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Sienkiewicz-Oleszkiewicz B, Hummel T. Olfactory function in diabetes mellitus. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2024; 36:100342. [PMID: 38585386 PMCID: PMC10997837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2024.100342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an increasingly common disease in both children and adults. In addition to neuronal and/or vascular disorders, it can cause chemosensory abnormalities including olfactory deterioration. The purpose of this article is to summarize current knowledge on olfactory function in DM, highlighting the impact of co-morbidities, especially obesity, thyroid dysfunction, chronic kidney disease and COVID-19 on olfactory outcomes. Research to date mostly shows that olfactory impairment is more common in people with diabetes than in the general population. In addition, the presence of concomitant diseases is a factor increasing olfactory impairment. Such a correlation was shown for type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes. At the same time, not only chronic diseases, but also DM in acute conditions such as COVID-19 leads to a higher prevalence of olfactory disorders during infection. Analyzing the existing literature, it is important to be aware of the limitations of published studies. These include the small number of patients studied, the lack of uniformity in the methods used to assess the sense of smell, frequently relying on rated olfactory function only, and the simultaneous analysis of patients with different types of diabetes, often without a clear indication of diabetes type. In addition, the number of available publications is small. Certainly, further research in this area is needed. From a practical point of view decreased olfactory performance may be an indicator for central neuropathy and an indication for assessing the patient's nutritional status, examining cognitive function, especially in older patients and performing additional diagnostic tests, such as checking thyroid function, because all those changes were correlated with smell deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Sienkiewicz-Oleszkiewicz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Du Y, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Song Y, Zheng J, An Y, Lu Y. Correlation between inflammatory biomarkers, cognitive function and glycemic and lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Biochem 2023; 121-122:110683. [PMID: 37939987 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2023.110683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to quantitatively estimate the correlation between systemic inflammation with cognitive function, as well as glycemic and lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, SCOPUS, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and CBM databases were searched from its inception until June 2023 (PROSPERO registration: CRD42022356889). We analyzed data extracted from observational studies to quantify the correlations (r) as the pooled effect size and further performed subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses. A total of 32 studies involving 7,483 patients with T2DM were included. The findings revealed a significant moderate negative correlation between interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. TNF-α levels also had moderate negative correlation with Mini-Mental State Examination scores. For glycemic and lipid profiles, there was a significant moderate positive correlation between CRP and TNF-α levels and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and TNF-α levels were also found to be lowly positively correlated with fasting blood glucose (FBG). CRP levels were found to have a low positive correlation with total cholesterol (TC), and IL-6 levels were found to be lowly positively correlated with triglycerides. The results indicate that elevated levels of IL-6, CRP, and TNF-α are significantly associated with cognitive impairment in patients with T2DM and may serve as inflammatory markers for T2DM with mild cognitive impairment. The CRP and TNF-α levels were more strongly correlated with HbA1c than with FBG and TC. Further research is needed to determine the clinical value of these inflammatory biomarkers and to investigate potential causal mechanisms underlying this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yage Du
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ying Song
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu An
- Endocrinology department, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing 100020, China.
| | - Yanhui Lu
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Chung HJ, Lim HS, Lee K, Choi HS, Jeong J, Shin HA, Kim CH, Chang JH. Incidence of Olfactory Dysfunction and Associated Factors: A Nationwide Cohort Study From South Korea. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2023; 102:NP499-NP505. [PMID: 34121478 DOI: 10.1177/01455613211012906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Olfactory dysfunction, a reduced or complete loss of the ability to smell, is gaining attention because of its substantial impact on an individual's quality of life and the possibility that it is an important sign of underlying disease. However, olfactory dysfunction is underdiagnosed in the general population due to diagnostic difficulty and unpredictable prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of clinically diagnosed olfactory dysfunction in South Korea by using well-organized, nationwide, population-based cohort data, and the associations between olfactory dysfunction and risk of neurodegenerative disorders. METHODS We investigated the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort for patients diagnosed with olfactory dysfunction according to the International Classification of Diseases. Annual and overall incidence and prevalence of olfactory dysfunction during 2003 to 2013 and patient characteristics were analyzed. Based on those identified patients who were later diagnosed with neurodegenerative disorder, hazard ratios (HRs) of sociodemographic factors and comorbidities associated with neurodegenerative disorder were evaluated using a Cox proportional hazard regression model. RESULTS In total, 6296 patients were clinically diagnosed with olfactory dysfunction during the study period (524.67 patients/year). The prevalence increased annually and was higher in female patients. The incidence of neurodegenerative disorders among patients with olfactory dysfunction was 4.2% within the study period. Multivariate cox regression analysis of the patients (n = 249) revealed that diabetes mellitus (HR = 1.976) and depression (HR = 2.758) were significant risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Olfactory dysfunction is underdiagnosed in South Korea, but it is clinically important considering the possibility of presymptom of neurodegenerative disorders. In clinical practice, we should consider its association with neurodegenerative disorders and possibly other systemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jin Chung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Hyun Seon Lim
- Research and Analysis Team, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Kyuin Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Hyun Seung Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Junhui Jeong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Hyang Ae Shin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute for Human Natural Defense System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
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Xu Y, Phu J, Aung HL, Hesam-Shariati N, Keay L, Tully PJ, Booth A, Anderson CS, Anstey KJ, Peters R. Frequency of coexistent eye diseases and cognitive impairment or dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:3128-3136. [PMID: 36922645 PMCID: PMC10564749 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02481-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aim to quantify the co-existence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, or diabetic retinopathy (DR) and cognitive impairment or dementia. METHOD MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL were searched (to June 2020). Observational studies reporting incidence or prevalence of AMD, glaucoma, or DR in people with cognitive impairment or dementia, and of cognitive impairment or dementia among people with AMD, glaucoma, or DR were included. RESULTS Fifty-six studies (57 reports) were included but marked by heterogeneities in the diagnostic criteria or definitions of the diseases, study design, and case mix. Few studies reported on the incidence. Evidence was sparse but consistent in individuals with mild cognitive impairment where 7.7% glaucoma prevalence was observed. Prevalence of AMD and DR among people with cognitive impairment ranged from 3.9% to 9.4% and from 11.4% to 70.1%, respectively. Prevalence of AMD and glaucoma among people with dementia ranged from 1.4 to 53% and from 0.2% to 25.9%, respectively. Prevalence of DR among people with dementia was 11%. Prevalence of cognitive impairment in people with AMD, glaucoma, and DR ranged from 8.4% to 52.4%, 12.3% to 90.2%, and 3.9% to 77.8%, respectively, and prevalence of dementia in people with AMD, glaucoma and DR ranged from 9.9% to 62.6%, 2.5% to 3.3% and was 12.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Frequency of comorbid eye disease and cognitive impairment or dementia varied considerably. While more population-based estimations of the co-existence are needed, interdisciplinary collaboration might be helpful in the management of these conditions to meet healthcare needs of an ageing population. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration: CRD42020189484.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Ageing Futures Institute, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jack Phu
- Centre for Eye Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Concord Clinical School, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Htein Linn Aung
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Negin Hesam-Shariati
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa Keay
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Ageing Futures Institute, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Phillip J Tully
- School of Psychology, The University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Booth
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Craig S Anderson
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Beijing, P.R. China
- Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Area Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kaarin J Anstey
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Ageing Futures Institute, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruth Peters
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Ageing Futures Institute, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Xu Z, Zhao L, Yin L, Liu Y, Ren Y, Yang G, Wu J, Gu F, Sun X, Yang H, Peng T, Hu J, Wang X, Pang M, Dai Q, Zhang G. MRI-based machine learning model: A potential modality for predicting cognitive dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1082794. [PMID: 36483770 PMCID: PMC9725113 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1082794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a crucial risk factor for cognitive impairment. Accurate assessment of patients' cognitive function and early intervention is helpful to improve patient's quality of life. At present, neuropsychiatric screening tests is often used to perform this task in clinical practice. However, it may have poor repeatability. Moreover, several studies revealed that machine learning (ML) models can effectively assess cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. We investigated whether we could develop an MRI-based ML model to evaluate the cognitive state of patients with T2DM. Objective: To propose MRI-based ML models and assess their performance to predict cognitive dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) of magnetic resonance images (MRI) were derived from 122 patients with T2DM. Cognitive function was assessed using the Chinese version of the Montréal Cognitive Assessment Scale-B (MoCA-B). Patients with T2DM were separated into the Dementia (DM) group (n = 40), MCI group (n = 52), and normal cognitive state (N) group (n = 30), according to the MoCA scores. Radiomics features were extracted from MR images with the Radcloud platform. The variance threshold, SelectKBest, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were used for the feature selection. Based on the selected features, the ML models were constructed with three classifiers, k-NearestNeighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Logistic Regression (LR), and the validation method was used to improve the effectiveness of the model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) determined the appearance of the classification. The optimal classifier was determined by the principle of maximizing the Youden index. Results: 1,409 features were extracted and reduced to 13 features as the optimal discriminators to build the radiomics model. In the validation set, ROC curves revealed that the LR classifier had the best predictive performance, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.831 in DM, 0.883 in MIC, and 0.904 in the N group, compared with the SVM and KNN classifiers. Conclusion: MRI-based ML models have the potential to predict cognitive dysfunction in patients with T2DM. Compared with the SVM and KNN, the LR algorithm showed the best performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigao Xu
- Department of Radiology, Radiology-Based AI Innovation Workroom, The Third People’s Hospital of Datong, Datong, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Radiology-Based AI Innovation Workroom, The Third People’s Hospital of Datong, Datong, China
| | - Lei Yin
- Graduate School, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third People’s Hospital of Datong, Datong, China
| | - Ying Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinlong Wu
- Department of Radiology, Radiology-Based AI Innovation Workroom, The Third People’s Hospital of Datong, Datong, China
| | - Feng Gu
- Department of Radiology, Radiology-Based AI Innovation Workroom, The Third People’s Hospital of Datong, Datong, China
| | - Xuesong Sun
- Medical Department, The Third People’s Hospital of Datong, Datong, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Radiology, Radiology-Based AI Innovation Workroom, The Third People’s Hospital of Datong, Datong, China
| | - Taisong Peng
- Department of Radiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Datong, Datong, China
| | - Jinfeng Hu
- Department of Radiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Datong, Datong, China
| | - Xiaogeng Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Minghao Pang
- Department of Radiology, The People’s Hospital of Yunzhou District, Datong, China
| | - Qiong Dai
- Huiying Medical Technology (Beijing) Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Guojiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovasology, Department of Science and Education, The Third People’s Hospital of Datong, Datong, China
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Sivakumar R, White J, Villwock J. Olfactory dysfunction in type II diabetes: Therapeutic options and lessons learned from other etiologies - A scoping review. Prim Care Diabetes 2022; 16:543-548. [PMID: 35659730 PMCID: PMC10184301 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is highly prevalent amongst type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) patients and has many associated health risks. For example, OD can lead to poor nutrition, safety issues related to diminished hazard detection, and increased mortality rates. While limited research exists about therapeutics for DM2-associated OD, recovery of olfactory function is better studied in other pathologic states. The objectives of this scoping review are to synthesize the existing data on interventions for DM2-associated OD and present the evidence for therapies that have been utilized for non-DM2-associated causes of OD. Additionally, the potential therapeutic opportunities for patients with DM2 are explored. METHODS A scoping review was conducted with a medical librarian to identify studies investigating treatments of DM2-related OD. 6 databases were searched (Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, OVID Medline, and Web of Science). Studies were eligible if the primary discussion involved treatment of olfactory deficits in the context of DM2. All publication dates were included, and studies published in languages other than English were excluded. RESULTS 3631 articles were identified; 3 articles met inclusion criteria and underwent full text review. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), the DPP-4 inhibitor Linagliptin and the GLP-1 agonists Exenatide and Liraglutide are the only therapeutics that have been used in the context of DM2. Only HBO and GLP-1 agonists produced statistically significant improvements in olfactory identification. The literature regarding non-DM2-associated OD supports interventions such as olfactory training, dietary supplements, and intranasal insulin. Specifically, olfactory training was very effective in many contexts such as post-viral and traumatic OD while being affordable and non-invasive. CONCLUSION This scoping review of olfactory rehabilitation options for DM2-induced OD demonstrates a paucity of prospective investigations of plausible therapeutics. Additionally, treatments for OD related to non-DM2-associated etiologies, such as olfactory training, are well-studied, efficacious, and should be investigated in the context of DM2. Future investigation has the potential to enhance the quality of clinical intervention for OD and improve short- and long-term outcomes for DM2 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Sivakumar
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard Mailstop 3010, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Jacob White
- University of Kansas Medical Center, A.R. Dykes Library, 2100 W 39th Ave, Mailstop 1050, Kansas City KS 66103, USA
| | - Jennifer Villwock
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard Mailstop 3010, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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Luo W, Wang J, Chen M, Zhou S, Deng D, Liu F, Yu Y. Alterations of Cerebral Blood Flow and Its Connectivity in Olfactory-Related Brain Regions of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:904468. [PMID: 35898415 PMCID: PMC9309479 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.904468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the alteration of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and its connectivity patterns in olfactory-related regions of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients using arterial spin labeling (ASL). Sixty-nine patients with T2DM and 63 healthy controls (HCs) underwent ASL scanning using 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging. We compared the CBF values of the olfactory-related brain regions between the two groups and analyzed the correlation between their changes and clinical variables. We also used these regions as seeds to explore the differences in CBF connectivity patterns in olfactory-related brain regions between the T2DM patients and HCs. Compared with the HC group, the CBF of the right orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus (OIFG), right insula, and bilateral olfactory cortex was decreased in the T2DM patients. Moreover, the duration of the patients was negatively correlated with the CBF changes in the right OIFG, right insula, and right olfactory cortex. The CBF changes in the right OIFG were positively correlated with the Self-Rating Depression Scale scores, those in the right insula were negatively correlated with the max blood glucose of continuous glucose, and those in the right olfactory cortex were negatively correlated with the mean blood glucose of continuous glucose. In addition, the T2DM patients also showed decreased CBF connectivity between the right OIFG and the left temporal pole of the middle temporal gyrus and increased CBF connectivity between the right medial orbital part of the superior frontal gyrus and the right orbital part of the superior frontal gyrus and between the right olfactory cortex and the bilateral caudate and the left putamen. Patients with T2DM have decreased CBF and altered CBF connectivity in multiple olfactory-related brain regions. These changes may help explain why olfactory dysfunction occurs in patients with T2DM, thus providing insights into the neuropathological mechanism of olfactory dysfunction and cognitive decline in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Department of Imaging, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Hefei, China
| | - Mimi Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Hefei, China
| | - Shanlei Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Datong Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fujun Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of Imaging, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Yongqiang Yu,
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Yoshitake M, Maeshima E, Maeshima S, Sasaki K, Osawa A. Association between cognitive function and olfactory identification ability in community-dwelling older individuals. J Phys Ther Sci 2022; 34:459-462. [PMID: 35698550 PMCID: PMC9170479 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.34.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] We investigated whether olfactory identification ability may be useful for early detection of cognitive decline. [Participants and Methods] The study included 55 community-dwelling older individuals without a history of mild cognitive impairment or dementia, who were capable of living independently. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Japanese versions of the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment tools. The olfactory identification ability was evaluated using the Odor Stick Identification Test for the Japanese. We also investigated the association between olfactory identification ability and cognitive function. [Results] Based on the Japanese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination, all participants were categorized into the noncognitive decline group, and based on the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment tool, 21 participants were categorized into the cognitive decline group. With regard to olfactory discrimination ability, we observed a significant difference between participants with and without cognitive decline based on the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. Furthermore, we observed a significant positive correlation between the Japanese version of the the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores and the Odor Stick Identification Test for the Japanese scores, although no significant correlation was observed between the Japanese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Odor Stick Identification Test for the Japanese scores. [Conclusion] Olfactory identification ability may be useful to detect early-stage cognitive decline in community-dwelling older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Yoshitake
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kinjo University: 1200
Kasama-machi, Hakusan-shi, Ishikawa 924-8511, Japan
- Graduate School of Osaka University of Health and Sport
Sciences, Japan
| | - Etsuko Maeshima
- Graduate School of Osaka University of Health and Sport
Sciences, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Maeshima
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kinjo University: 1200
Kasama-machi, Hakusan-shi, Ishikawa 924-8511, Japan
| | - Kentaro Sasaki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kinjo University: 1200
Kasama-machi, Hakusan-shi, Ishikawa 924-8511, Japan
| | - Aiko Osawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, National Center for
Geriatrics and Gerontology, Japan
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9
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Patel ZM, Holbrook EH, Turner JH, Adappa ND, Albers MW, Altundag A, Appenzeller S, Costanzo RM, Croy I, Davis GE, Dehgani-Mobaraki P, Doty RL, Duffy VB, Goldstein BJ, Gudis DA, Haehner A, Higgins TS, Hopkins C, Huart C, Hummel T, Jitaroon K, Kern RC, Khanwalkar AR, Kobayashi M, Kondo K, Lane AP, Lechner M, Leopold DA, Levy JM, Marmura MJ, Mclelland L, Miwa T, Moberg PJ, Mueller CA, Nigwekar SU, O'Brien EK, Paunescu TG, Pellegrino R, Philpott C, Pinto JM, Reiter ER, Roalf DR, Rowan NR, Schlosser RJ, Schwob J, Seiden AM, Smith TL, Soler ZM, Sowerby L, Tan BK, Thamboo A, Wrobel B, Yan CH. International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Olfaction. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2022; 12:327-680. [PMID: 35373533 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The literature regarding clinical olfaction, olfactory loss, and olfactory dysfunction has expanded rapidly over the past two decades, with an exponential rise in the past year. There is substantial variability in the quality of this literature and a need to consolidate and critically review the evidence. It is with that aim that we have gathered experts from around the world to produce this International Consensus on Allergy and Rhinology: Olfaction (ICAR:O). METHODS Using previously described methodology, specific topics were developed relating to olfaction. Each topic was assigned a literature review, evidence-based review, or evidence-based review with recommendations format as dictated by available evidence and scope within the ICAR:O document. Following iterative reviews of each topic, the ICAR:O document was integrated and reviewed by all authors for final consensus. RESULTS The ICAR:O document reviews nearly 100 separate topics within the realm of olfaction, including diagnosis, epidemiology, disease burden, diagnosis, testing, etiology, treatment, and associated pathologies. CONCLUSION This critical review of the existing clinical olfaction literature provides much needed insight and clarity into the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with olfactory dysfunction, while also clearly delineating gaps in our knowledge and evidence base that we should investigate further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara M Patel
- Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Eric H Holbrook
- Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justin H Turner
- Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nithin D Adappa
- Otolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark W Albers
- Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aytug Altundag
- Otolaryngology, Biruni University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Simone Appenzeller
- Rheumatology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richard M Costanzo
- Physiology and Biophysics and Otolaryngology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ilona Croy
- Psychology and Psychosomatic Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Greg E Davis
- Otolaryngology, Proliance Surgeons, Seattle and Puyallup, Washington, USA
| | - Puya Dehgani-Mobaraki
- Associazione Naso Sano, Umbria Regional Registry of Volunteer Activities, Corciano, Italy
| | - Richard L Doty
- Smell and Taste Center, Otolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Valerie B Duffy
- Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - David A Gudis
- Otolaryngology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Antje Haehner
- Smell and Taste, Otolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas S Higgins
- Otolaryngology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Claire Hopkins
- Otolaryngology, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, London Bridge Hospital, London, UK
| | - Caroline Huart
- Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholgique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste, Otolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Robert C Kern
- Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ashoke R Khanwalkar
- Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Masayoshi Kobayashi
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Kenji Kondo
- Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrew P Lane
- Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matt Lechner
- Otolaryngology, Barts Health and University College London, London, UK
| | - Donald A Leopold
- Otolaryngology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Joshua M Levy
- Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael J Marmura
- Neurology Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisha Mclelland
- Otolaryngology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Takaki Miwa
- Otolaryngology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Paul J Moberg
- Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Sagar U Nigwekar
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erin K O'Brien
- Otolaryngology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Teodor G Paunescu
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Carl Philpott
- Otolaryngology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Otolaryngology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Evan R Reiter
- Otolaryngology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - David R Roalf
- Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas R Rowan
- Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rodney J Schlosser
- Otolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina, Mt Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
| | - James Schwob
- Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allen M Seiden
- Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Timothy L Smith
- Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Zachary M Soler
- Otolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina, Mt Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
| | - Leigh Sowerby
- Otolaryngology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce K Tan
- Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew Thamboo
- Otolaryngology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bozena Wrobel
- Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carol H Yan
- Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
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10
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Anita NZ, Zebarth J, Chan B, Wu CY, Syed T, Shahrul D, Nguyen MM, Pakosh M, Herrmann N, Lanctôt KL, Swardfager W. Inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes with vs. without cognitive impairment; a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 100:55-69. [PMID: 34808290 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
People with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at increased risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Systemic inflammation has been proposed as a common risk factor. This study aimed to summarize the clinical data pertaining to peripheral blood inflammatory markers. We identified original peer-reviewed articles reporting blood inflammatory marker concentrations in groups of people with a T2DM diagnosis who have cognitive impairment (CI; including mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, vascular cognitive impairment) vs. normal cognition (NC). Between-group standardized mean differences (SMD) were summarized in random effects meta-analyses. From 2108 records, data were combined quantitatively from 40 studies. Concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6; NCI/NNC = 934/3154, SMD 0.74 95% confidence interval [0.07, 1.42], Z5 = 2.15, p = 0.03; I2 = 98.08%), C-reactive protein (CRP; NCI/NNC = 1610/4363, SMD 0.80 [0.50, 1.11], Z14 = 5.25, p < 0.01; I2 = 94.59%), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1; NCI/NNC = 104/1063, SMD 1.64 95% confidence interval [0.21, 3.07], Z2 = 2.25, p = 0.02; I2 = 95.19%), and advanced glycation end products (AGEs; NCI/NNC = 227/317, SMD 0.84 95% confidence interval [0.41, 1.27], Z2 = 3.82, p < 0.01; I2 = 81.07%) were higher among CI groups compared to NC. Brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) concentrations were significantly lower in CI compared to NC (NCI/NNC = 848/2063, SMD -0.67 95% confidence interval [-0.99, -0.35], Z3 = -4.09, p < 0.01; I2 = 89.20%). Cognitive impairment among people with T2DM was associated with systemic inflammation and lower BDNF concentrations. These inflammatory characteristics support an increased inflammatory-vascular interaction associated with cognitive impairment in T2DM. PROSPERO (CRD42020188625).
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Z Anita
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology - University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle Room 4207, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; University Health Network Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - Rumsey Centre Cardiac Rehabilitation, 347 Rumsey Rd, East York, Ontario M4G 2V6, Canada
| | - Julia Zebarth
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology - University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle Room 4207, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; University Health Network Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - Rumsey Centre Cardiac Rehabilitation, 347 Rumsey Rd, East York, Ontario M4G 2V6, Canada
| | - Brian Chan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology - University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle Room 4207, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Che-Yuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology - University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle Room 4207, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Taha Syed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology - University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle Room 4207, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Dinie Shahrul
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology - University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle Room 4207, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Michelle M Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology - University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle Room 4207, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; University Health Network Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - Rumsey Centre Cardiac Rehabilitation, 347 Rumsey Rd, East York, Ontario M4G 2V6, Canada
| | - Maureen Pakosh
- Library & Information Services, University Health Network- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Krista L Lanctôt
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology - University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle Room 4207, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; University Health Network Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - Rumsey Centre Cardiac Rehabilitation, 347 Rumsey Rd, East York, Ontario M4G 2V6, Canada
| | - Walter Swardfager
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology - University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle Room 4207, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; University Health Network Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - Rumsey Centre Cardiac Rehabilitation, 347 Rumsey Rd, East York, Ontario M4G 2V6, Canada.
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11
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Faour M, Magnan C, Gurden H, Martin C. Olfaction in the context of obesity and diabetes: Insights from animal models to humans. Neuropharmacology 2021; 206:108923. [PMID: 34919903 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The olfactory system is at the crossroad between sensory processing and metabolic sensing. In addition to being the center of detection and identification of food odors, it is a sensor for most of the hormones and nutrients responsible for feeding behavior regulation. The consequences of modifications in body homeostasis, nutrient overload and alteration of this brain network in the pathological condition of food-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes are still not elucidated. The aim of this review was first to use both humans and animal studies to report on the current knowledge of the consequences of obesity and type 2 diabetes on odorant threshold and olfactory perception including identification discrimination and memory. We then discuss how olfactory processing can be modified by an alteration of the metabolic homeostasis of the organism and available elements on pharmacological treatments that regulate olfaction. We focus on data within the olfactory system but also on the interactions between the olfactory system and other brain networks impacted by metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Faour
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | | | - Hirac Gurden
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Claire Martin
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France.
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12
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Environmental enrichment ameliorates high-fat diet induced olfactory deficit and decrease of parvalbumin neurons in the olfactory bulb in mice. Brain Res Bull 2021; 179:13-24. [PMID: 34848271 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Overweight induced by high-fat diet (HFD) represents one of the major health concerns in modern societies, which can cause lasting peripheral and central metabolic disorders in all age groups. Specifically, childhood obesity could lead to life-long impact on brain development and functioning. On the other hand, environmental enrichment (EE) has been demonstrated to be beneficial for learning and memory. Here, we explored the impact of high-fat diet on olfaction and organization of olfactory bulb cells in adolescent mice, and the effect of EE intervention thereon. Puberty mice (3-week-old) fed with HFD for 10 weeks exhibited poorer odor sensitivity and olfactory memory relative to controls consuming standard chows. The behavioral deficits were rescued in the HFD group with EE intervention. Neuroanatomically, parvalbumin (PV) interneurons in the olfactory bulb (OB) were reduced in the HFD-fed animals relative to control, while EE intervention also normalized this alteration. In contrast, cells expressing calbindin (CB), doublecortin (DCX) in the OB were not altered. Our findings suggest that PV interneurons may play a crucial role in mediating the HFD-induced olfactory deficit in adolescent mice, and can also serve a protective effect of EE against the functional deficit.
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13
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Nam JS, Roh YH, Kim J, Chang SW, Ha JG, Park JJ, Fahad WA, Yoon JH, Kim CH, Cho HJ. Association between diabetes mellitus and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: A population-based cross-sectional study. Clin Otolaryngol 2021; 47:167-173. [PMID: 34725914 DOI: 10.1111/coa.13884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between physician-diagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) phenotypes in a national population-based study. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cross-sectional study. SETTING Population-based survey data were collected by the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey between January 2008 and December 2012. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS A total of 34 670 participants aged over 19 years were enrolled in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2008 to 2012. The relationship of CRS prevalence, with and without nasal polyps, with physician-diagnosed DM and non-DM were assessed. Differences in sinonasal symptoms between patients with and without DM were analysed in this cross-sectional study. RESULTS A significant association was observed between DM and CRS with nasal polyps after adjustment for multiple variables. No substantial association was observed between DM and CRS without nasal polyps. Among patients with CRS, olfactory dysfunction for >3 months was significantly more frequent in the DM group than in the non-DM group. CONCLUSION We demonstrated significant associations between DM and CRS with nasal polyps and olfactory dysfunction among patients with CRS in a large national clinical cohort study. The direct mechanism of the association between DM and CRS with nasal polyps should be further investigated to clarify the pathogenesis of CRS with nasal polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Nam
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Ho Roh
- Department of Medical Statistics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungghi Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk-Won Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Gyun Ha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin, Korea
| | - Jeong-Jin Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wasan Almazouq Fahad
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joo-Heon Yoon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Korea Mouse Sensory Phenotyping Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Korea Mouse Sensory Phenotyping Center, Seoul, Korea.,Taste Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Ju Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Korea Mouse Sensory Phenotyping Center, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Sanke H, Mita T, Yoshii H, Someya Y, Yamashiro K, Shimizu T, Ohmura C, Onuma T, Watada H. Olfactory dysfunction predicts the development of dementia in older patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 174:108740. [PMID: 33711397 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Olfactory dysfunction is associated with the transition from normal cognition to dementia in persons without type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to investigate whether olfactory dysfunction could be an early marker of future dementia in older patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS This exploratory study included 151 older Japanese outpatients with type 2 diabetes who did not have a diagnosis of probable dementia at baseline. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine whether Open Essence (OE) test score at baseline is associated with the development of probable dementia. RESULTS Over 3 years, approximately 9% of the study subjects developed probable dementia. Subjects with olfactory dysfunction at baseline developed probable dementia more frequently than those without. Multivariate logistic regression showed that lower OE test score, higher age, lower Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, higher total protein concentration, and more frequent use of a sulfonylurea are significantly associated with the development of probable dementia. Stepwise multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that change in OE test score over 3 years is significantly associated with change in MMSE score. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that olfactory dysfunction precedes the development of probable dementia in older patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Sanke
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tomoya Mita
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Hidenori Yoshii
- Department of Medicine, Diabetology & Endocrinology Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Shinsuna 3-3-20, Koto-ku, Tokyo 136-0075, Japan
| | - Yuki Someya
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamashiro
- Department of Medicine, Diabetology & Endocrinology Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Shinsuna 3-3-20, Koto-ku, Tokyo 136-0075, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Shimizu
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Chie Ohmura
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tomio Onuma
- Department of Medicine, Diabetology & Endocrinology Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Shinsuna 3-3-20, Koto-ku, Tokyo 136-0075, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Center for Molecular Diabetology, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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15
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Midorikawa M, Suzuki H, Suzuki Y, Yamauchi K, Sato H, Nemoto K, Sugano Y, Iwasaki H, Sekiya M, Yatoh S, Yahagi N, Hada Y, Arai T, Shimano H. Relationships between Cognitive Function and Odor Identification, Balance Capability, and Muscle Strength in Middle-Aged Persons with and without Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:9961612. [PMID: 34660814 PMCID: PMC8516531 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9961612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We investigated the relationship between cognitive function and olfactory and physical functions in middle-aged persons with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) to examine the potential of olfactory and physical functions as biomarkers for early cognitive impairment. METHODS Enrolled were 70 T2D patients (age 40 to <65 y) and 81 age-matched control participants without diabetes. Cognitive function was assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Trail Making Test parts A and B (TMT-A/-B), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (QIDS), and Starkstein Apathy Scale (SAS). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Odor identification was an independent determinant shown in the results of the TMT-A in the entire participant group and was independently associated with the MoCA and TMT-B in the T2D group. Balance capability assessed with a stabilometer was independently associated with all cognitive function tests except for QISD and SAS in the entire participant group and the T2D group and was independently associated with TMT-A in the control group. Knee extension strength was independently associated with the SAS in the entire participant group and the T2D group. CONCLUSIONS Odor identification, balance capability, and knee extension strength were potential markers for cognitive decline in middle-aged persons with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Midorikawa
- Doctoral Program in Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba 305-8596, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yamauchi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sato
- Doctoral Program in Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoko Sugano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Iwasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Motohiro Sekiya
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yatoh
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Naoya Yahagi
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hada
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tetsuaki Arai
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Chiyoda-ku 100-0004, Japan
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16
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Yulug B, Saatci O, Işıklar A, Hanoglu L, Kilic U, Ozansoy M, Cankaya S, Cankaya B, Kilic E. The Association between HbA1c Levels, Olfactory Memory and Cognition in Normal, Pre-Diabetic and Diabetic Persons. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 20:198-212. [PMID: 31203811 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190614121738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Recent data have shown that olfactory dysfunction is strongly related to Alzheimer's Disease (AD) that is often preceded by olfactory deficits suggesting that olfactory dysfunction might represent an early indicator of future cognitive in prediabetes. METHODS We have applied to a group of normal (n=15), prediabetic (n=16) and type 2 diabetic outpatients (n=15) olfactory testing, 1.5-T MRI scanner and detailed cognitive evaluation including the standard Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) form, Short Blessed Test (SBT), Letter Fluency Test (LFT) and the category fluency test with animal, Fruit and Vegetable Naming (CFT). RESULTS We have shown that Odour Threshold (OT), Discrimination (OD), and Identification (OI) scores and most cognitive test results were significantly different in the prediabetes and diabetes group compared to those in the control group. OD and OT were significantly different between the prediabetes and diabetes group, although the cognitive test results were only significantly different in the prediabetes and diabetes group compared to those in the control group. In evaluating the association between OI, OT, OD scores and specific cognitive tests, we have found, that impaired olfactory identification was the only parameter that correlated significantly with the SBT both in the pre-diabetes and diabetes group. Although spot glucose values were only correlated with OT, HbA1c levels were correlated with OT, OD, and OI, as well as results of the letter fluency test suggesting that HbA1c levels rather than the spot glucose values play a critical role in specific cognitive dysfunction. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first prospective study to demonstrate a strong association between olfactory dysfunction and specific memory impairment in a population with prediabetes and diabetes suggesting that impaired olfactory identification might play an important role as a specific predictor of memory decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Yulug
- Department of Neurology, Alanya AlaaddinKeykubat University, Antalya/Alanya, Turkey.,Istanbul Medipol University, Restorative and Regenerative Medicine Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Saatci
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul Sancaktepe, Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysun Işıklar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Sancaktepe, Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lutfu Hanoglu
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ulkan Kilic
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ozansoy
- Istanbul Medipol University, Restorative and Regenerative Medicine Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seyda Cankaya
- Department of Neurology, Alanya AlaaddinKeykubat University, Antalya/Alanya, Turkey
| | - Baris Cankaya
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Marmara University Pendik Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Kilic
- Istanbul Medipol University, Restorative and Regenerative Medicine Center, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Physiology, Istanbul Medipol University, International School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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17
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Lietzau G, Nyström T, Wang Z, Darsalia V, Patrone C. Western Diet Accelerates the Impairment of Odor-Related Learning and Olfactory Memory in the Mouse. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3590-3602. [PMID: 33054173 PMCID: PMC7645872 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction could be an early indicator of cognitive decline in type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, whether obesity affects olfaction in people with T2D is unclear. This question needs to be addressed, because most people with T2D are obese. Importantly, whether different contributing factors leading to obesity (e.g., different components of diet or gain in weight) affect specific olfactory functions and underlying mechanisms is unknown. We examined whether two T2D-inducing obesogenic diets, one containing a high proportion of fat (HFD) and one with moderate fat and high sugar (Western diet, WD), affect odor detection/discrimination, odor-related learning, and olfactory memory in the mouse. We also investigated whether the diets impair adult neurogenesis, GABAergic interneurons, and neuroblasts in the olfactory system. Here, we further assessed olfactory cortex volume and cFos expression-based neuronal activity. The WD-fed mice showed declined odor-related learning and olfactory memory already after 3 months of diet intake (p = 0.046), although both diets induced similar hyperglycemia and weight gain compared to those of standard diet-fed mice (p = 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively) at this time point. Eight months of HFD and WD diminished odor detection (p = 0.016 and p = 0.045, respectively), odor-related learning (p = 0.015 and p = 0.049, respectively), and olfactory memory. We observed no changes in the investigated cellular mechanisms. We show that the early deterioration of olfactory parameters related to learning and memory is associated with a high content of sugar in the diet rather than with hyperglycemia or weight gain. This finding could be exploited for understanding, and potentially preventing, cognitive decline/dementia in people with T2D. The mechanisms behind this finding remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazyna Lietzau
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 118-83, Sweden
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk 80-210, Poland
| | - Thomas Nyström
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 118-83, Sweden
| | - Zhida Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Vladimer Darsalia
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 118-83, Sweden
| | - Cesare Patrone
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 118-83, Sweden
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18
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Falkowski B, Duda-Sobczak A, Araszkiewicz A, Chudzinski M, Urbas M, Gajewska E, Borucki L, Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz D. Insulin resistance is associated with impaired olfactory function in adult patients with type 1 diabetes: A cross-sectional study. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020; 36:e3307. [PMID: 32129918 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether insulin resistance is a predictor for decreased olfactory function in adult type 1 diabetes patients (T1DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS The following parameters were examined in the group of 113 T1DM participants: body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), TG/HDL ratio, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c ), visceral fat (VF) in body bioimpedance, specific calculators (eGDR, VAI). Bilateral olfactory test score (BOTS) was performed using 12-odour-tests from Sniffin' Sticks. Then participants were allocated to one of two groups: normosmia (10-12 odours identified) or hyposmia/anosmia (0-9 odours). The association between BOTS and insulin resistance indicators was analyzed using: Spearman's rank correlation, multivariate linear regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS 49.6% participants were diagnosed with hyposmia/anosmia, median BOTS was 10. BOTS correlated significantly with: WHR, TG, VF index, TG/HDL ratio, VAI, and eGDR. In multivariate linear regression analysis higher WHR turned out to be statistically significant independent predictor of lower BOTS (β = -0.36; P = .005) after adjustment for age, sex, TG and peripheral neuropathy (R2 = 0.19; P = .0005). The ROC analysis indicated a WHR cut-off of 0.92 [area under the ROC curve (AUC): 0.737; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.647-0.828, P < .0001] as the best among evaluated factors significantly affecting hyposmia/anosmia occurrence (sensitivity of this cut-off 0.50 and specificity 0.86). CONCLUSIONS We have provided evidence of an association between lowered insulin sensitivity expressed in bioelectrical impedance analysis, anthropometrical (WHR), laboratory (TG/HDL ratio) measurements, specific calculators (eGDR, VAI) and deteriorated olfactory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogusz Falkowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Duda-Sobczak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Araszkiewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Chudzinski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Urbas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Raszeja City Hospital, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Gajewska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Lukasz Borucki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Raszeja City Hospital, Poznan, Poland
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Zhou J, Zhang Z, Zhou H, Qian G. Diabetic Cognitive Dysfunction: From Bench to Clinic. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:3151-3167. [PMID: 30727866 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190206225635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes increases the risk of developing cognitive dysfunction in the elderly in the form of short-term memory and executive function impairment. Genetic and diet-induced models of type 2 diabetes further support this link, displaying deficits in working memory, learning, and memory performance. The risk factors for diabetic cognitive dysfunction include vascular disease, hypoglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, adiposity, insulin resistance, lifestyle factors, and genetic factors. Using neuronal imaging technologies, diabetic patients with cognitive dysfunction show atrophy of the whole brain, particularly the grey matter, hippocampus and amygdala; increased volume of the ventricular and white matter; brain infarcts; impaired network integrity; abnormal microstructure; and reduced cerebral blood flow and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations. The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes with cognitive dysfunction involves hyperglycaemia, macrovascular and microvascular diseases, insulin resistance, inflammation, apoptosis, and disorders of neurotransmitters. Large clinical trials may offer further proof of biomarkers and risk factors for diabetic cognitive dysfunction. Advanced neuronal imaging technologies and novel disease animal models will assist in elucidating the precise pathogenesis and to provide better therapeutic interventions and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyin Zhou
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Zuo Zhang
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Hongli Zhou
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Guisheng Qian
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
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20
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Screening for Age-Related Olfactory Decline Using a Card-Type Odor Identification Test Designed for Use with Japanese People. CHEMOSENS PERCEPT 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12078-020-09279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Kaya KS, Mazı EE, Demir ST, Tetik F, Tuna M, Turgut S. Relationship between progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus and olfactory function. Am J Otolaryngol 2020; 41:102365. [PMID: 31806250 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2019.102365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the literature, diabetes mellitus was mentioned as one of the etiologic factors of olfactory disorder. However, association between olfactory dysfunction and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine if there is any correlation between olfactory dysfunction and complications of diabetes mellitus. METHODS The study population included eighty-five (85) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (56 females and 29 males, mean age 55.4 ± 9.4 years). The routine laboratory and ophthalmoscope examinations were used in the study. The Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center odor test was performed to all patients. Patients were grouped (normal, anosmia, mild hyposmia, moderate hyposmia, severe hyposmia) in respect to olfactory function. RESULT Distribution of the patients was 34.1% male (29) and 65.9% female (56). Mean Hemoglobin A1c value was 9.0 ± 2.7. The distribution of complications was 38.8% nephropathy, 25.9% retinopathy, 24.7% microalbuminuria. In Odor Test classification, statistically significant difference was not detected in nephropathy, retinopathy and microalbuminuria ratios (p = 0.523, p = 0.057, p = 0.993). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that in odor test classification, statistically significant difference was not detected between the patients with complications (nephropathy, retinopathy, and microalbuminuria) and the patients without complications.
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22
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Kim SJ, Windon MJ, Lin SY. The association between diabetes and olfactory impairment in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2019; 4:465-475. [PMID: 31637288 PMCID: PMC6793600 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests that olfactory impairment (OI) may be a degenerative neurologic complication of diabetes; however, the association is not yet well established. The objective of this work was to systematically review existing literature on the association between diabetes and OI in adults, with meta‐analysis of evaluable studies. Methods A literature search encompassing 358 abstracts from the last 75 years in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane was performed. English‐language articles investigating adults with diabetes and OI in comparison to control groups with original data and ≥7 subjects were included. The Newcastle‐Ottawa scale was applied for quality assessment. Two investigators independently reviewed all articles. For meta‐analysis, the odds ratio of OI in diabetes compared with control groups was calculated using the fixed effects model. Results The initial search yielded 358 abstracts, from which 21 articles were reviewed and 11 articles (n = 6,747) were included. Studies included were case‐control (64%) or cross‐sectional (36%) with evidence level 3b. On the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale, the mean quality assessment score for case‐control and cross‐sectional studies was 7.4 (maximum of 9) and 7.0 (maximum of 10), respectively. A statistically significant association between diabetes and olfaction compared with controls was found in 6 (55%) of the 11 articles. Four studies were eligible for meta‐analysis, which yielded an overall odds of having OI with diabetes as 1.58 times more likely than in control groups (95% CI [1.16, 2.16]; I2 = 10.3%). Conclusions The reviewed studies support a significant association between diabetes and OI. Further studies are warranted to characterize this association. Level of Evidence 3a
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Joo Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland U.S.A
| | - Melina J Windon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland U.S.A
| | - Sandra Y Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland U.S.A
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23
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Zhang Z, Zhang B, Wang X, Zhang X, Yang QX, Qing Z, Zhang W, Zhu D, Bi Y. Olfactory Dysfunction Mediates Adiposity in Cognitive Impairment of Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From Clinical and Functional Neuroimaging Studies. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:1274-1283. [PMID: 31221697 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-2584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Large numbers of people with type 2 diabetes are obese. However, changes in cognition and related brain function in obese people with diabetes have not been characterized. Here, we investigated cognition, olfactory function, and odor-induced brain alterations in these patients and therapeutic effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1Ras) on their psychological behavior and olfactory networks. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Cognitive, olfactory, and odor-induced brain activation assessments were administered to 35 obese and 35 nonobese people with type 2 diabetes and 35 control subjects matched for age, sex, and education. Among them, 20 obese individuals with diabetes with inadequate glycemic control and metformin monotherapy received GLP-1Ra treatment for 3 months and were reassessed for metabolic, cognitive, olfactory, and neuroimaging changes. RESULTS Obese subjects with diabetes demonstrated lower general cognition and olfactory threshold scores, decreased left hippocampal activation, and disrupted seed-based functional connectivity with right insula compared with nonobese subjects with diabetes. Negative associations were found between adiposity and episodic memory and between fasting insulin and processing speed test time in diabetes. Mediation analyses showed that olfactory function and left hippocampus activation mediated these correlations. With 3-month GLP-1Ra treatment, obese subjects with diabetes exhibited improved Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score, olfactory test total score, and enhanced odor-induced right parahippocampus activation. CONCLUSIONS Obese subjects with type 2 diabetes showed impaired cognition and dysfunctional olfaction and brain networks, the latter of which mediated adiposity in cognitive impairment of diabetes. GLP-1Ras ameliorated cognitive and olfactory abnormalities in obese subjects with diabetes, providing new perspectives for early diagnosis and therapeutic approaches for cognitive decrements in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing X Yang
- Center for NMR Research, Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA.,George M. Leader Foundation Alzheimer's Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Zhao Qing
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Dalong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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24
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Chan JYK, García-Esquinas E, Ko OH, Tong MCF, Lin SY. The Association Between Diabetes and Olfactory Function in Adults. Chem Senses 2019; 43:59-64. [PMID: 29126164 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjx070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a significant chronic disease that in limited studies has been linked with olfactory dysfunction. We investigated the cross-sectional association between diabetes and olfactory dysfunction in 3151 adults aged ≥40 years who participated in US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014 with information on olfactory dysfunction and diabetes. Diabetes was defined from fasting serum glucose ≥126 mg/dL, oral glucose tolerance test ≥200 mg/dL, HbA1c levels ≥6.5%, physician-diagnosed diabetes, or current use of oral hypoglycemic agents and/or insulin. Self-reported olfactory dysfunction was defined as a positive answer to any of the following questions: 1) "Have you had problem with smell in the past 12 months?"; 2) "Have you had a change in the ability to smell since age 25?", or 3) "Do you have phantom smells?". Participants were considered to have severe hyposmia or anosmia if they had <5 correct answers in the 8-item pocket smell test. Analyses were adjusted for the main confounders, including olfactory dysfunction risk factors. Compared to non-diabetics, diabetics under insulin treatment showed a higher prevalence of phantom odors [OR(95% CI): 2.42 (1.16; 5.06)] and a non-significant higher prevalence of severe hyposmia/anosmia [OR(95% CI): 1.57 (0.89; 2.78)]. Amongst diabetics, there was a significant trend to severe hyposmia/anosmia for those on more aggressive treatments [OR (95% CI) including oral and insulin treatment compared to those who reported no use of drug treatment, respectively: 1.33 (0.60; 2.96) and 2.86 (1.28; 6.40); P trend 0.01]. No association was observed between diabetes duration and prevalence of olfactory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Ying Kuen Chan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Esther García-Esquinas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Ciber of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Owen H Ko
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Michael C F Tong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Sandra Y Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, USA
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25
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Huang X, Tong Y, Qi CX, Xu YT, Dan HD, Shen Y. Disrupted topological organization of human brain connectome in diabetic retinopathy patients. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:2487-2502. [PMID: 31695385 PMCID: PMC6717727 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s214325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is increasing neuroimaging evidence that type 2 diabetes patients with retinal microvascular complications show abnormal brain functional and structural architecture and are at an increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia. However, changes in the topological properties of the functional brain connectome in diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients remain unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the topological organization of the brain connectome in DR patients using graph theory approaches. METHODS Thirty-five DR patients (18 males and 17 females) and 38 healthy controls (HCs) (18 males and 20 females), matched for age, sex, and education, underwent resting-state magnetic resonance imaging scans. Graph theory analysis was performed to investigate the topological properties of brain functional connectome at both global and nodal levels. RESULTS Both DR and HC groups showed high-efficiency small-world network in their brain functional networks. Notably, the DR group showed reduction in the clustering coefficient (P=0.0572) and local efficiency (P=0.0151). Furthermore, the DR group showed reduced nodal centralities in the default-mode network (DMN) and increased nodal centralities in the visual network (VN) (P<0.01, Bonferroni-corrected). The DR group also showed abnormal functional connections among the VN, DMN, salience network (SN), and sensorimotor network (SMN). Altered network metrics and nodal centralities were significantly correlated with visual acuity and fasting blood glucose level in DR patients. CONCLUSION DR patients showed abnormal topological organization of the human brain connectome. Specifically, the DR group showed reduction in the clustering coefficient and local efficiency, relative to HC group. Abnormal nodal centralities and functional disconnections were mainly located in the DMN, VN, SN, and SMN in DR patients. Furthermore, the disrupted topological attributes showed correlations with clinical variables. These findings offer important insight into the neural mechanism of visual loss and cognitive deficits in DR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Tong
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Xing Qi
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Tao Xu
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Dong Dan
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Shen
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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26
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Rasmussen VF, Vestergaard ET, Hejlesen O, Andersson CUN, Cichosz SL. Prevalence of taste and smell impairment in adults with diabetes: A cross-sectional analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Prim Care Diabetes 2018; 12:453-459. [PMID: 29903679 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study investigates the prevalence of smell and taste impairment in adults with diabetes and potential risk factors for sense deterioration and its influence of daily food intake. METHODS Data from the NHANES 2013-2014 were analyzed. Smell impairment was defined as failing to identify ≥3 of 8 odors in NHANES Pocket Smell Test. Taste impairment was defined as being unable to identify quinine or NaCl in NHANES Tongue Tip and Whole-mouth Test. RESULTS A total of 3204 people (428 patients with diabetes, 2776 controls) were suitable to be included. The prevalence of smell impairment in patients with diabetes was higher compared to the controls: 22% versus 15% (p<0.001). The difference prevailed after adjustment for age, BMI, alcohol misuse and smoking status. Taste was not impaired in patients with diabetes (p=0.29). Patients with diabetes and smell impairment had a lower daily calorie intake compared to patients with diabetes and normal smell function. The duration of diabetes, diabetic complications and other potential risk factors were not associated with smell dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Smell dysfunction appears with a higher prevalence in patients with diabetes, and this seems to negatively affect daily food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esben Thyssen Vestergaard
- Department of Pediatrics, Randers Regional Hospital, Denmark; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Ole Hejlesen
- Department of Health Science and Tecnology, Aalborg University, Denmark
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Appetite, Metabolism and Hormonal Regulation in Normal Ageing and Dementia. Diseases 2018; 6:diseases6030066. [PMID: 30036957 PMCID: PMC6164971 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding and nutrition follow the growth trajectory of the course of life. The profound physiological changes that human body experiences during ageing affect separate aspects of food intake, from tastant perception to satiety. Concurrent morbidities, such as neurodegeneration, as seen in dementia, and metabolic syndrome, may further shape nutritional behaviours, status and adequacy. In an effort to fill the gap between the exhausting basic research and the actual needs of professionals caring for the exponentially expanding ageing population, the current review addresses major factors relevant to appetite and eating disturbances. Does age alter the perception of food modalities? Is food generally still perceived as alluring and delicious with age? Is there an interplay between ageing, cognitive decline, and malnutrition? What tools can we adopt for proper and timely monitoring? Finally, what anatomical and pathophysiological evidence exists to support a hypothesis of central regulation of metabolic perturbations in normal and accelerated cognitive impairment, and how can we benefit from it in health practice?
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28
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Zhang Z, Zhang B, Wang X, Zhang X, Yang QX, Qing Z, Lu J, Bi Y, Zhu D. Altered Odor-Induced Brain Activity as an Early Manifestation of Cognitive Decline in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2018; 67:994-1006. [PMID: 29500313 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is reported to be associated with olfactory dysfunction and cognitive decline. However, whether and how olfactory neural circuit abnormalities involve cognitive impairment in diabetes remains uncovered. This study thus aimed to investigate olfactory network alterations and the associations of odor-induced brain activity with cognitive and metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetes. Participants with normal cognition, including 51 patients with type 2 diabetes and 41 control subjects without diabetes, underwent detailed cognitive assessment, olfactory behavior tests, and odor-induced functional MRI measurements. Olfactory brain regions showing significantly different activation between the two groups were selected for functional connectivity analysis. Compared with the control subjects, patients with diabetes demonstrated significantly lower olfactory threshold score, decreased brain activation, and disrupted functional connectivity in the olfactory network. Positive associations of the disrupted functional connectivity with decreased neuropsychology test scores and reduced pancreatic function were observed in patients with diabetes. Notably, the association between pancreatic function and executive function was mediated by olfactory behavior and olfactory functional connectivity. Our results suggested the alteration of olfactory network is present before clinically measurable cognitive decrements in type 2 diabetes, bridging the gap between the central olfactory system and cognitive decline in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing X Yang
- Department of Radiology, Center for NMR Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
- George M. Leader Foundation Alzheimer's Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Zhao Qing
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaming Lu
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Dalong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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29
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Lietzau G, Davidsson W, Östenson CG, Chiazza F, Nathanson D, Pintana H, Skogsberg J, Klein T, Nyström T, Darsalia V, Patrone C. Type 2 diabetes impairs odour detection, olfactory memory and olfactory neuroplasticity; effects partly reversed by the DPP-4 inhibitor Linagliptin. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:14. [PMID: 29471869 PMCID: PMC5824492 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data suggest that olfactory deficits could represent an early marker and a pathogenic mechanism at the basis of cognitive decline in type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, research is needed to further characterize olfactory deficits in diabetes, their relation to cognitive decline and underlying mechanisms. The aim of this study was to determine whether T2D impairs odour detection, olfactory memory as well as neuroplasticity in two major brain areas responsible for olfaction and odour coding: the main olfactory bulb (MOB) and the piriform cortex (PC), respectively. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) are clinically used T2D drugs exerting also beneficial effects in the brain. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether DPP-4i could reverse the potentially detrimental effects of T2D on the olfactory system. Non-diabetic Wistar and T2D Goto-Kakizaki rats, untreated or treated for 16 weeks with the DPP-4i linagliptin, were employed. Odour detection and olfactory memory were assessed by using the block, the habituation-dishabituation and the buried pellet tests. We assessed neuroplasticity in the MOB by quantifying adult neurogenesis and GABAergic inhibitory interneurons positive for calbindin, parvalbumin and carletinin. In the PC, neuroplasticity was assessed by quantifying the same populations of interneurons and a newly identified form of olfactory neuroplasticity mediated by post-mitotic doublecortin (DCX) + immature neurons. We show that T2D dramatically reduced odour detection and olfactory memory. Moreover, T2D decreased neurogenesis in the MOB, impaired the differentiation of DCX+ immature neurons in the PC and altered GABAergic interneurons protein expression in both olfactory areas. DPP-4i did not improve odour detection and olfactory memory. However, it normalized T2D-induced effects on neuroplasticity. The results provide new knowledge on the detrimental effects of T2D on the olfactory system. This knowledge could constitute essentials for understanding the interplay between T2D and cognitive decline and for designing effective preventive therapies.
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Zaghloul H, Pallayova M, Al-Nuaimi O, Hovis KR, Taheri S. Association between diabetes mellitus and olfactory dysfunction: current perspectives and future directions. Diabet Med 2018; 35:41-52. [PMID: 29108100 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The increasing global prevalence of diabetes mellitus presents a significant challenge to healthcare systems today. Although diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy are well-established complications of diabetes, there is a paucity of research examining the impact of dysglycaemia on the olfactory system. Olfaction is an important sense, playing a role in the safety, nutrition and quality of life of an individual, but its importance is often overlooked when compared with the other senses. As a result, olfactory dysfunction is often underdiagnosed. The present review article aims to present and discuss the available evidence on the relationship between diabetes and olfaction. It also explores the associations between olfactory dysfunction and diabetes complications that could explain the underlying pathogenesis. Finally, it summarizes the putative pathological mechanisms underlying olfactory dysfunction in diabetes that require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zaghloul
- Clinical Research Core, Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Pallayova
- Clinical Research Core, Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - O Al-Nuaimi
- Carnegie Mellon University, Doha, Qatar
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - K R Hovis
- Carnegie Mellon University, Doha, Qatar
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S Taheri
- Clinical Research Core, Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Miranda-Martínez A, Mercado-Gómez OF, Arriaga-Ávila V, Guevara-Guzmán R. Distribution of Adiponectin Receptors 1 and 2 in the Rat Olfactory Bulb and the Effect of Adiponectin Injection on Insulin Receptor Expression. Int J Endocrinol 2017; 2017:4892609. [PMID: 29463982 PMCID: PMC5804105 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4892609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin (APN) is an adipocyte-derived hormone that has peripheral beneficial effects. Although its receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 are expressed in the brain, their function in neurons is poorly understood. The aims of this work were to describe the distribution of APN receptors in the olfactory bulb (OB) as well as the possible effects of APN injection on the insulin receptor (InsR) content and Akt kinase. METHOD We performed the double immunofluorescence technique to describe the distribution of AdipoRs and the cellular type they were expressing. mRNA transcript and protein content were assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. APN injection was performed to analyze its possible effect on the insulin pathway. RESULTS We found that AdipoRs were localized in all cell layers and in both neurons and astrocytes. We observed the presence of mRNA transcripts and immunoblot analysis confirmed the protein on the intact OB; APN injection in the OB resulted in a slight decrease of the total InsR and Akt phosphorylation and a reduction of phopho-InsR content. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrated that AdipoRs are expressed in OB regions, and APN injection could act as an insulin pathway modulator in the OB and thus possibly contribute to olfaction physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Miranda-Martínez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Del. Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Coordinación del Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Edificio B, 1° Piso. Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Octavio Fabián Mercado-Gómez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Del. Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Virginia Arriaga-Ávila
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Del. Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rosalinda Guevara-Guzmán
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Del. Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Wu G, Lin L, Zhang Q, Wu J. Brain gray matter changes in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of whole-brain voxel-based morphometry study. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:1698-1703. [PMID: 29033311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to identify alterations in global gray matter volumes (GMV) and consistent regional abnormalities in T2DM patients via meta-analysis. METHODS A systematic search for relevant studies indexed in the PubMed and Embase databases was conducted. A quantitative meta-analysis of volumetric and whole-brain VBM data was conducted using STATA v.12.0 and AES-SDM software packages, respectively. RESULTS A total of 15 volumetric studies and five VBM studies of GM in T2DM patients vs. healthy controls (HCs) were identified. The volumetric meta-analysis showed that the GMV of patients with T2DM is lower than in HCs (SMD = -0.56, 95% CI = -0.81 to -0.31, P 0.01). The whole-brain VBM meta-analysis revealed GM reductions in the left superior temporal gyrus, the right middle temporal gyrus, the right rolandic operculum, and the left fusiform gyrus in T2DM patients compared with HCs. Meta-regression analysis showed that Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores have a positive relationship with GMV in the right insula. CONCLUSIONS The results showed a reduced volume of whole and regional GM in T2DM patients, which may indicate a risk for dementia. Further longitudinal research is needed to confirm GM changes, cognitive dysfunction, and their relationship in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Wu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Jianlin Wu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China.
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Mao CJ, Wang F, Chen JP, Yang YP, Chen J, Huang JY, Liu CF. Odor selectivity of hyposmia and cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease. Clin Interv Aging 2017; 12:1637-1644. [PMID: 29070942 PMCID: PMC5640420 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s147588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Hyposmia is one of the earliest non-motor features of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and can precede the onset of motor symptoms by years. Most of the current olfactory detection tests are targeted at Western populations. The exact relationship between hyposmia and cognitive impairment is unknown. The purpose of the study was to find bromines that can effectively identify olfactory dysfunction and investigate the relationship between hyposmia and cognitive function in early, non-demented, drug-naïve patients with PD in the People’s Republic of China. Methods Sixty-three early, non-demented, drug-naïve patients with PD and 55 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. The T&T olfactometer and a Chinese version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were applied to assess subjects’ olfactory and cognitive functions. Patients with PD also completed the Modified Unified Parkinson’s disease-rating scale (UPDRS) and Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) scale. Results Patients with PD had lower scores of visuospatial and executive function (p=0.000), attention (p=0.03), and delayed recall (p=0.001) than controls. β-phenylethyl alcohol (floral smell, smell of rose petals) and isovaleric acid (smell of sweat, stuffy socks) were more sensitive for identifying hyposmia in patients with PD than three other odors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that impaired visuospatial and executive function was associated with hyposmia (p=0.013), but was independent of other PD-associated variables. Conclusion Hyposmia was common in early, non-demented, drug-naïve PD patients. β-Phenylethyl alcohol and isovaleric acid were more superior for identifying hyposmia in early non-demented Chinese patients with PD. Hyposmia was associated with impaired visuospatial and executive function in patients with PD. Further prospective studies that apply a series of neuropsychological tests and functional magnetic resonance imaging methods in large samples in multicenter studies are needed to confirm our findings and to investigate the relationship between hyposmia and cognitive function with disease progression in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jie Mao
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Fen Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou
| | - Ju-Ping Chen
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Changshu Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changshu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ping Yang
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Juan-Ying Huang
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University.,Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou
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Ryo Y, Takeuchi M, Ueda N, Ohi K, Kihara H, Shimada T, Uehara T, Kawasaki Y. Olfactory function in neuropsychiatric disorders. Psychiatry Res 2017; 252:175-179. [PMID: 28282535 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent clinical studies have identified olfactory dysfunction in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. Although these studies showed differences in olfactory function between healthy individuals and neuropsychiatric patients, no studies have compared the differences in olfactory function among neuropsychiatric disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate olfactory function among various neuropsychiatric disorders. Three-hundred and eighteen outpatients diagnosed according to the ICD-10 code participated in the study. Olfactory function was assessed using the Open Essence test. The differences in olfactory function among disorders were compared by analyses of (co-)variance. As expected, olfactory function was significantly affected by the age and marginally affected by the gender. We investigated the differences in olfactory function among patients with different neuropsychiatric disorders (F0-F9). Olfactory function significantly differed among the diagnostic groups. Post hoc analysis showed that patients with F0 had decreased olfactory function compared to patients from the other diagnostic groups. In particular, patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) had significantly poorer olfactory function compared to patients with other neuropsychiatric disorders. There were no differences among the other groups. These findings suggest that patients with AD had poorer olfactory function compared not only to healthy subjects but also to patients with several other neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ryo
- School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Mina Takeuchi
- School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Naoko Ueda
- School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Kihara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Shimada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Uehara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kawasaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
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Lietzau G, Nyström T, Östenson CG, Darsalia V, Patrone C. Type 2 diabetes-induced neuronal pathology in the piriform cortex of the rat is reversed by the GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4. Oncotarget 2016; 7:5865-76. [PMID: 26744321 PMCID: PMC4868727 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients often present olfactory dysfunction. However, the histopathological basis behind this has not been previously shown. Since the piriform cortex plays a crucial role in olfaction, we hypothesize that pathological changes in this brain area can occur in T2D patients along aging. Thus, we determined potential neuropathology in the piriform cortex of T2D rats, along aging. Furthermore, we determined the potential therapeutic role of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1-R) agonist exendin-4 to counteract the identified T2D-induced neuropathology. Young-adult and middle-aged T2D Goto-Kakizaki rats were compared to age-matched Wistars. Additional Goto-Kakizaki rats were treated for six weeks with exendin-4/vehicle before sacrifice. Potential T2D-induced neuropathology was assessed by quantifying NeuN-positive neurons and Calbindin-D28k-positive interneurons by immunohistochemistry and stereology methods. We also quantitatively measured Calbindin-D28k neuronal morphology and JNK phosphorylation-mediated cellular stress. PI3K/AKT signalling was assessed by immunohistochemistry, and potential apoptosis by TUNEL. We show T2D-induced neuronal pathology in the piriform cortex along aging, characterized by atypical nuclear NeuN staining and increased JNK phosphorylation, without apoptosis. We also demonstrate the specific vulnerability of Calbindin-D28k interneurons. Finally, chronic treatment with exendin-4 substantially reversed the identified neuronal pathology in correlation with decreased JNK and increased AKT phosphorylation. Our results reveal the histopathological basis to explain T2D olfactory dysfunction. We also show that the identified T2D-neuropathology can be counteracted by GLP-1R activation supporting recent research promoting the use of GLP-1R agonists against brain diseases. Whether the identified neuropathology could represent an early hallmark of cognitive decline in T2D remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazyna Lietzau
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.,Medical University of Gdansk, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Thomas Nyström
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claes-Göran Östenson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladimer Darsalia
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cesare Patrone
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wongrakpanich S, Petchlorlian A, Rosenzweig A. Sensorineural Organs Dysfunction and Cognitive Decline: A Review Article. Aging Dis 2016; 7:763-769. [PMID: 28053826 PMCID: PMC5198866 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2016.0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vision, hearing, olfaction, and cognitive function are essential components of healthy and successful aging. Multiple studies demonstrate relationship between these conditions with cognitive function. The present article focuses on hearing loss, visual impairment, olfactory loss, and dual sensory impairments in relation to cognitive declination and neurodegenerative disorders. Sensorineural organ impairment is a predictive factor for mild cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative disorders in the elderly. We recommend early detection of sensorineural dysfunction by history, physical examination, and screening tests. Assisted device and early cognitive rehabilitation may be beneficial. Future research is warranted in order to explore advanced treatment options and method to slow progression for cognitive declination and sensorineural organ impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supakanya Wongrakpanich
- 1Department of Medicine, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA and Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
| | - Aisawan Petchlorlian
- 2Division of Geriatric, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
| | - Andrew Rosenzweig
- 3Division of Geriatric, Department of Medicine, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Cognitive impairment in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: prevalence and related clinical factors. Diabetol Int 2016; 8:193-198. [PMID: 30603321 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-016-0292-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aim Diabetes mellitus is reported to be a risk factor for dementia. We evaluated the cognitive function in elderly diabetic patients and estimated the prevalence of patients with cognitive impairment and looked for any related clinical factors. Subjects and methods Using 281 elderly (65 years of age or older) Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were free of clinically evident cognitive impairment, we evaluated their cognitive function with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results The MMSE score of all the participants was 27.3 ± 2.4 with 31.3% of them being in the abnormal range (tentatively defined normal range as having an MMSE score of 27-30). Multiple regression analysis disclosed that fasting serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), estimated glomerular filtration ratio (eGFR) and insulin treatment were significantly related factors for the MMSE score, in addition to age and schooling history, which are extremely strong factors. Conclusions We revealed that approximately one-third of elderly type 2 diabetic patients who were free of clinically evident cognitive impairment had impaired cognitive function, demonstrating that the MMSE score was significantly correlated with fasting NEFA level, renal function, insulin treatment, age and schooling history.
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Enomoto M, Yoshii H, Mita T, Sanke H, Yokota A, Yamashiro K, Inagaki N, Gosho M, Ohmura C, Kudo K, Watada H, Onuma T. Relationship between dietary pattern and cognitive function in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Int Med Res 2015; 43:506-17. [PMID: 25998626 DOI: 10.1177/0300060515581672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the relationships between dietary patterns and cognitive function in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Patients with T2DM completed a 3-day dietary record and Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE). Dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis. RESULTS The study included 73 patients and identified five dietary patterns, one of which was characterized by high loading for vegetables and fish. A higher consumption of vegetables and fish was significantly associated with improved MMSE score (unadjusted model, model adjusted for age and sex, and model adjusted for age, sex, education, diabetic nephropathy and alcohol consumption), and decreased prevalence of suspected mild dementia (unadjusted model, model adjusted for age and sex). CONCLUSIONS A high score in the vegetables and fish dietary pattern was associated with high MMSE score and low prevalence of suspected mild dementia in elderly patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Enomoto
- Department of Medicine, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Centre, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yoshii
- Department of Medicine, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Centre, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoya Mita
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Centre for Molecular Diabetology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruna Sanke
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Yokota
- Department of Medicine, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Centre, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamashiro
- Department of Medicine, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Centre, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Inagaki
- Department of Medicine, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Centre, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Gosho
- Department of Clinical Trials and Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Chie Ohmura
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayo Kudo
- Department of Medicine, Nutritional Management Section, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Centre, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Department of Clinical Trials and Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan Centre for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Tokyo, Japan Sportology Centre, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomio Onuma
- Department of Medicine, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Centre, Tokyo, Japan
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