1
|
Zhong A, Cheng CS, Lu RQ, Guo L. Suppression of NBS1 Upregulates CyclinB to Induce Olaparib Sensitivity in Ovarian Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2024; 23:15330338231212085. [PMID: 38192153 PMCID: PMC10777771 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231212085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Deficiencies in DNA damage repair responses promote chemotherapy sensitivity of tumor cells. The Nibrin homolog encoding gene Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome 1 (NBS1) is a crucial component of the MRE11-RAD50-NBN complex (MRN complex) and is involved in the response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair that has emerged as an attractive strategy to overcome tumor drug resistance, but the functional relationship between NBS1 regulated DNA damage repair and cell cycle checkpoints has not been fully elucidated. Methods: In this study, lentivirus-mediated RNAi was used to construct NBS1-downregulated cells. Flow cytometry, qPCR, and immunohistochemistry were used to explore the regulatory relationship between NBS1 and CyclinB in vivo and in vitro. Results: Our findings suggest that NBS1 deficiency leads to defective homologous recombination repair. Inhibition of NBS1 expression activates CHK1 and CyclinB signaling pathways leading to cell cycle arrest and sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to Olaparib treatment in vitro and in vivo. NBS1-deficient ovarian cancer cells tend to maintain sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs through activation of cell cycle checkpoints. Conclusions: NBS1 may be a potential therapeutic target for epithelial ovarian cancer as it plays a role in the regulation of the DNA damage response and cell cycle checkpoints. Suppression of NBS1 upregulates CyclinB to induce Olaparib sensitivity in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Chien-shan Cheng
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren quan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tan J, Sun X, Zhao H, Guan H, Gao S, Zhou P. Double-strand DNA break repair: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e388. [PMID: 37808268 PMCID: PMC10556206 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Double-strand break (DSB), a significant DNA damage brought on by ionizing radiation, acts as an initiating signal in tumor radiotherapy, causing cancer cells death. The two primary pathways for DNA DSB repair in mammalian cells are nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR), which cooperate and compete with one another to achieve effective repair. The DSB repair mechanism depends on numerous regulatory variables. DSB recognition and the recruitment of DNA repair components, for instance, depend on the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex and the Ku70/80 heterodimer/DNA-PKcs (DNA-PK) complex, whose control is crucial in determining the DSB repair pathway choice and efficiency of HR and NHEJ. In-depth elucidation on the DSB repair pathway's molecular mechanisms has greatly facilitated for creation of repair proteins or pathways-specific inhibitors to advance precise cancer therapy and boost the effectiveness of cancer radiotherapy. The architectures, roles, molecular processes, and inhibitors of significant target proteins in the DSB repair pathways are reviewed in this article. The strategy and application in cancer therapy are also discussed based on the advancement of inhibitors targeted DSB damage response and repair proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Tan
- Hengyang Medical CollegeUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunan ProvinceChina
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Xingyao Sun
- Hengyang Medical CollegeUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunan ProvinceChina
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Hongling Zhao
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Hua Guan
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Ping‐Kun Zhou
- Hengyang Medical CollegeUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunan ProvinceChina
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Goričar K, Dugar F, Dolžan V, Marinko T. NBN, RAD51 and XRCC3 Polymorphisms as Potential Predictive Biomarkers of Adjuvant Radiotherapy Toxicity in Early HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184365. [PMID: 36139526 PMCID: PMC9496855 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer patients significantly improves survival and causes side effects. It is known that the response to radiotherapy is individual, but we are not yet able to predict patients with high risk for acute or late radiotherapy adverse events. This study aimed to investigate the association between homologous recombination repair (HRR) polymorphisms and radiotherapy toxicity and thus contribute to the knowledge on potential predictive biomarkers of radiotherapy toxicity in early HER2-positive breast cancer. This study was among the first to evaluate the role of HRR genetic variability with cardiac toxicity. RAD51 polymorphisms were associated with cardiac adverse events, while XRCC3 polymorphisms were associated with skin adverse events. Our results suggest that polymorphisms in key HRR genes might be used as potential biomarkers of late treatment-related adverse events in early HER2-positive breast cancer treated with radiotherapy. Abstract Radiotherapy (RT) for breast cancer significantly impacts patient survival and causes adverse events. Double-strand breaks are the most harmful type of DNA damage associated with RT, which is repaired through homologous recombination (HRR). As genetic variability of DNA repair genes could affect response to RT, we aimed to evaluate the association of polymorphisms in HRR genes with tumor characteristics and the occurrence of RT adverse events in early HER2-positive breast cancer. Our study included 101 breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant RT and trastuzumab. All patients were genotyped for eight single nucleotide polymorphisms in NBN, RAD51 and XRCC3 using competitive allele-specific PCR. Carriers of XRCC3 rs1799794 GG genotype were less likely to have higher tumor differentiation grade (OR = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.01–0.44, p = 0.007). Carriers of RAD51 rs1801321 TT genotype were more likely to have higher NYHA class in univariable (OR = 10.0; 95% CI = 1.63–61.33; p = 0.013) and multivariable (OR = 9.27; 95% CI = 1.28–67.02; p = 0.027) analysis. Carriers of RAD51 rs12593359 GG genotype were less likely to have higher NYHA class in univariable (OR = 0.09; 95% CI = 0.01–0.79; p = 0.030) and multivariable (OR = 0.07; 95% CI = 0.01–0.81; p = 0.034) analysis. Carriers of XRCC3 rs1799794 GG genotypes experienced more skin adverse events based on LENT-SOMA scale in univariable (OR = 5.83; 95% CI = 1.22–28.00; p = 0.028) and multivariable (OR = 10.90; 95% CI = 1.61–73.72; p = 0.014) analysis. In conclusion, XRCC3 and RAD51 polymorphisms might contribute to RT adverse events in early HER2-positive breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Goričar
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Franja Dugar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Marinko
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zehtab S, Sattarzadeh Bardsiri M, Mirzaee Khalilabadi R, Ehsan M, Fatemi A. Association of DNA repair genes polymorphisms with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a high-resolution melting analysis. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:46. [PMID: 35164849 PMCID: PMC8842869 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-05918-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most common cancers in children for which the exact pathogenesis is not yet known. Single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in different DNA repair genes are reported to be associated with ALL risk. This study aimed to determine the association between XRCC1 (rs1799782) and NBN (rs1805794, rs709816) SNVs and childhood ALL risk in a sample of the Iranian population. Fifty children with ALL and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy children were included in this case–control study. Genotyping of the mentioned SNVs was done by high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis. Results The prevalence of all three SNVs in XRCC1 and NBN genes did not differ between the patient and control groups, and these polymorphisms were not associated with childhood ALL risk (P > 0.05). HRM was a practical method for the detection of SNVs in XRCC1 and NBN genes. We found no significant association between XRCC1 (rs1799782) and NBN (rs1805794, rs709816) SNVs and childhood ALL risk. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13104-022-05918-3.
Collapse
|
5
|
Hammarsten O, Lyytikäinen A, Thunström S, Ek T, Fasth A, Ekwall O, Cajander S, Borgström EW, Smith CIE, Johansson P. Clinical measurement of cellular DNA damage hypersensitivity in patients with DNA repair defects. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:50. [PMID: 35164800 PMCID: PMC8842932 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02199-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA repair deficiency disorders are rare inherited diseases arising from pathogenic (disease-causing) variants in genes involved in DNA repair. There are no standardized diagnostic assays for the investigation of pathological significance of unknown variants in DNA repair genes. We hypothesized that our assays for measuring in vitro patient blood cell hypersensitivity to DNA-damaging agents can be used to establish the pathological significance of unknown variants in DNA repair genes. Six patients with variants in the DNA repair genes PRKDC (two siblings), DCLRE1C (two siblings), NBN, and MSH6 were included. Here, we used the cell division assay (CDA) and the γ-H2AX assay, which were both developed and clinically validated by us, to measure patient cell hypersensitivity in response to ionizing radiation, mitomycin C, cytarabine and doxorubicin. Results Radiation hypersensitivity was detected in the two patients with variants in the PRKDC gene (p < 0.0001 for both at 3.5 Gy), and the two patients with DCLRE1C variants (p < 0.0001 at 3.5 Gy for sibling 1 and p < 0.0001 at 1 Gy for sibling 2). The cells from the patients with the PRKDC variant were also deficient in removing γ-H2AX (p < 0.001). The cells from the patient with variants in the NBN gene were hypersensitive to mitomycin C (p = 0.0008) and deficient in both induction and removal of γ-H2AX in response to radiation. Conclusions The combination of the CDA and the γ-H2AX assay is useful in investigating the significance of unknown variants in some DNA repair genes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02199-8.
Collapse
|
6
|
Evans CM, Phillips M, Malone KL, Tonelli M, Cornilescu G, Cornilescu C, Holton SJ, Gorjánácz M, Wang L, Carlson S, Gay JC, Nix JC, Demeler B, Markley JL, Glass KC. Coordination of Di-Acetylated Histone Ligands by the ATAD2 Bromodomain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9128. [PMID: 34502039 PMCID: PMC8430952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATPase Family, AAA domain-containing protein 2 (ATAD2) bromodomain (BRD) has a canonical bromodomain structure consisting of four α-helices. ATAD2 functions as a co-activator of the androgen and estrogen receptors as well as the MYC and E2F transcription factors. ATAD2 also functions during DNA replication, recognizing newly synthesized histones. In addition, ATAD2 is shown to be up-regulated in multiple forms of cancer including breast, lung, gastric, endometrial, renal, and prostate. Furthermore, up-regulation of ATAD2 is strongly correlated with poor prognosis in many types of cancer, making the ATAD2 bromodomain an innovative target for cancer therapeutics. In this study, we describe the recognition of histone acetyllysine modifications by the ATAD2 bromodomain. Residue-specific information on the complex formed between the histone tail and the ATAD2 bromodomain, obtained through nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and X-ray crystallography, illustrates key residues lining the binding pocket, which are involved in coordination of di-acetylated histone tails. Analytical ultracentrifugation, NMR relaxation data, and isothermal titration calorimetry further confirm the monomeric state of the functionally active ATAD2 bromodomain in complex with di-acetylated histone ligands. Overall, we describe histone tail recognition by ATAD2 BRD and illustrate that one acetyllysine group is primarily engaged by the conserved asparagine (N1064), the "RVF" shelf residues, and the flexible ZA loop. Coordination of a second acetyllysine group also occurs within the same binding pocket but is essentially governed by unique hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions making the di-acetyllysine histone coordination more specific than previously presumed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara M. Evans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, VT 05446, USA; (C.M.E.); (M.P.); (K.L.M.); (S.C.); (J.C.G.)
| | - Margaret Phillips
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, VT 05446, USA; (C.M.E.); (M.P.); (K.L.M.); (S.C.); (J.C.G.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Kiera L. Malone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, VT 05446, USA; (C.M.E.); (M.P.); (K.L.M.); (S.C.); (J.C.G.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Marco Tonelli
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (M.T.); (G.C.); (C.C.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Gabriel Cornilescu
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (M.T.); (G.C.); (C.C.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Claudia Cornilescu
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (M.T.); (G.C.); (C.C.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Simon J. Holton
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Early Development Oncology, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.J.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Mátyás Gorjánácz
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Early Development Oncology, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.J.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (L.W.); (B.D.)
| | - Samuel Carlson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, VT 05446, USA; (C.M.E.); (M.P.); (K.L.M.); (S.C.); (J.C.G.)
| | - Jamie C. Gay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, VT 05446, USA; (C.M.E.); (M.P.); (K.L.M.); (S.C.); (J.C.G.)
| | - Jay C. Nix
- Molecular Biology Consortium, Advanced Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - Borries Demeler
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (L.W.); (B.D.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - John L. Markley
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (M.T.); (G.C.); (C.C.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Karen C. Glass
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, VT 05446, USA; (C.M.E.); (M.P.); (K.L.M.); (S.C.); (J.C.G.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Avery JT, Zhang R, Boohaker RJ. GLI1: A Therapeutic Target for Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:673154. [PMID: 34113570 PMCID: PMC8186314 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.673154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
GLI1 is a transcriptional effector at the terminal end of the Hedgehog signaling (Hh) pathway and is tightly regulated during embryonic development and tissue patterning/differentiation. GLI1 has low-level expression in differentiated tissues, however, in certain cancers, aberrant activation of GLI1 has been linked to the promotion of numerous hallmarks of cancer, such as proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, metastasis, metabolic rewiring, and chemotherapeutic resistance. All of these are driven, in part, by GLI1’s role in regulating cell cycle, DNA replication and DNA damage repair processes. The consequences of GLI1 oncogenic activity, specifically the activity surrounding DNA damage repair proteins, such as NBS1, and cell cycle proteins, such as CDK1, can be linked to tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms driving GLI1 dysregulation can provide prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers to identify a patient population that would derive therapeutic benefit from either direct inhibition of GLI1 or targeted therapy towards proteins downstream of GLI1 regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Avery
- Oncology Department, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ruowen Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Rebecca J Boohaker
- Oncology Department, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fitriasari S, Trainor PA. Diabetes, Oxidative Stress, and DNA Damage Modulate Cranial Neural Crest Cell Development and the Phenotype Variability of Craniofacial Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:644410. [PMID: 34095113 PMCID: PMC8174788 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.644410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial malformations are among the most common birth defects in humans and they often have significant detrimental functional, aesthetic, and social consequences. To date, more than 700 distinct craniofacial disorders have been described. However, the genetic, environmental, and developmental origins of most of these conditions remain to be determined. This gap in our knowledge is hampered in part by the tremendous phenotypic diversity evident in craniofacial syndromes but is also due to our limited understanding of the signals and mechanisms governing normal craniofacial development and variation. The principles of Mendelian inheritance have uncovered the etiology of relatively few complex craniofacial traits and consequently, the variability of craniofacial syndromes and phenotypes both within families and between families is often attributed to variable gene expression and incomplete penetrance. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that phenotypic variation is often the result of combinatorial genetic and non-genetic factors. Major non-genetic factors include environmental effectors such as pregestational maternal diabetes, which is well-known to increase the risk of craniofacial birth defects. The hyperglycemia characteristic of diabetes causes oxidative stress which in turn can result in genotoxic stress, DNA damage, metabolic alterations, and subsequently perturbed embryogenesis. In this review we explore the importance of gene-environment associations involving diabetes, oxidative stress, and DNA damage during cranial neural crest cell development, which may underpin the phenotypic variability observed in specific craniofacial syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul A Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tumor Evolution and Therapeutic Choice Seen through a Prism of Circulating Tumor Cell Genomic Instability. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020337. [PMID: 33562741 PMCID: PMC7915006 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) provide an accessible tool for investigating tumor heterogeneity and cell populations with metastatic potential. Although an in-depth molecular investigation is limited by the extremely low CTC count in circulation, significant progress has been made recently in single-cell analytical processes. Indeed, CTC monitoring through molecular and functional characterization may provide an understanding of genomic instability (GI) molecular mechanisms, which contribute to tumor evolution and emergence of resistant clones. In this review, we discuss the sources and consequences of GI seen through single-cell analysis of CTCs in different types of tumors. We present a detailed overview of chromosomal instability (CIN) in CTCs assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and we reveal utility of CTC single-cell sequencing in identifying copy number alterations (CNA) oncogenic drivers. We highlight the role of CIN in CTC-driven metastatic progression and acquired resistance, and we comment on the technical obstacles and challenges encountered during single CTC analysis. We focus on the DNA damage response and depict DNA-repair-related dynamic biomarkers reported to date in CTCs and their role in predicting response to genotoxic treatment. In summary, the suggested relationship between genomic aberrations in CTCs and prognosis strongly supports the potential utility of GI monitoring in CTCs in clinical risk assessment and therapeutic choice.
Collapse
|
10
|
K3326X and Other C-Terminal BRCA2 Variants Implicated in Hereditary Cancer Syndromes: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030447. [PMID: 33503928 PMCID: PMC7865497 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The cancer associated protein BRCA2 is the subject of intense continual study. Because of this, new insights into the relation of specific variants of this gene and cancer are regularly generated. These discoveries shed light on cancer risk and management for patients carrying these mutations. Additionally, new techniques for variant discovery and investigation are developed and tested, further enhancing scientific and clinical understanding of this key protein. In this review we will investigate the recent literature associated with variants in the C-terminus of BRCA2 and their effect on health and cancer predisposition. Abstract Whole genome analysis and the search for mutations in germline and tumor DNAs is becoming a major tool in the evaluation of risk as well as the management of hereditary cancer syndromes. Because of the identification of cancer predisposition gene panels, thousands of such variants have been catalogued yet many remain unclassified, presenting a clinical challenge for the management of hereditary cancer syndromes. Although algorithms exist to estimate the likelihood of a variant being deleterious, these tools are rarely used for clinical decision-making. Here, we review the progress in classifying K3326X, a rare truncating variant on the C-terminus of BRCA2 and review recent literature on other novel single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs, on the C-terminus of the protein, defined in this review as the portion after the final BRC repeat (amino acids 2058–3418).
Collapse
|
11
|
Alblihy A, Alabdullah ML, Ali R, Algethami M, Toss MS, Mongan NP, Rakha EA, Madhusudan S. Clinicopathological and Functional Evaluation Reveal NBS1 as a Predictor of Platinum Resistance in Epithelial Ovarian Cancers. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9010056. [PMID: 33435622 PMCID: PMC7826685 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum resistance seriously impacts on the survival outcomes of patients with ovarian cancers. Platinum-induced DNA damage is processed through DNA repair. NBS1 is a key DNA repair protein. Here, we evaluated the role of NBS1 in ovarian cancers. NBS1 expression was investigated in clinical cohorts (protein level (n = 331) and at the transcriptomic level (n = 1259)). Pre-clinically, sub-cellular localization of NBS1 at baseline and following cisplatin therapy was tested in platinum resistant (A2780cis, PEO4) and sensitive (A2780, PEO1) ovarian cancer cells. NBS1 was depleted and cisplatin sensitivity was investigated in A2780cis and PEO4 cells. Nuclear NBS1 overexpression was associated with platinum resistance (p = 0.0001). In univariate and multivariate analysis, nuclear NBS1 overexpression was associated with progression free survival (PFS) (p-values = 0.003 and 0.017, respectively) and overall survival (OS) (p-values = 0.035 and 0.009, respectively). NBS1 mRNA overexpression was linked with poor PFS (p = 0.011). Pre-clinically, following cisplatin treatment, we observed nuclear localization of NBS1 in A2780cis and PEO4 compared to A2780 and PEO1 cells. NBS1 depletion increased cisplatin cytotoxicity, which was associated with accumulation of double strand breaks (DSBs), S-phase cell cycle arrest, and increased apoptosis. NBS1 is a predictor of platinum sensitivity and could aid stratification of ovarian cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adel Alblihy
- Translational Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK; (A.A.); (M.L.A.); (R.A.); (M.A.)
- Medical Center, King Fahad Security College (KFSC), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muslim L. Alabdullah
- Translational Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK; (A.A.); (M.L.A.); (R.A.); (M.A.)
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK; (M.S.T.); (E.A.R.)
| | - Reem Ali
- Translational Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK; (A.A.); (M.L.A.); (R.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Mashael Algethami
- Translational Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK; (A.A.); (M.L.A.); (R.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Michael S. Toss
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK; (M.S.T.); (E.A.R.)
| | - Nigel P. Mongan
- School Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Emad A. Rakha
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK; (M.S.T.); (E.A.R.)
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Translational Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK; (A.A.); (M.L.A.); (R.A.); (M.A.)
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kleinberger T. En Guard! The Interactions between Adenoviruses and the DNA Damage Response. Viruses 2020; 12:v12090996. [PMID: 32906746 PMCID: PMC7552057 DOI: 10.3390/v12090996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus–host cell interactions include several skirmishes between the virus and its host, and the DNA damage response (DDR) network is one of their important battlegrounds. Although some aspects of the DDR are exploited by adenovirus (Ad) to improve virus replication, especially at the early phase of infection, a large body of evidence demonstrates that Ad devotes many of its proteins, including E1B-55K, E4orf3, E4orf4, E4orf6, and core protein VII, and utilizes varied mechanisms to inhibit the DDR. These findings indicate that the DDR would strongly restrict Ad replication if allowed to function efficiently. Various Ad serotypes inactivate DNA damage sensors, including the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex, DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1). As a result, these viruses inhibit signaling via DDR transducers, such as the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ATM- and Rad3-related (ATR) kinases, to downstream effectors. The different Ad serotypes utilize both shared and distinct mechanisms to inhibit various branches of the DDR. The aim of this review is to understand the interactions between Ad proteins and the DDR and to appreciate how these interactions contribute to viral replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Kleinberger
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron St., Bat Galim, Haifa 31096, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
He B, Shi J, Wang X, Jiang H, Zhu HJ. Genome-wide pQTL analysis of protein expression regulatory networks in the human liver. BMC Biol 2020; 18:97. [PMID: 32778093 PMCID: PMC7418398 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00830-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) studies have identified thousands of genetic variants to be associated with gene expression at the mRNA level in the human liver. However, protein expression often correlates poorly with mRNA levels. Thus, protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) study is required to identify genetic variants that regulate protein expression in human livers. RESULTS We conducted a genome-wide pQTL study in 287 normal human liver samples and identified 900 local pQTL variants and 4026 distant pQTL variants. We further discovered 53 genome hotspots of pQTL variants. Transcriptional region mapping analysis showed that 1133 pQTL variants are in transcriptional regulatory regions. Genomic region enrichment analysis of the identified pQTL variants revealed 804 potential regulatory interactions among 595 predicted regulators (e.g., non-coding RNAs) and 394 proteins. Moreover, pQTL variants and trait-variant integration analysis implied several novel mechanisms underlying the relationships between protein expression and liver diseases, such as alcohol dependence. Notably, over 2000 of the identified pQTL variants have not been reported in previous eQTL studies, suggesting extensive involvement of genetic polymorphisms in post-transcriptional regulation of protein expression in human livers. CONCLUSIONS We have partially established protein expression regulation networks in human livers and generated a wealth of pQTL data that could serve as a valuable resource for the scientific community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing He
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, 428 Church Street, Room 4565 NUB, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1065, USA
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, 428 Church Street, Room 4565 NUB, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1065, USA
| | - Xinwen Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, 428 Church Street, Room 4565 NUB, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1065, USA
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hao-Jie Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, 428 Church Street, Room 4565 NUB, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ragamin A, Yigit G, Bousset K, Beleggia F, Verheijen FW, de Wit MY, Strom TM, Dörk T, Wollnik B, Mancini GMS. Human RAD50 deficiency: Confirmation of a distinctive phenotype. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:1378-1386. [PMID: 32212377 PMCID: PMC7318339 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are highly toxic DNA lesions that can lead to chromosomal instability, loss of genes and cancer. The MRE11/RAD50/NBN (MRN) complex is keystone involved in signaling processes inducing the repair of DSB by, for example, in activating pathways leading to homologous recombination repair and nonhomologous end joining. Additionally, the MRN complex also plays an important role in the maintenance of telomeres and can act as a stabilizer at replication forks. Mutations in NBN and MRE11 are associated with Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) and ataxia telangiectasia (AT)-like disorder, respectively. So far, only one single patient with biallelic loss of function variants in RAD50 has been reported presenting with features classified as NBS-like disorder. Here, we report a long-term follow-up of an unrelated patient with facial dysmorphisms, microcephaly, skeletal features, and short stature who is homozygous for a novel variant in RAD50. We could show that this variant, c.2524G > A in exon 15 of the RAD50 gene, induces aberrant splicing of RAD50 mRNA mainly leading to premature protein truncation and thereby, most likely, to loss of RAD50 function. Using patient-derived primary fibroblasts, we could show abnormal radioresistant DNA synthesis confirming pathogenicity of the identified variant. Immunoblotting experiments showed strongly reduced protein levels of RAD50 in the patient-derived fibroblasts and provided evidence for a markedly reduced radiation-induced AT-mutated signaling. Comparison with the previously reported case and with patients presenting with NBS confirms that RAD50 mutations lead to a similar, but distinctive phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aviël Ragamin
- Department of Clinical GeneticsErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Gökhan Yigit
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Kristine Bousset
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Filippo Beleggia
- Clinic I of Internal MedicineUniversity Hospital CologneCologneGermany
| | - Frans W. Verheijen
- Department of Clinical GeneticsErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marie‐Claire Y. de Wit
- Department of Child NeurologySophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamNetherlands
- ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental DisordersRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tim M. Strom
- Institute of Human GeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
- Institute of Human GeneticsTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Bernd Wollnik
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC)University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Grazia M. S. Mancini
- Department of Clinical GeneticsErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
- ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental DisordersRotterdamThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li Y, McGrail DJ, Latysheva N, Yi S, Babu MM, Sahni N. Pathway perturbations in signaling networks: Linking genotype to phenotype. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 99:3-11. [PMID: 29738884 PMCID: PMC6230320 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genes and gene products interact with each other to form signal transduction networks in the cell. The interactome networks are under intricate regulation in physiological conditions, but could go awry upon genome instability caused by genetic mutations. In the past decade with next-generation sequencing technologies, an increasing number of genomic mutations have been identified in a variety of disease patients and healthy individuals. As functional and systematic studies on these mutations leap forward, they begin to reveal insights into cellular homeostasis and disease mechanisms. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the field of network biology and signaling pathway perturbations upon genomic changes, and highlight the success of various omics datasets in unraveling genotype-to-phenotype relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Li
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Daniel J McGrail
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Natasha Latysheva
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Song Yi
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - M Madan Babu
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - Nidhi Sahni
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Program in Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang R, Ma J, Avery JT, Sambandam V, Nguyen TH, Xu B, Suto MJ, Boohaker RJ. GLI1 Inhibitor SRI-38832 Attenuates Chemotherapeutic Resistance by Downregulating NBS1 Transcription in BRAF V600E Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:241. [PMID: 32185127 PMCID: PMC7058788 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to radiation and chemotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients contribute significantly to refractory disease and disease progression. Herein, we provide mechanistic rationale for acquired or inherent chemotherapeutic resistance to the anti-tumor effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) that is linked to oncogenic GLI1 transcription activity and NBS1 overexpression. Patients with high levels of GLI1 also expressed high levels of NBS1. Non-canonical activation of GLI1 is driven through oncogenic pathways in CRC, like the BRAFV600E mutation. GLI1 was identified as a novel regulator of NBS1 and discovered that by knocking down GLI1 levels in vitro, diminished NBS1 expression, increased DNA damage/apoptosis, and re-sensitization of 5-FU resistant cancer to treatment was observed. Furthermore, a novel GLI1 inhibitor, SRI-38832, which exhibited pharmacokinetic properties suitable for in vivo testing, was identified. GLI1 inhibition in a murine BRAFV600E variant xenograft model of CRC resulted in the same down-regulation of NBS1 observed in vitro as well as significant reduction of tumor growth/burden. GLI1 inhibition could therefore be a therapeutic option for 5-FU resistant and BRAFV600E variant CRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruowen Zhang
- Southern Research, Division of Drug Discovery, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jinlu Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Justin T. Avery
- Southern Research, Division of Drug Discovery, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Vijaya Sambandam
- Southern Research, Division of Drug Discovery, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Theresa H. Nguyen
- Southern Research, Division of Drug Discovery, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Bo Xu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mark J. Suto
- Southern Research, Division of Drug Discovery, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rebecca J. Boohaker
- Southern Research, Division of Drug Discovery, Birmingham, AL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
NBS1 interacts with HP1 to ensure genome integrity. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:951. [PMID: 31836699 PMCID: PMC6911104 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1) and the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex are conserved factors that play crucial role in genome stability and integrity. Despite their involvement in overlapping cellular functions, ranging from chromatin organization, telomere maintenance to DNA replication and repair, a tight functional relationship between HP1 and the MRN complex has never been elucidated. Here we show that the Drosophila HP1a protein binds to the MRN complex through its chromoshadow domain (CSD). In addition, loss of any of the MRN members reduces HP1a levels indicating that the MRN complex acts as regulator of HP1a stability. Moreover, overexpression of HP1a in nbs (but not in rad50 or mre11) mutant cells drastically reduces DNA damage associated with the loss of Nbs suggesting that HP1a and Nbs work in concert to maintain chromosome integrity in flies. We have also found that human HP1α and NBS1 interact with each other and that, similarly to Drosophila, siRNA-mediated inhibition of NBS1 reduces HP1α levels in human cultured cells. Surprisingly, fibroblasts from Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome (NBS) patients, carrying the 657del5 hypomorphic mutation in NBS1 and expressing the p26 and p70 NBS1 fragments, accumulate HP1α indicating that, differently from NBS1 knockout cells, the presence of truncated NBS1 extends HP1α turnover and/or promotes its stability. Remarkably, an siRNA-mediated reduction of HP1α in NBS fibroblasts decreases the hypersensitivity to irradiation, a characteristic of the NBS syndrome. Overall, our data provide an unanticipated evidence of a close interaction between HP1 and NBS1 that is essential for genome stability and point up HP1α as a potential target to counteract chromosome instability in NBS patient cells.
Collapse
|
18
|
Möröy T, Khandanpour C. Role of GFI1 in Epigenetic Regulation of MDS and AML Pathogenesis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Front Oncol 2019; 9:824. [PMID: 31508375 PMCID: PMC6718700 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth factor independence 1 (GFI1) is a DNA binding zinc finger protein, which can mediate transcriptional repression mainly by recruiting histone-modifying enzymes to its target genes. GFI1 plays important roles in hematopoiesis, in particular by regulating both the function of hematopoietic stem- and precursor cells and differentiation along myeloid and lymphoid lineages. In recent years, a number of publications have provided evidence that GFI1 is involved in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), its proposed precursor, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and possibly also in the progression from MDS to AML. For instance, expression levels of the GFI1 gene correlate with patient survival and treatment response in both AML and MDS and can influence disease progression and maintenance in experimental animal models. Also, a non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of GFI1, GFI1-36N, which encodes a variant GFI1 protein with a decreased efficiency to act as a transcriptional repressor, was found to be a prognostic factor for the development of AML and MDS. Both the GFI1-36N variant as well as reduced expression of the GFI1 gene lead to genome-wide epigenetic changes at sites where GFI1 occupies target gene promoters and enhancers. These epigenetic changes alter the response of leukemic cells to epigenetic drugs such as HDAC- or HAT inhibitors, indicating that GFI1 expression levels and genetic variants of GFI1 are of clinical relevance. Based on these and other findings, specific therapeutic approaches have been proposed to treat AML by targeting some of the epigenetic changes that occur as a consequence of GFI1 expression. Here, we will review the well-known role of Gfi1 as a transcription factor and describe the more recently discovered functions of GFI1 that are independent of DNA binding and how these might affect disease progression and the choice of epigenetic drugs for therapeutic regimens of AML and MDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Möröy
- Department of Hematopoiesis and Cancer, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cyrus Khandanpour
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ha GH, Ji JH, Chae S, Park J, Kim S, Lee JK, Kim Y, Min S, Park JM, Kang TH, Lee H, Cho H, Lee CW. Pellino1 regulates reversible ATM activation via NBS1 ubiquitination at DNA double-strand breaks. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1577. [PMID: 30952868 PMCID: PMC6450972 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09641-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand break (DSB) signaling and repair are critical for genome integrity. They rely on highly coordinated processes including posttranslational modifications of proteins. Here we show that Pellino1 (Peli1) is a DSB-responsive ubiquitin ligase required for the accumulation of DNA damage response proteins and efficient homologous recombination (HR) repair. Peli1 is activated by ATM-mediated phosphorylation. It is recruited to DSB sites in ATM- and γH2AX-dependent manners. Interaction of Peli1 with phosphorylated histone H2AX enables it to bind to and mediate the formation of K63-linked ubiquitination of NBS1, which subsequently results in feedback activation of ATM and promotes HR repair. Collectively, these results provide a DSB-responsive factor underlying the connection between ATM kinase and DSB-induced ubiquitination. Occurrence of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair is important for genome integrity. Here, the authors reveal that Pellino1 is a DSB-responsive ubiquitin ligase required for promoting the accumulation of ATM and MRN complex at DSB sites via NBS1 ubiquitination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geun-Hyoung Ha
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Ji
- Genomic Instability Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunyoung Chae
- Institute of Medical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyeon Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kwan Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghyeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Min
- Genomic Instability Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Park
- Department of Biological Science, Dong-A University, Pusan, 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hong Kang
- Department of Biological Science, Dong-A University, Pusan, 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeseong Cho
- Genomic Instability Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Woo Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Khan C, Muliyil S, Rao BJ. Genome Damage Sensing Leads to Tissue Homeostasis in Drosophila. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 345:173-224. [PMID: 30904193 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DNA repair is a critical cellular process required for the maintenance of genomic integrity. It is now well appreciated that cells employ several DNA repair pathways to take care of distinct types of DNA damage. It is also well known that a cascade of signals namely DNA damage response or DDR is activated in response to DNA damage which comprise cellular responses, such as cell cycle arrest, DNA repair and cell death, if the damage is irreparable. There is also emerging literature suggesting a cross-talk between DNA damage signaling and several signaling networks within a cell. Moreover, cell death players themselves are also well known to engage in processes outside their canonical function of apoptosis. This chapter attempts to build a link between DNA damage, DDR and signaling from the studies mainly conducted in mammals and Drosophila model systems, with a special emphasis on their relevance in overall tissue homeostasis and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaitali Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Sonia Muliyil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - B J Rao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rusak B, Kluźniak W, Wokołorczykv D, Stempa K, Kashyap A, Gronwald J, Huzarski T, Dębniak T, Jakubowska A, Masojć B, Akbari MR, Narodv SA, Lubiński J, Cybulski C. Inherited NBN Mutations and Prostate Cancer Risk and Survival. Cancer Res Treat 2018; 51:1180-1187. [PMID: 30590007 PMCID: PMC6639207 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2018.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to establish the contribution of four founder alleles of NBN to prostate cancer risk and cancer survival. Materials and Methods Five thousand one hundred eighty-nine men with prostate cancer and 6,152 controls were genotyped for four recurrent variants of NBN (657del5, R215W, I171V, and E185Q). Results The NBN 657del5 mutation was detected in 74 of 5,189 unselected cases and in 35 of 6,152 controls (odds ratio [OR], 2.5; p < 0.001). In carriers of 657del5 deletion, the cancer risk was restricted to men with the GG genotype of the E185Q variant of the same gene. Among men with the GG genotype, the OR associated with 657del5 was 4.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4 to 8.0). Among men with other E185Q genotypes, the OR associated with 657del5 was 1.4 (95% CI, 0.8 to 2.4) and the interaction was significant (homogeneity p=0.006). After a median follow-up of 109 months, mortality was worse for 657del5 mutation carriers than for non-carriers (hazard ratio [HR], 1.6; p=0.001). The adverse effect of 657del5 on survival was only seen on the background of the GG genotype of E185Q (HR, 1.9; p=0.0004). Conclusion The NBN 657del5 mutation predisposes to poor prognosis prostate cancer. The pathogenicity of this mutation, with regards to both prostate cancer risk and survival, is modified by a missense variant of the same gene (E185Q).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Rusak
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kluźniak
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dominika Wokołorczykv
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Klaudia Stempa
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aniruddh Kashyap
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Huzarski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.,Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Dębniak
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.,Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Mohammad R Akbari
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Steven A Narodv
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen MY, Hsu WC, Hsu SC, Yang YS, Chuang TH, Lin WJ, Tan TH, Su YW. PP4 deficiency leads to DNA replication stress that impairs immunoglobulin class switch efficiency. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:1221-1234. [PMID: 30237510 PMCID: PMC6748143 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0199-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine phosphatase PP4 has been implicated in DNA damage repair and cell cycle regulation through its dephosphorylation of specific substrates. We previously showed that PP4 is required for mouse B cell development, germinal center (GC) formation and immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination (CSR). Here, we investigate the mechanisms underlying this requirement and demonstrate that murine PP4-deficient B lymphocytes have a defect in cell proliferation. Strikingly, the DNA damage response pathway that involves ATM/p53 and is linked to cell cycle arrest and impaired cell survival is strongly induced in these mutant B cells. In response to LPS + IL-4, stimuli that trigger IgG1 production, these PP4-deficient B cells show inefficient phosphorylation of ATR, leading to reduced retention of γH2AX-NBS1 complexes at sites of DNA damage, and compromised switching to IgG1. However, beyond the cell proliferation phase, conditional deletion of PP4 under the control of AID/cre completely restores normal IgG1 production in mutant B cell cultures. In vivo, co-deletion of PP4 and p53 by AID/cre partially rescues switching to IgG1 in B cells of mice immunized with TNP-KLH. Our findings establish that PP4 is indispensable for preventing DNA replication stress that could interfere with CSR, thereby promoting antibody switching during the humoral immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yu Chen
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chan Hsu
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ching Hsu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, NHRI, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Chang Hua, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shao Yang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, NHRI, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chuang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jye Lin
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hua Tan
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yu-Wen Su
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Khateri S, Balali-Mood M, Blain P, Williams F, Jowsey P, Soroush MR, Behravan E, Sadeghi M. DNA damage and repair proteins in cellular response to sulfur mustard in Iranian veterans more than two decades after exposure. Toxicol Lett 2018; 293:67-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
24
|
Shimura N, Kojima S. The Lowest Radiation Dose Having Molecular Changes in the Living Body. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818777326. [PMID: 29977175 PMCID: PMC6024299 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818777326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein attempted to identify the lowest radiation dose causing molecular changes in the living body. We investigated the effects of radiation in human cells, animals, and humans. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) formed in cells at γ- or X-ray irradiation doses between 1 mGy and 0.5 Gy; however, the extent of DSB formation differed depending on the cell species. The formation of micronuclei (MNs) and nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) was noted at radiation doses between 0.1 and 0.2 Gy. Stress-responsive genes were upregulated by lower radiation doses than those that induced DNA DSBs or MN and NPBs. These γ- or X-ray radiation doses ranged between approximately 10 and 50 mGy. In animals, chromosomal aberrations were detected between 50 mGy and 0.1 Gy of low linear energy transfer radiation, 0.1 Gy of metal ion beams, and 9 mGy of fast neutrons. In humans, DNA damage has been observed in children who underwent computed tomography scans with an estimated blood radiation dose as low as 0.15 mGy shortly after examination. The frequencies of chromosomal translocations were lower in residents of high background areas than in those of control areas. In humans, systemic adaptive responses may have been prominently expressed at these radiation doses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Shimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ohu University, Tomita-machi, Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shuji Kojima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Radiation Biosciences, Tokyo University of Science (TUS), Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumor suppressors in neural crest cells are essential for craniofacial bone development. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007340. [PMID: 29718910 PMCID: PMC5951594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial abnormalities, including facial skeletal defects, comprise approximately one-third of all birth defects in humans. Since most bones in the face derive from cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs), which are multipotent stem cells, craniofacial bone disorders are largely attributed to defects in CNCCs. However, it remains unclear how the niche of CNCCs is coordinated by multiple gene regulatory networks essential for craniofacial bone development. Here we report that tumor suppressors breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and breast cancer 2 (BRCA2) are required for craniofacial bone development in mice. Disruption of Brca1 in CNCC-derived mesenchymal cells, but not in epithelial-derived cells, resulted in craniofacial skeletal defects. Whereas osteogenic differentiation was normal, both osteogenic proliferation and survival were severely attenuated in Brca1 mutants. Brca1-deficient craniofacial skeletogenic precursors displayed increased DNA damage and enhanced cell apoptosis. Importantly, the craniofacial skeletal defects were sufficiently rescued by superimposing p53 null alleles in a neural crest-specific manner in vivo, indicating that BRCA1 deficiency induced DNA damage, cell apoptosis, and that the pathogenesis of craniofacial bone defects can be compensated by inactivation of p53. Mice lacking Brca2 in CNCCs, but not in epithelial-derived cells, also displayed abnormalities resembling the craniofacial skeletal malformations observed in Brca1 mutants. Our data shed light on the importance of BRCA1/BRCA2 function in CNCCs during craniofacial skeletal formation. Craniofacial abnormalities, including facial skeletal defects, comprise approximately one-third of all birth defects in humans. Since most bones in the face derive from neural crest cells, which are multipotent stem cells, craniofacial bone disorders are largely attributed to defects in neural crest cells. However, it remains unclear how the niche of neural crest cells is coordinated by multiple gene regulatory networks essential for craniofacial bone development. Here, we show that tumor suppressor breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and breast cancer 2 (BRCA2) are required for craniofacial bone development in mice. Our data shed light on the importance of the DNA damage response/repair machinery in neural crest cells via BRCA1/BRCA2, providing novel insights into the mechanisms of craniofacial bone development.
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhen Y, Xiao R, Chen X, Yuan C, Sun Y, Li J. A non-synonymous polymorphism in NBS1 is associated with progression from chronic hepatitis B virus infection to hepatocellular carcinoma in a Chinese population. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:563-569. [PMID: 29416357 PMCID: PMC5790086 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s153538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1 (NBS1) has a vital role in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, functioning as a sensor to identify and repair DNA damage and maintaining genomic stability by participating in the intra-S-phase checkpoint. Polymorphisms of NBS1 have been investigated in multiple cancers with variable results. To our best knowledge, no previous study has focused on the association between NBS1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Five NBS1 SNPs were selected based on their potential functional impact. A hospital-based cohort, comprising 481 patients with HBV-related HCC, 508 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB), and 581 healthy controls, was recruited for genotyping analysis. RESULTS After quality control, four SNPs were successfully genotyped (rs10464867, rs1063053, rs1805794, and rs709816), none of which were significantly associated with HCC or CHB compared with those of healthy controls. Similarly, the combined HBV-infected group (including the HCC and CHB groups) exhibited no significant associations with these SNPs compared with healthy controls. In contrast, comparison of the frequency of rs1805794 between patients with CHB and those with HCC identified a significant association (P=2.99E-03, odds ratio =1.31, 95% confidence interval =1.10-1.56). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that, as a non-synonymous SNP, the rs1805794 C/G polymorphism may play a role in the progression from CHB to HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya’nan Zhen
- Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan
| | - Ruixue Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan
| | - Xing Chen
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan
| | - Changjin Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan
| | - Yanlai Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sobti R, Shekari M, Tamandani DK, Kaur P, Suri V, Huria A. Effect of NBS1 Gene Polymorphism on the Risk of Cervix Carcinoma in a Northern Indian Population. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 23:133-9. [DOI: 10.1177/172460080802300301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common neoplastic diseases affecting women, with a worldwide incidence of almost half a million cases. A history of smoking and use of oral contraceptives have been confirmed to be risk factors for cervical cancer. Genetic susceptibility and immune response, especially impaired cellular immune response, may well be related to the development of cervical cancer. NBS1 is one of the key proteins participating in the recognition and repair of double-strand breaks that may lead to genomic instability and cancer if unrepaired. The objective of the present study was therefore to investigate NBS1 Glu185Gln gene polymorphisms and the risk of cervix cancer in a northern Indian population. We found that passive smokers having particular NBS1 genotypes (Glu/Gln, Gln/Gln or Glu/Gln + Gln/Gln) have an increased risk of developing cervix cancer (OR 5.21, p=0.000001; OR 4.60, p=0.001; OR 5.10, p=0.0000009, respectively). The risk was increased 2.4-fold in oral contraceptive users with a Glu/Gln genotype. We conclude that the risk of cervical cancer is increased in passive smokers and in users of oral contraceptives with certain NBS1 genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R.C. Sobti
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh
| | - M. Shekari
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh
| | | | - P. Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh
| | - V. Suri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh
| | - A. Huria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh - India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fujii N. Potential Strategies to Target Protein-Protein Interactions in the DNA Damage Response and Repair Pathways. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9932-9959. [PMID: 28654754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review article discusses some insights about generating novel mechanistic inhibitors of the DNA damage response and repair (DDR) pathways by focusing on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of the key DDR components. General requirements for PPI strategies, such as selecting the target PPI site on the basis of its functionality, are discussed first. Next, on the basis of functional rationale and biochemical feasibility to identify a PPI inhibitor, 26 PPIs in DDR pathways (BER, MMR, NER, NHEJ, HR, TLS, and ICL repair) are specifically discussed for inhibitor discovery to benefit cancer therapies using a DNA-damaging agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoaki Fujii
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Moazzeni H, Najafi A, Khani M. Identification of direct target genes of miR-7, miR-9, miR-96, and miR-182 in the human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Mol Cell Probes 2017; 34:45-52. [PMID: 28546132 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Some microRNAs have carcinogenic or tumor suppressive effects in breast cancer, which is the most common cancer in women worldwide. MiR-7 and miR-9 are tumor suppressor microRNAs, which induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation in breast cancer cells. Moreover, miR-96 and miR-182 are onco-microRNAs that increase proliferation, migration, and tumorigenesis in breast cancer cells. This study aimed to identify the direct target genes of these four microRNAs in the human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Initially, bioinformatics tools were used to identify the target genes that have binding sites for miR-7, MiR-9, MiR-96, and miR-182 and are also associated with breast cancer. Subsequently, the findings of the bioinformatics analysis relating to the effects of these four microRNAs on the 3'-UTR activity of the potential target genes were confirmed using the dual luciferase assay in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells co-transfected with the vectors containing 3'-UTR segments of the target genes downstream of a luciferase coding gene and each of the microRNAs. Finally, the effects of microRNAs on the endogenous expression of potential target genes were assessed by the overexpression of each of the four microRNAs in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Respectively, three, three, three, and seven genes were found to have binding sites for miR-7, miR-9, miR-96, and miR-182 and were associated with breast cancer. The results of empirical studies including dual luciferase assays and real-time PCR confirmed that miR-7 regulates the expression of BRCA1 and LASP1; MiR-9 regulates the expression of AR; miR-96 regulates the expression of ABCA1; and miR-182 regulates the expression of NBN, TOX3, and LASP1. Taken together, our results suggest that the tumor suppressive effects of miR-7 may be mediated partly by regulating the expression of BRCA1 as a tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer. In addition, this microRNA and miR-182 may have effects on the nodal-positivity and tumor size of breast carcinoma through the regulation of LASP1. The tumor suppressive functions of miR-9 may be mediated partly by suppressing the expression of AR-an oncogene in breast cancer. Moreover, miR-96 may play an oncogenic role in breast cancer by suppressing the apoptosis through the regulation of ABCA1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Moazzeni
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Najafi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Marzieh Khani
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nestal de Moraes G, Bella L, Zona S, Burton MJ, Lam EWF. Insights into a Critical Role of the FOXO3a-FOXM1 Axis in DNA Damage Response and Genotoxic Drug Resistance. Curr Drug Targets 2016; 17:164-77. [PMID: 25418858 PMCID: PMC5403963 DOI: 10.2174/1389450115666141122211549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
FOXO3a and FOXM1 are two forkhead transcription factors with antagonistic roles in cancer and DNA damage response. FOXO3a functions like a typical tumour suppressor, whereas FOXM1 is a potent oncogene aberrantly overexpressed in genotoxic resistant cancers. FOXO3a not only represses FOXM1 expression but also its transcriptional output. Recent research has provided novel insights into a central role for FOXO3a and FOXM1 in DNA damage response. The FOXO3a-FOXM1 axis plays a pivotal role in DNA damage repair and the accompanied cellular response through regulating the expression of genes essential for DNA damage sensing, mediating, signalling and repair as well as for senescence, cell cycle and cell death control. In this manner, the FOXO3a-FOXM1 axis also holds the key to cell fate decision in response to genotoxic therapeutic agents and controls the equilibrium between DNA repair and cell termination by cell death or senescence. As a consequence, inhibition of FOXM1 or reactivation of FOXO3a in cancer cells could enhance the efficacy of DNA damaging cancer therapies by decreasing the rate of DNA repair and cell survival while increasing senescence and cell death. Conceptually, targeting FOXO3a and FOXM1 may represent a promising molecular therapeutic option for improving the efficacy and selectivity of DNA damage agents, particularly in genotoxic agent resistant cancer. In addition, FOXO3a, FOXM1 and their downstream transcriptional targets may also be reliable diagnostic biomarkers for predicting outcome, for selecting therapeutic options, and for monitoring treatments in DNA-damaging agent therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eric W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ainsbury EA, Barnard S, Bright S, Dalke C, Jarrin M, Kunze S, Tanner R, Dynlacht JR, Quinlan RA, Graw J, Kadhim M, Hamada N. Ionizing radiation induced cataracts: Recent biological and mechanistic developments and perspectives for future research. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 770:238-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
32
|
Komatsu K. NBS1 and multiple regulations of DNA damage response. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2016; 57 Suppl 1:i11-i17. [PMID: 27068998 PMCID: PMC4990113 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrw031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage response is finely tuned, with several pathways including those for DNA repair, chromatin remodeling and cell cycle checkpoint, although most studies to date have focused on single pathways. Genetic diseases characterized by genome instability have provided novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of DNA damage response. NBS1, a protein responsible for the radiation-sensitive autosomal recessive disorder Nijmegen breakage syndrome, is one of the first factors to accumulate at sites of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). NBS1 binds to at least five key proteins, including ATM, RPA, MRE11, RAD18 and RNF20, in the conserved regions within a limited span of the C terminus, functioning in the regulation of chromatin remodeling, cell cycle checkpoint and DNA repair in response to DSBs. In this article, we reviewed the functions of these binding proteins and their comprehensive association with NBS1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenshi Komatsu
- Division of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chen Q, Yu X. OGT restrains the expansion of DNA damage signaling. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:9266-9278. [PMID: 27458206 PMCID: PMC5100584 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O-linked N-acetylglucosamine linkage (O-GlcNAcylation) to serine or threonine residues regulates numerous biological processes; however, its role in DNA damage response remains elusive. Here, we found that O-GlcNAcylation is induced by DNA damage response. O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), the solo enzyme for O-GlcNAcylation, relocates to the sites of DNA damage and induces the O-GlcNAcylation of histone H2AX and mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (MDC1). The O-GlcNAcylation negatively regulates DNA double-strand break-induced phosphorylation of H2AX and MDC1 by restraining the expansion of these phosphorylation events from the sites of DNA damage. Therefore, our study reveals the molecular mechanism and biological function of OGT-dependent O-GlcNAcylation in response to DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xiaochun Yu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
VRK1 phosphorylates and protects NBS1 from ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation in response to DNA damage. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:760-9. [PMID: 26869104 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
NBS1 is an early component in DNA-Damage Response (DDR) that participates in the initiation of the responses aiming to repair double-strand breaks caused by different mechanisms. Early steps in DDR have to react to local alterations in chromatin that are induced by DNA damage. NBS1 participates in the early detection of DNA damage and functions as a platform for the recruitment and assembly of components that are sequentially required for the repair process. In this work we have studied whether the VRK1 chromatin kinase can affect the activation of NBS1 in response to DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation. VRK1 is forming a basal preassembled complex with NBS1 in non-damaged cells. Knockdown of VRK1 resulted in the loss of NBS1 foci induced by ionizing radiation, an effect that was also detected in cell-cycle arrested cells and in ATM (-/-) cells. The phosphorylation of NBS1 in Ser343 by VRK1 is induced by either doxorubicin or IR in ATM (-/-) cells. Phosphorylated NBS1 is also complexed with VRK1. NBS1 phosphorylation by VRK1 cooperates with ATM. This phosphorylation of NBS1 by VRK1 contributes to the stability of NBS1 in ATM (-/-) cells, and the consequence of its loss can be prevented by treatment with the MG132 proteasome inhibitor of RNF8. We conclude that VRK1 regulation of NBS1 contributes to the stability of the repair complex and permits the sequential steps in DDR.
Collapse
|
35
|
Sakai D, Dixon J, Achilleos A, Dixon M, Trainor PA. Prevention of Treacher Collins syndrome craniofacial anomalies in mouse models via maternal antioxidant supplementation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10328. [PMID: 26792133 PMCID: PMC4735750 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial anomalies account for approximately one-third of all birth defects and are a significant cause of infant mortality. Since the majority of the bones, cartilage and connective tissues that comprise the head and face are derived from a multipotent migratory progenitor cell population called the neural crest, craniofacial disorders are typically attributed to defects in neural crest cell development. Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is a disorder of craniofacial development and although TCS arises primarily through autosomal dominant mutations in TCOF1, no clear genotype-phenotype correlation has been documented. Here we show that Tcof1 haploinsufficiency results in oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and neuroepithelial cell death. Consistent with this discovery, maternal treatment with antioxidants minimizes cell death in the neuroepithelium and substantially ameliorates or prevents the pathogenesis of craniofacial anomalies in Tcof1(+/-) mice. Thus maternal antioxidant dietary supplementation may provide an avenue for protection against the pathogenesis of TCS and similar neurocristopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sakai
- Organization for Research Initiatives and Development, Doshisha University, Karasuma Higashi-iru, Imadegawa-dori, Kamigyo, Kyoto 602-8580, Japan
| | - Jill Dixon
- Dental School, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Annita Achilleos
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
| | - Michael Dixon
- Dental School, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Paul A. Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kato S, Yoshimura K, Kimata T, Mine K, Uchiyama T, Kaneko K. Urinary 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: A Biomarker for Radiation-Induced Oxidative DNA Damage in Pediatric Cardiac Catheterization. J Pediatr 2015; 167:1369-1374.e1. [PMID: 26442998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the utility of urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a sensitive biomarker for radiation-induced cellular DNA damage in children undergoing cardiac catheterization. STUDY DESIGN We enrolled pediatric patients with congenital heart diseases requiring cardiac catheterization in conjunction with healthy children and children under sedation as control. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and invasive hemodynamic data, urinary 8-OHdG levels, and radiation exposure measurements were collected prospectively. RESULTS Nineteen patients, 10 healthy children and 9 children under sedation, were studied. In 19 patients who underwent cardiac catheterization, the median level of 8-OHdG in urine obtained at 24-48 hours after the procedure was significantly higher than at baseline (44.0 vs 17.3 ng/mg creatinine, P = .0001). Furthermore, the urinary 8-OHdG level after the procedure increased in 18 of the 19 study subjects. In contrast, there was no significant difference in 8-OHdG levels between the 2 spot urine samples obtained at arbitrary intervals of 24-48 hours in 10 healthy children (P = .7213), and at baseline and 24-48 hours following echocardiography in 9 children under sedation (P = .1097). Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the cumulative air kerma during the cardiac catheterization was the variable which was strongly and significantly associated with the ratio of post- to precardiac catheterization urinary 8-OHdG levels among the evaluated variables (R(2) = 0.7179, F = 11.0256, P = .0007). CONCLUSIONS Urinary 8-OHdG could be a useful biomarker for radiation-induced cellular DNA damage in children undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Yoshimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kimata
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Mine
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Kazunari Kaneko
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rosinha A, Assis J, Dias F, Nogueira A, Pereira D, Maurício J, Teixeira AL, Medeiros R. DNA repair system and renal cell carcinoma prognosis: under the influence of NBS1. Med Oncol 2015; 32:255. [PMID: 26493193 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nibrin (NBS1) is a protein involved in the maintenance of genomic stability and in DNA repair mechanisms. The NBS1 E185Q polymorphism (rs1805794) has been investigated in several studies, including its influence in the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), although its prognostic value is still not determined for these patients. The purpose of the present work was to determine the role of NBS1 E185Q polymorphism as a prognostic factor/genetic marker of survival in patients with RCC. We conducted a hospital-based study analyzing 172 caucasian patients with histopathological diagnosis of RCC, for which polymorphism genotyping was performed by TaqMan(®) Allelic Discrimination methodology. In this study, we have found that male patients, non-metastatic at diagnosis and NBS1 C allele carriers (GC/CC) showed a lower 5-years survival when compared with GG genotype patients (P = 0.045). Furthermore, for carriers of low-activity NBS1 C allele, multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed almost a fourfold increase in risk of death at 5 years, after adjustment for age, histological type, Fuhrman's grade, tumor size and vascular permeation (HR 3.92; 95 % CI 1.33-11.57; P = 0.013). There were no statistically significant differences between the NBS1 E185Q genotypes and the assessed patients' clinical-pathological characteristics. Our results demonstrate for the first time the impact of NBS1 E185Q polymorphism in RCC prognosis suggesting that, for RCC male patients non-metastatic at diagnosis, this polymorphism might be a putative genetic marker in the clinical outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Rosinha
- Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group - Research Center, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Assis
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group - Research Center, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,FMUP, Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Dias
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group - Research Center, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, Porto, Portugal.,Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), Porto, Portugal
| | - Augusto Nogueira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group - Research Center, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,FMUP, Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, Porto, Portugal.,Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), Porto, Portugal
| | - Deolinda Pereira
- Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group - Research Center, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joaquina Maurício
- Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Teixeira
- Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group - Research Center, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal. .,ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, Porto, Portugal. .,CEBIMED, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal. .,Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), Porto, Portugal. .,IPO Porto, R Ant Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Poulose N, Raju R. Sirtuin regulation in aging and injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2442-55. [PMID: 26303641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins or Sir2 family of proteins are a class of NAD(+) dependent protein deacetylases which are evolutionarily conserved from bacteria to humans. Some sirtuins also exhibit mono-ADP ribosyl transferase, demalonylation and desuccinylation activities. Originally identified in the yeast, these proteins regulate key cellular processes like cell cycle, apoptosis, metabolic regulation and inflammation. Humans encode seven sirtuin isoforms SIRT1-SIRT7 with varying intracellular distribution. Apart from their classic role as histone deacetylases regulating transcription, a number of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial targets of sirtuins have also been identified. Sirtuins have been implicated in longevity and accumulating evidence indicate their role in a spectrum of diseases like cancer, diabetes, obesity and neurodegenerative diseases. A number of studies have reported profound changes in SIRT1 expression and activity linked to mitochondrial functional alterations following hypoxic-ischemic conditions and following reoxygenation injury. The SIRT1 mediated deacetylation of targets such as PGC-1α, FOXO3, p53 and NF-κb has profound effect on mitochondrial function, apoptosis and inflammation. These biological processes and functions are critical in life-span determination and outcome following injury. Aging is reported to be characterized by declining SIRT1 activity, and its increased expression or activation demonstrated prolonged life-span in lower forms of animals. A pseudohypoxic state due to declining NAD(+) has also been implicated in aging. In this review we provide an overview of studies on the role of sirtuins in aging and injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ninu Poulose
- Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Raghavan Raju
- Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Perry C, Agarwal D, Abdel-Fatah TMA, Lourdusamy A, Grundy R, Auer DT, Walker D, Lakhani R, Scott IS, Chan S, Ball G, Madhusudan S. Dissecting DNA repair in adult high grade gliomas for patient stratification in the post-genomic era. Oncotarget 2015; 5:5764-81. [PMID: 25026297 PMCID: PMC4170616 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of multiple DNA repair pathways may contribute to aggressive biology and therapy resistance in gliomas. We evaluated transcript levels of 157 genes involved in DNA repair in an adult glioblastoma Test set (n=191) and validated in ‘The Cancer Genome Atlas’ (TCGA) cohort (n=508). A DNA repair prognostic index model was generated. Artificial neural network analysis (ANN) was conducted to investigate global gene interactions. Protein expression by immunohistochemistry was conducted in 61 tumours. A fourteen DNA repair gene expression panel was associated with poor survival in Test and TCGA cohorts. A Cox multivariate model revealed APE1, NBN, PMS2, MGMT and PTEN as independently associated with poor prognosis. A DNA repair prognostic index incorporating APE1, NBN, PMS2, MGMT and PTEN stratified patients in to three prognostic sub-groups with worsening survival. APE1, NBN, PMS2, MGMT and PTEN also have predictive significance in patients who received chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. ANN analysis of APE1, NBN, PMS2, MGMT and PTEN revealed interactions with genes involved in transcription, hypoxia and metabolic regulation. At the protein level, low APE1 and low PTEN remain associated with poor prognosis. In conclusion, multiple DNA repair pathways operate to influence biology and clinical outcomes in adult high grade gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Perry
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | - Devika Agarwal
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tarek M A Abdel-Fatah
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anbarasu Lourdusamy
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | - Richard Grundy
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | - Dorothee T Auer
- Department of Academic Radiology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - David Walker
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ravi Lakhani
- University of Leicester Medical School, Maurice Shock Building, University Road, Leicester, UK
| | - Ian S Scott
- Department of Neuropathology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stephen Chan
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Graham Ball
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK; Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kobayashi J, Saito Y, Okui M, Miwa N, Komatsu K. Increased oxidative stress in AOA3 cells disturbs ATM-dependent DNA damage responses. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 782:42-50. [PMID: 25868131 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is caused by a mutation in the ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) gene; the condition is associated with hyper-radiosensitivity, abnormal cell-cycle checkpoints, and genomic instability. AT patients also show cerebellar ataxia, possibly due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensitivity in neural cells. The ATM protein is a key regulator of the DNA damage response. Recently, several AT-like disorders have been reported. The genes responsible for them are predicted to encode proteins that interact with ATM in the DNA-damage response. Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia types 1-3 (AOA1, 2, and 3) result in a neurodegenerative and cellular phenotype similar to AT; however, the basis of this phenotypic similarity is unclear. Here, we show that the cells of AOA3 patients display aberrant ATM-dependent phosphorylation and apoptosis following γ-irradiation. The ATM-dependent response to H2O2 treatment was abrogated in AOA3 cells. Furthermore, AOA3 cells had reduced ATM activity. Our results suggest that the attenuated ATM-related response is caused by an increase in endogenous ROS in AOA3 cells. Pretreatment of cells with pyocyanin, which induces endogenous ROS production, abolished the ATM-dependent response. Moreover, AOA3 cells had decreased homologous recombination (HR) activity, and pyocyanin pretreatment reduced HR activity in HeLa cells. These results indicate that excess endogenous ROS represses the ATM-dependent cellular response and HR repair in AOA3 cells. Since the ATM-dependent cell-cycle checkpoint is an important block to carcinogenesis, such inactivation of ATM may lead to tumorigenesis as well as neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junya Kobayashi
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Yuichiro Saito
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Michiyo Okui
- Biomedical Engineering Center, Toin University of Yokohama, Yokohama 225-8503, Japan
| | - Noriko Miwa
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kenshi Komatsu
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Narukawa-Nara M, Sasaki K, Ishii A, Baba K, Amano K, Kuroki M, Saitoh KI, Kamakura T. Identification and characterization of a novel gene encoding the NBS1 protein in Pyricularia oryzae. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:1183-90. [PMID: 25774746 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1015951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The ascomycete Pyricularia oryzae (teleomorph: Magnaporthe oryzae) causes one of the most serious diseases known as rice blast. The Nijmegen breakage syndrome protein (NBS1) is essential for DNA repair; thus, we studied the P. oryzae NBS1 homolog (PoNBS1). A PoNBS1 null mutant exhibited high sensitivity to DNA damage-inducing agents. The mutant also exhibited the retarded hyphal growth, and induced abnormal conidial germination and shape, but showed normal appressorium formation. The phenotypes of the null mutant were complemented by introducing the cDNA of PoNBS1 driven by a TrpC promoter of Aspergillus nidulans. In addition, the null mutant similarly complemented with the PoNBS1 cDNA lacking the FHA domain that had a normal phenotype except for hyphal growth. These results suggest that PoNBS1 is involved in DNA repair and normal development in P. oryzae. Moreover, the FHA domain of PoNBS1 participates in normal hyphal growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Narukawa-Nara
- a Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology , Tokyo University of Science , Noda , Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Goričar K, Erčulj N, Faganel Kotnik B, Debeljak M, Hovnik T, Jazbec J, Dolžan V. The association of folate pathway and DNA repair polymorphisms with susceptibility to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Gene 2015; 562:203-9. [PMID: 25746326 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.02.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Genetic factors may play an important role in susceptibility to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The aim of our study was to evaluate the associations of genetic polymorphisms in folate pathway and DNA repair genes with susceptibility to ALL. In total, 121 children with ALL and 184 unrelated healthy controls of Slovenian origin were genotyped for 14 polymorphisms in seven genes of folate pathway, base excision repair and homologous recombination repair (TYMS, MTHFR, OGG1, XRCC1, NBN, RAD51, and XRCC3). In addition, the exon 6 of NBN was screened for the presence of mutations using denaturing high performance liquid chromatography. Twelve polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in controls and their genotype frequencies were in agreement with those reported in other Caucasian populations. Among the investigated polymorphisms and mutations, NBN Glu185Gln significantly decreased susceptibility to B-cell ALL (p=0.037), while TYMS 3R allele decreased susceptibility to T-cell ALL (p=0.011). Moreover, significantly decreased susceptibility to ALL was observed for MTHFR TA (p=0.030) and RAD51 GTT haplotypes (p=0.016). Susceptibility to ALL increased with the increasing number of risk alleles (ptrend=0.007). We also observed significant influence of hOGG-RAD51 and NBN-RAD51 interactions on susceptibility to ALL. Our results suggest that combination of several polymorphisms in DNA repair and folate pathways may significantly affect susceptibility to childhood ALL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Goričar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Nina Erčulj
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Barbara Faganel Kotnik
- University Medical Center, University Children's Hospital, Oncology and Haematology Unit, Bohoričeva 20, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Maruša Debeljak
- University Medical Center, University Children's Hospital, Center for Medical Genetics, Vrazov trg 1, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Tinka Hovnik
- University Medical Center, University Children's Hospital, Center for Medical Genetics, Vrazov trg 1, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Janez Jazbec
- University Medical Center, University Children's Hospital, Oncology and Haematology Unit, Bohoričeva 20, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Vita Dolžan
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Saito Y, Zhou H, Kobayashi J. Chromatin modification and NBS1: their relationship in DNA double-strand break repair. Genes Genet Syst 2015; 90:195-208. [DOI: 10.1266/ggs.15-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Saito
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University
| | - Junya Kobayashi
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sankaranarayanan K, Nikjoo H. Genome-based, mechanism-driven computational modeling of risks of ionizing radiation: The next frontier in genetic risk estimation? MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2014; 764:1-15. [PMID: 26041262 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Research activity in the field of estimation of genetic risks of ionizing radiation to human populations started in the late 1940s and now appears to be passing through a plateau phase. This paper provides a background to the concepts, findings and methods of risk estimation that guided the field through the period of its growth to the beginning of the 21st century. It draws attention to several key facts: (a) thus far, genetic risk estimates have been made indirectly using mutation data collected in mouse radiation studies; (b) important uncertainties and unsolved problems remain, one notable example being that we still do not know the sensitivity of human female germ cells to radiation-induced mutations; and (c) the concept that dominated the field thus far, namely, that radiation exposures to germ cells can result in single gene diseases in the descendants of those exposed has been replaced by the concept that radiation exposure can cause DNA deletions, often involving more than one gene. Genetic risk estimation now encompasses work devoted to studies on DNA deletions induced in human germ cells, their expected frequencies, and phenotypes and associated clinical consequences in the progeny. We argue that the time is ripe to embark on a human genome-based, mechanism-driven, computational modeling of genetic risks of ionizing radiation, and we present a provisional framework for catalyzing research in the field in the 21st century.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Sankaranarayanan
- Radiation Biophysics Group, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 260, P9-02, Stockholm SE 17176, Sweden
| | - H Nikjoo
- Radiation Biophysics Group, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 260, P9-02, Stockholm SE 17176, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cilli D, Mirasole C, Pennisi R, Pallotta V, D'Alessandro A, Antoccia A, Zolla L, Ascenzi P, di Masi A. Identification of the interactors of human nibrin (NBN) and of its 26 kDa and 70 kDa fragments arising from the NBN 657del5 founder mutation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114651. [PMID: 25485873 PMCID: PMC4259352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nibrin (also named NBN or NBS1) is a component of the MRE11/RAD50/NBN complex, which is involved in early steps of DNA double strand breaks sensing and repair. Mutations within the NBN gene are responsible for the Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS). The 90% of NBS patients are homozygous for the 657del5 mutation, which determines the synthesis of two truncated proteins of 26 kDa (p26) and 70 kDa (p70). Here, HEK293 cells have been exploited to transiently express either the full-length NBN protein or the p26 or p70 fragments, followed by affinity chromatography enrichment of the eluates. The application of an unsupervised proteomics approach, based upon SDS-PAGE separation and shotgun digestion of protein bands followed by MS/MS protein identification, indicates the occurrence of previously unreported protein interacting partners of the full-length NBN protein and the p26 fragment containing the FHA/BRCT1 domains, especially after cell irradiation. In particular, results obtained shed light on new possible roles of NBN and of the p26 fragment in ROS scavenging, in the DNA damage response, and in protein folding and degradation. In particular, here we show that p26 interacts with PARP1 after irradiation, and this interaction exerts an inhibitory effect on PARP1 activity as measured by NAD+ levels. Furthermore, the p26-PARP1 interaction seems to be responsible for the persistence of ROS, and in turn of DSBs, at 24 h from IR. Since some of the newly identified interactors of the p26 and p70 fragments have not been found to interact with the full-length NBN, these interactions may somehow contribute to the key biological phenomena underpinning NBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristiana Mirasole
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Rosa Pennisi
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pallotta
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Antonio Antoccia
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi – Consorzio Interuniversitario, Rome, Italy
| | - Lello Zolla
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi – Consorzio Interuniversitario, Rome, Italy
- Interdepartmental Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra di Masi
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi – Consorzio Interuniversitario, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Fang W, Qiu F, Zhang L, Deng J, Zhang H, Yang L, Zhou Y, Lu J. The functional polymorphism of NBS1 p.Glu185Gln is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in Chinese populations: case-control and a meta-analysis. Mutat Res 2014; 770:61-8. [PMID: 25771871 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
NBS1 plays pivotal roles in maintaining genomic stability and cancer development. The exon variant rs1805794G>C (p.Glu185Gln) of NBS1 has been frequently studied in several association studies. However, the results were conflicting. Also, the function of this variant has never been well studied. In the current study, we performed a two centers case-control study and function assays to investigate the effect of the variant rs1805794G>C on lung cancer risk in Chinese, and a meta-analysis to summarize the data on the association between rs1805794G>C and cancer risk. We found that compared with the rs1805794GG genotype, the C genotypes (CG/CC) conferred a significantly increased risk of lung cancer in Chinese (OR=1.40, 95% CI=1.21-1.62) and interacted with medical ionizing radiation exposure on increasing cancer risk (Pinteraction=0.015). The lymphocyte cells from the C genotype individuals developed more chromatid breaks than those from the GG genotype carriers after the X-ray radiation (P=0.036). Moreover, the rs1805794C allele encoding p.185Gln attenuated NBS1's ability to repair DNA damage as the cell lines transfected with NBS1 cDNA expression vector carrying rs1805794C allele had significantly higher DNA breaks than those transfected with NBS1 cDNA expression vector carrying rs1805794G allele (P<0.05). The meta-analysis further confirmed the association between the variant rs1805794G>C and lung cancer risk, that compared with the GG genotype, the carriers of C genotypes had a 1.30-fold risk of cancer (95% CI=1.14-1.49, P=8.49×10(-5)). These findings suggest that the rs1805794G>C of NBS1 may be a functional genetic biomarker for lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Fang
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Toxicity, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Fuman Qiu
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Toxicity, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Lisha Zhang
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Toxicity, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Jieqiong Deng
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Toxicity, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lei Yang
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Toxicity, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Toxicity, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiachun Lu
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Toxicity, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Takahashi A, Kubo M, Ma H, Nakagawa A, Yoshida Y, Isono M, Kanai T, Ohno T, Furusawa Y, Funayama T, Kobayashi Y, Nakano T. Nonhomologous end-joining repair plays a more important role than homologous recombination repair in defining radiosensitivity after exposure to high-LET radiation. Radiat Res 2014; 182:338-44. [PMID: 25117625 DOI: 10.1667/rr13782.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by ionizing radiation pose a major threat to cell survival. The cell can respond to the presence of DSBs through two major repair pathways: homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). Higher levels of cell death are induced by high-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation when compared to low-LET radiation, even at the same physical doses, due to less effective and efficient DNA repair. To clarify whether high-LET radiation inhibits all repair pathways or specifically one repair pathway, studies were designed to examine the effects of radiation with different LET values on DNA DSB repair and radiosensitivity. Embryonic fibroblasts bearing repair gene (NHEJ-related Lig4 and/or HR-related Rad54) knockouts (KO) were used and their responses were compared to wild-type cells. The cells were exposed to X rays, spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) carbon ion beams as well as with carbon, iron, neon and argon ions. Cell survival was measured with colony-forming assays. The sensitization enhancement ratio (SER) values were calculated using the 10% survival dose of wild-type cells and repair-deficient cells. Cellular radiosensitivity was listed in descending order: double-KO cells > Lig4-KO cells > Rad54-KO cells > wild-type cells. Although Rad54-KO cells had an almost constant SER value, Lig4-KO cells showed a high-SER value when compared to Rad54-KO cells, even with increasing LET values. These results suggest that with carbon-ion therapy, targeting NHEJ repair yields higher radiosensitivity than targeting homologous recombination repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihisa Takahashi
- a Advanced Scientific Research Leaders Development Unit, Gunma University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
NBS1 Glu185Gln polymorphism and susceptibility to urinary system cancer: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:10723-9. [PMID: 25073514 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have investigated the association between the NBS1 Glu185Gln (rs1805794, 8360 G>C) polymorphism and risk for urinary system cancer including bladder cancer, prostate cancer, and renal cell cancer; however, the findings are conflicting. We conducted a meta-analysis focusing on eight published studies with 3,542 cases and 4,210 controls to derive a more precise evaluation of the relationship between the NBS1 Glu185Gln polymorphism and urinary system cancer susceptibility. Overall, the NBS1 Glu185Gln polymorphism was significantly related to increased risk for urinary system cancer (homozygous model: odds ratio (OR)=1.23, 95 % confidence interval (95% CI)= 1.05–1.44, p=0.011; heterozygous model: OR=1.14, 95% CI=1.04–1.26, p=0.008; dominant model: OR=1.16, 95% CI=1.05–1.27, p=0.002; and Gln vs. Glu: OR=1.12, 9% CI=1.04–1.20, p=0.002) and further stratification analysis indicated an increased risk for bladder cancer (heterozygous model: OR=1.13, 95% CI=1.02–1.26, p=0.022; dominant model: OR=1.14, 95% CI=1.03–1.26, p=0.014; and Gln vs. Glu: OR=1.09, 95%CI=1.01–1.18, p=0.023) and Caucasian populations (homozygous model: OR=1.33, 95% CI=1.11–1.59, p=0.002; heterozygous model: OR=1.16, 95% CI=1.04–1.30, p=0.009; dominant model: OR=1.19, 95% CI=1.07–1.32, p=0.001; and Gln vs. Glu: OR=1.15, 95% CI=1.06–1.25, p<0.001). Despite some limitations, this meta-analysis established some solid statistical evidence for the association between NBS1 Glu185Gln polymorphism and increased risk for urinary system cancer, especially for bladder cancer, but more well-designed prospective studies are needed to further verify our findings.
Collapse
|
49
|
Gao R, Singh R, Kaul Z, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R. Targeting of DNA Damage Signaling Pathway Induced Senescence and Reduced Migration of Cancer cells. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 70:701-13. [PMID: 24747666 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The heat shock 70 family protein, mortalin, has pancytoplasmic distribution pattern in normal and perinuclear in cancer human cells. Cancer cells when induced to senesce by either chemicals or stress showed shift in mortalin staining pattern from perinuclear to pancytoplasmic type. Using such shift in mortalin staining as a reporter, we screened human shRNA library and identified nine senescence-inducing siRNA candidates. An independent Comparative Genomic Hybridization analysis of 35 breast cancer cell lines revealed that five (NBS1, BRCA1, TIN2, MRE11A, and KPNA2) of the nine genes located on chromosome regions identified as the gain of locus in more than 80% cell lines. By gene-specific PCR, these five genes were found to be frequently amplified in cancer cell lines. Bioinformatics revealed that the identified targets were connected to MRN (MRE11-RAD50-NBS1) complex, the DNA damage-sensing complex. We demonstrate that the identified shRNAs triggered DNA damage response and induced the expression of tumor suppressor protein p16(INK4A) causing growth arrest of cancer cells. Furthermore, cells showed decreased migration, mediated by decrease in matrix metalloproteases. Taken together, we demonstrate that the MRN complex is a potential target of cancer cell proliferation and migration, and staining pattern of mortalin could serve as an assay to identify senescence-inducing/anticancer reagents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Gao
- Cell Proliferation Research Group and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Rumani Singh
- Cell Proliferation Research Group and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Zeenia Kaul
- Cell Proliferation Research Group and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Wexner Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Sunil C Kaul
- Cell Proliferation Research Group and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Renu Wadhwa
- Cell Proliferation Research Group and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hornhardt S, Rößler U, Sauter W, Rosenberger A, Illig T, Bickeböller H, Wichmann HE, Gomolka M. Genetic factors in individual radiation sensitivity. DNA Repair (Amst) 2014; 16:54-65. [PMID: 24674628 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer risk and radiation sensitivity are often associated with alterations in DNA repair, cell cycle, or apoptotic pathways. Interindividual variability in mutagen or radiation sensitivity and in cancer susceptibility may also be traced back to polymorphisms of genes affecting e.g. DNA repair capacity. We studied possible associations between 70 polymorphisms of 12 DNA repair genes with basal and initial DNA damage and with repair thereof. We investigated DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation in lymphocytes isolated from 177 young lung cancer patients and 169 cancer-free controls. We also sought replication of our findings in an independent sample of 175 families (in total 798 individuals). DNA damage was assessed by the Olive tail moment (OTM) of the comet assay. DNA repair capacity (DRC) was determined for 10, 30 and, 60min of repair. Genes involved in the single-strand-repair pathway (SSR; like XRCC1 and MSH2) as well as genes involved in the double-strand-repair pathway (DSR; like RAD50, XRCC4, MRE11 and ATM) were found to be associated with DNA damage. The most significant association was observed for marker rs3213334 (p=0.005) of XRCC1 with basal DNA damage (B), in both cases and controls. A clear additive effect on the logarithm of OTM was identified for the marker rs1001581 of the same LD-block (p=0.039): BCC=-1.06 (95%-CI: -1.16 to -0.96), BCT=-1.02 (95%-CI: -1.11 to -0.93) and BTT=-0.85 (95%-CI: -1.01 to -0.68). In both cases and controls, we observed significantly higher DNA basal damage (p=0.007) for carriers of the genotype AA of marker rs2237060 of RAD50 (involved in DSR). However, this could not be replicated in the sample of families (p=0.781). An alteration to DRC after 30min of repair with respect to cases was observed as borderline significant for marker rs611646 of ATM (involved in DSR; p=0.055), but was the most significant finding in the sample of families (p=0.009). Our data indicate that gene variation impacts measurably on DNA damage and repair, suggesting at least a partial contribution to radiation sensitivity and lung cancer susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Hornhardt
- Department of Radiation Protection and Health, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstaedter Landstr.1, 85764 Oberschleissheim,Germany.
| | - Ute Rößler
- Department of Radiation Protection and Health, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstaedter Landstr.1, 85764 Oberschleissheim,Germany.
| | - Wiebke Sauter
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Albert Rosenberger
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Illig
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Heike Bickeböller
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Hans-Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany.
| | - Maria Gomolka
- Department of Radiation Protection and Health, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstaedter Landstr.1, 85764 Oberschleissheim,Germany.
| |
Collapse
|