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White TA, Miller SL, Sutherland AE, Allison BJ, Camm EJ. Perinatal compromise affects development, form, and function of the hippocampus part one; clinical studies. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03105-7. [PMID: 38519794 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The hippocampus is a neuron-rich specialised brain structure that plays a central role in the regulation of emotions, learning and memory, cognition, spatial navigation, and motivational processes. In human fetal development, hippocampal neurogenesis is principally complete by mid-gestation, with subsequent maturation comprising dendritogenesis and synaptogenesis in the third trimester of pregnancy and infancy. Dendritogenesis and synaptogenesis underpin connectivity. Hippocampal development is exquisitely sensitive to perturbations during pregnancy and at birth. Clinical investigations demonstrate that preterm birth, fetal growth restriction (FGR), and acute hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) are common perinatal complications that alter hippocampal development. In turn, deficits in hippocampal development and structure mediate a range of neurodevelopmental disorders, including cognitive and learning problems, autism, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In this review, we summarise the developmental profile of the hippocampus during fetal and neonatal life and examine the hippocampal deficits observed following common human pregnancy complications. IMPACT: The review provides a comprehensive summary of the developmental profile of the hippocampus in normal fetal and neonatal life. We address a significant knowledge gap in paediatric research by providing a comprehensive summary of the relationship between pregnancy complications and subsequent hippocampal damage, shedding new light on this critical aspect of early neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegan A White
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy E Sutherland
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Beth J Allison
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily J Camm
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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2
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Takahashi Y, Takahashi T, Usuda H, Carter S, Fee EL, Furfaro L, Chemtob S, Olson DM, Keelan JA, Kallapur S, Kemp MW. Pharmacological blockade of the interleukin-1 receptor suppressed Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation in preterm fetal sheep. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2023; 5:101124. [PMID: 37597799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.101124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraamniotic inflammation is associated with preterm birth, especially in cases occurring before 32 weeks' gestation, and is causally linked with an increased risk for neonatal mortality and morbidity. Targeted anti-inflammatory interventions may assist in improving the outcomes for pregnancies impacted by intrauterine inflammation. Interleukin-1 is a central upstream mediator of inflammation. Accordingly, interleukin-1 is a promising candidate target for intervention therapies and has been targeted previously using the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, anakinra. Recent studies have shown that the novel, noncompetitive, allosteric interleukin-1 receptor inhibitor, rytvela, partially resolved inflammation associated with preterm birth and fetal injury. In this study, we used a preterm sheep model of chorioamnionitis to investigate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of rytvela and anakinra, administered in the amniotic fluid in the setting of intraamniotic Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide exposure. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that both rytvela and anakinra would reduce lipopolysaccharide-induced intrauterine inflammation and protect the fetal brain. STUDY DESIGN Ewes with a singleton fetus at 105 days of gestation (term is ∼150 days) were randomized to one of the following groups: (1) intraamniotic injections of 2 mL saline at time=0 and time=24 hours as a negative control group (saline group, n=12); (2) intraamniotic injection of 10 mg Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide in 2 mL saline and intraamniotic injections of 2 mL saline at time=0 hours and time=24 hours as an inflammation positive control group (lipopolysaccharide group, n=11); (3) intraamniotic injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide in 2 mL saline and intraamniotic injections of 2.5 mg rytvela at time=0 hours and time=24 hours to test the anti-inflammatory efficacy of rytvela (lipopolysaccharide + rytvela group, n=10); or (4) intraamniotic injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide in 2 mL saline and intraamniotic injections of 100 mg anakinra at time=0 hours and time=24 hours to test the anti-inflammatory efficacy of anakinra (lipopolysaccharide + anakinra group, n=12). Amniotic fluid was sampled at time 0, 24, and 48 hours (ie, at each intervention and at delivery). Fetal umbilical cord blood was collected at delivery for differential blood counts and chemical studies. Inflammation was characterized by the analysis of fetal tissue cytokine and chemokine levels using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked inmmunosorbent assay, and histology. The primary study outcome of interest was the assessment of anakinra and rytvela brain-protective effects in the setting of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-induced intrauterine inflammation. Secondary outcomes of interest were to assess protection from fetal and intrauterine (ie, amniotic fluid, chorioamnion) inflammation. RESULTS Intraamniotic administration of lipopolysaccharide caused inflammation of the fetal lung, brain, and chorioamnionitis in preterm fetal sheep. Relative to treatment with saline only in the setting of lipopolysaccharide exposure, intraamniotic administration of both rytvela and anakinra both significantly prevented periventricular white matter injury, microglial activation, and histologic chorioamnionitis. Anakinra showed additional efficacy in inhibiting fetal lung myeloperoxidase activity, but its use was associated with metabolic acidaemia and reduced fetal plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 levels at delivery. CONCLUSION Intraamniotic administration of rytvela or anakinra significantly inhibited fetal brain inflammation and chorioamnionitis in preterm fetal sheep exposed to intraamniotic lipopolysaccharide. In addition, anakinra treatment was associated with potential negative impacts on the developing fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takahashi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (Drs Y Takahashi, T Takahashi, M Usuda, and Carter, Ms Fee, and Drs Furfaro, Keelan, and Kemp); Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (Drs Y Takahashi, T Takahashi, Usuda, and Kemp).
| | - Tsukasa Takahashi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (Drs Y Takahashi, T Takahashi, M Usuda, and Carter, Ms Fee, and Drs Furfaro, Keelan, and Kemp); Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (Drs Y Takahashi, T Takahashi, Usuda, and Kemp)
| | - Haruo Usuda
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (Drs Y Takahashi, T Takahashi, M Usuda, and Carter, Ms Fee, and Drs Furfaro, Keelan, and Kemp); Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (Drs Y Takahashi, T Takahashi, Usuda, and Kemp)
| | - Sean Carter
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (Drs Y Takahashi, T Takahashi, M Usuda, and Carter, Ms Fee, and Drs Furfaro, Keelan, and Kemp); Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (Dr S Carter, and Kemp)
| | - Erin L Fee
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (Drs Y Takahashi, T Takahashi, M Usuda, and Carter, Ms Fee, and Drs Furfaro, Keelan, and Kemp)
| | - Lucy Furfaro
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (Drs Y Takahashi, T Takahashi, M Usuda, and Carter, Ms Fee, and Drs Furfaro, Keelan, and Kemp)
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada (Dr Chemtob)
| | - David M Olson
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics, and Physiology, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada (Dr Olson)
| | - Jeffrey A Keelan
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (Drs Y Takahashi, T Takahashi, M Usuda, and Carter, Ms Fee, and Drs Furfaro, Keelan, and Kemp)
| | - Suhas Kallapur
- Department of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (Dr Kallapur)
| | - Matthew W Kemp
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (Drs Y Takahashi, T Takahashi, M Usuda, and Carter, Ms Fee, and Drs Furfaro, Keelan, and Kemp); Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (Drs Y Takahashi, T Takahashi, Usuda, and Kemp); School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia (Dr Kemp); Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (Dr S Carter, and Kemp)
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Vacher CM, Bonnin A, Mir IN, Penn AA. Editorial: Advances and perspectives in neuroplacentology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1206072. [PMID: 37274324 PMCID: PMC10236794 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1206072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claire-Marie Vacher
- Department of Pediatrics, NewYork Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alexandre Bonnin
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Imran N. Mir
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Anna A. Penn
- Department of Pediatrics, NewYork Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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4
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Ohkuma K, Ono T, Oshima Y, So K, Tsumura K, Yamasaki F, Nakura Y, Yanagihara I, Nomiyama M, Yokoyama M. Diagnostic accuracy of amniotic fluid interleukin-6 for fetal inflammatory response syndrome. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2023. [PMID: 36869638 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to clarify the diagnostic accuracy of amniotic fluid interleukin-6 for fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS). METHODS This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a single institution and targeted cases of preterm birth within 24 h after amniocentesis among singleton cases that underwent amniocentesis at our hospital for suspected intraamniotic inflammation (IAI) from gestational ages of 22-36 weeks between August 2014 and March 2020. FIRS was defined as >11.0 pg/mL of umbilical cord blood interleukin-6. RESULTS The analysis included 158 pregnant women. There was a strong correlation between amniotic fluid interleukin-6 and umbilical cord blood interleukin-6 (r = 0.70, p < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of amniotic fluid interleukin-6 for FIRS was 0.93, with a cutoff value of 15.5 ng/mL, and showed high sensitivity and specificity (0.91 and 0.88, respectively). An amniotic fluid interleukin-6 cutoff value of ≥15.5 ng/mL was associated with a significant risk of FIRS (adjusted odds ratio: 27.9; 95% confidence interval: 6.3-123.0; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that amniotic interleukin 6 alone can be used to diagnose FIRS prenatally. While there is a need for validation, it may be possible to treat IAI while preventing damage to the central nervous and respiratory systems in the uterus by keeping the amniotic fluid interleukin-6 below the cutoff value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Ohkuma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Hospital Organization, Saga National Hospital, Saga, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Hospital Organization, Saga National Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Yuko Oshima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Hospital Organization, Saga National Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Kunio So
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Hospital Organization, Saga National Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tsumura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Hospital Organization, Saga National Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Fumio Yamasaki
- Department of Pathology, Japan Community Health Care Organization, Saga Central Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakura
- Department of Developmental Medicine, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Itaru Yanagihara
- Department of Developmental Medicine, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Nomiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Hospital Organization, Saga National Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yokoyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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Vintrych P, Al-Obeidallah M, Horák J, Chvojka J, Valešová L, Nalos L, Jarkovská D, Matějovič M, Štengl M. Modeling sepsis, with a special focus on large animal models of porcine peritonitis and bacteremia. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1094199. [PMID: 36703923 PMCID: PMC9871395 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1094199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases, which often result in deadly sepsis or septic shock, represent a major global health problem. For understanding the pathophysiology of sepsis and developing new treatment strategies, reliable and clinically relevant animal models of the disease are necessary. In this review, two large animal (porcine) models of sepsis induced by either peritonitis or bacteremia are introduced and their strong and weak points are discussed in the context of clinical relevance and other animal models of sepsis, with a special focus on cardiovascular and immune systems, experimental design, and monitoring. Especially for testing new therapeutic strategies, the large animal (porcine) models represent a more clinically relevant alternative to small animal models, and the findings obtained in small animal (transgenic) models should be verified in these clinically relevant large animal models before translation to the clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Vintrych
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Mahmoud Al-Obeidallah
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Horák
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiří Chvojka
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lenka Valešová
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lukáš Nalos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Dagmar Jarkovská
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Matějovič
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Milan Štengl
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,*Correspondence: Milan Štengl,
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6
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Lu J, Fan X, Lu L, Yu Y, Markiewicz E, Little JC, Sidebottom AM, Claud EC. Limosilactobacillus reuteri normalizes blood-brain barrier dysfunction and neurodevelopment deficits associated with prenatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2178800. [PMID: 36799469 PMCID: PMC9980478 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2178800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (MIA) derived from late gestational infection such as seen in chorioamnionitis poses a significantly increased risk for neurodevelopmental deficits in the offspring. Manipulating early microbiota through maternal probiotic supplementation has been shown to be an effective means to improve outcomes; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that MIA modeled by exposing pregnant dams to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced an underdevelopment of the blood vessels, an increase in permeability and astrogliosis of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) at prewean age. The BBB developmental and functional deficits early in life impaired spatial learning later in life. Maternal Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) supplementation starting at birth rescued the BBB underdevelopment and dysfunction-associated cognitive function. Maternal L. reuteri-mediated alterations in β-diversity of the microbial community and metabolic responses in the offspring provide mechanisms and potential targets for promoting BBB integrity and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaobing Fan
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Laboratory, The University of Chicago, Department of Radiology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lei Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yueyue Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erica Markiewicz
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Laboratory, The University of Chicago, Department of Radiology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jessica C. Little
- Duchossois Family Institute, The University of Chicago, Host-Microbe Metabolomics Facility, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ashley M. Sidebottom
- Duchossois Family Institute, The University of Chicago, Host-Microbe Metabolomics Facility, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erika C. Claud
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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7
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Golin MO, Souza FIS, Paiva LDS, Sarni ROS. "The Value of Clinical Examination in Preterm Newborns after Neonatal Sepsis: A Cross-sectional Observational Study.". Dev Neurorehabil 2022; 25:80-86. [PMID: 34346264 DOI: 10.1080/17518423.2021.1941372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal sepsis is an important risk factor for lesions in the brain of preterm newborns (PTNB) and the most effective strategies to minimize its deleterious effects are early detection and intervention. AIM To investigate the presence of neurological abnormalities in PTNBs after neonatal sepsis. METHODS This was a prospective cross-sectional study with 100 PTNBs selected at random, 50 of the study group (sepsis) and 50 of the control group (non-sepsis). The neurological evaluation protocol adopted was the Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination (HNNE). RESULTS The PTNBs of the sepsis group had total HNNE scores lower than expected for normality in 86% of the cases, and the non-sepsis group in 26% (p < .001). Higher prevalence levels of altered scores in tone category (p < .001), tone patterns (p = .026), reflexes (p = .002), movements (p < .001), abnormal signs (p < .001) and behavior (p < .001). CONCLUSION The neurological dysfunctions after neonatal sepsis could be identified by clinical neonatal neurological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ortega Golin
- Department of Physiotherapy, ABC Faculty of Medicine, Santo André / SP, Brazil
| | | | - Laércio da Silva Paiva
- Department of Health of the Community, ABC Faculty of Medicine, Santo André / SP, Brazil
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8
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Al Amrani F, Sébire G, Chen MF, Wintermark P, Saint-Martin C. Distinctive Neuroimaging Pattern in Term Newborns With Neonatal Placental Encephalopathy: A Case Series. Pediatr Neurol 2022; 126:74-79. [PMID: 34740136 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying antepartum versus intrapartum timing and the cause of neonatal encephalopathy (NE) often remains elusive owing to our limited understanding of the underlying pathophysiological processes and lack of appropriate biomarkers. OBJECTIVES This retrospective observational study describes a case series of term newborns with NE who displayed a recognizable magnetic resonance imaging pattern of immediately postnatal brain abnormalities that rapidly evolved toward cavitation. Our aim is to (1) report this neuroimaging pattern, (2) look for placental determinants, and (3) depict the outcome. DESIGN/METHODS This is a unicentric retrospective case series reporting the clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings of NE associated with a distinctive neuroimaging pattern, that is, immediately postnatal extensive corticosubcortical T2 hyperintensities, followed by rapid corticosubcortical cavitation that does not match the neuroimaging picture of intrapartum hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). RESULTS Seven term newborns presented bilateral corticosubcortical hyperintensities that were detected on T2 between day of life (DOL) 1-4, which rapidly evolved toward cystic encephalomalacia, that is, between DOL9 and DOL12. All these newborns presented with moderate/severe NE. The outcome was either neonatal death or quadriplegic cerebral palsy and epilepsy. None of the reported patients fulfilled the criteria of a high likelihood of acute intrapartum hypoxic-ischemic or quadriplegic cerebral palsy. All these newborns were exposed to chronic and/or acute placental inflammation and/or hypoxic-ischemic. CONCLUSIONS To further define the antepartum causes of NE, early neuroimaging and a placental examination are recommended. Brain T2 hyperintense injuries before DOL4 followed by rapid cavitation before DOL12 might be biomarkers of NE from an antepartum/placental origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Al Amrani
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Pediatric Neurology Unit, Child Health Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Al Khod, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Guillaume Sébire
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Moy Fong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pia Wintermark
- Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christine Saint-Martin
- Division of Pediatric Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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9
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Gall AR, Amoah SK, Kitase Y, Jantzie LL. Placental mediated mechanisms of perinatal brain injury: Evolving inflammation and exosomes. Exp Neurol 2022; 347:113914. [PMID: 34752783 PMCID: PMC8712107 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is an inflammatory process that is carefully regulated by the placenta via immunomodulation and cell-to-cell communication of maternal and fetal tissues. Exosomes, types of extracellular vesicles, facilitate the intercellular communication and traffic biologically modifying cargo within the maternal-placental-fetal axis in normal and pathologic pregnancies. Chorioamnionitis is characterized by inflammation of chorioamniotic membranes that produces systemic maternal and fetal inflammatory responses of cytokine dysregulation and has been associated with brain injury and neurodevelopmental disorders. This review focuses on how pathologic placental exosomes propagate acute and chronic inflammation leading to brain injury. The evidence reviewed here highlights the need to investigate exosomes from pathologic pregnancies and those with known brain injury to identify new diagnostics, biomarkers, and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Gall
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen K Amoah
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuma Kitase
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lauren L Jantzie
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA,Corresponding author at: 600 N. Wolfe Street, CMSC Building, 6-104A, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. (L.L. Jantzie)
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10
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Soullane S, Spence AR, Abenhaim HA. Association of placental pathology and gross morphology with autism spectrum disorders. Autism Res 2021; 15:531-538. [DOI: 10.1002/aur.2658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Safiya Soullane
- Faculty of Medicine McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Andrea R. Spence
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Community Studies Jewish General Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Haim A. Abenhaim
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Community Studies Jewish General Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Jewish General Hospital, McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
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11
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Bartkevičienė D, Pilypienė I, Serapinas D, Vaigauskaitė B, Vankevičiūtė RA, Bartkevičiūtė A, Narkevičiūtė I, Dumalakienė I. Umbilical Blood Levels of IL-6 and TNF-α as Predictors of the Central Nervous System Damage and Retinopathy in Preterm Infants. Am J Perinatol 2021; 38:1036-1041. [PMID: 32052396 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1701508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to identify the critical levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and vascular endothelial growth factor-A in umbilical cord blood that could be used as markers for predicting the central nervous system (CNS) damage and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm infants. STUDY DESIGN A total of 158 preterm infants, born at 22 to 34 weeks of gestation, were evaluated in the first week after birth and at 36 to 37 weeks of postconceptual age. RESULTS A significant relationship between CNS changes and concentrations of IL-6 (p < 0.001) and TNF-α (p < 0.001) in umbilical cord blood at 22 to 34 weeks of gestation was determined. The concentration of IL-6 >13.0 pg/mL predicts significant CNS damages in 36 to 37-week infants (p = 0.013). ROP was diagnosed in 24.8% infants (n = 149). It was detected that the levels of TNF-α >116.4 pg/mL (p < 0.001) and IL-6 >13.0 pg/mL (p < 0.05) in umbilical cord blood could predict 2 to 3/3 to 4 stages of ROP. CONCLUSION Critical values of IL-6 and TNF-α in predicting ≥grade III intraventricular hemorrhage in the early adaptation and in predicting marked CNS damages and severe ROP stages in the later adaptation of preterm infants were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiva Bartkevičienė
- Department of Neonatology, Centre of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Pilypienė
- Department of Neonatology, Centre of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Danielius Serapinas
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Department of Family Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Brigita Vaigauskaitė
- Department of Neonatology, Centre of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Aurelija Vankevičiūtė
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Agnė Bartkevičiūtė
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Narkevičiūtė
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Irena Dumalakienė
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
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McCartney SA, Kapur R, Liggitt HD, Baldessari A, Coleman M, Orvis A, Ogle J, Katz R, Rajagopal L, Adams Waldorf KM. Amniotic fluid interleukin 6 and interleukin 8 are superior predictors of fetal lung injury compared with maternal or fetal plasma cytokines or placental histopathology in a nonhuman primate model. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 225:89.e1-89.e16. [PMID: 33412130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.12.1214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intra-amniotic infection or inflammation is common in early preterm birth and associated with substantial neonatal lung morbidity owing to fetal exposure to proinflammatory cytokines and infectious organisms. Amniotic fluid interleukin 8, a proinflammatory cytokine, was previously correlated with the development of neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia, but whether amniotic fluid cytokines or placental pathology more accurately predicts neonatal lung pathology and morbidity is unknown. We have used a pregnant nonhuman primate model of group B Streptococcus infection to study the pathogenesis of intra-amniotic infection, bacterial invasion of the amniotic cavity and fetus, and microbial-host interactions. In this nonhuman primate model, we have studied the pathogenesis of group B Streptococcus strains with differing potential for virulence, which has resulted in a spectrum of intra-amniotic infection and fetal lung injury that affords the opportunity to study the inflammatory predictors of fetal lung pathology and injury. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether fetal lung injury is best predicted by placental histopathology or the cytokine response in amniotic fluid or maternal plasma. STUDY DESIGN Chronically catheterized pregnant monkeys (Macaca nemestrina, pigtail macaque) at 116 to 125 days gestation (term at 172 days) received a choriodecidual inoculation of saline (n=5), weakly hemolytic group B Streptococcus strain (n=5, low virulence), or hyperhemolytic group B Streptococcus strain (n=5, high virulence). Adverse pregnancy outcomes were defined as either preterm labor, microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity, or development of the fetal inflammatory response syndrome. Amniotic fluid and maternal and fetal plasma samples were collected after inoculation, and proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin beta, interleukin 6, interleukin 8) were measured by a multiplex assay. Cesarean delivery was performed at the time of preterm labor or within 1 week of inoculation. Fetal necropsy was performed at the time of delivery. Placental pathology was scored in a blinded fashion by a pediatric pathologist, and fetal lung injury was determined by a semiquantitative score from histopathology evaluating inflammatory infiltrate, necrosis, tissue thickening, or collapse scored by a veterinary pathologist. RESULTS The principal findings in our study are as follows: (1) adverse pregnancy outcomes occurred more frequently in animals receiving hyperhemolytic group B Streptococcus (80% with preterm labor, 80% with fetal inflammatory response syndrome) than in animals receiving weakly hemolytic group B Streptococcus (40% with preterm labor, 20% with fetal inflammatory response syndrome) and in controls (0% preterm labor, 0% fetal inflammatory response syndrome); (2) despite differences in the rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes and fetal inflammatory response syndrome, fetal lung injury scores were similar between animals receiving the weakly hemolytic group B Streptococcus strains and animals receiving the hyperhemolytic group B Streptococcus strains; (3) fetal lung injury score was significantly correlated with peak amniotic fluid cytokines interleukin 6 and interleukin 8 but not tumor necrosis factor alpha or interleukin 1 beta; and (4) fetal lung scores were poorly correlated with maternal and fetal plasma cytokine levels and placental pathology. CONCLUSION Amniotic fluid interleukin 6 and interleukin 8 levels were superior predictors of fetal lung injury than placental histopathology or maternal plasma cytokines. This evidence supports a role for amniocentesis in the prediction of neonatal lung morbidity owing to intra-amniotic infection, which cannot be provided by cytokine analysis of maternal plasma or placental histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A McCartney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Raj Kapur
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | - H Denny Liggitt
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Audrey Baldessari
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Michelle Coleman
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Austyn Orvis
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Jason Ogle
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ronit Katz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Lakshmi Rajagopal
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Kristina M Adams Waldorf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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13
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Usuda H, Watanabe S, Saito M, Ikeda H, Koshinami S, Sato S, Musk GC, Fee E, Carter S, Kumagai Y, Takahashi T, Takahashi Y, Kawamura S, Hanita T, Kure S, Yaegashi N, Newnham JP, Kemp MW. Successful use of an artificial placenta-based life support system to treat extremely preterm ovine fetuses compromised by intrauterine inflammation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 223:755.e1-755.e20. [PMID: 32380175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ex vivo uterine environment therapy is an experimental intensive care strategy for extremely preterm infants born between 21 and 24 weeks of gestation. Gas exchange is performed by membranous oxygenators connected by catheters to the umbilical vessels. The fetus is submerged in a bath of synthetic amniotic fluid. The lungs remain fluid filled, and pulmonary respiration does not occur. Intrauterine inflammation is strongly associated with extremely preterm birth and fetal injury. At present, there are no data that we are aware of to show that artificial placenta-based systems can be used to support extremely preterm fetuses compromised by exposure to intrauterine inflammation. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ability of our ex vivo uterine environment therapy platform to support extremely preterm ovine fetuses (95-day gestational age; approximately equivalent to 24 weeks of human gestation) exposed to intrauterine inflammation for a period of 120 hours, the following primary endpoints were chosen: (1) maintenance of key physiological variables within normal ranges, (2) absence of infection and inflammation, (3) absence of brain injury, and (4) gross fetal growth and cardiovascular function matching that of age-matched in utero controls. STUDY DESIGN Ten ewes with singleton pregnancies were each given a single intraamniotic injection of 10-mg Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides under ultrasound guidance 48 hours before undergoing surgical delivery for adaptation to ex vivo uterine environment therapy at 95-day gestation (term=150 days). Fetuses were adapted to ex vivo uterine environment therapy and maintained for 120 hours with constant monitoring of key vital parameters (ex vivo uterine environment group) before being killed at 100-day equivalent gestational age. Umbilical artery blood samples were regularly collected to assess blood gas data, differential counts, biochemical parameters, inflammatory markers, and microbial load to exclude infection. Ultrasound was conducted at 48 hours after intraamniotic lipopolysaccharides (before surgery) to confirm fetal viability and at the conclusion of the experiments (before euthanasia) to evaluate cardiac function. Brain injury was evaluated by gross anatomic and histopathologic investigations. Eight singleton pregnant control animals were similarly exposed to intraamniotic lipopolysaccharides at 93-day gestation and were killed at 100-day gestation to allow comparative postmortem analyses (control group). Biobanked samples from age-matched saline-treated animals served as an additional comparison group. Successful instillation of lipopolysaccharides into the amniotic fluid exposure was confirmed by amniotic fluid analysis at the time of administration and by analyzing cytokine levels in fetal plasma and amniotic fluid. Data were tested for mean differences using analysis of variance. RESULTS Six of 8 lipopolysaccharide control group (75%) and 8 of 10 ex vivo uterine environment group fetuses (80%) successfully completed their protocols. Six of 8 ex vivo uterine environment group fetuses required dexamethasone phosphate treatment to manage profound refractory hypotension. Weight and crown-rump length were reduced in ex vivo uterine environment group fetuses at euthanasia than those in lipopolysaccharide control group fetuses (P<.05). There were no biologically significant differences in cardiac ultrasound measurement, differential leukocyte counts (P>.05), plasma tumor necrosis factor α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 concentrations (P>.05), or liver function tests between groups. Daily blood cultures were negative for aerobic and anaerobic growth in all ex vivo uterine environment group animals. No cases of intraventricular hemorrhage were observed. White matter injury was identified in 3 of 6 lipopolysaccharide control group fetuses and 3 of 8 vivo uterine environment group fetuses. CONCLUSION We report the use of an artificial placenta-based system to support extremely preterm lambs compromised by exposure to intrauterine inflammation. Our data highlight key challenges (refractory hypotension, growth restriction, and white matter injury) to be overcome in the development and use of artificial placenta technology for extremely preterm infants. As such challenges seem largely absent from studies based on healthy pregnancies, additional experiments of this nature using clinically relevant model systems are essential for further development of this technology and its eventual clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruo Usuda
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; Center for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Shimpei Watanabe
- Center for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Saito
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; Center for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ikeda
- Center for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shota Koshinami
- Center for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Center for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Gabrielle C Musk
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; Animal Care Services, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Erin Fee
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sean Carter
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yusaku Kumagai
- Center for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Takahashi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; Center for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; Center for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | | | - Takushi Hanita
- Center for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shigeo Kure
- Center for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Center for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - John P Newnham
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew W Kemp
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; Center for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia
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Ribitsch I, Baptista PM, Lange-Consiglio A, Melotti L, Patruno M, Jenner F, Schnabl-Feichter E, Dutton LC, Connolly DJ, van Steenbeek FG, Dudhia J, Penning LC. Large Animal Models in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering: To Do or Not to Do. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:972. [PMID: 32903631 PMCID: PMC7438731 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid developments in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering has witnessed an increasing drive toward clinical translation of breakthrough technologies. However, the progression of promising preclinical data to achieve successful clinical market authorisation remains a bottleneck. One hurdle for progress to the clinic is the transition from small animal research to advanced preclinical studies in large animals to test safety and efficacy of products. Notwithstanding this, to draw meaningful and reliable conclusions from animal experiments it is critical that the species and disease model of choice is relevant to answer the research question as well as the clinical problem. Selecting the most appropriate animal model requires in-depth knowledge of specific species and breeds to ascertain the adequacy of the model and outcome measures that closely mirror the clinical situation. Traditional reductionist approaches in animal experiments, which often do not sufficiently reflect the studied disease, are still the norm and can result in a disconnect in outcomes observed between animal studies and clinical trials. To address these concerns a reconsideration in approach will be required. This should include a stepwise approach using in vitro and ex vivo experiments as well as in silico modeling to minimize the need for in vivo studies for screening and early development studies, followed by large animal models which more closely resemble human disease. Naturally occurring, or spontaneous diseases in large animals remain a largely untapped resource, and given the similarities in pathophysiology to humans they not only allow for studying new treatment strategies but also disease etiology and prevention. Naturally occurring disease models, particularly for longer lived large animal species, allow for studying disorders at an age when the disease is most prevalent. As these diseases are usually also a concern in the chosen veterinary species they would be beneficiaries of newly developed therapies. Improved awareness of the progress in animal models is mutually beneficial for animals, researchers, human and veterinary patients. In this overview we describe advantages and disadvantages of various animal models including domesticated and companion animals used in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering to provide an informed choice of disease-relevant animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Ribitsch
- Veterm, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University Equine Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pedro M. Baptista
- Laboratory of Organ Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine, Health Research Institute of Aragon (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Anna Lange-Consiglio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Melotti
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Patruno
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Florien Jenner
- Veterm, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University Equine Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Schnabl-Feichter
- Clinical Unit of Small Animal Surgery, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luke C. Dutton
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Connolly
- Clinical Unit of Small Animal Surgery, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank G. van Steenbeek
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jayesh Dudhia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Louis C. Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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15
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Yap V, Perlman JM. Mechanisms of brain injury in newborn infants associated with the fetal inflammatory response syndrome. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 25:101110. [PMID: 32303463 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2020.101110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) is characterized by umbilical cord inflammation and elevated fetal pro-inflammatory cytokines. Surviving neonates, especially very preterm infants, have increased rates of neonatal morbidity including neurodevelopmental impairment. The mechanism of brain injury in FIRS is complex and may involve "multiple hits." Exposure to in utero inflammation initiates a cascade of the fetal immune response, where pro-inflammatory cytokines can cause direct injury to oligodendrocytes and neurons. Activation of microglia results in further injury to vulnerable pre-myelinating oligodendrocytes and influences the integrity of the fetal and newborn's blood-brain barrier, resulting in further exposure of the brain to developmental insults. Newborns exposed to FIRS are frequently exposed to additional perinatal and postnatal insults that can result in further brain injury. Future directions should include evaluations for new therapeutic interventions aimed at reducing brain injury by dampening FIRS, inhibition of microglial activation, and regeneration of immature oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Yap
- Weill Cornell Medicine - New York Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th Street, Suite N-506, New York, NY, 10065, United States.
| | - Jeffrey M Perlman
- Weill Cornell Medicine - New York Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th Street, Suite N-506, New York, NY, 10065, United States
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16
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Xiao D, Zhu T, Qu Y, Gou X, Huang Q, Li X, Mu D. Maternal chorioamnionitis and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm and very preterm neonates: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208302. [PMID: 30533009 PMCID: PMC6289416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Context No consensus exists regarding the association between maternal chorioamnionitis and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm and very preterm neonates. Objectives To investigate whether maternal chorioamnionitis affects neurodevelopmental outcomes and to identify the factors that may explain these effects. Data sources We used Ovid Medline, EMBASE and Web of Science to conduct a meta-analysis of studies published in English before August 25, 2017, with titles or abstracts that discussed an association between maternal chorioamnionitis and mental/motor development. Study selection Among the 603 initially identified studies, we selected those that addressed an association between maternal chorioamnionitis and mental/motor development according to our preselected inclusion criteria as follows: (1) the study compared infants with and without exposure to maternal chorioamnionitis and (2) the neurodevelopmental outcome was followed up using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development 2nd edition. Data synthesis Our meta-analysis included 10 studies. According to a random effect model, infants with maternal chorioamnionitis exposure had poorer mental development (d = -2.25 [95%CI, -4.33, -0.17], p<0.05) than infants without maternal chorioamnionitis, and infants with maternal clinical chorioamnionitis exposure had poorer motor development (d = -2.37 [95%CI, -4.62 to -0.12], p<0.05) than infants without maternal clinical chorioamnionitis exposure. Factors in the meta-analysis that showed differences between the two patient groups included an MDI assessment blinded to medical history, MDI assessment at the correct age, and time of the MDI assessment. Conclusion This study suggests that maternal chorioamnionitis may affect mental development in preterm and very preterm neonates, and that maternal clinical chorioamnionitis may affect motor development in offspring. Further studies are required to confirm these results and to detect the influence of variables across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqiong Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail: (YQ); (DM)
| | - Xiaoyun Gou
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Qun Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xihong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail: (YQ); (DM)
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17
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Enhancing Oligodendrocyte Myelination Rescues Synaptic Loss and Improves Functional Recovery after Chronic Hypoxia. Neuron 2018; 99:689-701.e5. [PMID: 30078577 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To address the significance of enhancing myelination for functional recovery after white matter injury (WMI) in preterm infants, we characterized hypomyelination associated with chronic hypoxia and identified structural and functional deficits of excitatory cortical synapses with a prolonged motor deficit. We demonstrate that genetically delaying myelination phenocopies the synaptic and functional deficits observed in mice after hypoxia, suggesting that myelination may possibly facilitate excitatory presynaptic innervation. As a gain-of-function experiment, we specifically ablated the muscarinic receptor 1 (M1R), a negative regulator of oligodendrocyte differentiation in oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Genetically enhancing oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination rescued the synaptic loss after chronic hypoxia and promoted functional recovery. As a proof of concept, drug-based myelination therapies also resulted in accelerated differentiation and myelination with functional recovery after chronic hypoxia. Together, our data indicate that myelination-enhancing strategies in preterm infants may represent a promising therapeutic approach for structural/functional recovery after hypoxic WMI.
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18
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Lei J, Zhong W, Almalki A, Zhao H, Arif H, Rozzah R, Al Yousif G, Alhejaily N, Wu D, McLane M, Burd I. Maternal Glucose Supplementation in a Murine Model of Chorioamnionitis Alleviates Dysregulation of Autophagy in Fetal Brain. Reprod Sci 2018; 25:1175-1185. [PMID: 29017418 PMCID: PMC6346301 DOI: 10.1177/1933719117734321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fetal brain injury induced by intrauterine inflammation is a major risk factor for adverse neurological outcomes, including cerebral palsy, cognitive dysfunction, and behavioral disabilities. There are no adequate therapies for neuronal protection to reduce fetal brain injury, especially new strategies that may apply promptly and conveniently. In this study, we explored the effect of maternal glucose administration in a mouse model of intrauterine inflammation at term. Our results demonstrated that maternal glucose supplementation significantly increased survival birth rate and improved the neurobehavioral performance of pups exposed to intrauterine inflammation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that maternal glucose administration improved myelination and oligodendrocyte development in offspring exposed to intrauterine inflammation. Though the maternal blood glucose concentration was temporally prevented from decrease induced by intrauterine inflammation, the glucose concentration in fetal brain was not recovered by maternal glucose supplementation. The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level and autophagy in fetal brain were regulated by maternal glucose supplementation, which may prevent dysregulation of cellular metabolism. Our study is the first to provide evidence for the role of maternal glucose supplementation in the cell survival of fetal brain during intrauterine inflammation and further support the possible medication with maternal glucose treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lei
- 1 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wenyu Zhong
- 1 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ahmad Almalki
- 1 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hongxi Zhao
- 1 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hattan Arif
- 1 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rayyan Rozzah
- 1 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ghada Al Yousif
- 1 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nader Alhejaily
- 1 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dan Wu
- 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael McLane
- 1 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Irina Burd
- 1 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- 3 Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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19
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Ribitsch I, Mayer RL, Egerbacher M, Gabner S, Kańduła MM, Rosser J, Haltmayer E, Auer U, Gültekin S, Huber J, Bileck A, Kreil DP, Gerner C, Jenner F. Fetal articular cartilage regeneration versus adult fibrocartilaginous repair: secretome proteomics unravels molecular mechanisms in an ovine model. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:11/7/dmm033092. [PMID: 29991479 PMCID: PMC6078409 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.033092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive cartilage degeneration, is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide owing to the limited regenerative capacity of adult articular cartilage. Currently, there are no disease-modifying pharmacological or surgical therapies for OA. Fetal mammals, in contrast to adults, are capable of regenerating injured cartilage in the first two trimesters of gestation. A deeper understanding of the properties intrinsic to the response of fetal tissue to injury would allow us to modulate the way in which adult tissue responds to injury. In this study, we employed secretome proteomics to compare fetal and adult protein regulation in response to cartilage injury using an ovine cartilage defect model. The most relevant events comprised proteins associated with the immune response and inflammation, proteins specific for cartilage tissue and cartilage development, and proteins involved in cell growth and proliferation. Alarmins S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 and coiled-coil domain containing 88A (CCDC88A), which are associated with inflammatory processes, were found to be significantly upregulated following injury in adult, but not in fetal animals. By contrast, cartilage-specific proteins like proteoglycan 4 were upregulated in response to injury only in fetal sheep postinjury. Our results demonstrate the power and relevance of the ovine fetal cartilage regeneration model presented here for the first time. The identification of previously unrecognized modulatory proteins that plausibly affect the healing process holds great promise for potential therapeutic interventions. Summary: Secretome proteomics identifies differential regulation of inflammation modulators during fetal and adult articular cartilage defect healing, offering novel strategies for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Ribitsch
- VETERM, University Equine Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Rupert L Mayer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Monika Egerbacher
- Histology & Embryology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Simone Gabner
- Histology & Embryology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Maciej M Kańduła
- Department of Biotechnology, Boku University Vienna, Vienna 1180, Austria.,Institute of Bioinformatics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Julie Rosser
- VETERM, University Equine Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Eva Haltmayer
- VETERM, University Equine Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Ulrike Auer
- Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Sinan Gültekin
- VETERM, University Equine Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Johann Huber
- Teaching and Research Farm Kremesberg, Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Andrea Bileck
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - David P Kreil
- Department of Biotechnology, Boku University Vienna, Vienna 1180, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Florien Jenner
- VETERM, University Equine Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
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20
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Jantzie LL, Scafidi J, Robinson S. Stem cells and cell-based therapies for cerebral palsy: a call for rigor. Pediatr Res 2018; 83:345-355. [PMID: 28922350 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies hold significant promise for infants at risk for cerebral palsy (CP) from perinatal brain injury (PBI). PBI leading to CP results from multifaceted damage to neural cells. Complex developing neural networks are injured by neural cell damage plus unique perturbations in cell signaling. Given that cell-based therapies can simultaneously repair multiple injured neural components during critical neurodevelopmental windows, these interventions potentially offer efficacy for patients with CP. Currently, the use of cell-based interventions in infants at risk for CP is limited by critical gaps in knowledge. In this review, we will highlight key questions facing the field, including: Who are optimal candidates for treatment? What are the goals of therapeutic interventions? What are the best strategies for agent delivery, including timing, dosage, location, and type? And, how are short- and long-term efficacy reliably tracked? Challenges unique to treating PBI with cell-based therapies, and lessons learned from cell-based therapies in closely related neurological disorders in the mature central nervous system, will be reviewed. Our goal is to update pediatric specialists who may be counseling families about the current state of the field. Finally, we will evaluate how rigor can be increased in the field to ensure the safety and best interests of this vulnerable patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L Jantzie
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Joseph Scafidi
- Department of Neurology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
| | - Shenandoah Robinson
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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21
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Stojanovska V, Atik A, Nitsos I, Skiöld B, Barton SK, Zahra VA, Rodgers K, Hooper SB, Polglase GR, Galinsky R. Effects of Intrauterine Inflammation on Cortical Gray Matter of Near-Term Lambs. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:145. [PMID: 29963540 PMCID: PMC6013568 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Ventilation causes cerebral white matter inflammation and injury, which is exacerbated by intrauterine inflammation. However, the effects on cortical gray matter are not well-known. Our aim was to examine the effect of ventilation on the cerebral cortex of near-term lambs exposed to intrauterine inflammation. Method:Pregnant ewes at 119 ± 1 days gestation received an intra-amniotic injection of saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 mg). Seven days later, lambs were randomized to either a high tidal volume injurious ventilation strategy (INJSALN = 6, INJLPSN = 5) or a protective ventilation strategy (PROTSALN = 5, PROTLPSN = 6). Respiratory parameters, heart rate and blood gases were monitored during the neonatal period. At post-mortem, the brain was collected and processed for immunohistochemical assessment. Neuronal density (NeuN), apoptotic cell death (caspase 8 and TUNEL), microglial density (Iba-1), astrocytic density (GFAP), and vascular protein extravasation (sheep serum) were assessed within the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes of the cerebral cortex. Results:A significant reduction in the number of neurons in all cortical layers except 4 was observed in LPS-exposed lambs compared to controls (layer #1: p = 0.041; layers #2 + 3: p = 0.023; layers #5 + 6: p = 0.016). LPS treatment caused a significant increase in gray matter area, indicative of edema. LPS+ventilation did not cause apoptotic cell death in the gray matter. Astrogliosis was not observed following PROT or INJ ventilation, with or without LPS exposure. LPS exposure was associated with vascular protein extravasation. Conclusion:Ventilation had little effect on gray matter inflammation and injury. Intrauterine inflammation reduced neuronal cell density, caused edema of the cortical gray matter, and blood vessel extravasation in the brain of near-term lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Stojanovska
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Anzari Atik
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ilias Nitsos
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Béatrice Skiöld
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samantha K Barton
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Centre of Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie A Zahra
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Karyn Rodgers
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart B Hooper
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Graeme R Polglase
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert Galinsky
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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22
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Barnett ML, Tusor N, Ball G, Chew A, Falconer S, Aljabar P, Kimpton JA, Kennea N, Rutherford M, David Edwards A, Counsell SJ. Exploring the multiple-hit hypothesis of preterm white matter damage using diffusion MRI. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 17:596-606. [PMID: 29234596 PMCID: PMC5716951 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Preterm infants are at high risk of diffuse white matter injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. The multiple hit hypothesis suggests that the risk of white matter injury increases with cumulative exposure to multiple perinatal risk factors. Our aim was to test this hypothesis in a large cohort of preterm infants using diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI). Methods We studied 491 infants (52% male) without focal destructive brain lesions born at < 34 weeks, who underwent structural and dMRI at a specialist Neonatal Imaging Centre. The median (range) gestational age (GA) at birth was 30+ 1 (23+ 2–33+ 5) weeks and median postmenstrual age at scan was 42+ 1 (38–45) weeks. dMRI data were analyzed using tract based spatial statistics and the relationship between dMRI measures in white matter and individual perinatal risk factors was assessed. We tested the hypothesis that increased exposure to perinatal risk factors was associated with lower fractional anisotropy (FA), and higher radial, axial and mean diffusivity (RD, AD, MD) in white matter. Neurodevelopmental performance was investigated using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (BSITD-III) in a subset of 381 infants at 20 months corrected age. We tested the hypothesis that lower FA and higher RD, AD and MD in white matter were associated with poorer neurodevelopmental performance. Results Identified risk factors for diffuse white matter injury were lower GA at birth, fetal growth restriction, increased number of days requiring ventilation and parenteral nutrition, necrotizing enterocolitis and male sex. Clinical chorioamnionitis and patent ductus arteriosus were not associated with white matter injury. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that fetal growth restriction, increased number of days requiring ventilation and parenteral nutrition were independently associated with lower FA values. Exposure to cumulative risk factors was associated with reduced white matter FA and FA values at term equivalent age were associated with subsequent neurodevelopmental performance. Conclusion This study suggests multiple perinatal risk factors have an independent association with diffuse white matter injury at term equivalent age and exposure to multiple perinatal risk factors exacerbates dMRI defined, clinically significant white matter injury. Our findings support the multiple hit hypothesis for preterm white matter injury. White matter injury was assessed in 491 preterm infants at term equivalent age. Aberrant white matter development was associated with several perinatal factors. Our findings support the multiple hit hypothesis for preterm brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine L Barnett
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Nora Tusor
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Gareth Ball
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Andrew Chew
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Shona Falconer
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Paul Aljabar
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Jessica A Kimpton
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Nigel Kennea
- St George's Hospital NHS Trust, Blackshaw Road, London SW17 0QT, UK.
| | - Mary Rutherford
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - A David Edwards
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Serena J Counsell
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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23
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Zhang WL, Cao YA, Xia J, Tian L, Yang L, Peng CS. Neuroprotective effect of tanshinone IIA weakens spastic cerebral palsy through inflammation, p38MAPK and VEGF in neonatal rats. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:2012-2018. [PMID: 29257210 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of main active ingredients of salvia miltiorrhizae, which is a traditional Chinese medicine, tanshinone IIA is the basis of its pharmacological activities. In the present study, the effect of tanshinone IIA on weakening spastic cerebral palsy (SCP) in neonatal rats was investigated. Radial arm water maze and holding tests were used to measure the alterations of spastic cerebral palsy, inflammation was measured using an ELISA kit, and western blot analysis was used to analyze the protein expression of p‑p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The central mechanisms involved in the mediation or modulation of inflammation, p‑p38 MAPK and VEGF were also investigated. Treatment with tanshinone IIA effectively inhibited spastic cerebral palsy, and the activities of interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL‑6, tumor necrosis factor‑α, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, cyclooxygenase‑2 and prostaglandin E2 in a neonatal rat model of SCP. Tanshinone IIA effectively suppressed the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS), phosphorylated (p‑) nuclear factor (NF)‑κB, p‑p38MAPK and VEGF, and activated the phosphorylation of inhibitor of NF‑κB and the protein expression of neuronal NOS in the SCP rat model. These results suggested that the neuroprotective effect of tanshinone IIA weakened SCP through inflammation, p38MAPK and VEGF in the neonatal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Luo Zhang
- Department of Special Medical Division, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Yue-An Cao
- Department of Special Medical Division, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xia
- Department of Special Medical Division, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Special Medical Division, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Special Medical Division, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Chao-Sheng Peng
- Department of Special Medical Division, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
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24
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Makinson R, Lloyd K, Rayasam A, McKee S, Brown A, Barila G, Grissom N, George R, Marini M, Fabry Z, Elovitz M, Reyes TM. Intrauterine inflammation induces sex-specific effects on neuroinflammation, white matter, and behavior. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 66:277-288. [PMID: 28739513 PMCID: PMC6916731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to inflammation during pregnancy has been linked to adverse neurodevelopmental consequences for the offspring. One common route through which a developing fetus is exposed to inflammation is with intrauterine inflammation. To that end, we utilized an animal model of intrauterine inflammation (IUI; intrauterine lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration, 50µg, E15) to assess placental and fetal brain inflammatory responses, white matter integrity, anxiety-related behaviors (elevated zero maze, light dark box, open field), microglial counts, and the CNS cytokine response to an acute injection of LPS in both males and females. These studies revealed that for multiple endpoints (fetal brain cytokine levels, cytokine response to adult LPS challenge) male IUI offspring were uniquely affected by intrauterine inflammation, while for other endpoints (behavior, microglial number) both sexes were similarly affected. These data advance our understanding of sex-specific effects of early life exposure to inflammation in a translationally- relevant model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Makinson
- University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Kelsey Lloyd
- University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Aditya Rayasam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Sarah McKee
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Amy Brown
- Maternal and Child Health Research Center, Department of OBGYN, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Guillermo Barila
- Maternal and Child Health Research Center, Department of OBGYN, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nicola Grissom
- University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Robert George
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Matt Marini
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Zsuzsanna Fabry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Michal Elovitz
- Maternal and Child Health Research Center, Department of OBGYN, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Teresa M. Reyes
- University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
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25
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Gussenhoven R, Ophelders DRMG, Kemp MW, Payne MS, Spiller OB, Beeton ML, Stock SJ, Cillero-Pastor B, Barré FPY, Heeren RMA, Kessels L, Stevens B, Rutten BP, Kallapur SG, Jobe AH, Kramer BW, Wolfs TGAM. The Paradoxical Effects of Chronic Intra-Amniotic Ureaplasma parvum Exposure on Ovine Fetal Brain Development. Dev Neurosci 2017; 39:472-486. [PMID: 28848098 DOI: 10.1159/000479021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chorioamnionitis is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants. Ureaplasma spp. are the microorganisms most frequently isolated from the amniotic fluid of women diagnosed with chorioamnionitis. However, controversy remains concerning the role of Ureaplasma spp. in the pathogenesis of neonatal brain injury. We hypothesize that reexposure to an inflammatory trigger during the perinatal period might be responsible for the variation in brain outcomes of preterms following Ureaplasma-driven chorioamnionitis. To investigate these clinical scenarios, we performed a detailed multimodal study in which ovine neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed following chronic intra-amniotic Ureaplasma parvum (UP) infection either alone or combined with subsequent lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure. We show that chronic intra-amniotic UP exposure during the second trimester provoked a decrease in astrocytes, increased oligodendrocyte numbers, and elevated 5-methylcytosine levels. In contrast, short-term LPS exposure before preterm birth induced increased microglial activation, myelin loss, elevation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine levels, and lipid profile changes. These LPS-induced changes were prevented by chronic preexposure to UP (preconditioning). These data indicate that chronic UP exposure has dual effects on preterm brain development in utero. On the one hand, prolonged UP exposure causes detrimental cerebral changes that may predispose to adverse postnatal clinical outcomes. On the other, chronic intra-amniotic UP exposure preconditions the brain against a second inflammatory hit. This study demonstrates that microbial interactions and the timing and duration of the inflammatory insults determine the effects on the fetal brain. Therefore, this study helps to understand the complex and diverse postnatal neurological outcomes following UP driven chorioamnionitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Gussenhoven
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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26
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Paton MCB, McDonald CA, Allison BJ, Fahey MC, Jenkin G, Miller SL. Perinatal Brain Injury As a Consequence of Preterm Birth and Intrauterine Inflammation: Designing Targeted Stem Cell Therapies. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:200. [PMID: 28442989 PMCID: PMC5385368 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chorioamnionitis is a major cause of preterm birth and brain injury. Bacterial invasion of the chorion and amnion, and/or the placenta, can lead to a fetal inflammatory response, which in turn has significant adverse consequences for the developing fetal brain. Accordingly, there is a strong causal link between chorioamnionitis, preterm brain injury and the pathogenesis of severe postnatal neurological deficits and cerebral palsy. Currently there are no treatments to protect or repair against brain injury in preterm infants born after pregnancy compromised by intrauterine infection. This review describes the injurious cascade of events in the preterm brain in response to a severe fetal inflammatory event. We will highlight specific periods of increased vulnerability, and the potential effects of therapeutic intervention with cell-based therapies. Many clinical trials are underway to investigate the efficacy of stem cells to treat patients with cerebral palsy. Stem cells, obtained from umbilical cord tissue and cord blood, normally discarded after birth, are emerging as a safe and potentially effective therapy. It is not yet known, however, which stem cell type(s) are the most efficacious for administration to preterm infants to treat brain injury-mediated inflammation. Individual stem cell populations found in cord blood and tissue, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), have a number of potential benefits that may specifically target preterm inflammatory-induced brain injury. MSCs have strong immunomodulatory potential, protecting against global and local neuroinflammatory cascades triggered during infection to the fetus. EPCs have angiogenic and vascular reparative qualities that make them ideal for neurovascular repair. A combined therapy using both MSCs and EPCs to target inflammation and promote angiogenesis for re-establishment of vital vessel networks is a treatment concept that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison C B Paton
- Neurodevelopment and Neuroprotection Research Group, The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash Medical Centre, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Courtney A McDonald
- Neurodevelopment and Neuroprotection Research Group, The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Beth J Allison
- Neurodevelopment and Neuroprotection Research Group, The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael C Fahey
- Neurodevelopment and Neuroprotection Research Group, The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Graham Jenkin
- Neurodevelopment and Neuroprotection Research Group, The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash Medical Centre, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- Neurodevelopment and Neuroprotection Research Group, The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash Medical Centre, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
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27
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Han Q, Lin Q, Huang P, Chen M, Hu X, Fu H, He S, Shen F, Zeng H, Deng Y. Microglia-derived IL-1β contributes to axon development disorders and synaptic deficit through p38-MAPK signal pathway in septic neonatal rats. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:52. [PMID: 28288671 PMCID: PMC5348817 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0805-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Axon development plays a pivotal role in the formation of synapse, nodes of Ranvier, and myelin sheath. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) produced by microglia may cause myelination disturbances through suppression of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell maturation in the septic neonatal rats. Here, we explored if a microglia-derived IL-1β would disturb axon development in the corpus callosum (CC) following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration, and if so, whether it is associated with disorder of synapse formation in the cerebral cortex and node of Ranvier. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats (1-day old) in the septic model group were intraperitoneally administrated with lipopolysaccharide (1 mg/kg) and then sacrificed for detection of IL-1β, interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R1), neurofilament-68, neurofilament-160, and neurofilament-200, proteolipid, synaptophysin, and postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95) expression by western blotting and immunofluorescence. Electron microscopy was conducted to observe alterations of axonal myelin sheath and synapses in the cortex, and proteolipid expression was assessed using in situ hybridization. The effect of IL-1β on neurofilament and synaptophysin expression in primary neuron cultures was determined by western blotting and immunofluorescence. P38-MAPK signaling pathway was investigated to determine whether it was involved in the inhibition of IL-1β on neurofilament and synaptophysin expression. RESULTS In 1-day old septic rats, IL-1β expression was increased in microglia coupled with upregulated expression of IL-1R1 on the axons. The expression of neurofilament-68, neurofilament-160, and neurofilament-200 (NFL, NFM, NFH) and proteolipid (PLP) was markedly reduced in the CC at 7, 14, and 28 days after LPS administration. Simultaneously, cortical synapses and mature oligodendrocytes were significantly reduced. By electron microscopy, some axons showed smaller diameter and thinner myelin sheath with damaged ultrastructure of node of Ranvier compared with the control rats. In the cerebral cortex of LPS-injected rats, some axo-dendritic synapses appeared abnormal looking as manifested by the presence of swollen and clumping of synaptic vesicles near the presynaptic membrane. In primary cultured neurons incubated with IL-1β, expression of NFL, NFM, and synaptophysin was significantly downregulated. Furthermore, p38-MAPK signaling pathway was implicated in disorder of axon development and synaptic deficit caused by IL-1β treatment. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that microglia-derived IL-1β might suppress axon development through activation of p38-MAPK signaling pathway that would contribute to formation disorder of cortical synapses and node of Ranvier following LPS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianpeng Han
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yueyang First People’s Hospital, Yueyang, 414000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiongyu Lin
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Peixian Huang
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515063 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Chen
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515063 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Anatomy, Basic medical school of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Fu
- Department of Anatomy, Basic medical school of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaoru He
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengcai Shen
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515063 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongke Zeng
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiyu Deng
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
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Qiu XY, Sun L, Han XL, Chang Y, Cheng L, Yin LR. Alarmin high mobility group box-1 in maternal serum as a potential biomarker of chorioamnionitis-associated preterm birth. Gynecol Endocrinol 2017; 33:128-131. [PMID: 27684473 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2016.1214260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chorioamnionitis is associated with an increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum levels of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) in pregnancies with histological chorioamnionitis (HCA)-associated preterm labor (PTL) with intact membranes or preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), and to access the role of serum HMGB1 in HCA and HCA-associated PTL. A total of 190 pregnant women were enrolled in this study: PLT patients with (n = 28) or without HCA (n = 36), PPROM patients with (n = 26) or without HCA (n = 65), and non-HCA PTL controls (n = 35). Maternal serum levels of HMGB1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum HMGB1 levels were significantly higher in PTL or PPROM patients than in control group (p < 0.01, respectively). The PPROM patients also exhibited higher serum HMGB1 levels compared to PTL patients (p = 0.015). HCA patients were characterized by significantly increased levels of serum HMGB1 when compared with non-HCA patients (p < 0.01). Therefore, maternal serum HMGB1 may become a potential biomarker of HCA and HCA-associated PTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yuan Qiu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China and
- b Department of Obstetrics , Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Sun
- b Department of Obstetrics , Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Ling Han
- b Department of Obstetrics , Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chang
- b Department of Obstetrics , Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Cheng
- b Department of Obstetrics , Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Rong Yin
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China and
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Xie D, Shen F, He S, Chen M, Han Q, Fang M, Zeng H, Chen C, Deng Y. IL-1β induces hypomyelination in the periventricular white matter through inhibition of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell maturation via FYN/MEK/ERK signaling pathway in septic neonatal rats. Glia 2016; 64:583-602. [PMID: 26678483 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation elicited by microglia plays a key role in periventricular white matter (PWM) damage (PWMD) induced by infectious exposure. This study aimed to determine if microglia-derived interleukin-1β (IL-1β) would induce hypomyelination through suppression of maturation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in the developing PWM. Sprague-Dawley rats (1-day old) were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 mg/kg) intraperitoneally, following which upregulated expression of IL-1β and IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1 ) was observed. This was coupled with enhanced apoptosis and suppressed proliferation of OPCs in the PWM. The number of PDGFR-α and NG2-positive OPCs was significantly decreased in the PWM at 24 h and 3 days after injection of LPS, whereas it was increased at 14 days and 28 days. The protein expression of Olig1, Olig2, and Nkx2.2 was significantly reduced, and mRNA expression of Tcf4 and Axin2 was upregulated in the developing PWM after LPS injection. The expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3"-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) was downregulated in the PWM at 14 days and 28 days after LPS injection; this was linked to reduction of the proportion of myelinated axons and thinner myelin sheath as revealed by electron microscopy. Primary cultured OPCs treated with IL-1β showed the failure of maturation and proliferation. Furthermore, FYN/MEK/ERK signaling pathway was involved in suppression of maturation of primary OPCs induced by IL-1β administration. Our results suggest that following LPS injection, microglia are activated and produce IL-1β in the PWM in the neonatal rats. Excess IL-1β inhibits the maturation of OPCs via suppression of FYN/MEK/ERK phosphorylation thereby leading to axonal hypomyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xie
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengcai Shen
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Shantou University Medical College (FCS), Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. 515063
| | - Shaoru He
- Department of Neonatology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Chen
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Shantou University Medical College (FCS), Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. 515063
| | - Qianpeng Han
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Fang
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongke Zeng
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunbo Chen
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyu Deng
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Ophelders DRMG, Gussenhoven R, Lammens M, Küsters B, Kemp MW, Newnham JP, Payne MS, Kallapur SG, Jobe AH, Zimmermann LJ, Kramer BW, Wolfs TGAM. Neuroinflammation and structural injury of the fetal ovine brain following intra-amniotic Candida albicans exposure. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:29. [PMID: 26842664 PMCID: PMC4739103 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0492-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intra-amniotic Candida albicans (C. Albicans) infection is associated with preterm birth and high morbidity and mortality rates. Survivors are prone to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. The mechanisms leading to these adverse neonatal brain outcomes remain largely unknown. To better understand the mechanisms underlying C. albicans-induced fetal brain injury, we studied immunological responses and structural changes of the fetal brain in a well-established translational ovine model of intra-amniotic C. albicans infection. In addition, we tested whether these potential adverse outcomes of the fetal brain were improved in utero by antifungal treatment with fluconazole. METHODS Pregnant ewes received an intra-amniotic injection of 10(7) colony-forming units C. albicans or saline (controls) at 3 or 5 days before preterm delivery at 0.8 of gestation (term ~ 150 days). Fetal intra-amniotic/intra-peritoneal injections of fluconazole or saline (controls) were administered 2 days after C. albicans exposure. Post mortem analyses for fungal burden, peripheral immune activation, neuroinflammation, and white matter/neuronal injury were performed to determine the effects of intra-amniotic C. albicans and fluconazole treatment. RESULTS Intra-amniotic exposure to C. albicans caused a severe systemic inflammatory response, illustrated by a robust increase of plasma interleukin-6 concentrations. Cerebrospinal fluid cultures were positive for C. albicans in the majority of the 3-day C. albicans-exposed animals whereas no positive cultures were present in the 5-day C. albicans-exposed and fluconazole-treated animals. Although C. albicans was not detected in the brain parenchyma, a neuroinflammatory response in the hippocampus and white matter was seen which was characterized by increased microglial and astrocyte activation. These neuroinflammatory changes were accompanied by structural white matter injury. Intra-amniotic fluconazole reduced fetal mortality but did not attenuate neuroinflammation and white matter injury. CONCLUSIONS Intra-amniotic C. albicans exposure provoked acute systemic and neuroinflammatory responses with concomitant white matter injury. Fluconazole treatment prevented systemic inflammation without attenuating cerebral inflammation and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan R M G Ophelders
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO box 5800, Maastricht, 6202 AZ, The Netherlands. .,School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands.
| | - Ruth Gussenhoven
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO box 5800, Maastricht, 6202 AZ, The Netherlands. .,School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands.
| | - Martin Lammens
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Benno Küsters
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO box 5800, Maastricht, 6202 AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Matthew W Kemp
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia (M550), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - John P Newnham
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia (M550), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Matthew S Payne
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia (M550), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Suhas G Kallapur
- Division of Neonatology/Pulmonary Biology, The Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH, 45208, USA.
| | - Allan H Jobe
- Division of Neonatology/Pulmonary Biology, The Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH, 45208, USA.
| | - Luc J Zimmermann
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO box 5800, Maastricht, 6202 AZ, The Netherlands. .,School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands.
| | - Boris W Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO box 5800, Maastricht, 6202 AZ, The Netherlands. .,School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands. .,School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands.
| | - Tim G A M Wolfs
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO box 5800, Maastricht, 6202 AZ, The Netherlands. .,School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands.
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van der Burg JW, Sen S, Chomitz VR, Seidell JC, Leviton A, Dammann O. The role of systemic inflammation linking maternal BMI to neurodevelopment in children. Pediatr Res 2016; 79:3-12. [PMID: 26375474 PMCID: PMC4888781 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Children of obese mothers are at increased risk of developmental adversities. Maternal obesity is linked to an inflammatory in utero environment, which, in turn, is associated with neurodevelopmental impairments in the offspring. This is an integrated mechanism review of animal and human literature related to the hypothesis that maternal obesity causes maternal and fetal inflammation, and that this inflammation adversely affects the neurodevelopment of children. We propose integrative models in which several aspects of inflammation are considered along the causative pathway linking maternal obesity with neurodevelopmental limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelske W. van der Burg
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarbattama Sen
- Department of Pediatrics and Mother Infant Research Institute, Floating Hospital for Children at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Virginia R. Chomitz
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jaap C. Seidell
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alan Leviton
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Olaf Dammann
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Leviton A, Allred EN, Kuban KC, O'Shea TM, Paneth N, Majzoub J. Brain disorders associated with corticotropin-releasing hormone expression in the placenta among children born before the 28th week of gestation. Acta Paediatr 2016; 105:e7-11. [PMID: 26331704 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the relationship between placenta corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) expression and brain structure and function abnormalities in extremely preterm newborns. METHODS In a sample of 1243 infants born before the 28th week of gestation, we evaluated the relationship between CRH expression in the placenta and the risk of brain ultrasound scan abnormalities identified while these infants were in the intensive care nursery, low scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II of 900 of these children at age two years and head circumference measurements then more than one and two standard deviations below the mean. RESULTS Infants who had a low placenta CRH messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) concentration were at increased risk of ventriculomegaly on an ultrasound scan. An elevated placenta CRH mRNA concentration was associated with increased risk of an inability to walk at age two years, and a Bayley Motor Scale 3 standard deviations below the mean. CONCLUSION Placenta CRH mRNA concentration appears to convey information about the risk of brain damage in the infant born at an extremely low gestational age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Leviton
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | | | - Karl C.K. Kuban
- Boston Medical Center; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston MA USA
| | | | - Nigel Paneth
- College of Human Medicine; Michigan State University; East Lansing MI USA
| | - Joseph Majzoub
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
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Jin SJ, Liu Y, Deng SH, Lin TL, Rashid A, Liao LH, Ning Q, Luo XP. Protective effects of activated protein C on neurovascular unit in a rat model of intrauterine infection-induced neonatal white matter injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 35:904-909. [PMID: 26670444 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-015-1526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Activated protein C (APC), a natural anticoagulant, has been reported to exert direct vasculoprotective, neural protective, anti-inflammatory, and proneurogenic activities in the central nervous system. This study was aimed to explore the neuroprotective effects and potential mechanisms of APC on the neurovascular unit of neonatal rats with intrauterine infection-induced white matter injury. Intraperitoneal injection of 300 μg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered consecutively to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats at embryonic days 19 and 20 to establish the rat model of intrauterine infection- induced white matter injury. Control rats were injected with an equivalent amount of sterile saline on the same time. APC at the dosage of 0.2 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected to neonatal rats immediately after birth. Brain tissues were collected at postnatal day 7 and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate myelin basic protein (MBP) expression in the periventricular white matter region. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and brain water content were measured using Evens Blue dye and wet/dry weight method. Double immunofluorescence staining and real-time quantitative PCR were performed to detect microglial activation and the expression of protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1). Typical pathological changes of white matter injury were observed in rat brains exposed to LPS, and MBP expression in the periventricular region was significantly decreased. BBB was disrupted and the brain water content was increased. Microglia were largely activated and the mRNA and protein levels of PAR1 were elevated. APC administration ameliorated the pathological lesions of the white matter and increased MBP expression. BBB permeability and brain water content were reduced. Microglia activation was inhibited and the PAR1 mRNA and protein expression levels were both down-regulated. Our results suggested that APC exerted neuroprotective effects on multiple components of the neurovascular unit in neonatal rats with intrauterine infection- induced white matter injury, and the underlying mechanisms might involve decreased expression of PAR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Juan Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shi-Hua Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Tu-Lian Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Abid Rashid
- Department of Pediatrics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Li-Hong Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qin Ning
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Revello R, Alcaide MJ, Dudzik D, Abehsera D, Bartha JL. Differential amniotic fluid cytokine profile in women with chorioamnionitis with and without funisitis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015; 29:2161-5. [PMID: 26372455 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1077512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether the amniotic fluid (AF) cytokine profile in women with chorioamnionitis may differentiate between those with and without funisitis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Forty women at high risk of chorioamnionitis were studied. Gestational age at study was 26.94. Amniocentesis, universal and specific polymerase chain reaction, and microbiological cultures were performed. AF IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL 8, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and MMP-8 were measured by multiplex assay. After delivery, the placenta and umbilical cord were studied histologically. Comparisons were made between three groups: controls, and chorioamnionitis with and without funisitis. RESULTS In 25 cases, the histological findings were normal (61.5%). The remaining 15 composed of 9 cases of chorioamnionitis alone (9/40; 23.1%) and 6 cases of chorioamnionitis plus funisitis (6/40; 15.4%). All AF cytokine levels were significantly higher in the cases with chorioamnionitis in comparison to controls, except for IFN-gamma. The comparisons between the three groups showed significant differences between chorioamnionitis alone and chorioamnionitis plus funisitis in IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-8, and TNF-alpha, with the levels being higher when funisitis was present. Logistic regression found a powerful predictive model for funisitis including the following cytokinesIL-4, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-8. CONCLUSIONS Measurements of AF interleukins 4, 10, 12, and 8 allow to identify cases with funisitisin women at high risk of chorioamnionitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Revello
- a Division of Maternal and Foetal Medicine , University Hospital La Paz , Madrid , Spain
| | - Maria Jose Alcaide
- b Department of Clinical Chemistry , University Hospital La Paz , Madrid , Spain
| | - Danuta Dudzik
- c CEMBIO (Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis), Universidad San Pablo CEU University, Pharmacy Faculty , Madrid , Spain , and.,d Department of Pharmacology , Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok , Poland
| | - Daniel Abehsera
- a Division of Maternal and Foetal Medicine , University Hospital La Paz , Madrid , Spain
| | - Jose L Bartha
- a Division of Maternal and Foetal Medicine , University Hospital La Paz , Madrid , Spain
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Intra-Amniotic LPS Induced Region-Specific Changes in Presynaptic Bouton Densities in the Ovine Fetal Brain. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:276029. [PMID: 26417592 PMCID: PMC4568354 DOI: 10.1155/2015/276029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rationale. Chorioamnionitis has been associated with increased risk for fetal brain damage. Although, it is now accepted that synaptic dysfunction might be responsible for functional deficits, synaptic densities/numbers after a fetal inflammatory challenge have not been studied in different regions yet. Therefore, we tested in this study the hypothesis that LPS-induced chorioamnionitis caused profound changes in synaptic densities in different regions of the fetal sheep brain. Material and Methods. Chorioamnionitis was induced by a 10 mg intra-amniotic LPS injection at two different exposure intervals. The fetal brain was studied at 125 days of gestation (term = 150 days) either 2 (LPS2D group) or 14 days (LPS14D group) after LPS or saline injection (control group). Synaptophysin immunohistochemistry was used to quantify the presynaptic density in layers 2-3 and 5-6 of the motor cortex, somatosensory cortex, entorhinal cortex, and piriforme cortex, in the nucleus caudatus and putamen and in CA1/2, CA3, and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Results. There was a significant reduction in presynaptic bouton densities in layers 2-3 and 5-6 of the motor cortex and in layers 2-3 of the entorhinal and the somatosensory cortex, in the nucleus caudate and putamen and the CA1/2 and CA3 of the hippocampus in the LPS2D compared to control animals. Only in the motor cortex and putamen, the presynaptic density was significantly decreased in the LPS14 D compared to the control group. No changes were found in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the piriforme cortex. Conclusion. We demonstrated that LPS-induced chorioamnionitis caused a decreased density in presynaptic boutons in different areas in the fetal brain. These synaptic changes seemed to be region-specific, with some regions being more affected than others, and seemed to be transient in some regions.
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Pugni L, Pietrasanta C, Acaia B, Merlo D, Ronchi A, Ossola MW, Bosari S, Mosca F. Chorioamnionitis and neonatal outcome in preterm infants: a clinical overview. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015; 29:1525-9. [PMID: 26135227 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1053862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Pugni
- a Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health , NICU
| | | | | | - Daniela Merlo
- c Department of Pathophysiology and Organ Transplantation, Division of Pathology , Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Andrea Ronchi
- a Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health , NICU
| | | | - Silvano Bosari
- c Department of Pathophysiology and Organ Transplantation, Division of Pathology , Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Fabio Mosca
- a Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health , NICU
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Lei J, Firdaus W, Rosenzweig JM, Alrebh S, Bakhshwin A, Borbiev T, Fatemi A, Blakemore K, Johnston MV, Burd I. Murine model: maternal administration of stem cells for prevention of prematurity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 212:639.e1-10. [PMID: 25555657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using a mouse model of intrauterine inflammation, we have demonstrated that exposure to inflammation induces preterm birth and perinatal brain injury. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to exhibit immunomodulatory effects in many inflammatory conditions. We hypothesized that treatment with human adipose tissue-derived MSCs may decrease the rate of preterm birth and perinatal brain injury through changes in antiinflammatory and regulatory milieu. STUDY DESIGN A mouse model of intrauterine inflammation was used with the following groups: (1) control; (2) intrauterine inflammation (lipopolysaccharide); and (3) intrauterine lipopolysaccharide+intraperitoneal (MSCs). Preterm birth was investigated. Luminex multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed for protein levels of cytokines in maternal and fetal compartments. Immunofluorescent staining was used to identify and localize MSCs and to examine microglial morphologic condition and neurotoxicity in perinatal brain. Behavioral testing was performed at postnatal day 5. RESULTS Pretreatment with MSCs significantly decreased the rate of preterm birth by 21% compared with the lipopolysaccharide group (P<.01). Pretreatment was associated with increased interleukin-10 in maternal serum, increased interleukin-4 in placenta, decreased interleukin-6 in fetal brain (P<.05), decreased microglial activation (P<.05), and decreased fetal neurotoxicity (P<.05). These findings were associated with improved neurobehavioral testing at postnatal day 5 (P<.05). Injected MSCs were localized to placenta. CONCLUSION Maternally administered MSCs appear to modulate maternal and fetal immune response to intrauterine inflammation in the model and decrease preterm birth, perinatal brain injury, and motor deficits in offspring mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lei
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Wance Firdaus
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jason M Rosenzweig
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Shorouq Alrebh
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ahmed Bakhshwin
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Talaibek Borbiev
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ali Fatemi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; The Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - Karin Blakemore
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael V Johnston
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; The Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - Irina Burd
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; The Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD.
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Jin SJ, Liu Y, Deng SH, Liao LH, Lin TL, Ning Q, Luo XP. Neuroprotective effects of activated protein C on intrauterine inflammation-induced neonatal white matter injury are associated with the downregulation of fibrinogen-like protein 2/fibroleukin prothrombinase and the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:1199-212. [PMID: 25777531 PMCID: PMC4380123 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal intrauterine inflammation or infection is an important risk factor for neonatal cerebral white matter injury (WMI) and future neurological deficits. Activated protein C (APC), a natural anticoagulant, has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, profibrinolytic and cytoprotective activities. Recent studies have demonstrated that the novel prothrombinase, fibrinogen-like protein 2 (fgl2), contributes to the pathogenesis of a number of inflammatory diseases through the generation of fibrin. Thus, we hypothesized that APC may regulate coagulant and inflammatory processes and improve brain injury in an experimental rat model of intrauterine inflammation-induced WMI. The animal model was established by the administration of an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats on embryonic day (E)17 and E18. APC was administered intraperitoneally 30 min after the second LPS injection. The expression of fgl2 and the pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β expression in the placentas and fetal brains was determined on E19. Nerve cell death, the brain water content and protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 expression was detected in the fetal brains. WMI in the neonatal rat brains was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry for myelin basic protein (MBP). The results revealed that APC markedly reduced the LPS-induced increase in fgl2 expression and fibrin deposition, as well as the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, in the placentas and fetal brains. In addition, APC attenuated cerebral apoptosis and brain edema, downregulated PAR1 and NF-κB p65 expression in the fetal brains, and improved hypomyelination and structural disturbances in the periventricular area of the neonatal rat brains. Our observations provide evidence that APC attenuates fetal neuroinflammation and the associated secondary WMI in the developing brain by inhibiting the expression of fgl2 and pro-inflammatory mediators, suggesting that APC may be a potential therapeutic approach for intrauterine inflammation-induced neonatal brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Juan Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Hua Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hong Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Tu-Lian Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Qin Ning
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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Jantzie LL, Robinson S. Preclinical Models of Encephalopathy of Prematurity. Dev Neurosci 2015; 37:277-88. [PMID: 25722056 DOI: 10.1159/000371721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Encephalopathy of prematurity (EoP) encompasses the central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities associated with injury from preterm birth. Although rapid progress is being made, limited understanding exists of how cellular and molecular CNS injury from early birth manifests as the myriad of neurological deficits in children who are born preterm. More importantly, this lack of direct insight into the pathogenesis of these deficits hinders both our ability to diagnose those infants who are at risk in real time and could potentially benefit from treatment and our ability to develop more effective interventions. Current barriers to clarifying the pathophysiology, developmental trajectory, injury timing, and evolution include preclinical animal models that only partially recapitulate the molecular, cellular, histological, and functional abnormalities observed in the mature CNS following EoP. Inflammation from hypoxic-ischemic and/or infectious injury induced in utero in lower mammals, or actual prenatal delivery of more phylogenetically advanced mammals, are likely to be the most clinically relevant EOP models, facilitating translation to benefit infants. Injury timing, type, severity, and pathophysiology need to be optimized to address the specific hypothesis being tested. Functional assays of the mature animal following perinatal injury to mimic EoP should ideally test for the array of neurological deficits commonly observed in preterm infants, including gait, seizure threshold and cognitive and behavioral abnormalities. Here, we review the merits of various preclinical models, identify gaps in knowledge that warrant further study and consider challenges that animal researchers may face in embarking on these studies. While no one model system is perfect, insights relevant to the clinical problem can be gained with interpretation of experimental results within the context of inherent limitations of the chosen model system. Collectively, optimal use of multiple models will address a major challenge facing the field today - to identify the type and severity of CNS injury these vulnerable infants suffer in a safe and timely manner, such that emerging neurointerventions can be tailored to specifically address individual reparative needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L Jantzie
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, N. Mex., USA
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Fetal optimization during maternal sepsis: relevance and response of the obstetric anesthesiologist. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2014; 27:259-66. [PMID: 24709666 DOI: 10.1097/aco.0000000000000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In many labor and delivery units, the obstetric anesthesiologist is often responsible for managing and stabilizing the acutely septic parturient. The management of maternal sepsis has been summarized previously; this study will focus on the implications of maternal sepsis on the fetus, and ways to optimize fetal outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Although the complex pathophysiology of sepsis is being better understood, the incidence of maternal severe sepsis and deaths continues to increase. The differential sensitivities of systemic and uterine vasculature to catecholamines during pregnancy and the role of fetal inflammatory responses have recently been further elucidated. Additional investigations on methods of fetal monitoring are needed to assist in early identification of the compromised fetus. Despite decades of research, management of a septic parturient and her fetus, including the most appropriate resuscitation fluids, vasopressors and hemodynamic monitoring systems to maximize maternal and fetal outcomes, remain controversial. SUMMARY In the setting of maternal sepsis, fetal optimization is frequently best accomplished by meeting maternal hemodynamic, oxygenization, and infection treatment goals. Understanding the circulatory and pathophysiologic changes that occur within the uteroplacental unit and fetus is essential to identifying and resolving potential conflicts between maternal and fetal management goals.
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Impact of duration of rupture of membranes on outcomes of premature infants. J Perinatol 2014; 34:669-72. [PMID: 24762412 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2014.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary aim of the study was to determine how the risk of adverse outcomes was related to the duration of the latency period and gestational age at birth following preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes (PPROM). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review of infants discharged from 330 neonatal intensive care units. We defined four subgroups based on gestational age: 23 to 25, 26 to 28, 29 to 31 and 32 to 34 weeks. Each gestational age group was evaluated by duration of ROM: <24 h, 1 to 7 days, 8 to 14 days, 15 to 21 days, 21 to 28 days and >28 days and compared with a referent group (PPROM of >24 h but <7 days). RESULT In all, 239 808 non-anomalous infants 23 to 34 weeks' gestational age were identified; 37 233 (15.5%) had rupture of membranes (ROM) >24 h. Compared with a reference group (PPROM of >24 h but <7 days), the risk of mortality for PPROM of 8 to 14, 15 to 21 and 21 to 28 days varied depending on gestational age at birth. Only PPROM >28 days was consistently associated with increased mortality and decreased likelihood of survival without morbidity in all gestational age subgroups. CONCLUSION PPROM for >28 days is associated with an increased risk of death and morbidity.
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Donovan SM, Wang M, Monaco MH, Martin CR, Davidson LA, Ivanov I, Chapkin RS. Noninvasive molecular fingerprinting of host-microbiome interactions in neonates. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:4112-9. [PMID: 25042036 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The early postnatal period is a critical window for intestinal and immune maturation. Intestinal development and microbiome diversity and composition differ between breast- (BF) and formula-fed (FF) infants. Mechanistic examination into host-microbe relationships in healthy infants has been hindered by ethical constraints surrounding tissue biopsies. Thus, a statistically rigorous analytical framework to simultaneously examine both host and microbial responses to dietary/environmental factors using exfoliated intestinal epithelial cells was developed. Differential expression of ∼1200 genes, including genes regulating intestinal proliferation, differentiation and barrier function, was observed between BF and FF term infants. Canonical correlation analysis uncovered a relationship between microbiome virulence genes and host immunity and defense genes. Lastly, exfoliated cells from preterm and term infants were compared. Pathways associated with immune cell function and inflammation were up-regulated in preterm, whereas cell growth-related genes were up-regulated in the term infants. Thus, coordinate measurement of the transcriptomes of exfoliated epithelial cells and microbiome allows inquiry into mutualistic host-microbe interactions in the infant, which can be used to prospectively study gut development or, retrospectively, to identify potential triggers of disease in banked samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Marcia H Monaco
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Camilia R Martin
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Laurie A Davidson
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science and Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA; Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science and Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA; Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science and Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA; Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA
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Maternal or neonatal infection: association with neonatal encephalopathy outcomes. Pediatr Res 2014; 76:93-9. [PMID: 24713817 PMCID: PMC4062582 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2014.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal infection may potentiate brain injury among children born preterm. The objective of this study was to examine whether maternal and/or neonatal infection are associated with adverse outcomes among term neonates with encephalopathy. METHODS This study is a cohort study of 258 term newborns with encephalopathy whose clinical records were examined for signs of maternal infection (chorioamnionitis) and infant infection (sepsis). Multivariate regression was used to assess associations between infection, pattern, and severity of injury on neonatal magnetic resonance imaging, as well as neurodevelopment at 30 mo (neuromotor examination, or Bayley Scales of Infant Development, second edition mental development index <70 or Bayley Scales of Infant Development, third edition cognitive score <85). RESULTS Chorioamnionitis was associated with lower risk of moderate-severe brain injury (adjusted odds ratio: 0.3; 95% confidence interval: 0.1-0.7; P = 0.004) and adverse cognitive outcome in children when compared with no chorioamnionitis. Children with signs of neonatal sepsis were more likely to exhibit watershed predominant injury than those without (P = 0.007). CONCLUSION Among neonates with encephalopathy, chorioamnionitis was associated with a lower risk of brain injury and adverse outcomes, whereas signs of neonatal sepsis carried an elevated risk. The etiology of encephalopathy and timing of infection and its associated inflammatory response may influence whether infection potentiates or mitigates injury in term newborns.
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Neonatal systemic inflammation in rats alters retinal vessel development and simulates pathologic features of retinopathy of prematurity. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:87. [PMID: 24886524 PMCID: PMC4030274 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alteration of retinal angiogenesis during development leads to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm infants, which is a leading cause of visual impairment in children. A number of clinical studies have reported higher rates of ROP in infants who had perinatal infections or inflammation, suggesting that exposure of the developing retina to inflammation may disturb retinal vessel development. Thus, we investigated the effects of systemic inflammation on retinal vessel development and retinal inflammation in neonatal rats. Methods To induce systemic inflammation, we intraperitoneally injected 100 μl lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.25 mg/ml) or the same volume of normal saline in rat pups on postnatal days 1, 3, and 5. The retinas were extracted on postnatal days 7 and 14, and subjected to assays for retinal vessels, inflammatory cells and molecules, and apoptosis. Results We found that intraperitoneal injection of LPS impaired retinal vessel development by decreasing vessel extension, reducing capillary density, and inducing localized overgrowth of abnormal retinal vessels and dilated peripheral vascular ridge, all of which are characteristic findings of ROP. Also, a large number of CD11c+ inflammatory cells and astrocytes were localized in the lesion of abnormal vessels. Further analysis revealed that the number of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class IIloCD68loCD11bloCD11chi cells in the retina was higher in LPS-treated rats compared to controls. Similarly, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-12a were increased in LPS-treated retina. Also, apoptosis was increased in the inner retinal layer where retinal vessels are located. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that systemic LPS-induced inflammation elicits retinal inflammation and impairs retinal angiogenesis in neonatal rats, implicating perinatal inflammation in the pathogenesis of ROP.
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Chau V, McFadden DE, Poskitt KJ, Miller SP. Chorioamnionitis in the pathogenesis of brain injury in preterm infants. Clin Perinatol 2014; 41:83-103. [PMID: 24524448 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chorioamnionitis (or placental infection) is suspected to be a risk factor for brain injury in premature infants. The suggested association between chorioamnionitis and cystic periventricular leukomalacia and cerebral palsy is uncertain because of the variability of study designs and definitions of chorioamnionitis. Improvements in neonatal intensive care may have attenuated the impact of chorioamnionitis on brain health outcomes. Large multicenter studies using rigorous definitions of chorioamnionitis on placental pathologies and quantitative magnetic resonance techniques may offer the optimal way to clarify the complex role of chorioamnionitis in modifying brain health and long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vann Chau
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Pediatrics, 563 Spadina Crescent, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2J7, Canada; Child & Family Research Institute, 950 28th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada.
| | - Deborah E McFadden
- Child & Family Research Institute, 950 28th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada; Department of Pathology, BC Children's & Women's Health Center, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3V4, Canada; University of British Columbia, Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology and Radiology, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kenneth J Poskitt
- Child & Family Research Institute, 950 28th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada; University of British Columbia, Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology and Radiology, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada; Departments of Pediatrics and Radiology, BC Children's & Women's Health Center, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Steven P Miller
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada; Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, Research Institute, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Pediatrics, 563 Spadina Crescent, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2J7, Canada; Child & Family Research Institute, 950 28th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada
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Liu F, Mccullough LD. Inflammatory responses in hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:1121-30. [PMID: 23892271 PMCID: PMC3764334 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a critical role in mediating brain injury induced by neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The mechanisms underlying inflammatory responses to ischemia may be shared by neonatal and adult brains; however, HIE exhibits a unique inflammation phenotype that results from the immaturity of the neonatal immune system. This review will discuss the current knowledge concerning systemic and local inflammatory responses in the acute and subacute stages of HIE. The key components of inflammation, including immune cells, adhesion molecules, cytokines, chemokines and oxidative stress, will be reviewed, and the differences between neonatal and adult inflammatory responses to cerebral ischemic injury will also be discussed.
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Lee J, Romero R, Chaiworapongsa T, Dong Z, Tarca AL, Xu Y, Chiang PJ, Kusanovic JP, Hassan SS, Yeo L, Yoon BH, Than NG, Kim CJ. Characterization of the fetal blood transcriptome and proteome in maternal anti-fetal rejection: evidence of a distinct and novel type of human fetal systemic inflammatory response. Am J Reprod Immunol 2013; 70:265-84. [PMID: 23905683 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human fetus is able to mount a systemic inflammatory response when exposed to microorganisms. This stereotypic response has been termed the 'fetal inflammatory response syndrome' (FIRS), defined as an elevation of fetal plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6). FIRS is frequently observed in patients whose preterm deliveries are associated with intra-amniotic infection, acute inflammatory lesions of the placenta, and a high rate of neonatal morbidity. Recently, a novel form of fetal systemic inflammation, characterized by an elevation of fetal plasma CXCL10, has been identified in patients with placental lesions consistent with 'maternal anti-fetal rejection'. These lesions include chronic chorioamnionitis, plasma cell deciduitis, and villitis of unknown etiology. In addition, positivity for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) panel-reactive antibodies (PRA) in maternal sera can also be used to increase the index of suspicion for maternal anti-fetal rejection. The purpose of this study was to determine (i) the frequency of pathologic lesions consistent with maternal anti-fetal rejection in term and spontaneous preterm births; (ii) the fetal serum concentration of CXCL10 in patients with and without evidence of maternal anti-fetal rejection; and (iii) the fetal blood transcriptome and proteome in cases with a fetal inflammatory response associated with maternal anti-fetal rejection. METHOD OF STUDY Maternal and fetal sera were obtained from normal term (n = 150) and spontaneous preterm births (n = 150). A fetal inflammatory response associated with maternal anti-fetal rejection was diagnosed when the patients met two or more of the following criteria: (i) presence of chronic placental inflammation; (ii) ≥80% of maternal HLA class I PRA positivity; and (iii) fetal serum CXCL10 concentration >75th percentile. Maternal HLA PRA was analyzed by flow cytometry. The concentrations of fetal CXCL10 and IL-6 were determined by ELISA. Transcriptome analysis was undertaken after the extraction of total RNA from white blood cells with a whole-genome DASL assay. Proteomic analysis of fetal serum was conducted by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis. Differential gene expression was considered significant when there was a P < 0.01 and a fold-change >1.5. RESULTS (i) The frequency of placental lesions consistent with maternal anti-fetal rejection was higher in patients with preterm deliveries than in those with term deliveries (56% versus 32%; P < 0.001); (ii) patients with spontaneous preterm births had a higher rate of maternal HLA PRA class I positivity than those who delivered at term (50% versus 32%; P = 0.002); (iii) fetuses born to mothers with positive maternal HLA PRA results had a higher median serum CXCL10 concentration than those with negative HLA PRA results (P < 0.001); (iv) the median serum CXCL10 concentration (but not IL-6) was higher in fetuses with placental lesions associated with maternal anti-fetal rejection than those without such lesions (P < 0.001); (v) a whole-genome DASL assay of fetal blood RNA demonstrated differential expression of 128 genes between fetuses with and without lesions associated with maternal anti-fetal rejection; and (vi) comparison of the fetal serum proteome demonstrated 20 proteins whose abundance differed between fetuses with and without lesions associated with maternal anti-fetal rejection. CONCLUSION We describe a systemic inflammatory response in human fetuses born to mothers with evidence of maternal anti-fetal rejection. The transcriptome and proteome of this novel type of fetal inflammatory response were different from that of FIRS type I (which is associated with acute infection/inflammation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonho Lee
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, Detroit, MI, USA
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