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Panumasvivat J, Kitro A, Samakarn Y, Pairojtanachai K, Sirikul W, Promkutkao T, Sapbamrer R. Unveiling the road to safety: Understanding the factors influencing motorcycle accidents among riders in rural Chiang Mai, Thailand. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25698. [PMID: 38352757 PMCID: PMC10862007 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Motorcycle accidents pose a significant threat to traffic safety in Thailand, particularly in rural areas where the severity of these accidents often results in prolonged medical treatment and a reduction in the quality of life of the affected individual. Objectives To investigate the prevalence and the factors associated with motorcycle accidents among motorcycle riders in rural areas in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to March 2023 via an anonymous survey in Chiang Mai, Thailand. A total of 308 participants engaged with the survey. The data about background information, motorcycle details, personal protective equipment, risky behaviors, attitude toward riding, and history of motorcycle accidents in the prior six months were collected and analyzed by binary logistic regression. Results Of 308 participants, the mean age was 56 years old (SD = 14.2), females were 56.8 % (N = 175), 51 % had co-morbidity, and 40.6 % were active alcohol drinkers. The prevalence of individuals who experienced a motorcycle accident within the previous six months was 57.1 %. Notably, the most unsafe riding behavior was not wearing a helmet while riding, which had a prevalence of more than 80 % in both the accident and non-accident groups. The study found significant associated factors for motorcycle accidents in rural communities, including the history of alcohol consumption (aOR 1.71, 95 % CI: 1.05,2.79), changing lanes without using turn signals (aOR 1.93, 95 % CI: 1.07,3.48) and those who strongly disagree with the notion that listening to music while riding is dangerous (aOR 2.80, 95 % CI: 1.06, 7.43). Conclusion Over half of motorcycle riders have been in accidents. These findings emphasize the need to enforce drunk-driving and traffic laws. Comprehensive motorcycle rider education and safety training are needed to encourage responsible riding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjuta Panumasvivat
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Excellence Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Amornphat Kitro
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Excellence Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Yanisa Samakarn
- Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, 50200, Thailand
| | - Kavee Pairojtanachai
- Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wachiranun Sirikul
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Excellence Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Data Analytics and Knowledge Synthesis for Health Care, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Tharntip Promkutkao
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Ratana Sapbamrer
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Excellence Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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Staples JA, Erdelyi S, Merchant K, Yip C, Khan M, Redelmeier DA, Chan H, Brubacher JR. Syncope While Driving and the Risk of a Subsequent Motor Vehicle Crash. Ann Emerg Med 2024; 83:147-157. [PMID: 37943207 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2023.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Syncope that occurs while driving can result in a motor vehicle crash. Whether individuals with a prior syncope-related crash exhibit an exceptional risk of subsequent crash remains uncertain. METHODS We performed a population-based retrospective observational study of patients diagnosed with 'syncope and collapse' at any of 6 emergency departments in British Columbia, Canada (2010 to 2015). Data were obtained from chart abstraction, administrative health records, insurance claims and police crash reports. We compared crash-free survival among individuals with crash-associated syncope (a crash and an emergency visit for syncope on the same date) to that among controls with syncope alone (no crash on date of emergency visit for syncope). RESULTS In the year following their index emergency visit, 13 of 63 drivers with crash-associated syncope and 852 of 9,160 controls with syncope alone experienced a subsequent crash as a driver (crash risk 21% versus 9%). After accounting for censoring and potential confounders, crash-associated syncope was not associated with a significant increase in the risk of subsequent crash (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78 to 2.47). Individuals with crash-associated syncope were 31-fold more likely to have physician driving advice documented during their index visit (prevalence ratio 31.0, 95% CI, 21.3 to 45.1). In the subgroup without documented driving advice, crash-associated syncope was associated with a significant increase in subsequent crash risk (aHR 1.88, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.36). CONCLUSIONS Crash risk after crash-associated syncope appears similar to crash risk after syncope alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Staples
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology & Evaluation (C2E2), Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Shannon Erdelyi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ketki Merchant
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Candace Yip
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mayesha Khan
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Donald A Redelmeier
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Herbert Chan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jeffrey R Brubacher
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology & Evaluation (C2E2), Vancouver, Canada; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Daldegan-Bueno D, Lindner SR, Kovaleski D, Fischer B. Cannabis use, risk behaviours and harms in Brazil: A comprehensive review of available data indicators. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023; 42:318-336. [PMID: 36443987 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
ISSUES Cannabis use and related health/social outcome indicator data for Brazil-where non-medical cannabis is generally illegal-are limited. APPROACH Towards a comprehensive overview of relevant indicators, we searched primary databases by combining MeSH-index terms related to cannabis, geographic location and subtopic terms (e.g., use, health, mortality) focusing on cannabis use and key outcome indicators in Brazil since 2010. In addition, relevant 'grey literature' (e.g., survey reports) was identified. Key indicator data were mainly narratively summarised. KEY FINDINGS Overall, cannabis use has increased somewhat since pre-2010, with (past-year) use rates measured at 2-3% for general population adults, yet 5% or higher among youth and/or (e.g., post-secondary) student populations. For key risk behaviours, the presence of tetrahydrocannabinol-positivity among motor-vehicle drivers has been measured at <2%. While the prevalence of cannabis use disorder appears to have decreased, the relative proportion of treatment provided for cannabis-related problems increased. National- and local-based studies indicated an association of cannabis use with mental health harms, including depression and suicidality. Although some non-representative and/or local studies contain information, other monitoring data, including cannabis-related risks and harms (e.g., cannabis-related driving, mortality, hospitalisations), are limited in availability. IMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSION The prevalence of cannabis use in Brazil is comparably low (e.g., relative to elsewhere in the Americas). Data on numerous key cannabis-related indicators is absent, or limited in scope for Brazil. Considering ongoing evolutions in cannabis control and its status as the most common illicit drug, more comprehensive surveillance of cannabis use and related outcomes is advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Daldegan-Bueno
- Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health and Addiction, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sheila R Lindner
- Department of Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Douglas Kovaleski
- Department of Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Benedikt Fischer
- Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health and Addiction, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Liu YH, Wiratama BS, Chao CJ, Wang MH, Chen RS, Saleh W, Pai CW. Unhelmeted Riding, Drunk Riding, and Unlicensed Riding among Motorcyclists: A Population Study in Taiwan during 2011-2016. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1412. [PMID: 36674166 PMCID: PMC9864229 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between drunk riding, unhelmeted riding, unlicensed riding, and running-off-road (ROR) crashes. Multiple logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) by using the National Taiwan Traffic Crash Dataset for 2011-2016. The results revealed that unhelmeted riding was associated with 138% (AOR = 2.38; CI (confidence interval) = 2.34-2.42) and 47% (AOR = 1.47; CI = 1.45-1.49) higher risks of drunk riding and unlicensed riding, respectively. The risk of unhelmeted riding increased with blood alcohol concentrations (BACs), and riders with the minimum BAC (0.031-0.05%) had nearly five times (AOR = 4.99; CI = 4.74-5.26) higher odds of unlicensed riding compared with those of riders with a negative BAC. Unhelmeted riding, drunk riding, and unlicensed riding were associated with 1.21 times (AOR = 1.21; CI = 1.13-1.30), 2.38 times (AOR = 2.38; CI = 2.20-2.57), and 1.13 times (AOR = 1.13; CI = 1.06-1.21) higher odds of ROR crashes, respectively. The three risky riding behaviours (i.e., unhelmeted riding, drunk riding, and unlicensed riding) were significantly related to ROR crashes. The risk of unhelmeted riding and ROR crashes increased with BACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hsiu Liu
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Bayu Satria Wiratama
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta City 55281, Indonesia
| | - Chung-Jen Chao
- Department of Traffic Science, Central Police University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Heng Wang
- Department of Traffic Management, Taiwan Police College, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Rui-Sheng Chen
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- 2nd District Headquarters, Yongji Station, Fire Department of Taipei City, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Wafaa Saleh
- Transport Research Institute, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH11 4DY, UK
| | - Chih-Wei Pai
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Staples JA, Erdelyi S, Merchant K, Yip C, Khan M, Redelmeier DA, Chan H, Brubacher JR. Syncope and subsequent traffic crash: A responsibility analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279710. [PMID: 36656813 PMCID: PMC9851499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physicians are often asked to counsel patients about driving safety after syncope, yet little empirical data guides such advice. METHODS We identified a population-based retrospective cohort of 9,507 individuals with a driver license who were discharged from any of six urban emergency departments (EDs) with a diagnosis of 'syncope and collapse'. We examined all police-reported crashes that involved a cohort member as a driver and occurred between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2016. We categorized crash-involved drivers as 'responsible' or 'non-responsible' for their crash using detailed police-reported crash data and a validated responsibility scoring tool. We then used logistic regression to test the hypothesis that recent syncope was associated with driver responsibility for crash. RESULTS Over the 7-year study interval, cohort members were involved in 475 police-reported crashes: 210 drivers were deemed responsible and 133 drivers were deemed non-responsible for their crash; the 132 drivers deemed to have indeterminate responsibility were excluded from further analysis. An ED visit for syncope occurred in the three months leading up to crash in 11 crash-responsible drivers and in 5 crash-non-responsible drivers, suggesting that recent syncope was not associated with driver responsibility for crash (adjusted odds ratio, 1.31; 95%CI, 0.40-4.74; p = 0.67). However, all drivers with cardiac syncope were deemed responsible, precluding calculation of an odds ratio for this important subgroup. CONCLUSIONS Recent syncope was not significantly associated with driver responsibility for traffic crash. Clinicians and policymakers should consider these results when making fitness-to-drive recommendations after syncope.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Staples
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology & Evaluation, Vancouver, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Shannon Erdelyi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ketki Merchant
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Candace Yip
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mayesha Khan
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Donald A. Redelmeier
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Herbert Chan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jeffrey R. Brubacher
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology & Evaluation, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Bombana HS, Bogstrand ST, Gjerde H, Jamt REG, Carvalho HBD, Andreuccetti G, Bernini CDO, Muñoz DR, Leyton V, Greve JMD. Use of alcohol and illicit drugs by trauma patients in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Injury 2022; 53:30-36. [PMID: 34749908 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2021.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol and illicit drugs impair cognitive and psychomotor skills and may thereby increase the risk of involvement in a road traffic crash and other types of injuries. However, the knowledge on the use of psychoactive substances among injured patients presenting to emergency departments in low and middle-income countries remains limited. AIMS To estimate the prevalence of alcohol and illicit drug use among patients with traumatic injuries admitted to an emergency department in Sao Paulo, Brazil. METHODS Blood samples from injured patients requiring hospitalization for more than 24 h due to road traffic crashes, falls, or violence, were collected from July 2018 to June 2019. The samples were analyzed for alcohol and illicit drugs. RESULTS A total of 376 patients were included in this study; the median age was 36 years and 80% of patients were male. The majority (56%) of injuries resulted from road traffic crashes, with approximately half of them being motorcyclists. Alcohol, drugs, or both were detected in 32% of samples. The proportion that tested positive was highest for males (35%), for the age group 18-39 years (41%), for singles (43%), and for patients injured at nighttime (44%). Patients injured due to violence had the highest prevalence of alcohol or drugs in their blood samples (44%). Alcohol was most prevalent (23%), followed by cocaine (12%) and cannabis (5%). CONCLUSION The use of alcohol and illicit drugs was common among injured patients in Sao Paulo; it was likely a contributing factor in a third of the injurious accidents. Alcohol was the most prevalent substance followed by cocaine and cannabis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Silva Bombana
- Department of Legal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo SP 01246-903, Brazil.
| | - Stig Tore Bogstrand
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, NO-0424, Norway
| | - Hallvard Gjerde
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, NO-0424, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Elén Gjulem Jamt
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, NO-0424, Norway
| | - Heráclito Barbosa de Carvalho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Andreuccetti
- Department of Legal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Celso de Oliveira Bernini
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Hospital of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 255 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo SP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Daniel Romero Muñoz
- Department of Legal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Vilma Leyton
- Department of Legal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Julia Maria D'Andréa Greve
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Clinical Hospital of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School, R. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 333 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo SP 05403-010, Brazil
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Hajijafari M, Akbari H, Asgarian FS. A meta-analysis study of worldwide prevalence of mortality in cocaine-consuming motorcyclists. J Addict Dis 2021; 40:96-102. [PMID: 34254901 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2021.1936382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
For this meta-analysis, the aim is to estimate the prevalence and to determine the factors associated with changes in this prevalence in the world. A systematic review of PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and Science Direct, SID, and Google Scholar from 2011 to April 2020 was performed. Point prevalence was analyzed with a 95% confidence interval. The variances of each study were calculated using a two-sentence distribution formula, and the heterogeneity between the studies was assessed by the Q-Cochran test with a significance level of less than 0.1. Also, the index of changes attributed to I2 was examined. Due to the heterogeneity between the studies, the random-effects model was used to combine the results of the studies. All statistical analyses were performed by the STATA software version 11 using Meta-Analysis commands. The significance level of the tests was considered to be P < 0.05. The prevalence of mortality in motorcyclists in six studies was reported to be 12% (0.05-0.18 = 95% CI). We stratified this study by participant geographical region and age group. In this study, the highest prevalence of mortality was in the under-30 age group. Furthermore, planning educational campaigns and advertisements by state authorities that are pointing out the harmful effects of motorcyclists' cocaine and/or other substances consumption is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Akbari
- Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Asgarian
- Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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De Rezende MR, Veronesi BA, Paulos RG, Cho AB, Ribak S, Junior RM. Free gracilis muscle transfer with ulnar nerve neurotization for elbow flexion restoration. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2020; 45:689-696. [PMID: 33210168 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-020-04873-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In upper and chronic brachial plexus injuries for which neurological surgery is not a good treatment option, one possibility for gaining elbow flexion is free functional muscle transfer. The primary aim of our study was to evaluate the elbow flexion gain achieved by free gracilis muscle transfer with partial ulnar nerve neurotization. METHODS This surgery was performed in 21 patients with upper and chronic (> 12 months) brachial plexus injuries. The level of injury, patient age, the time between trauma and surgery, the affected side, and the aetiology of the lesion were recorded. The primary outcome evaluated was elbow flexion muscle strength, which was measured using the British Medical Research Council (BMRC) scale, in patients with a minimum follow-up period of 12 months. The criterion used to classify elbow flexion as good was a grade of M4 or higher. RESULTS An M4 elbow flexion strength gain was observed in 61.9% of the patients. A gain of M2 or higher was observed in 95.2% of the patients. The mean range of active motion was 77° (range 10 minimum-110 maximum). CONCLUSION In patients with upper and chronic brachial plexus injuries, free gracilis muscle transfer with ulnar nerve neurotization yields a satisfactory gain in elbow flexion strength and is therefore a good treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo R De Rezende
- Department of Hand Surgery and Microsurgery, Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology of the Clinics Hospital, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (IOT-HCFMUSP), Ovídio Pires de Campos, 333, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 05403-010, Brazil.
| | - Bruno A Veronesi
- Department of Hand Surgery and Microsurgery, Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology of the Clinics Hospital, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (IOT-HCFMUSP), Ovídio Pires de Campos, 333, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Renata G Paulos
- Department of Hand Surgery and Microsurgery, Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology of the Clinics Hospital, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (IOT-HCFMUSP), Ovídio Pires de Campos, 333, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Alvaro B Cho
- Department of Hand Surgery and Microsurgery, Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology of the Clinics Hospital, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (IOT-HCFMUSP), Ovídio Pires de Campos, 333, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Samuel Ribak
- Department of Hand Surgery and Microsurgery, Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology of the Clinics Hospital, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (IOT-HCFMUSP), Ovídio Pires de Campos, 333, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Rames M Junior
- Department of Hand Surgery and Microsurgery, Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology of the Clinics Hospital, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (IOT-HCFMUSP), Ovídio Pires de Campos, 333, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 05403-010, Brazil
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Características de acidentes e padrões de lesões em motociclistas hospitalizados: estudo retrospectivo de emergência. ACTA PAUL ENFERM 2020. [DOI: 10.37689/acta-ape/2020ao0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Drummer OH, Gerostamoulos D, Di Rago M, Woodford NW, Morris C, Frederiksen T, Jachno K, Wolfe R. Odds of culpability associated with use of impairing drugs in injured drivers in Victoria, Australia. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2020; 135:105389. [PMID: 31812899 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.105389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Culpability analysis was conducted on 5000 drivers injured as a result of a vehicular collision and in whom comprehensive toxicology testing in blood was conducted. The sample included 1000 drivers for each of 5 years from approximately 5000-6000 drivers injured and taken to hospital in the State of Victoria. Logistic regression was used to investigate differences in the odds of culpability associated with alcohol and drug use and other selected crash attributes using the drug-free driver as the reference group. Adjusted odds ratios were obtained from multivariable logistic regression models in which other potentially explanatory driver and crash attributes were included. Drivers with alcohol present showed large increases in the odds of culpability similar to that seen in other studies investigating associations between blood alcohol concentration and crash risk. Methylamphetamine also showed a large increase in the odds of culpability (OR 19) compared to the reference group at both below and above 0.1 mg/L, whereas those drivers with Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) present showed only modest increase in odds when all concentrations were assessed (OR 1.9, 95 %CI 1.2-3.1). Benzodiazepines in drivers also gave an increase in odds (3.2, 95 %CI 1.6-6.1), but not other medicinal drugs such as antidepressants, antipsychotics and opioids. Drivers that had combinations of impairing drugs generally gave a large increase in odds, particularly combinations of alcohol with THC or benzodiazepines, and those drivers using both THC and methamphetamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf H Drummer
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine and the Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, 65 Kavanagh Street, Southbank 3006, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Dimitri Gerostamoulos
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine and the Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, 65 Kavanagh Street, Southbank 3006, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Di Rago
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine and the Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, 65 Kavanagh Street, Southbank 3006, Victoria, Australia
| | - Noel W Woodford
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine and the Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, 65 Kavanagh Street, Southbank 3006, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carla Morris
- Road Policing Drug and Alcohol Section, Victoria Police, 20 Dawson St., Brunswick 3056, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tania Frederiksen
- Road Policing Drug and Alcohol Section, Victoria Police, 20 Dawson St., Brunswick 3056, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim Jachno
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rory Wolfe
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne 3004, Victoria, Australia
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DiRago M, Gerostamoulos D, Morris C, Fredericksen T, Woodford NW, Drummer OH. Prevalence of drugs in injured drivers in Victoria, Australia. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2019.1687753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew DiRago
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Australia
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Southbank, Australia
| | - Dimitri Gerostamoulos
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Australia
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Southbank, Australia
| | - Carla Morris
- Victoria Police, Road Policing Drug and Alcohol Section, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tania Fredericksen
- Victoria Police, Road Policing Drug and Alcohol Section, Victoria, Australia
| | - Noel W. Woodford
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Australia
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Southbank, Australia
| | - Olaf H. Drummer
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Australia
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Southbank, Australia
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12
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Asgarian FS, Namdari M, Soori H. Prevalence of mortality in cannabis consumer motorcyclists: meta-analysis of international studies. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2019; 27:136-143. [DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2019.1669667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadat Asgarian
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Namdari
- Department of Community Oral Health, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Soori
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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