1
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Singh S, Carosi JM, Dang L, Sargeant TJ. Autophagy does not always decline with ageing. Nat Cell Biol 2025; 27:712-715. [PMID: 40199981 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-025-01654-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2025]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjna Singh
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Julian M Carosi
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Linh Dang
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Timothy J Sargeant
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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2
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Diaz-Meco MT, Linares JF, Moscat J. Hijacking the powerhouse: Mitochondrial transfer and mitophagy as emerging mechanisms of immune evasion. Mol Cell 2025; 85:1258-1259. [PMID: 40185077 PMCID: PMC12006817 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2025.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2025] [Revised: 02/28/2025] [Accepted: 02/28/2025] [Indexed: 04/07/2025]
Abstract
Cancer cells subvert the immune system by reprogramming their metabolism. In a recent study in Nature, Ikeda et al.1 show how cancer cells can directly transfer mitophagy-resistant mitochondria to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, promoting their homoplasmic replacement and undermining cancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Diaz-Meco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Juan F Linares
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jorge Moscat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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3
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Salmonowicz H, Szczepanowska K. The fate of mitochondrial respiratory complexes in aging. Trends Cell Biol 2025:S0962-8924(25)00042-X. [PMID: 40148160 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2025.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2025] [Accepted: 02/14/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025]
Abstract
While mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the canonical hallmarks of aging, it remains only vaguely defined. Its core feature embraces defects in energy-producing molecular machinery, the mitochondrial respiratory complexes (MRCs). The causes and consequences of these defects hold research attention. In this review, we assess the lifecycle of respiratory complexes, from biogenesis to degradation, and look closely at the mechanisms that could underpin their dysfunction in aged cells. We discuss how these processes could be altered by aging and expand on the fate of MRCs in age-associated pathologies. Given the complexity behind MRC maintenance and functionality, several traits could contribute to the phenomenon known as age-associated mitochondrial dysfunction. New advances will help us better understand the fate of this machinery in aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Salmonowicz
- IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-247 Warsaw, Poland; Remedy International Research Agenda Unit, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-247 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Szczepanowska
- IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-247 Warsaw, Poland; Remedy International Research Agenda Unit, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-247 Warsaw, Poland.
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4
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Wei Y, Zhang Y, Cao W, Cheng N, Xiao Y, Zhu Y, Xu Y, Zhang L, Guo L, Song J, Sha SH, Shao B, Ma F, Yang J, Ying Z, He Z, Chai R, Fang Q, Yang J. RONIN/HCF1-TFEB Axis Protects Against D-Galactose-Induced Cochlear Hair Cell Senescence Through Autophagy Activation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2025:e2407880. [PMID: 39985193 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202407880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2025] [Indexed: 02/24/2025]
Abstract
Age-related hearing loss is characterized by senescent inner ear hair cells (HCs) and reduced autophagy. Despite the improved understanding of these processes, detailed molecular mechanisms underlying cochlear HC senescence remain unclear. Transcription Factor EB (TFEB), a key regulator of genes associated with autophagy and lysosomes, crucially affects aging-related illnesses. However, intricate regulatory networks that influence TFEB activity remain to be thoroughly elucidated. The findings revealed that RONIN (THAP11), through its interaction with host cell factor C1 (HCF1/HCFC1), modulated the transcriptional activity of Tfeb, thus contributing to the mitigation (D-galatactose [D-gal]) senescent HC loss. Specifically, RONIN overexpression improved autophagy levels and lysosomal activity and attenuated changes associated with the senescence of HCs triggered by D-gal. These findings highlight the possibility of using RONIN as a viable therapeutic target to ameliorate presbycusis by enhancing the TFEB function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yuhua Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Nan Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yun Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yongjun Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Lingna Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jun Song
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Su-Hua Sha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Buwei Shao
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Fang Ma
- Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- International Department of Hefei 168 High School, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zheng Ying
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zuhong He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, School of Life Science Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
- Southeast University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518063, China
| | - Qiaojun Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
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5
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Joung J, Heo Y, Kim Y, Kim J, Choi H, Jeon T, Jang Y, Kim EJ, Lee SH, Suh JM, Elledge SJ, Kim MS, Kang C. Cell enlargement modulated by GATA4 and YAP instructs the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Nat Commun 2025; 16:1696. [PMID: 39962062 PMCID: PMC11833096 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-56929-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2025] [Indexed: 02/20/2025] Open
Abstract
Dynamic changes in cell size are associated with development and pathological conditions, including aging. Although cell enlargement is a prominent morphological feature of cellular senescence, its functional implications are unknown; moreover, how senescent cells maintain their enlargement state is less understood. Here we show that an extensive remodeling of actin cytoskeleton is necessary for establishing senescence-associated cell enlargement and pro-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). This remodeling is attributed to a balancing act between the SASP regulator GATA4 and the mechanosensor YAP on the expression of the Rho family of GTPase RHOU. Genetic or pharmacological interventions that reduce cell enlargement attenuate SASP with minimal effect on senescence growth arrest. Mechanistically, actin cytoskeleton remodeling couples cell enlargement to the nuclear localization of GATA4 and NF-κB via the Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex. RhoU protein accumulates in mouse adipose tissue under senescence-inducing conditions. Furthermore, RHOU expression correlates with SASP expression in adipose tissue during human aging. Thus, our study highlights an unexpected instructive role of cell enlargement in modulating the SASP and reveals a mechanical branch in the senescence regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joae Joung
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Center for Systems Geroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Yekang Heo
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Center for Systems Geroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Yeonju Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Center for Systems Geroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jaejin Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Center for Systems Geroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Haebeen Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Center for Systems Geroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Taerang Jeon
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Center for Systems Geroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Yeji Jang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Center for Systems Geroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Center for Systems Geroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sang Heon Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jae Myoung Suh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Stephen J Elledge
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School and Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mi-Sung Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
- Center for Systems Geroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| | - Chanhee Kang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
- Center for Systems Geroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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6
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Palmer JE, Wilson N, Son SM, Obrocki P, Wrobel L, Rob M, Takla M, Korolchuk VI, Rubinsztein DC. Autophagy, aging, and age-related neurodegeneration. Neuron 2025; 113:29-48. [PMID: 39406236 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved mechanism that degrades damaged or superfluous cellular contents and enables nutrient recycling under starvation conditions. Many neurodegeneration-associated proteins are autophagy substrates, and autophagy upregulation ameliorates disease in many animal models of neurodegeneration by enhancing the clearance of toxic proteins, proinflammatory molecules, and dysfunctional organelles. Autophagy inhibition also induces neuronal and glial senescence, a phenomenon that occurs with increasing age in non-diseased brains as well as in response to neurodegeneration-associated stresses. However, aging and many neurodegeneration-associated proteins and mutations impair autophagy. This creates a potentially detrimental feedback loop whereby the accumulation of these disease-associated proteins impairs their autophagic clearance, facilitating their further accumulation and aggregation. Thus, understanding how autophagy interacts with aging, senescence, and neurodegenerative diseases in a temporal, cellular, and genetic context is important for the future clinical application of autophagy-modulating therapies in aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Palmer
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Niall Wilson
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Sung Min Son
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Pawel Obrocki
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Lidia Wrobel
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Matea Rob
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Michael Takla
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Viktor I Korolchuk
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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7
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Kataura T, Wilson N, Ma G, Korolchuk VI. Mitophagy as a guardian against cellular aging. Autophagy 2025; 21:249-251. [PMID: 39402011 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2414461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2024] [Revised: 10/03/2024] [Accepted: 10/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/02/2025] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy, the selective autophagic clearance of damaged mitochondria, is considered vital for maintaining mitochondrial quality and cellular homeostasis; however, its molecular mechanisms, particularly under basal conditions, and its role in cellular physiology remain poorly characterized. We recently demonstrated that basal mitophagy is a key feature of primary human cells and is downregulated by immortalization, suggesting its dependence on the primary cell state. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that the PINK1-PRKN-SQSTM1 pathway regulates basal mitophagy, with SQSTM1 sensing superoxide-enriched mitochondria through its redox-sensitive cysteine residues, which mediate SQSTM1 oligomerization and mitophagy activation. We developed STOCK1N-57534, a small molecule that targets and promotes this SQSTM1 activation mechanism. Treatment with STOCK1N-57534 reactivates mitophagy downregulated in senescent and naturally aged donor-derived primary cells, improving cellular senescence(-like) phenotypes. Our findings highlight that basal mitophagy is protective against cellular senescence and aging, positioning its pharmacological reactivation as a promising anti-aging strategy.Abbreviation: IR: ionizing radiation; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SARs: selective autophagy receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsushi Kataura
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Niall Wilson
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gailing Ma
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Viktor I Korolchuk
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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8
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Motanova E, Pirazzini M, Negro S, Rossetto O, Narici M. Impact of ageing and disuse on neuromuscular junction and mitochondrial function and morphology: Current evidence and controversies. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 102:102586. [PMID: 39557298 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 11/01/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 11/20/2024]
Abstract
Inactivity and ageing can have a detrimental impact on skeletal muscle and the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Decreased physical activity results in muscle atrophy, impaired mitochondrial function, and NMJ instability. Ageing is associated with a progressive decrease in muscle mass, deterioration of mitochondrial function in the motor axon terminals and in myofibres, NMJ instability and loss of motor units. Focusing on the impact of inactivity and ageing, this review examines the consequences on NMJ stability and the role of mitochondrial dysfunction, delving into their complex relationship with ageing and disuse. Evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction can be a pathogenic driver for NMJ alterations, with studies revealing the role of mitochondrial defects in motor neuron degeneration and NMJ instability. Two perspectives behind NMJ instability are discussed: one is that mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle triggers NMJ deterioration, the other envisages dysfunction of motor terminal mitochondria as a primary contributor to NMJ instability. While evidence from these studies supports both perspectives on the relationship between NMJ dysfunction and mitochondrial impairment, gaps persist in the understanding of how mitochondrial dysfunction can cause NMJ deterioration. Further research, both in humans and in animal models, is essential for unravelling the mechanisms and potential interventions for age- and inactivity-related neuromuscular and mitochondrial alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniia Motanova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova 35131, Italy.
| | - Marco Pirazzini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova 35131, Italy; CIR-MYO Myology Center, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Samuele Negro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova 35131, Italy; CIR-MYO Myology Center, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Ornella Rossetto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova 35131, Italy; CIR-MYO Myology Center, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova 35131, Italy; Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Marco Narici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova 35131, Italy; CIR-MYO Myology Center, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova 35131, Italy
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9
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Landis GN, Baybutt B, Das S, Fan Y, Olsen K, Yan K, Tower J. Mifepristone and rapamycin have non-additive benefits for life span in mated female Drosophila. Fly (Austin) 2024; 18:2419151. [PMID: 39440794 PMCID: PMC11514543 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2024.2419151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 10/14/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The drugs mifepristone and rapamycin were compared for their relative ability to increase the life span of mated female Drosophila melanogaster. Titration of rapamycin indicated an optimal concentration of approximately 50 μM, which increased median life span here by average +81%. Meta-analysis of previous mifepristone titrations indicated an optimal concentration of approximately 466 μM, which increased median life span here by average +114%. Combining mifepristone with various concentrations of rapamycin did not produce further increases in life span, and instead reduced life span relative to either drug alone. Assay of maximum midgut diameter indicated that rapamycin was equally efficacious as mifepristone in reducing mating-induced midgut hypertrophy. The mito-QC mitophagy reporter is a previously described green fluorescent protein (GFP)-mCherry fusion protein targeted to the outer mitochondrial membrane. Inhibition of GFP fluorescence by the acidic environment of the autophagolysosome yields an increased red/green fluorescence ratio indicative of increased mitophagy. Creation of a multi-copy mito-QC reporter strain facilitated assay in live adult flies, as well as in dissected midgut tissue. Mifepristone was equally efficacious as rapamycin in activating the mito-QC mitophagy reporter in the adult female fat-body and midgut. The data suggest that mifepristone and rapamycin act through a common pathway to increase mated female Drosophila life span, and implicate increased mitophagy and decreased midgut hypertrophy in that pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary N. Landis
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Britta Baybutt
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shoham Das
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yijie Fan
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kate Olsen
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karissa Yan
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Tower
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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10
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Liang R, Zhu L, Huang Y, Chen J, Tang Q. Mitochondria: fundamental characteristics, challenges, and impact on aging. Biogerontology 2024; 25:923-941. [PMID: 39196438 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-024-10132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
As one of the most vital organelles within biological cells, mitochondria hold an irreplaceable status and play crucial roles in various diseases. Research and therapies targeting mitochondria have achieved significant progress in numerous conditions. Throughout an organism's lifespan, mitochondrial dynamics persist continuously, and due to their inherent characteristics and various external factors, mitochondria are highly susceptible to damage. This susceptibility is particularly evident during aging, where the decline in biological function is closely intertwined with mitochondrial dysfunction. Despite being an ancient and enigmatic organelle, much remains unknown about mitochondria. Here, we will explore the past and present knowledge of mitochondria, providing a comprehensive review of their intrinsic properties and interactions with nuclear DNA, as well as the challenges and impacts they face during the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runyu Liang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Luwen Zhu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yongyin Huang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Qiang Tang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
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11
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Noh SG, Kim HW, Kim S, Chung KW, Jung YS, Yoon JH, Yu BP, Lee J, Chung HY. Senoinflammation as the underlying mechanism of aging and its modulation by calorie restriction. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 101:102503. [PMID: 39284417 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Senoinflammation is characterized by an unresolved low-grade inflammatory process that affects multiple organs and systemic functions. This review begins with a brief overview of the fundamental concepts and frameworks of senoinflammation. It is widely involved in the aging of various organs and ultimately leads to progressive systemic degeneration. Senoinflammation underlying age-related inflammation, is causally related to metabolic dysregulation and the formation of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) during aging and age-related diseases. This review discusses the biochemical evidence and molecular biology data supporting the concept of senoinflammation and its regulatory processes, highlighting the anti-aging and anti-inflammatory effects of calorie restriction (CR). Experimental data from CR studies demonstrated effective suppression of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, lipid accumulation, and SASP during aging. In conclusion, senoinflammation represents the basic mechanism that creates a microenvironment conducive to aging and age-related diseases. Furthermore, it serves as a potential therapeutic target for mitigating aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Gyun Noh
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Wung Chung
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Pal Yu
- Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Kataura T, Sedlackova L, Sun C, Kocak G, Wilson N, Banks P, Hayat F, Trushin S, Trushina E, Maddocks ODK, Oblong JE, Miwa S, Imoto M, Saiki S, Erskine D, Migaud ME, Sarkar S, Korolchuk VI. Targeting the autophagy-NAD axis protects against cell death in Niemann-Pick type C1 disease models. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:382. [PMID: 38821960 PMCID: PMC11143325 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06770-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Impairment of autophagy leads to an accumulation of misfolded proteins and damaged organelles and has been implicated in plethora of human diseases. Loss of autophagy in actively respiring cells has also been shown to trigger metabolic collapse mediated by the depletion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) pools, resulting in cell death. Here we found that the deficit in the autophagy-NAD axis underpins the loss of viability in cell models of a neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder, Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) disease. Defective autophagic flux in NPC1 cells resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction due to impairment of mitophagy, leading to the depletion of both the reduced and oxidised forms of NAD as identified via metabolic profiling. Consequently, exhaustion of the NAD pools triggered mitochondrial depolarisation and apoptotic cell death. Our chemical screening identified two FDA-approved drugs, celecoxib and memantine, as autophagy activators which effectively restored autophagic flux, NAD levels, and cell viability of NPC1 cells. Of biomedical relevance, either pharmacological rescue of the autophagy deficiency or NAD precursor supplementation restored NAD levels and improved the viability of NPC1 patient fibroblasts and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cortical neurons. Together, our findings identify the autophagy-NAD axis as a mechanism of cell death and a target for therapeutic interventions in NPC1 disease, with a potential relevance to other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsushi Kataura
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK.
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Lucia Sedlackova
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK.
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Congxin Sun
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Gamze Kocak
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Niall Wilson
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Peter Banks
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Faisal Hayat
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, Department of Pharmacology, F. P. Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Sergey Trushin
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Eugenia Trushina
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - John E Oblong
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, 45040, USA
| | - Satomi Miwa
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Masaya Imoto
- Division for Development of Autophagy Modulating Drugs, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shinji Saiki
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Daniel Erskine
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Marie E Migaud
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, Department of Pharmacology, F. P. Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Sovan Sarkar
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Viktor I Korolchuk
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK.
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