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Samir H, Elfadadny A, Radwan F, El-Sherbiny HR, Swelum AA, Khalil WA, Watanabe G. Spatial local expressions of kisspeptin in the uterus and uterine tubes and its relationship to the reproductive potential in goats. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2024; 88:106850. [PMID: 38640803 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Kisspeptins are neuropeptides encoded by the Kiss1 gene that was discovered as a metastasis suppressor gene in melanoma and breast cancer. Kisspeptin has pivotal functions for gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion and plays integrated roles in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. However, little is known about the peripheral expression of kisspeptin in ruminants, especially in the female reproductive tract. Here, the objectives of the current study were to investigate the spatial localization of kisspeptin and mRNA expression of Kiss1 and its receptor (Kiss1r) in the fallopian tubes (FT) and uterus of goats at varied reproductive activity (cyclic versus true anoestrous goats, n=6, each). Specimens of the uterus and FT were collected and fixed using paraformaldehyde to investigate the localizations of kisspeptin in the selected tissues by immunohistochemistry. Another set of samples was snape-frozen to identify the expressions of mRNAs encoding Kiss1 and Kiss1r using real-time PCR. Results revealed immunolocalizations of kisspeptin in the uterus and the FT. The staining of kisspeptin was found mainly in the mucosal epithelium of the uterus the FT, and the endometrial glands. Very intense staining of kisspeptin was found in the uterine and FT specimens in the true anoestrous goats compared to that in cyclic ones. The expression of mRNA encoding Kiss1 gene was significantly higher in the uterine specimen of cyclic goats (1.00±0.09) compared to that in the true anoestrous goats (0.62±0.08) (P ˂0.05), while the expression of mRNA encoding Kiss1r was significantly (P ˂0.001) higher in the uterine tissues of true anoestrous goats (1.78±0.17) compared to that in cyclic ones (1.00±0.11). In conclusion, immunohistochemical localization of kisspeptin and the expression of mRNA encoding Kiss1/Kiss1r revealed spatial changes in the uterus and FT of goats according to the reproductive potential of goats (cyclic versus true anoestrous goats). However, the definitive local role of kisspeptin in the uterus and FT need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haney Samir
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt; Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Ahmed Elfadadny
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, El-Beheira 22511, Egypt
| | - Faten Radwan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Veterinarian graduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya 13736, Egypt
| | - Hossam R El-Sherbiny
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael A Khalil
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Gen Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Expression of E-Cadherin in Pig-Tailed Monkey ( Macaca nemestrina) Endometrium after Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8824614. [PMID: 33708995 PMCID: PMC7932768 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8824614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An increase of steroid hormones in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) procedures is reducing the success rate in assisted reproductive technology (ART), and this includes the pregnancy rate and/or implantation rate. Research has found that the decrease in the success rate occurred due to the decreased expression of the protein that is needed to prepare the endometrium so that the embryo could attach. The aim of the study was to analyse the changes in E-chaderin expression due to COH and its relations with increased level of steroid hormones as one of the proteins in the endometrium. There were 13 samples of stored biological tissue from Macaca nemestrina endometrial tissue; came from one group of natural cycles as the control group (n = 4) and three groups of stimulated cycles. The first stimulated cycle group was injected by a 30 IU dose of rFSH (n = 2). The second stimulated cycle group was injected by a 50 IU dose of rFSH (n = 4). The third stimulated cycle group was injected by a 70 IU dose of rFSH (n = 3). The expression of E-cadherin was measured by the immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique. Estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels were assessed using ELISA and have already been done. The IHC staining expression of E-cadherin was found in the cytoplasm of glandular epithelium. Immunostaining measurement used the H_SCORE. We found that the expression of E-cadherin within the group was not significantly different (p value: 0.178). Similarly, both the correlation between the estradiol level with E-cadherin and the correlation between the progesterone level with E-cadherin were not significantly different (p value: 0.872 and p value: 0.836). The conclusion is that the level of E-Cadherin expression in the endometrium that were taken in themiddle secretion phase not affected by the dose regimen that given. In addition, the level of expression is not influenced by the increase of serum E2 and P4 levels.
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Willmore A, Davis TL. Effect of chronic administration of a gonadotropin-releasing agonist on luteal function and pregnancy rates in dairy cattle. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:1432-1443. [PMID: 31502373 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Increased embryonic losses may be associated with inadequate progesterone (P4) concentrations in high-producing lactating dairy cattle. The objectives of the present studies were to determine if chronic administration of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist, Deslorelin, would increase circulating P4 concentrations and subsequently increase pregnancy rates in dairy cattle. Administration of Deslorelin for 12 days increased (p < .05) luteal volume and circulating P4 concentrations in primiparous lactating dairy cows, but increased only luteal volumes in multiparous cows. Treatment with Deslorelin increased Day 45 pregnancy rates in cows as compared to untreated controls. Chronic treatment with Deslorelin in dairy cattle; (a) increased luteal volume of the primary CL, (b) induced accessory CL, (c) increased circulating P4 concentration in primiparous cows only, (d) did not lengthen the estrous cycle upon removal of treatment, and (e) increased pregnancy rates. Although luteal volume was increased in multiparous cows and circulating P4 concentrations were not with Deslorelin treatment, there was an apparent effect on pregnancy rates. This hormonal strategy may represent a suitable model to address local effects of P4 and GnRH/luteinizing hormone on uterine environment and subsequent embryonic survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Willmore
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Tracy L Davis
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA.,Center for Reproductive Biology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
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Atwood CS, Vadakkadath Meethal S. The spatiotemporal hormonal orchestration of human folliculogenesis, early embryogenesis and blastocyst implantation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 430:33-48. [PMID: 27045358 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The early reproductive events starting with folliculogenesis and ending with blastocyst implantation into the uterine endometrium are regulated by a complex interplay among endocrine, paracrine and autocrine factors. This review examines the spatiotemporal integration of these maternal and embryonic signals that are required for successful reproduction. In coordination with hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) hormones, an intraovarian HPG-like axis regulates folliculogenesis, follicular quiescence, ovulation, follicular atresia, and corpus luteal functions. Upon conception and passage of the zygote through the fallopian tube, the contribution of maternal hormones in the form of paracrine secretions from the endosalpinx to embryonic development declines, with autocrine and paracrine signaling becoming increasingly important as instructional signals for the differentiation of the early zygote/morula into a blastocyst. These maternal and embryonic signals include activin and gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1 (GnRH1) that are crucial for the synthesis and secretion of the 'pregnancy' hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). hCG in turn signals pre-implantation embryonic cell division and sex steroid production required for stem cell differentiation, and subsequent blastulation, gastrulation, cavitation and blastocyst formation. Upon reaching the uterus, blastocyst hatching occurs under the influence of decreased activin signaling, while the attachment and invasion of the trophoblast into the endometrium appears to be driven by a decrease in activin signaling, and by increased GnRH1 and hCG signaling that allows for tissue remodeling and the controlled invasion of the blastocyst into the uterine endometrium. This review demonstrates the importance of integrative endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine signaling for successful human reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Atwood
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA; School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027 WA, Australia.
| | - Sivan Vadakkadath Meethal
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, WI 53792, USA
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Peng B, Klausen C, Campbell L, Leung PCK, Horne AW, Bedaiwy MA. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor are expressed at tubal ectopic pregnancy implantation sites. Fertil Steril 2016; 105:1620-1627.e3. [PMID: 26920257 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and GnRH receptor (GnRHR) are expressed at tubal ectopic pregnancy sites, and to study the potential role of GnRH signaling in regulating immortalized human trophoblast cell viability. DESIGN Immunohistochemical and experimental studies. SETTING Academic research laboratory. PATIENT(S) Fallopian tube implantation sites (n = 25) were collected from women with ectopic pregnancy. First-trimester human placenta biopsies (n = 5) were obtained from elective terminations of pregnancy. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) GnRH and GnRHR expression was examined by means of immunohistochemistry and histoscoring. Trophoblastic BeWo choriocarcinoma and immortalized extravillous trophoblast (HTR-8/SVneo) cell viability was examined by means of cell counting after incubation with GnRH and/or GnRH antagonist (Antide). RESULT(S) GnRH and GnRHR immunoreactivity was detected in cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast, and extravillous trophoblast in all women with tubal pregnancy. GnRH immunoreactivity was higher and GnRHR immunoreactivity lower in syncytiotrophoblast compared with cytotrophoblast. GnRH and GnRHR immunoreactivity was detected in adjacent fallopian tube epithelium. Whereas neither GnRH nor Antide altered HTR-8/SVneo cell viability, treatment with GnRH significantly increased the overall cell viability of BeWo cells at 48 and 72 hours, and these effects were abolished by pretreatment with Antide. CONCLUSION(S) GnRH and GnRHR are expressed in trophoblast cell populations and fallopian tube epithelium at tubal ectopic pregnancy sites. GnRH increases BeWo cell viability, an effect mediated by the GnRHR. Further work is required to investigate the potential role of GnRH signaling in ectopic pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christian Klausen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lisa Campbell
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew W Horne
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed A Bedaiwy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Carou MC, Cruzans PR, Maruri A, Stockert JC, Lombardo DM. Apoptosis in ovarian granulosa cells of cattle: morphological features and clearance by homologous phagocytosis. Acta Histochem 2015; 117:92-103. [PMID: 25511683 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is involved in many physiological processes of the ovary, such as recruitment of prenatal germ cells, follicular atresia, ovulation, and luteolysis. Based on the need for the involvement of phagocytic cells to achieve apoptosis clearance and that follicular atresia is triggered by weak apoptotic stimuli, we postulate that granulosa cells engullng apoptotic corpses (ACs) must carry out this macrophagic process. Since apoptosis was early defined in terms of morphological aspects, here we describe apoptosis induced by a GnRH analog (leuprolide acetate, LA) at histological level on bovine granulosa cells (primary culture, CPGB, and an established cell line, BGC-1). We observed two main types of apoptosis. In type A, the whole cell or most of it is compacted into a single large AC that is then engulfed by neighboring cells or simply detached. In type B, small portions of cells, either with or without nuclear material, become ACs that are also phagocytosed. Apoptosis and homologous phagocytosis were confirmed by TUNEL and immunocytochemistry for Bax and active caspase 3. Induction of apoptosis was significant in BGC-1 cells treated for 24 h with 100 nM LA. CPGB cells showed two types of response with different doses of LA. Fetal calf serum was necessary to find apoptosis induced by LA.
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Bas S, Maquivar MG, Coutinho da Silva MA, Day ML, Daglio MC, Harguindeguy S, Titler M, Schuenemann GM. Effect of intrauterine administration of gonadotropin releasing hormone with glycerol on serum LH concentrations in lactating dairy cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 145:15-22. [PMID: 24461792 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of the study were to assess: (1) preovulatory serum LH concentrations and (2) synchrony of ovulation after im or iu administration of GnRH with or without the addition of glycerol. Cows were presynchronized with 2 injections of PGF2α given 14d apart (starting at 26±3DIM) followed by Ovsynch (OV; GnRH-7d-PGF2α-48h-GnRH) 12d later. At the time of the second GnRH of OV (GnRH2), cows were blocked by parity and randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatments: (1) control (CON; n=8) received 2mL of sterile water im; (2) im (IM; n=8) received 100μg of GnRH im; (3) cows were infused with 200μg GnRH into the uterus (IU; n=9); and (4) iu administration of 200μg GnRH plus glycerol 7% v/v (IUG; n=8). Serum circulating progesterone concentrations at hour 0 did not differ (P>0.05) among groups. Concentrations of LH were greater (P<0.05) in IM than IU, IUG, and CON cows at hours 1, 1.5, 2, and 3. All cows ovulated within 48h in the IM (8/8) group followed by IU (6/9) and IUG (4/8) groups, and only two out of eight cows ovulated in the CON group. Although iu administration of GnRH in the IU and IUG groups resulted in lower serum concentrations of LH than IM cows, IU or IUG cows were able to ovulate within 48h after GnRH2 administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bas
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M G Maquivar
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M A Coutinho da Silva
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M L Day
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M C Daglio
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - S Harguindeguy
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M Titler
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - G M Schuenemann
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Gunaretnam I, Pretheeban T, Rajamahendran R. Effects of ammonia and urea in vitro on mRNA of candidate bovine endometrial genes. Anim Reprod Sci 2013; 141:42-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Effect of intrauterine administration of gonadotropin releasing hormone on serum LH concentrations in lactating dairy cows. Theriogenology 2012; 78:1390-7. [PMID: 22898021 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objectives were to compare: (1) preovulatory serum LH concentrations, and (2) synchronization of ovulation, after im or iu administration of the second GnRH treatment of Ovsynch in lactating dairy cows. Lactating cows (N = 23) were presynchronized with two injections of PGF(2α) given 14 days apart (starting at 34 ± 3 days in milk), followed by Ovsynch (GnRH-7 d-PGF(2α)-56 h-GnRH) 12 days later. At the time of the second GnRH of Ovsynch (Hour 0), cows were blocked by parity and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: (1) control group (CON; N = 7) were given 2 mL sterile water im; (2) intramuscular group (IM; N = 8) received 100 μg of GnRH im; and (3) intrauterine group (IU; N = 8) had 100 μg GnRH infused in the uterus (2 mL). Blood samples for serum LH concentrations were collected at Hours 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 4. Furthermore, ultrasonography was performed twice daily (12-h intervals) from Hours 0 to 60 to confirm ovulation. The LH concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in the IM than IU and CON groups at Hours 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 4. Although LH concentrations were numerically higher in the IU group, LH concentrations within the IU and CON groups did not change over time. More cows ovulated in the IM (8/8) and IU (7/8) groups within 60 h after the second GnRH administration compared with the CON (2/7) group. In summary, serum LH concentrations were lower in the IU versus IM group, but the proportion of cows that ovulated within 60 h was similar between these two groups. Therefore, iu administration of GnRH may be an alternative route of delivery to synchronize ovulation in beef and dairy cattle.
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Singh R, Pretheeban T, Rajamahendran R. GnRH agonist (buserelin)-induced in vitro apoptosis in bovine endometrium. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas10088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Singh, R., Pretheeban, T. and Rajamahendran, R. 2011. GnRH agonist (buserelin)-induced in vitro apoptosis in bovine endometrium. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 265–273. Apoptosis is a vital physiological process. The local modulatory role of the GnRH, GnRH-R system in uterine physiology is not clear. We investigated GnRH agonist (buserelin)-induced apoptosis in bovine endometrium. Reproductive tracts were collected from a local abattoir. The endometrial explants were sliced into smaller pieces, cultured for 20 h and then treated (6 h) with buserelin (0, 200, 500, 1000 ng mL−1), the GnRH antagonist-antide (500 ng mL−1) and antide+buserelin (500+200 ng mL−1), and stored at −80°C for RNA extraction. Two micrograms of total RNA was subjected to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using gene-specific primers. Subsequently, endometrial epithelial cells were isolated from the follicular and luteal phase uteri, cultured for 48 h, characterized and treated with buserelin (200 ng mL−1), antide (500 ng mL−1), and antide+buserelin (500+200 ng mL−1) for 6 h. The cells were stained with acridine orange-ethidium bromide and visualized and counted under a fluorescent microscope. Buserelin up-regulated BAX (200 ng mL−1) and CASPASE3 mRNA (200 and 500 ng mL−1) and induced apoptosis (200 ng mL−1) at the cellular level in the follicular phase endometrium. GnRH appears to regulate uterine homeostasis in bovine endometrium at the transcriptional and cellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Singh
- Department of Animal Science, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Rajadurai Rajamahendran
- Department of Animal Science, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Pretheeban T, Gordon MB, Singh R, Rajamahendran R. Comparison of expression levels of candidate genes in endometrium of dairy heifers and lactating dairy cows. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas2010-012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pretheeban, T., Gordon, M. B., Singh, R. and Rajamahendran, R. 2011. Comparison of expression levels of candidate genes in endometrium of dairy heifers and lactating dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 255–264. Pregnancy rates (PR) in high-producing lactating dairy cows have declined drastically over the past several decades, but those of heifers have remained constant. Reduced PR could be due to multiple causes, and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are still unclear. A compromised maternal uterine environment could be one of factors that could affect the PR. This study was performed to compare the nature of the uterine environment in dairy heifers and lactating dairy cows (2nd/3rd parity) by analyzing the expression levels of selected endometrial genes. Estrus was synchronized in heifers (n=5) and lactating dairy cows (n=5) and endometrial biopsies were performed during the mid luteal phase (day 11) of the estrous cycle. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT PCR) and immunohistochemistry were performed to analyse the mRNA and protein levels of genes respectively. Relative abundance of BCL2, HSPA1A, IL1A, TNF, IGF1, FGF2 and SERPINA14 transcripts and the protein expression of IL1A, TNF and FGF2 were significantly higher in heifers in comparison with lactating dairy cows. Our findings suggest an altered endometrial environment in lactating dairy cows compared with heifers. However, whether these differences play a role in pregnancy outcomes should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Pretheeban
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T1Z4
| | - M. B. Gordon
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T1Z4
| | - R. Singh
- Translational Research Labs, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N4N2
| | - R. Rajamahendran
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T1Z4
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Shahed A, Young KA. Intraovarian expression of GnRH-1 and gonadotropin mRNA and protein levels in Siberian hamsters during the estrus cycle and photoperiod induced regression/recrudescence. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2011; 170:356-64. [PMID: 20955709 PMCID: PMC3014446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 10/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is the key reproductive regulator in vertebrates. While gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle stimulating (FSH), and luteinizing (LH) hormones are primarily produced in the hypothalamus and pituitary, they can be synthesized in the gonads, suggesting an intraovarian GnRH-gonadotropin axis. Because these hormones are critical for follicle maturation and steroidogenesis, we hypothesized that this intraovarian axis may be important in photoperiod-induced ovarian regression/recrudescence in seasonal breeders. Thus, we investigated GnRH-1 and gonadotropin mRNA and protein expression in Siberian hamster ovaries during (1) the estrous cycle; where ovaries from cycling long day hamsters (LD;16L:8D) were collected at proestrus, estrus, diestrus I, and diestrus II and (2) during photoperiod induced regression/recrudescence; where ovaries were collected from hamsters exposed to 14 weeks of LD, short days (SD;8L:16D), or 8 weeks post-transfer to LD after 14 weeks SD (PT). GnRH-1, LHβ, FSHβ, and common α subunit mRNA expression was observed in cycling ovaries. GnRH-1 expression peaked at diestrus I compared to other stages (p < 0.05). FSHβ and LHβ mRNA levels peaked at proestrus and diestrus I (p < 0.05), with no change in the α subunit across the cycle (p > 0.05). SD exposure decreased ovarian mass and plasma estradiol concentrations (p<0.05) and increased GnRH-1, LHβ, FSHβ, and α subunit mRNA expression as compared to LD and, except for LH, compared to PT (p < 0.05). GnRH and gonadotropin protein was also dynamically expressed across the estrous cycle and photoperiod exposure. The presence of cycling intraovarian GnRH-1 and gonadotropin mRNA suggests that these hormones may be locally involved in ovarian maintenance during SD regression and/or could potentially serve to prime ovaries for rapid recrudescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Shahed
- Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
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BRÜSSOW KP, SCHNEIDER F, WOLLENHAUPT K, TUCHSCHERER A. Endocrine Effects of GnRH Agonist Application to Early Pregnant Gilts. J Reprod Dev 2011; 57:242-8. [DOI: 10.1262/jrd.10-021o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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The kiss-1-kisspeptin-gpr54 complex: a critical modulator of GnRH neurons during pubertal activation. J Appl Biomed 2010. [DOI: 10.2478/v10136-009-0001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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