo
- Dong Seo Medical Research Institute, 12048, 15, Yangji-ro, Onam-eup, Namyangju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Yong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Won M, Choi S, Cheon S, Kim EM, Kwon TK, Kim J, Kim YE, Sohn KC, Hur GM, Kim KK. Octyl syringate is preferentially cytotoxic to cancer cells via lysosomal membrane permeabilization and autophagic flux inhibition. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 39:183-199. [PMID: 34523043 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09653-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The autophagy-mediated lysosomal pathway plays an important role in conferring stress tolerance to tumor cells during cellular stress such as increased metabolic demands. Thus, targeted disruption of this function and inducing lysosomal cell death have been proved to be a useful cancer therapeutic approach. In this study, we reported that octyl syringate (OS), a novel phenolic derivate, was preferentially cytotoxic to various cancer cells but was significantly less cytotoxic to non-transformed cells. Treatment with OS resulted in non-apoptotic cell death in a caspase-independent manner. Notably, OS not only enhanced accumulation of autophagic substrates, including lapidated LC3 and sequestosome-1, but also inhibited their degradation via an autophagic flux. In addition, OS destabilized the lysosomal function, followed by the intracellular accumulation of the non-digestive autophagic substrates such as bovine serum albumin and stress granules. Furthermore, OS triggered the release of lysosomal enzymes into the cytoplasm that contributed to OS-induced non-apoptotic cell death. Finally, we demonstrated that OS was well tolerated and reduced tumor growth in mouse xenograft models. Taken together, our study identifies OS as a novel anticancer agent that induces lysosomal destabilization and subsequently inhibits autophagic flux and further supports development of OS as a lysosome-targeting compound in cancer therapy. • Octyl syringate, a phenolic derivate, is preferentially cytotoxic to various cancer cells. • Octyl syringate destabilizes the lysosomal function. • Octyl syringate blocks the autophagic flux. • Octyl syringate is a potential candidate compound for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minho Won
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 35015, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Biotechnology Process Engineering Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunkyung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghye Cheon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewhan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Eun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Cheol Sohn
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 35015, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang Min Hur
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 35015, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Lee SS, Kim YA, Eun B, Yoo J, Kim EM, Nam MS, Kim KK. Betaine, a component of Lycium chinense, enhances muscular endurance of mice and myogenesis of myoblasts. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:5083-5091. [PMID: 34532017 PMCID: PMC8441376 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a disease characterized by the loss of muscle mass and function that occurs mainly in older adults. The present study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that water extract of Lycium chinense (WELC) would improve muscle function and promote myogenesis for sarcopenia. We investigated the effect of water extracts of L. chinense on muscular endurance function and myogenesis to examine its efficacy in sarcopenia. Intake of WELC-containing cheese enhanced the muscular endurance function of mice in treadmill endurance tests. In addition, the cross-sectional areas of muscle fibers in the gastrocnemius muscle of L. chinense-fed mice were greater than that of control mice. Furthermore, WELC and its key component marker substance betaine promoted myogenesis of myoblasts by increasing the expression of the myogenic protein myosin heavy chain 3 (Myh3) and myotube formation. Taken together, our results suggest that L. chinense may potentially be useful in the development of preventive and therapeutic agents for sarcopenia, as well as in providing basic knowledge on myogenesis and muscular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Soo Lee
- Department of Biochemistry Chungnam National University Daejeon Korea
| | - Yong-An Kim
- Department of Biochemistry Chungnam National University Daejeon Korea
| | - Bokkee Eun
- Core Laboratory for Convergent Translational Research Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Jayeon Yoo
- National Institute of Animal Science RDA Wanjugun Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology Korea Institute of Toxicology Daejeon South Korea
| | - Myoung Soo Nam
- Division of Animal Resource Science Chungnam National University Daejeon Korea
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry Chungnam National University Daejeon Korea
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22
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Lee CY, Hyun SA, Ko MY, Kim HR, Rho J, Kim KK, Kim WY, Ka M. Maternal Bisphenol A (BPA) Exposure Alters Cerebral Cortical Morphogenesis and Synaptic Function in Mice. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:5598-5612. [PMID: 34171088 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-life exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), synthetic compound used in polycarbonate plastic, is associated with altered cognitive and emotional behavior later in life. However, the brain mechanism underlying the behavioral deficits is unknown. Here, we show that maternal BPA exposure disrupted self-renewal and differentiation of neural progenitors during cortical development. The BPA exposure reduced the neuron number, whereas it increased glial cells in the cerebral cortex. Also, synaptic formation and transmission in the cerebral cortex were suppressed after maternal BPA exposure. These changes appeared to be associated with autophagy as a gene ontology analysis of RNA-seq identified an autophagy domain in the BPA condition. Mouse behavioral tests revealed that maternal BPA caused hyperactivity and social deficits in adult offspring. Together, these results suggest that maternal BPA exposure leads to abnormal cortical architecture and function likely by activating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Youn Lee
- Substance Abuse Pharmacology Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ae Hyun
- Substance Abuse Pharmacology Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Yi Ko
- Substance Abuse Pharmacology Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryeong Kim
- Substance Abuse Pharmacology Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaerang Rho
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Yang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Minhan Ka
- Substance Abuse Pharmacology Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
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23
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Cambronero-Urena A, Choi S, Choi S, Kim KK, Kim EM. Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate, chloromethylisothiazolinone, and particulate matter are dispensable for stress granule formation in human airway epithelial cells. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2021; 25:146-151. [PMID: 34262657 PMCID: PMC8253204 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2021.1931442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental risk factors are recognized as threats to public health. Stress granules (SGs) are non-membranous assemblies of mRNAs and proteins expressed in response to various stressors to promote cell survival. In this study, SG formation was examined to confirm the effects of polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG), chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT), and particulate matter (PM10) in airway epithelial cells, A549, HPAEpiC, and BEAS-2B cells. SGs were not observed after CMIT, PHMG, and PM10 treatments, as determined by immunofluorescence microscopy. Moreover, there was no change in the phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2αfollowing treatment with PHMG, CMIT, and PM10. Taken together, our findings might help determine the biological hazards of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunkyung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seri Choi
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea
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24
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Kim Y, Lee S, Yoo J, Kim E, Nam MS, Kim KK. Effects of Gouda cheese and Allium hookeri on thermogenesis in mice. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:1232-1239. [PMID: 33598207 PMCID: PMC7866615 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cheese contains various beneficial nutrients, including calcium and whey protein, as well as large amounts of saturated fatty acids. Thus, intake of cheese increases the production of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), a well-defined risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, identification of natural products that inhibit LDL-C production following cheese intake and verification of the efficacy of such products in animal models are essential. Here, we evaluated the effects of Allium hookeri, a well-known traditional herbal remedy, on metabolism and thermogenesis in mice consuming a cheese-containing diet. Intake of A. hookeri extracts significantly blocked increases in body weight and fat mass caused by intake of Gouda cheese in mice. Additionally, increases in blood triglyceride levels following intake of Gouda cheese were alleviated by A. hookeri. Moreover, intake of Gouda cheese enhanced thermogenesis efficiency. Thus, A. hookeri may have applications as an important additive for reducing the risk of metabolic disease resulting from cheese consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong‐An Kim
- Department of BiochemistryChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
| | - Sang‐Soo Lee
- Department of BiochemistryChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
| | - Jayeon Yoo
- National Institute of Animal ScienceRDAWanju‐gunJeolabuk‐doKorea
| | - Eun‐Mi Kim
- Department of Predictive ToxicologyKorea Institute of ToxicologyDaejeonKorea
| | - Myoung Soo Nam
- Division of Animal Resource ScienceChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
| | - Kee K. Kim
- Department of BiochemistryChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
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25
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Cho N, Lee B, Choi S, Kim J, Kim J, Yu J, Kim KK. Brucite shows antibacterial activity via establishment of alkaline conditions. RSC Adv 2021; 11:18003-18008. [PMID: 35480177 PMCID: PMC9033193 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10071d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucite, a mineral form of magnesium hydroxide, has been used industrially as a useful refractory insulator. However, its antibacterial activity remains largely unknown. This study investigated the antibacterial activity of brucite in two bacterial strains, Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive). Brucite, compared to other minerals, showed a strong antibacterial activity against both bacterial strains. The surface structure of brucite examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) had no implications in its antibacterial activity. Brucite in lysogeny broth (LB) medium maintained the basicity (pH 9) of the solution for a prolonged period of time. The basicity of the medium was responsible for the antibacterial activity of brucite. The study results identified brucite as a potent antibacterial agent that required no further processing and also revealed the underlying mechanism of action responsible for its antibacterial activity. Brucite, a mineral form of magnesium hydroxide, has been used industrially as a useful refractory insulator.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Namjoon Cho
- Department of Biochemistry
- College of Natural Sciences
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Boyeong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry
- College of Natural Sciences
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sunkyung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry
- College of Natural Sciences
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewhan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry
- College of Natural Sciences
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Geological Sciences
- College of Natural Sciences
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyung Yu
- Department of Geological Sciences
- College of Natural Sciences
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Kee K. Kim
- Department of Biochemistry
- College of Natural Sciences
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
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26
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Cho N, Lee SG, Kim JO, Kim YA, Kim EM, Park C, Ji JH, Kim KK. Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes Associated with Extracellular Matrix Degradation and Inflammatory Regulation in Calcific Tendinopathy Using RNA Sequencing. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 107:489-498. [PMID: 32776213 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Calcific tendinopathy (CT), developed due to calcium hydroxyapatite deposition in the rotator cuff tendon, mostly affects women in their 40 s and 50 s and causes severe shoulder pain. However, the molecular basis of its pathogenesis and appropriate treatment methods are largely unknown. In this study, we identified 202 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between calcific and adjacent normal tendon tissues of rotator cuff using RNA sequencing-based transcriptome analysis. The DEGs were highly enriched in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and inflammation-related processes. Further, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13), two of the enzymes associated with ECM degradation, were found to be highly upregulated 25.85- and 19.40-fold, respectively, in the calcific tendon tissues compared to the adjacent normal tendon tissues. Histopathological analyses indicated collagen degradation and macrophage infiltration at the sites of calcific deposit in the rotator cuff tendon. Our study acts as a foundation that may help in better understanding of the pathogenesis associated with CT, and thus in better management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namjoon Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Gwon Lee
- School of Biological Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ok Kim
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-An Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungoo Park
- School of Biological Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Hun Ji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Choi S, Kim KJ, Cheon S, Kim EM, Kim YA, Park C, Kim KK. Biochemical activity of magnesium ions on human osteoblast migration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 531:588-594. [PMID: 32814632 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium is well known as a biodegradable biomaterial that has been reported to promote bone remodeling in several studies; however, the underlying biological mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, the role of magnesium ions in the migration of U-2 OS cells, which are osteoblast-like cell lines, was investigated. Magnesium treatment did not significantly alter the global transcriptome of U-2 OS cells, but increased the protein expression level of SNAI2, an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker. In addition, it was confirmed that the junctional site localization of Zona-occludens 1 (ZO-1), a representative tight junction protein, was destroyed by magnesium treatment; furthermore, it was determined that cytoplasmic localization increased, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity increased. The obtained results on the mechanism by which magnesium is involved in osteoblast migration, which is important for fracture healing, will contribute to the understanding of the bone-formation process in patients with osteoporosis and musculoskeletal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunkyung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jung Kim
- Department of Smart Car Engineering, Doowon Technical University, Paju, Gyeonggi-do, 10838, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongmin Cheon
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, GwangJu, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-An Kim
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungoo Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, GwangJu, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Yu J, Lee S, Choi S, Kim KK, Ryu B, Kim CY, Jung CR, Min BH, Xin YZ, Park SA, Kim W, Lee D, Lee J. Fabrication of a Polycaprolactone/Alginate Bipartite Hybrid Scaffold for Osteochondral Tissue Using a Three-Dimensional Bioprinting System. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2203. [PMID: 32992994 PMCID: PMC7599520 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral defects, including damage to both the articular cartilage and the subchondral bone, are challenging to repair. Although many technological advancements have been made in recent years, there are technical difficulties in the engineering of cartilage and bone layers, simultaneously. Moreover, there is a great need for a valuable in vitro platform enabling the assessment of osteochondral tissues to reduce pre-operative risk. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting systems may be a promising approach for fabricating human tissues and organs. Here, we aimed to develop a polycaprolactone (PCL)/alginate bipartite hybrid scaffold using a multihead 3D bioprinting system. The hybrid scaffold was composed of PCL, which could improve the mechanical properties of the construct, and alginate, encapsulating progenitor cells that could differentiate into cartilage and bone. To differentiate the bipartite hybrid scaffold into osteochondral tissue, a polydimethylsiloxane coculture system for osteochondral tissue (PCSOT) was designed and developed. Based on evaluation of the biological performance of the novel hybrid scaffold, the PCL/alginate bipartite scaffold was successfully fabricated; importantly, our findings suggest that this PCSOT system may be applicable as an in vitro platform for osteochondral tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunJie Yu
- Department of Nature-Inspired System and Application, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34103, Korea; (J.Y.); (S.AP.); (W.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - SuJeong Lee
- Medical Device Convergence Center, Konyang University Hospital, 158 Gwanjedong-Ro, Seo-Gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea;
| | - Sunkyung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.C.); (K.K.K.)
| | - Kee K. Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.C.); (K.K.K.)
| | - Bokyeong Ryu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - C-Yoon Kim
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Cho-Rok Jung
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Byoung-Hyun Min
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Yeongtonggu, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Yuan-Zhu Xin
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, No. 5988, Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, China;
| | - Su A Park
- Department of Nature-Inspired System and Application, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34103, Korea; (J.Y.); (S.AP.); (W.K.)
| | - Wandoo Kim
- Department of Nature-Inspired System and Application, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34103, Korea; (J.Y.); (S.AP.); (W.K.)
| | - Donghyun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - JunHee Lee
- Department of Nature-Inspired System and Application, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34103, Korea; (J.Y.); (S.AP.); (W.K.)
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29
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Kim YE, Kim KE, Kim KK. In Vivo Crosslinking of Histone and RNA-Binding Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2161:75-88. [PMID: 32681507 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0680-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions are essential in various cellular processes including regulation of gene expression, formation of protein complexes, and cellular signaling transduction. In particular, several proteins in the nucleus interact to regulate transcription and RNA splicing. These protein-protein interactions are short and weak and occur through transient processes, making it difficult to identify these interactions. In addition, detection of interacting partners in vitro using cell lysates cannot provide complete information due to the loss of spatial organization and changes in protein modification. Here we describe an in vivo crosslinking technique using disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS), which is useful to capture and stabilize proteins to analyze the interacting proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Eun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoon Eon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Kim YE, Kim JW, Cheon S, Nam MS, Kim KK. Alpha-Casein and Beta-Lactoglobulin from Cow Milk Exhibit Antioxidant Activity: A Plausible Link to Antiaging Effects. J Food Sci 2019; 84:3083-3090. [PMID: 31599975 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the discovery and function of antioxidants are consistently being performed because oxidative stress can cause various diseases. Many compounds and natural products have antioxidant activity in vitro; however, it is often difficult to reproduce their effects in vivo. Additionally, methods to measure antioxidant activities in cells are also scarce. Here, we investigated the antioxidant activity of milk proteins by observing the formation of arsenite-induced stress granules as a tool to evaluate antioxidant activity in cells. Milk proteins not only decreased the formation of stress granules in several cell types but also scavenged 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cations in vitro. In addition, milk proteins inhibited cellular senescence based on an SA-β-galactosidase assay, and increased differentiation to myotubes from myoblasts isolated from the skeletal muscles of mouse pups. Taken together, our results demonstrate that milk proteins have an antiaging effect, especially prevention of skeletal muscle loss, through their antioxidant activities. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Our results provide that antioxidant effects of milk proteins containing α-caseins, β-caseins, and β-lactoglobulin can mitigate aging-related damage induced by oxidative stress through showing inhibition of cellular senescence and increase of differentiation and maturation of myoblast. Therefore, we suggest that milk proteins could be potent health supplements to prevent aging-associated diseases, especially sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Eun Kim
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Chungnam National Univ., Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Whan Kim
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Chungnam National Univ., Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghye Cheon
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Chungnam National Univ., Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Soo Nam
- Div. of Animal Resource Science, Chungnam National Univ., Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee K Kim
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Chungnam National Univ., Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
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31
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Jo J, Choi S, Oh J, Lee SG, Choi SY, Kim KK, Park C. Conventionally used reference genes are not outstanding for normalization of gene expression in human cancer research. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:245. [PMID: 31138119 PMCID: PMC6538551 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-2809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The selection of reference genes is essential for quantifying gene expression. Theoretically they should be expressed stably and not regulated by experimental or pathological conditions. However, identification and validation of reference genes for human cancer research are still being regarded as a critical point, because cancerous tissues often represent genetic instability and heterogeneity. Recent pan-cancer studies have demonstrated the importance of the appropriate selection of reference genes for use as internal controls for the normalization of gene expression; however, no stably expressed, consensus reference genes valid for a range of different human cancers have yet been identified. RESULTS In the present study, we used large-scale cancer gene expression datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, which contains 10,028 (9,364 cancerous and 664 normal) samples from 32 different cancer types, to confirm that the expression of the most commonly used reference genes is not consistent across a range of cancer types. Furthermore, we identified 38 novel candidate reference genes for the normalization of gene expression, independent of cancer type. These genes were found to be highly expressed and highly connected to relevant gene networks, and to be enriched in transcription-translation regulation processes. The expression stability of the newly identified reference genes across 29 cancerous and matched normal tissues were validated via quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). CONCLUSIONS We reveal that most commonly used reference genes in current cancer studies cannot be appropriate to serve as representative control genes for quantifying cancer-related gene expression levels, and propose in this study three potential reference genes (HNRNPL, PCBP1, and RER1) to be the most stably expressed across various cancerous and normal human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Jo
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-Ro, Buk-Ku, GwangJu, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunkyung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Ku, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooseong Oh
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-Ro, Buk-Ku, GwangJu, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Gwon Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-Ro, Buk-Ku, GwangJu, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yi Choi
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University, 282 Munhwa-Ro, Jung-Ku, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Ku, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chungoo Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-Ro, Buk-Ku, GwangJu, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Choi S, Sa M, Cho N, Kim KK, Park SH. Rbfox2 dissociation from stress granules suppresses cancer progression. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-12. [PMID: 31028247 PMCID: PMC6486603 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are stalled translation initiation complexes comprising untranslated mRNAs and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). RBP fox-1 homolog 2 (Rbfox2), a component of SGs, binds to retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) mRNA, which is closely related to cancer progression; however, the role of Rbfox2 in cancer progression remains largely unknown. In this study, we confirmed that Rbfox2, which is present in the nucleus as a splicing regulator, localizes to the cytoplasm of human colon cancer tissues and that induction of Rbfox2 dissociation from SGs by resveratrol treatment inhibits cancer progression. We also observed that Rbfox2 in SGs inhibited RB1 protein expression and promoted cell cycle progression. Additionally, resveratrol treatment inhibited SG-mediated Rbfox2 localization, further inhibiting RB1 protein expression, and inhibited specific Rbfox2 localization to the cytoplasm in melanoma B16-F10 cells, thereby effectively inhibiting metastasis and tumor growth ability. These results indicate that Rbfox2 dissociation from SGs attenuates cancer progression and offer insight into the mechanism associated with Rbfox2 dissociation, thereby marking Rbfox2 as a potential candidate target for cancer therapy. Resveratrol, an antioxidant found in red grapes, slows cancer progression by interfering with the localization and function of the RNA-binding protein Rbfox2. A study led by Kee Kim at Chungnam National University and Su-Hyung Park at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, showed that in human colon cancer cells Rbfox2 is located in the cytoplasm where it promotes cell proliferation by blocking the assembly of the tumor suppressor protein RB1. Treatment with resveratrol prevented the migration of Rbfox2 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and significantly reduced tumor growth in a mouse model of melanoma. This study not only sheds light on the protective effects of resveratrol but also suggests that Rbfox2 could be a potential target for the development of new anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunkyung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Moa Sa
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Namjoon Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su-Hyung Park
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Lee IS, Park SH, Choi SJ, Shim Y, Ahn SJ, Kim KW, Kim KK, Jeong YM, Choe YH. Diagnostic Performance of Multidetector Computerized Tomography in the Detection of Abdominal Complications Early and Late After Liver Transplantation: A 10-Year Experience. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:3673-3680. [PMID: 30577254 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidetector computerized tomography (MDCT) is considered to be a fast noninvasive diagnostic technique for the evaluation of postoperative complications in patients with liver transplantation (LT). However, its role has not been fully established in the diagnosis for detecting complications after liver transplantation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of MDCT for detecting abdominal complications in the early and late periods after LT. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 75 patients who had undergone LT from March 2006 to January 2010, followed by MDCT from March 2006 to November 2017. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the timing after LT: within the first 3 months (early period) or ≥3 months after LT (late period). We evaluated vascular, biliary, and other complications on MDCT. Angiography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiography, and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography were used as reference standards. RESULTS We initially found 77 complications in 45 patients (60.0%) with the use of MDCT. After comparison with the reference standards, 83 complications were diagnosed in 49 patients (65.3%). Forty-seven complications (34 vascular, 10 biliary, 3 other complications) were diagnosed in 33 patients (44.0%) during the early period, and 36 complications (6 vascular, 20 biliary, 10 other complications) were detected in 27 patients (36.0%) in the late period. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of MDCT for diagnosing overall complications were, respectively, 93.6%, 90.2%, and 92.0% in the early period (for vascular complications: 97.1%, 92.6%, and 94.3%,; for biliary complications: 80.0%, 100%, and 97.7%) and 77.8%, 98.1%, and 89.8% in the late period (for vascular complications: 83.3%, 100%, and 98.9%; for biliary complications: 65.0%, 98.6%, and 90.9%). CONCLUSIONS Although MDCT in the late period should be interpreted with caution in patients with suspected biliary complication, MDCT is a reliable diagnostic technique for the identification of early and late abdominal complications after LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Lee
- Department of Radiology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - S H Park
- Department of Radiology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea.
| | - S J Choi
- Department of Radiology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Y Shim
- Department of Radiology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - S-J Ahn
- Department of Radiology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - K W Kim
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K K Kim
- Department of Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Y M Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Y H Choe
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim YE, Park C, Kim KE, Kim KK. Histone and RNA-binding protein interaction creates crosstalk network for regulation of alternative splicing. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 499:30-36. [PMID: 29551686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alternative splicing is an essential process in eukaryotes, as it increases the complexity of gene expression by generating multiple proteins from a single pre-mRNA. However, information on the regulatory mechanisms for alternative splicing is lacking, because splicing occurs over a short period via the transient interactions of proteins within functional complexes of the spliceosome. Here, we investigated in detail the molecular mechanisms connecting alternative splicing with epigenetic mechanisms. We identified interactions between histone proteins and splicing factors such as Rbfox2, Rbfox3, and splicing factor proline and glutamine rich protein (SFPQ) by in vivo crosslinking and immunoprecipitation. Furthermore, we confirmed that splicing factors were bound to specific modified residues of histone proteins. Additionally, changes in histone methylation due to histone methyltransferase inhibitor treatment notably affected alternative splicing in selected genes. Therefore, we suggested that there may be crosstalk mechanisms connecting histone modifications and RNA-binding proteins that increase the local concentration of RNA-binding proteins in alternative exon loci of nucleosomes by binding specific modified histone proteins, leading to alternative splicing. This crosstalk mechanism may play a major role in epigenetic processes such as histone modification and the regulation of alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Eun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungoo Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoon Eon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Kim J, Choi S, Kim JO, Kim KK. Autophagy-mediated upregulation of cytoplasmic claudin 1 stimulates the degradation of SQSTM1/p62 under starvation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:159-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Choi S, Kim YE, Kim JW, Cho N, Cheon S, Kim KK. Rbfox family proteins make the homo- and hetero-oligomeric complexes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:1022-1027. [PMID: 29170129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rbfox family of proteins that consists of Rbfox1, Rbfox2, and Rbfox3 in mammals regulates alternative pre-mRNA splicing in various tissues via direct binding to their RNA binding element. Although many studies have indicated the splicing activity of each member of the Rbfox family, the interactions of Rbfox family proteins are largely unknown. Here, we have investigated interactions among Rbfox family proteins. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and GST-pull down assays confirmed that Rbfox proteins form homo and hetero complexes. Moreover, in vivo crosslinking using disuccinimidyl suberate treatment indicated that the Rbfox proteins form a dimer which then assembles with other proteins to form a large multiprotein complex. Duolink in situ proximity ligation (PLA) assay revealed that neuron specific Rbfox3 protein interacts with other Rbfox family proteins. This study is the first to provide an evidence that Rbfox family proteins form homo- and hetero-oligomeric complexes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunkyung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Eun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Whan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Namjoon Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghye Cheon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Park I, Kim YS, Sym SJ, Ahn HK, Kim KK, Park YH, Lee JN, Shin DB. Metastasectomy for recurrent or metastatic biliary tract cancers: A single center experience. Indian J Cancer 2017; 54:57-62. [PMID: 29199665 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.219581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess efficacy or long-term result of metastasectomy for recurrent or metastatic biliary tract carcinoma (BTC), we conducted a retrospective review of the outcomes of metastasectomy for recurrent or metastatic BTCs, comprising intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (IHCCC), proximal and distal common bile duct cancer (pCBDC and dCBDC), gallbladder cancer (GBC), and ampulla of Vater cancer (AoVC). PATIENTS AND METHODS The clinicopathological features and outcomes of BTC patients who underwent surgical resection for the primary and metastatic disease at the Gachon University Gil Medical Centre from 2003 to 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS We found 19 eligible patients. Primary sites were GBC (seven patients, 37%), IHCCC (five patients, 26%), dCBDC (three patients, 16%), pCBDC (two patients, 11%), and AoVC (two patients, 11%). Eight patients (42%) had synchronous metastasis whereas 11 (58%) had metachronous metastasis. The most common metastatic site was liver (nine patients, 47%), lymph node (nine patients, 47%), and peritoneum (three patients, 16%). Nine patients (47%) achieved R0 resection, whereas four (21%) and six (32%) patients had R1 and R2 resection, respectively. With a median follow-up period of 26.7 months, the estimated median overall survival (OS) was 18.2 months (95% confidence interval, 13.6-22.9 months). Lower Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (P = 0.023), metachronous metastasis (P = 0.04), absence of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.009), lower numbers of metastatic organs (P < 0.001), normal postoperative CA19-9 level (P = 0.034), and time from diagnosis to metastasectomy more than 1 year (P = 0.019) were identified as prognostic factors for a longer OS after metastasectomy. CONCLUSIONS For recurrent or metastatic BTCs, metastasectomy can be a viable option for selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Y S Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - S J Sym
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - H K Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - K K Kim
- Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Y H Park
- Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - J N Lee
- Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - D B Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
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Hsueh PY, Cheung YK, Dey S, Kim KK, Martin-Sanchez FJ, Petersen SK, Wetter T. Added Value from Secondary Use of Person Generated Health Data in Consumer Health Informatics. Yearb Med Inform 2017; 26:160-171. [PMID: 28480472 DOI: 10.15265/iy-2017-009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Various health-related data, subsequently called Person Generated Health Data (PGHD), is being collected by patients or presumably healthy individuals as well as about them as much as they become available as measurable properties in their work, home, and other environments. Despite that such data was originally just collected and used for dedicated predefined purposes, more recently it is regarded as untapped resources that call for secondary use. Method: Since the secondary use of PGHD is still at its early evolving stage, we have chosen, in this paper, to produce an outline of best practices, as opposed to a systematic review. To this end, we identified key directions of secondary use and invited protagonists of each of these directions to present their takes on the primary and secondary use of PGHD in their sub-fields. We then put secondary use in a wider perspective of overarching themes such as privacy, interpretability, interoperability, utility, and ethics. Results: We present the primary and secondary use of PGHD in four focus areas: (1) making sense of PGHD in augmented Shared Care Plans for care coordination across multiple conditions; (2) making sense of PGHD from patient-held sensors to inform cancer care; (3) fitting situational use of PGHD to evaluate personal informatics tools in adaptive concurrent trials; (4) making sense of environment risk exposure data in an integrated context with clinical and omics-data for biomedical research. Discussion: Fast technological progress in all the four focus areas calls for a societal debate and decision-making process on a multitude of challenges: how emerging or foreseeable results transform privacy; how new data modalities can be interpreted in light of clinical data and vice versa; how the sheer mass and partially abstract mathematical properties of the achieved insights can be interpreted to a broad public and can consequently facilitate the development of patient-centered services; and how the remaining risks and uncertainties can be evaluated against new benefits. This paper is an initial summary of the status quo of the challenges and proposals that address these issues. The opportunities and barriers identified can serve as action items individuals can bring to their organizations when facing challenges to add value from the secondary use of patient-generated health data.
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Kim YE, Cho N, Cheon S, Kim KK. Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, alleviates atopic dermatitis by increasing claudin 1 protein expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:744-750. [PMID: 28859979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Many studies investigating AD pathogenesis and its therapy have been conducted but none have been successful. One of the causes of AD is dysfunction of tight junctions through reduction of claudin 1 expression in the epidermal barrier of the skin. In the present study, we investigated the role of bortezomib (BTZ) in the restoration of the reduced expression of claudin 1. Immunoblot and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that BTZ increased the protein expression level of claudin 1 in the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT, thereby forming paracellular barriers. Furthermore, repeated application of BTZ alleviated atopic symptoms on the backs and ears of 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD mice, and led to the formation of normal tight junctions in the epidermal barrier of DNCB-induced mice skin. Taken together, these results demonstrate that BTZ-induced claudin 1 expression may be a valuable therapeutic approach for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Eun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Namjoon Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghye Cheon
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Kim JE, Kim KK, Kim SY, Lee J, Park SH, Park JO, Park YS, Lim HY, Kang WK, Kim ST. MAP2K1 Mutation in Colorectal Cancer Patients: Therapeutic Challenge Using Patient-Derived Tumor Cell Lines. J Cancer 2017; 8:2263-2268. [PMID: 28819429 PMCID: PMC5560144 DOI: 10.7150/jca.19582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The MAP2K1 K57T mutation is known to be a potential mechanism of primary and secondary resistance to EGFR inhibitors in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) and has also been reported to promote resistance to BRAF and MEK inhibitors. It is important to overcome therapeutic resistance to EGFR inhibitors to improve the treatment outcomes of metastatic CRC. METHODS: We established patient-derived tumor cells (PDCs) from metastatic lesions that newly appeared during treatment with a BRAF inhibitor (LGX-818) plus an EGFR inhibitor (cetuximab) in a patient with BRAF-mutant CRC. To investigate therapeutic options to overcome acquired resistance due to MAP2K1 mutation in BRAF-mutant CRC, we performed cell viability assays using the PDCs. RESULTS: We tested whether the PDCs were resistant to an EGFR inhibitor (cetuximab) and a BRAF inhibitor (sorafenib) as these cells were established at the time of resistance to the EGFR plus BRAF inhibitors. Moreover, the anti-tumor effect of AZD6244 (MEK inhibitor) was evaluated because PDCs harbored a MAP2K1 mutation at the time of resistance to the EGFR plus BRAF inhibitors. MTT proliferation assays showed that monotherapy with cetuximab, sorafenib, or AZD6244 did not suppress cell viability. We next tested viability of the PDCs to combination treatment with cetuximab plus AZD6244 and sorafenib plus AZD6244. Proliferation of PDCs was significantly inhibited by sorafenib and AZD6244, but not by cetuximab plus AZD6244. Investigation of the combined effect of sorafenib and AZD6244 using the calculated combination index (CI) showed synergistic effects of sorafenib and AZD6244 in combination therapy applied to PDCs with the MAP2K1 K57T mutation. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that combination treatment with BRAF and MEK inhibitors might be a novel treatment strategy for MAP2K1 K57T-mutant CRC. This finding will be helpful to guide treatment of patients with CRC that is resistant to EGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K K Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Science, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - S Y Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J O Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y S Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H Y Lim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - W K Kang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S T Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Bray GA, Kim KK, Wilding JPH. Obesity: a chronic relapsing progressive disease process. A position statement of the World Obesity Federation. Obes Rev 2017; 18:715-723. [PMID: 28489290 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 671] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper considers the argument for obesity as a chronic relapsing disease process. Obesity is viewed from an epidemiological model, with an agent affecting the host and producing disease. Food is the primary agent, particularly foods that are high in energy density such as fat, or in sugar-sweetened beverages. An abundance of food, low physical activity and several other environmental factors interact with the genetic susceptibility of the host to produce positive energy balance. The majority of this excess energy is stored as fat in enlarged, and often more numerous fat cells, but some lipid may infiltrate other organs such as the liver (ectopic fat). The enlarged fat cells and ectopic fat produce and secrete a variety of metabolic, hormonal and inflammatory products that produce damage in organs such as the arteries, heart, liver, muscle and pancreas. The magnitude of the obesity and its adverse effects in individuals may relate to the virulence or toxicity of the environment and its interaction with the host. Thus, obesity fits the epidemiological model of a disease process except that the toxic or pathological agent is food rather than a microbe. Reversing obesity will prevent most of its detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Bray
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center of Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - K K Kim
- National University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - J P H Wilding
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Clinical Sciences Centre, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, UK
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Kim KJ, Choi S, Sang Cho Y, Yang SJ, Cho YS, Kim KK. Magnesium ions enhance infiltration of osteoblasts in scaffolds via increasing cell motility. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2017; 28:96. [PMID: 28508951 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-5908-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) ions are the most abundant intracellular divalent cations and play a pivotal role in numerous cellular processes. Biodegradable Mg-containing materials, including scaffolds, are promising candidates for orthopedic applications. Here, we investigated the effect of Mg ions on the cellular properties of osteoblasts. Cytotoxicity tests on osteoblasts confirmed that no cytotoxic effects were found up to a supplementing Mg ion concentration of 10 mM. Mg ions at a concentration of 5 mM increased the migration and invasiveness of osteoblasts. To investigate the stimulatory effect of Mg ions on cell motility in scaffolds, we fabricated 10 wt% Mg ion-containing polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds, using the wire-network molding (WNM) technique. Mg ion-containing scaffolds persistently released Mg ions at a concentration of 5 mM in the media after pre-incubation. Furthermore, increased cell motility was confirmed in Mg ion-containing scaffolds by quantification of genomic DNA and protein content. Our results provide an important basis for the function of Mg ions and their effect on cell motility, and propose a novel role for Mg ions in scaffold applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Jung Kim
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunkyung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sang Cho
- Division of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Jo Yang
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sam Cho
- Division of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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43
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Choi S, Kim KK, Lee WS, Kang JM, Park YH. Living Donor Liver Transplantation in a Patient With Extensive Portomesenteric Venous Thrombosis: Case Report. Transplant Proc 2017; 48:3153-3155. [PMID: 27932170 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Extensive portomesenteric venous thrombus preventing restoration of adequate portal venous flow used to be considered a contraindication to liver transplantation. The subject was a 49-year-old male with hepatitis B cirrhosis and extensive thrombosis of portal, splenic, and superior mesenteric veins, and two large collateral vessels; one dilated and tortuous inferior to the pancreaticoduodenal vein and relevant to splanchnic venous return and the other a dilated coronary vein relevant to splenic venous return. During operation, the portal vein was anastomosed to these large collateral vessels using cryopreserved iliac vein. In conclusion, portal reconstruction with large collateral vessels in living-donor liver transplantation could be used selectively for patients with extensive portomesenteric venous thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Choi
- Department of Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon Medicine and Science, Guwol-dong, Namdong-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - K K Kim
- Department of Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon Medicine and Science, Guwol-dong, Namdong-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - W S Lee
- Department of Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon Medicine and Science, Guwol-dong, Namdong-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - J M Kang
- Department of Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon Medicine and Science, Guwol-dong, Namdong-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Y H Park
- Department of Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon Medicine and Science, Guwol-dong, Namdong-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Kim YE, Kim JO, Park KS, Won M, Kim KE, Kim KK. Transforming Growth Factor-β-Induced RBFOX3 Inhibition Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Lung Cancer Cells. Mol Cells 2016; 39:625-30. [PMID: 27432190 PMCID: PMC4990755 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein Rbfox3 is a well-known splicing regulator that is used as a marker for post-mitotic neurons in various vertebrate species. Although recent studies indicate a variable expression of Rbfox3 in non-neuronal tissues, including lung tissue, its cellular function in lung cancer remains largely unknown. Here, we report that the number of RBFOX3-positive cells in tumorous lung tissue is lower than that in normal lung tissue. As the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is important in cancer progression, we investigated its role in RBFOX3 expression in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. TGF-β1 treatment inhibited RBFOX3 expression at the transcriptional level. Further, RBFOX3 depletion led to a change in the expression levels of a subset of proteins related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), such as E-cadherin and Claudin-1, during TGF-β1-induced EMT. In immunofluorescence microscopic analysis, mesenchymal morphology was more prominent in RBFOX3-depleted cells than in control cells. These findings show that TGF-β-induced RBFOX3 inhibition plays an important role in EMT and propose a novel role for RBFOX3 in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Eun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Jong Ok Kim
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon Saint Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon 34943
Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Minho Won
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015,
Korea
| | - Kyoon Eon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Kee K. Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
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Kim JH, Wahyudi LD, Kim KK, Gonzalez FJ. PPARα activation drives demethylation of the CpG islands of the Gadd45b promoter in the mouse liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 476:293-298. [PMID: 27233605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible beta (GADD45b) plays a pivotal role in many intracellular events in both cell survival- and cell death-related signaling. To date, the study of GADD35b has mainly focused on investigation of its function, as well as interacting molecules. However, studies of Gadd45b gene regulation are limited. In this study, we investigated the transcriptional regulation mechanism of Gadd45b. Since Gadd45b mRNA is highly induced by the PPARα agonist Wy-14,643 in the mouse liver, we analyzed the Gadd45b promoter using an in vivo reporter assay. Interestingly, the naked Gadd45b-luciferase construct strongly induced luciferase activity without any stimulant in our in vivo system. Therefore, we investigated the epigenetic changes in the Gadd45b promoter region using mouse liver genomic DNA, the methylation-specific restriction enzyme (HpaII), and disulfide conversion. Our results showed that two possible CpG methylation sites were methylated and demethylated by Wy-14,643 treatment. This study indicates that epigenetic change at the Gadd45b promoter is critical for Gadd45b induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea.
| | - Lilik Duwi Wahyudi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
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Vataev SI, Zaitsev AV, Kim KK, Lukomskaya NY, Magazanik LG. [CHANGES IN BRAIN ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY PATTERNS IN RATS WITH DIFFERENT SUSCEPTIBILITY TO SEIZURES IN LITHIUM-PILOCARPINE MODEL OF STATUS EPILEPTICUS]. Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova 2016; 102:633-646. [PMID: 30192488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The intracranial EEG was continuously registered in Krushinskii-Molodkina rats with inherited susceptibility to audiogenic seizures and in Wistar rats, which are resistant to the audiogenic convulsions in the lithium-pilocarpine model of status epilepticus (SE). The recordings were done from somatosensory, auditory and visual cortical areas, caudate nucleus, hippocampus and dorso-medial nucleus of thalamus. We found that SE was induced in Krushinskii-Molodkina rats by intramuscular injections of pilocarpine at a minimum dose of 15 mg/kg, while in Wistar rats with a dose of 25 mg/kg. We describe six successive EEG patterns during SE. We identified behavioral convulsive manifestations associated with each phase of the SE. Rats of both strains had the same sequence and the main properties of EEG patterns, except the latency of phase 1 (Krushinskii-Molodkina rats 13 + 3 min vs. Wistar rats 23 + 2 min). In conclusion, the rats with susceptibility to audiogenic seizures have increased sensitivity to the pilocarpine, but the development and time-course of SE in rats of both strains did not differ.
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Ribeiro JR, Schorl C, Yano N, Romano N, Kim KK, Singh RK, Moore RG. HE4 promotes collateral resistance to cisplatin and paclitaxel in ovarian cancer cells. J Ovarian Res 2016; 9:28. [PMID: 27184254 PMCID: PMC4869286 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-016-0240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chemotherapy resistance presents a difficult challenge in treating epithelial ovarian cancer patients, particularly when tumors exhibit resistance to multiple chemotherapeutic agents. A few studies have shown that elevated serum levels of the ovarian cancer biomarker HE4 correlate with tumor chemoresistance, response to treatment, and survival. Here, we sought to confirm our previous results that HE4 contributes to collateral resistance to cisplatin and paclitaxel in vitro and uncover factors that may contribute to HE4-mediated chemoresistance. Methods MTS assays and western blots for cleaved PARP were used to assess resistance of HE4-overexpressing SKOV3 and OVCAR8 clones to cisplatin and paclitaxel. CRISPR/Cas technology was used to knockdown HE4 in HE4-overexpressing SKOV3 cells. A microarray was conducted to determine differential gene expression between SKOV3 null vector-transfected and HE4-overexpressing clones upon cisplatin exposure, and results were validated by quantitative RT-PCR. Regulation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and tubulins were assessed by western blot. Results HE4-overexpressing SKOV3 and OVCAR8 clones displayed increased resistance to cisplatin and paclitaxel. Knockdown of HE4 in HE4-overexpressing SKOV3 cells partially reversed chemoresistance. Microarray analysis revealed that HE4 overexpression resulted in suppression of cisplatin-mediated upregulation of EGR1, a MAPK-regulated gene involved in promoting apoptosis. Upregulation of p38, a MAPK activated in response to cisplatin, was suppressed in HE4-overexpressing clones. No differences in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation were noted in HE4-overexpressing clones treated with 25 μM cisplatin, but ERK activation was partially suppressed in HE4-overexpressing clones treated with 80 μM cisplatin. Furthermore, treatment of cells with recombinant HE4 dramatically affected ERK activation in SKOV3 and OVCAR8 wild type cells. Recombinant HE4 also upregulated α-tubulin and β-tubulin levels in SKOV3 and OVCAR8 cells, and microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT) gene expression was increased in SKOV3 HE4-overexpressing clones. Conclusions Overexpression of HE4 promotes collateral resistance to cisplatin and paclitaxel, and downregulation of HE4 partially reverses this chemoresistance. Multiple factors could be involved in HE4-mediated chemoresistance, including deregulation of MAPK signaling, as well as alterations in tubulin levels or stability. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13048-016-0240-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Ribeiro
- Women and Infants Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Program in Women's Oncology, Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, 200 Chestnut Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - C Schorl
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics, Genomics Core Facility, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - N Yano
- Women and Infants Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Program in Women's Oncology, Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, 200 Chestnut Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - N Romano
- Women and Infants Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Program in Women's Oncology, Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, 200 Chestnut Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - K K Kim
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - R K Singh
- Women and Infants Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Program in Women's Oncology, Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, 200 Chestnut Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.,Wilmot Cancer Institute, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - R G Moore
- Women and Infants Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Program in Women's Oncology, Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, 200 Chestnut Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.,Wilmot Cancer Institute, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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Lee HG, Jo J, Hong HH, Kim KK, Park JK, Cho SJ, Park C. State-of-the-art housekeeping proteins for quantitative western blotting: Revisiting the first draft of the human proteome. Proteomics 2016; 16:1863-7. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Gwan Lee
- Marine Ecological Disturbing and Harmful Organisms Research Center, Department of Oceanography; Chonnam National University; Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Jo
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology; Chonnam National University; Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Hong
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology; Chonnam National University; Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Kee K. Kim
- Department of Biochemistry; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Ki Park
- Division of EcoScience; Ewha Womans University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Cho
- Department of Biology; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Republic of Korea
| | - Chungoo Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology; Chonnam National University; Gwangju Republic of Korea
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Keum S, Park J, Kim A, Park J, Kim KK, Jeong J, Shin HS. Variability in empathic fear response among 11 inbred strains of mice. Genes Brain Behav 2016; 15:231-42. [PMID: 26690560 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Empathy is an important emotional process that involves the ability to recognize and share emotions with others. We have previously developed an observational fear learning (OFL) behavioral assay to measure empathic fear in mice. In the OFL task, a mouse is conditioned for context-dependent fear when it observes a conspecific demonstrator receiving aversive stimuli. In the present study, by comparing 11 different inbred mouse strains that are commonly used in the laboratory, we found that empathic fear response was highly variable between different strains. Five strains--C57BL/6J, C57BL/6NTac, 129S1/SvImJ, 129S4/SvJae and BTBR T(+) Itpr3(tf) /J--showed observational fear (OF) responses, whereas AKR/J, BALB/cByJ, C3H/HeJ, DBA/2J, FVB/NJ and NOD/ShiLtJ mice exhibited low empathic fear response. Importantly, day 2 OF memory was significantly correlated with contextual memory in the classical fear conditioning among the 11 strains. Innate differences in anxiety, locomotor activity, sociability and preference for social novelty were not significantly correlated with OFL. Interestingly, early adolescent C57BL/6J mice exhibited an increase in acquisition of OF. The level of OFL in C57BL/6J strain was not affected by sex or strains of the demonstrator. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that there are naturally occurring OFL-specific genetic variations modulating empathic fear behaviors in mice. The identification of causal genes may uncover novel genetic pathways and underlying neural mechanisms that modulate empathic fear and, ultimately, provide new targets for therapeutic intervention in human mental disorders associated with impaired empathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Keum
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - J Park
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - A Kim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - J Park
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K K Kim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - J Jeong
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - H-S Shin
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Park KS, Kim KK, Kim KE. Msx1 homeodomain transcription factor and TATA-binding protein interact to repress the expression of the glycoprotein hormone α subunit gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 468:326-30. [PMID: 26505791 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Studying the regulatory mechanism of the glycoprotein hormone α subunit (αGSU) gene in thyrotropes is essential for understanding the synthesis of functional thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Here, we investigated the influence of a homeodomain transcription factor Msx1 (Msh homeobox 1) on αGSU expression in thyrotropes. The transient expression of Msx1 inhibited the activity of an αGSU reporter gene, as well as its endogenous mRNA level in thyrotrope-derived αTSH cells. Luciferase reporter assays with serial deletion constructs and a close examination of the sequences revealed that the putative Msx1 binding site (PMS) in the αGSU promoter is not responsible for Msx1-mediated transcriptional repression. We also identified the TATA-box binding protein (TBP) as an interacting protein in thyrotropes. Interaction of TBP with Msx1 attenuates the inhibitory effect of Msx1 on αGSU gene expression in a DNA binding-independent manner. Furthermore, transient transfection studies with mutant Msx1 revealed that the interaction of TBP and Msx1 is critical for Msx1-mediated transcriptional repression of the αGSU. These results suggest that Msx1 functions as a transcriptional repressor of αGSU and that its interaction with TBP is an integral part of the mechanism by which Msx1 regulates the inhibition of αGSU gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Sun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoon Eon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea.
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