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Le Gal AS, Georges JY, Sotin C, Charrière B, Verneau O. Morphological variations and demographic responses of the Mediterranean pond turtle Mauremys leprosa to heterogeneous aquatic habitats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172077. [PMID: 38569955 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Human activities affect terrestrial and aquatic habitats leading to changes at both individual and population levels in wild animal species. In this study, we investigated the phenotype and demographics of the Mediterranean pond turtle Mauremys leprosa (Schweigger, 1812) in contrasted environments of Southern France: two peri-urban rivers receiving effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), and another one without sewage treatment plant. Our findings revealed the presence of pesticides and pharmaceuticals in the three rivers of investigation, the highest diversities and concentrations of pollutants being found in the river subsections impacted by WWTP effluents. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering identified three levels of habitat quality, with different pollutant concentrations, thermal conditions, nutrient, and organic matter levels. The highest turtle densities, growth rates, and body sizes were estimated in the most disturbed habitats, suggesting potential adult benefits derived from harsh environmental conditions induced by pollution and eutrophication. Conversely, juveniles were the most abundant in the least polluted habitats, suggesting adverse effects of pollution on juvenile survival or adult reproduction. This study suggests that turtles living in polluted habitats may benefit from enhanced growth and body size, at the expense of reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Le Gal
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, F-66860 Perpignan cedex, France; CNRS, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, F-66860 Perpignan cedex, France; Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Jean-Yves Georges
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christine Sotin
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, F-66860 Perpignan cedex, France; CNRS, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, F-66860 Perpignan cedex, France
| | - Bruno Charrière
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, F-66860 Perpignan cedex, France; CNRS, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, F-66860 Perpignan cedex, France
| | - Olivier Verneau
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, F-66860 Perpignan cedex, France; CNRS, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, F-66860 Perpignan cedex, France; Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom campus, Private Bag X6001, 20520 Potchefstroom, South Africa
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de Morais Valentim JMB, Coradi C, Viana NP, Fagundes TR, Micheletti PL, Gaboardi SC, Fadel B, Pizzatti L, Candiotto LZP, Panis C. Glyphosate as a Food Contaminant: Main Sources, Detection Levels, and Implications for Human and Public Health. Foods 2024; 13:1697. [PMID: 38890925 PMCID: PMC11171990 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum pesticide that has become the most widely used herbicide globally. However, concerns have risen regarding its potential health impacts due to food contamination. Studies have detected glyphosate in human blood and urine samples, indicating human exposure and its persistence in the organism. A growing body of literature has reported the health risks concerning glyphosate exposure, suggesting that the daily intake of contaminated food and water poses a public health concern. Furthermore, countries with high glyphosate usage and lenient regulations regarding food and water contamination may face more severe consequences. In this context, in this review, we examined the literature regarding food contamination by glyphosate, discussed its detection methods, and highlighted its risks to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Coradi
- Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Francisco Beltrão 85605-010, Brazil; (C.C.); (N.P.V.); (P.L.M.); (S.C.G.); (L.Z.P.C.)
| | - Natália Prudêncio Viana
- Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Francisco Beltrão 85605-010, Brazil; (C.C.); (N.P.V.); (P.L.M.); (S.C.G.); (L.Z.P.C.)
| | - Tatiane Renata Fagundes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná (UENP), Bandeirantes 86360-000, Brazil;
| | - Pâmela Lonardoni Micheletti
- Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Francisco Beltrão 85605-010, Brazil; (C.C.); (N.P.V.); (P.L.M.); (S.C.G.); (L.Z.P.C.)
| | - Shaiane Carla Gaboardi
- Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Francisco Beltrão 85605-010, Brazil; (C.C.); (N.P.V.); (P.L.M.); (S.C.G.); (L.Z.P.C.)
- Instituto Federal Catarinense, Blumenau 89070-270, Brazil
| | - Bruna Fadel
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Proteômica do Sangue, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IQ-UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil; (B.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Luciana Pizzatti
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Proteômica do Sangue, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IQ-UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil; (B.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Luciano Zanetti Pessoa Candiotto
- Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Francisco Beltrão 85605-010, Brazil; (C.C.); (N.P.V.); (P.L.M.); (S.C.G.); (L.Z.P.C.)
| | - Carolina Panis
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil;
- Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Francisco Beltrão 85605-010, Brazil; (C.C.); (N.P.V.); (P.L.M.); (S.C.G.); (L.Z.P.C.)
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Sun H, He Z, Gao Y, Yang Y, Wang Y, Gu A, Xu J, Quan Y, Yang Y. Polyoxyethylene tallow amine and glyphosate exert different developmental toxicities on human pluripotent stem cells-derived heart organoid model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170675. [PMID: 38316312 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The early stage of heart development is highly susceptible to various environmental factors. While the use of animal models has aided in identifying numerous environmental risk factors, the variability between species and the low throughput limit their translational potential. Recently, a type of self-assembling cardiac structures, known as human heart organoids (hHOs), exhibits a remarkable biological consistency with human heart. However, the feasibility of hHOs for assessing cardiac developmental risk factors remains unexplored. Here, we focused on the cardiac developmental effects of core components of Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs), the most widely used herbicides, to evaluate the reliability of hHOs for the prediction of possible cardiogenesis toxicity. GBHs have been proven toxic to cardiac development based on multiple animal models, with the mechanism remaining unknown. We found that polyoxyethylene tallow amine (POEA), the most common surfactant in GBHs formulations, played a dominant role in GBHs' heart developmental toxicity. Though there were a few differences in transcriptive features, hHOs exposed to sole POEA and combined POEA and Glyphosate would suffer from both disruption of heart contraction and disturbance of commitment in cardiomyocyte isoforms. By contrast, Glyphosate only caused mild epicardial hyperplasia. This study not only sheds light on the toxic mechanism of GBHs, but also serves as a methodological demonstration, showcasing its effectiveness in recognizing and evaluating environmental risk factors, and deciphering toxic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhazheng He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yao Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yanhan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yachang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Aihua Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yingyi Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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da Silva PR, Borges-Martins M, Oliveira GT. Impacts of isolated or mixed Roundup® Original DI and Boral® 500 SC herbicides on the survival and metamorphosis of Melanophryniscus admirabilis tadpoles. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 264:106715. [PMID: 37820410 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The bufonid species Melanophryniscus admirabilis is restricted to a single location in the southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Although the site of occurrence of M. admirabilis is covered with native forest and it is not directly exposed to pesticides application, the area is surrounded by agricultural activity. Our objectives were to evaluate possible alterations in morphological parameters (body mass, snout-vent length, and body index), metamorphosis (time to reach Gosner stages 42, 46 and to complete metamorphosis), and survival of M. admirabilis exposed to isolated Roundup® Original DI (R1: 234 and R2: 2340 µg.L-1 of glyphosate) and Boral® 500 SC, (B1: 130 and B2: 980 µg.L-1 of sulfentrazone) or mixed (R1+B1, R2+B1, R1+B2, R2+B2). Spawns of M. admirabilis were collected in natural lakes in the municipality of Arvorezinha and taken to laboratory cultivation. After the tadpoles acquired free swimming, the animals were acclimated for five days and fed ad libitum. The aquariums were contaminated with herbicides on the sixth day of cultivation, and the animals stayed in these aquariums for four days. Afterwards, the tadpoles were transferred to aquariums with clean water and monitored until metamorphosis (Gosner stage 46), when they were weighed, measured (snout-cloacal length) and cryoeuthanized. We observed no alterations in morphological parameters; however, survival was reduced in exposed groups (mortality index: 71 % in R2 and 29-64 % in mixed groups), suggesting energy allocation for metamorphosis at the expense of survival. Boral did not alter metamorphosis time. Roundup isolated and mixed with Boral altered the timing of Gosner stages 42 and 46 and reduced metamorphosis time, suggesting endocrine disruption. Thus, monitoring the presence and limiting the use of these pesticides in the area where M. admirabilis occurs can be crucial for conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Rodrigues da Silva
- Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Morphological Sciences Department, Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Evolution of Biodiversity, School of Health Sciences and Life, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Ipiranga ave. 6681 Building 12 C, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Márcio Borges-Martins
- Herpetology Laboratory, Zoology Department, Postgraduate Program in Animal Biology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Guendalina Turcato Oliveira
- Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Morphological Sciences Department, Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Evolution of Biodiversity, School of Health Sciences and Life, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Ipiranga ave. 6681 Building 12 C, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Mikó Z, Hettyey A. Toxicity of POEA-containing glyphosate-based herbicides to amphibians is mainly due to the surfactant, not to the active ingredient. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:150-159. [PMID: 36680666 PMCID: PMC10008773 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Current international legislation regarding agrochemicals requires thorough toxicological testing mainly of the active ingredients. In a 96-h acute toxicity test we exposed Rana dalmatina and Bufo bufo tadpoles to either one of three concentrations of glyphosate, three concentrations of the surfactant (POEA), three concentrations of the two components together, or to non-contaminated water (control), and subsequently assessed mortality and body mass. To investigate whether simultaneous exposure to another stress factor influences effects of the contaminants, we performed tests both in the presence or absence of predator chemical cues. We found that the surfactant had significant harmful effects on tadpoles; survival was lowered by the highest concentration of the surfactant in case of R. dalmatina, while in B. bufo tadpoles it reduced survival already at medium concentrations. Body mass was significantly influenced by medium and high surfactant concentrations in both species. The presence of glyphosate did not have a significant effect by itself, but it slightly increased mortality in tadpoles exposed to medium concentrations of the surfactant in both species. The presence of chemical cues did not have an effect on the examined variables. Our study confirms that the toxicity of glyphosate-based herbicides is mainly due to the examined surfactant. Nonetheless, we found that glyphosate can enhance the harmful effect of the surfactant. These results stress that during the authorization process of new pesticide formulations, not only the active ingredients would need to be examined but the excipients should also be taken into account in an obligatory and systematic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsanett Mikó
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Herman Ottó út 15, Budapest, 1022, Hungary.
| | - Attila Hettyey
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Herman Ottó út 15, Budapest, 1022, Hungary
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Bone AJ, Brewer L, Habig C, Levine SL, Moore DRJ, Plautz S. Utility of the avian sub-acute dietary toxicity test in ecological risk assessment and a path forward to reduce animal use. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2022; 18:1629-1638. [PMID: 35088517 PMCID: PMC9790753 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has long required both avian sub-acute dietary and acute oral studies to inform risk assessments for pesticides. Recently, the USEPA collaborated with People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals to determine whether the results of the acute oral avian toxicity test or the sub-acute dietary toxicity test consistently generated the greatest risk predictions in USEPA tier 1 assessments for pesticides first registered between 1998 and 2017. Their study concluded that in 99% of the cases, risk conclusions were driven by the acute oral study (OPPTS 850.2100, OCSPP 850.2100, or similar) because using these data results in higher risk quotients than sub-acute dietary data. Shortly after publishing these results, the USEPA released a formal memorandum providing guidance for waiving the sub-acute dietary study for most pesticides. The USEPA will, however, retain the option to require sub-acute dietary studies for pesticides with certain chemical properties. However, as the avian sub-acute dietary study has an exposure regimen that is often more representative of how birds are exposed to pesticides under actual use conditions than does the acute oral study (i.e., as part of a dietary item eaten over the course of a day and not a bolus dose), this study can provide useful context for risk assessment on a case-by-case basis. Decision criteria are needed to determine a path forward that both minimizes vertebrate animal testing and positions the avian sub-acute dietary data as an option for risk refinement. Decision criteria are proposed here with recommendations for refining the design of avian sub-acute dietary studies to ensure that the data generated are optimized to support a science-based acute avian risk assessment, supported by a case study demonstrating when and how sub-acute dietary studies may be used in a higher-tier risk assessment. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1629-1638. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larry Brewer
- Compliance Services InternationalLakewoodWashingtonUSA
| | - Cliff Habig
- Compliance Services InternationalLakewoodWashingtonUSA
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Almaviva S, Artuso F, Giardina I, Lai A, Pasquo A. Fast Detection of Different Water Contaminants by Raman Spectroscopy and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22218338. [PMID: 36366036 PMCID: PMC9655218 DOI: 10.3390/s22218338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Fast monitoring of water quality is a fundamental part of environmental management and protection, in particular, the possibility of qualitatively and quantitatively determining its contamination at levels that are dangerous for human health, fauna and flora. Among the techniques currently available, Raman spectroscopy and its variant, Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS), have several advantages, including no need for sample preparation, quick and easy operation and the ability to operate on the field. This article describes the application of the Raman and SERS technique to liquid samples contaminated with different classes of substances, including nitrates, phosphates, pesticides and their metabolites. The technique was also used for the detection of the air pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and, in particular, benzo(a)pyrene, considered as a reference for the carcinogenicity of the whole class of these compounds. To pre-concentrate the analytes, we applied a methodology based on the well-known coffee-ring effect, which ensures preconcentration of the analytes without any pretreatment of the sample, providing a versatile approach for fast and in-situ detection of water pollutants. The obtained results allowed us to reveal these analytes at low concentrations, close to or lower than their regulatory limits.
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Estienne A, Fréville M, Bourdon G, Ramé C, Delaveau J, Rat C, Chahnamian M, Brionne A, Chartrin P, Adriensen H, Lecompte F, Froment P, Dupont J. Chronic dietary exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide results in reversible increase early embryo mortality in chicken. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113741. [PMID: 35679729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (Gly) is the active molecule of non-selective herbicides used in conventional agriculture. Some evidence shows that exposure to Glyphosate-Based Herbicides (GBH) can affect both male and female fertility in animal models. However, few data exist on birds that can be easily exposed through their cereal-based diet. To our knowledge, there are no current studies on the effects of chronic dietary exposure to GBH and the potential reversibility on the fertility and embryo development in chickens. In our protocol, hens (32 weeks-old) were exposed to GBH (47 mg kg-1/day-1 glyphosate equivalent corresponding to half of the No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (NOAEL) as defined by European Food Safety Authority in birds, GBH group (GBH), n = 75) or not (Control group (CT), n = 75) for 6 weeks. Then, both CT and GBH groups were fed for 5 more weeks without GBH exposure. During these two periods, we investigated the consequences on the egg performance and quality, fertilization rate, embryo development, and viability of offspring. Despite the accumulation of Gly and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in the hen blood plasma, the body weight and laying rate were similar in GBH and CT animals. We observed from the 4th day of exposure an accumulation of Gly (but not AMPA) only in the yolk of the eggs produced by the exposed hens. After artificial insemination of the hens followed by eggs incubation, we showed a strong significant early embryonic mortality level in GBH compared to CT animals (78 ± 2 % vs 2.5 ± 0.3 %, p < 0.0001) with embryo death mainly occurring on the third day of incubation. By using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tools, we noted a significant delay in the embryo development of GBH survivors at 15 days with a reduction by half of the embryo volume and some disturbances in the calculated volumes of the embryonic annexes. At 20 days of incubation, we showed a reduction in the length of the tibia and in the volume of the soft tissues whereas the skeleton volume was increased in GBH chicks. The vast majority of these phenotypes disappeared two weeks after an arrest of the GBH maternal dietary exposure. Taken together, the dietary chronic exposure of broiler hens to GBH at a Gly equivalent concentration lower than NOAEL induces an accumulation of Gly in the egg yolk resulting in severe early embryonic mortality and a delayed embryonic development in survivors that were abolished two weeks after the end of GBH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Estienne
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly 37380, France
| | - Mathias Fréville
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly 37380, France
| | | | - Christelle Ramé
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly 37380, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hans Adriensen
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly 37380, France
| | | | - Pascal Froment
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly 37380, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly 37380, France.
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Lares BA, Vignatti AM, Echaniz SA, Gutiérrez MF. Effects of glyphosate on cladocera: A synthetic review. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 249:106232. [PMID: 35809430 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] is currently the most widely used herbicide worldwide. Its application in agricultural and urban areas can lead to the dispersion and arrival to aquatic systems causing environmental deterioration with detrimental effects on the inhabiting biota. This is triggered not only by the herbicide per se but also its metabolite aminomethyl-phosphonic acid (AMPA), which can be highly toxic to many aquatic organisms. Water fleas are some of the key components in aquatic food webs, being one of the most sensitive groups to pollutants. Although being often used in standardized toxicity tests, they are comparatively less studied in relation to glyphosate exposition. Here we examine the current scientific literature regarding the acute and sublethal toxicity of glyphosate in the Cladocera taxonomic group, with special comparisons between the active ingredient (A.I) and formulations. Our results document a high variation in the lethal concentrations reported for different cladoceran species, due to the high diversity of products used in the toxicity tests. Most articles accounting for sublethal effects were performed on the standard Daphnia magna species. Reproduction, including decreased fecundity and delayed age of first reproduction, is usually one of the most severely affected individual traits. Although still scarce, studies documenting metabolic and genetic alterations might provide accurate information on the mechanisms of action of the herbicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsabé Ailén Lares
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina.
| | - Alicia María Vignatti
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Santiago Andrés Echaniz
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - María Florencia Gutiérrez
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología, CONICET-UNL, Paraje El Pozo, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina; Escuela Superior de Sanidad "Dr. Ramón Carrillo" (FBCB-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Overview of Environmental and Health Effects Related to Glyphosate Usage. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14116868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Since the introduction of glyphosate (N-(phosphomethyl) glycine) in 1974, it has been the most used nonselective and broad-spectrum herbicide around the world. The widespread use of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides is due to their low-cost efficiency in killing weeds, their rapid absorption by plants, and the general mistaken perception of their low toxicity to the environment and living organisms. As a consequence of the intensive use and accumulation of glyphosate and its derivatives on environmental sources, major concerns about the harmful side effects of glyphosate and its metabolites on human, plant, and animal health, and for water and soil quality, are emerging. Glyphosate can reach water bodies by soil leaching, runoff, and sometimes by the direct application of some approved formulations. Moreover, glyphosate can reach nontarget plants by different mechanisms, such as spray application, release through the tissue of treated plants, and dead tissue from weeds. As a consequence of this nontarget exposure, glyphosate residues are being detected in the food chains of diverse products, such as bread, cereal products, wheat, vegetable oil, fruit juice, beer, wine, honey, eggs, and others. The World Health Organization reclassified glyphosate as probably carcinogenic to humans in 2015 by the IARC. Thus, many review articles concerning different glyphosate-related aspects have been published recently. The risks, disagreements, and concerns regarding glyphosate usage have led to a general controversy about whether glyphosate should be banned, restricted, or promoted. Thus, this review article makes an overview of the basis for scientists, regulatory agencies, and the public in general, with consideration to the facts on and recommendations for the future of glyphosate usage.
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Kurtzweil ML, Bleeke MS, Shepard MR. Environmental fate studies with 14C-polyoxyethylene tallow amine (POE-T) to characterize environmental exposure and inform environmental risk assessments. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133578. [PMID: 35074324 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyoxyethylene tallow amine (POE-T) is a member of the polyoxyethylene alkylamine (POEA) class of nonionic surfactants and is a component of some glyphosate-based formulations. The presence of POE-T improves foliar uptake of glyphosate in weeds, thereby reducing the amount of glyphosate needed for weed control. To further characterize the environmental fate of POE-T, aerobic soil degradation, hydrolysis, adsorption/desorption, and aerobic aquatic degradation studies were conducted according to U.S. EPA and OECD pesticide regulatory testing guidelines. POE-T labeled with carbon-14 was used in the studies to aid in analysis, assess mineralization to CO2, and allow for mass balance determinations. The aerobic soil half-lives (DT50) for POE-T ranged from 20 to 166 days with DT50 values increasing with increasing soil percent organic carbon (OC). POE-T was hydrolytically stable at pH 4-9. POE-T adsorbed strongly to soil (KFocads = 17,600-114,000) with sorption generally increasing as soil percent OC increased. The aerobic aquatic (water-sediment) system DT50s for POE-T were 14-29 days, with POE-T dissipating from the water column with DT50s of 0.10-0.12 days through metabolism and adsorption to sediment. Based on these results, aquatic organisms are unlikely to be exposed to POE -T in the water column for more than a few hours following waterborne exposure and sediment is a significant sink for POE-T in aquatic systems. However, bioavailability of POE-T in sediment and soil is predicted to be low based on strong adsorption and it is not readily desorbed.
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Cosemans C, Van Larebeke N, Janssen BG, Martens DS, Baeyens W, Bruckers L, Den Hond E, Coertjens D, Nelen V, Schoeters G, Hoppe HW, Wolfs E, Smeets K, Nawrot TS, Plusquin M. Glyphosate and AMPA exposure in relation to markers of biological aging in an adult population-based study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 240:113895. [PMID: 34883335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Glyphosate, a broad-spectrum herbicide, and its main metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) are persistent in the environment. Studies showed associations between glyphosate or AMPA exposure and several adverse cellular processes, including metabolic alterations and oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between glyphosate and AMPA exposure and biomarkers of biological aging. METHODS We examined glyphosate and AMPA exposure, mtDNA content and leukocyte telomere length in 181 adults, included in the third cycle of the Flemish Environment and Health Study (FLEHSIII). DNA was isolated from leukocytes and the relative mtDNA content and telomere length were determined using qPCR. Urinary glyphosate and AMPA concentrations were measured by Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS-MS). We used multiple linear regression models to associate mtDNA content and leukocyte telomere length with glyphosate or AMPA exposure while adjusting for confounding variables. RESULTS A doubling in urinary AMPA concentration was associated with 5.19% (95% CI: 0.49 to 10.11; p = 0.03) longer leukocyte telomere length, while no association was observed with urinary glyphosate concentration. No association between mtDNA content and urinary glyphosate nor AMPA levels was observed. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that AMPA exposure may be associated with telomere biology in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Cosemans
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Van Larebeke
- Department of Radiotherapy and Experimental Cancerology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bram G Janssen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Dries S Martens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Willy Baeyens
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Bruckers
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | - Dries Coertjens
- Faculty of Social Sciences and IMDO, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vera Nelen
- Faculty of Social Sciences and IMDO, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Esther Wolfs
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Hasselt University, Belgium
| | - Karen Smeets
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; School of Public Health, Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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Serra L, Estienne A, Bourdon G, Ramé C, Chevaleyre C, Didier P, Chahnamian M, El Balkhi S, Froment P, Dupont J. Chronic Dietary Exposure of Roosters to a Glyphosate-Based Herbicide Increases Seminal Plasma Glyphosate and AMPA Concentrations, Alters Sperm Parameters, and Induces Metabolic Disorders in the Progeny. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9120318. [PMID: 34941753 PMCID: PMC8704617 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9120318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of chronic dietary Roundup (RU) exposure on rooster sperm parameters, fertility, and offspring are unknown. We investigated the effects of chronic RU dietary exposure (46.8 mg kg−1 day−1 glyphosate) for 5 weeks in 32-week-old roosters (n = 5 RU-exposed and n = 5 control (CT)). Although the concentrations of glyphosate and its main metabolite AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid) increased in blood plasma and seminal fluid during exposure, no significant differences in testis weight and sperm concentrations were observed between RU and CT roosters. However, sperm motility was significantly reduced, associated with decreased calcium and ATP concentrations in RU spermatozoa. Plasma testosterone and oestradiol concentrations increased in RU roosters. These negative effects ceased 14 days after RU removal from the diet. Epigenetic analysis showed a global DNA hypomethylation in RU roosters. After artificial insemination of hens (n = 40) with sperm from CT or RU roosters, eggs were collected and artificially incubated. Embryo viability did not differ, but chicks from RU roosters (n = 118) had a higher food consumption, body weight and subcutaneous adipose tissue content. Chronic dietary RU exposure in roosters reduces sperm motility and increases plasma testosterone levels, growth performance, and fattening in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïse Serra
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; (L.S.); (A.E.); (G.B.); (C.R.); (C.C.); (P.F.)
| | - Anthony Estienne
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; (L.S.); (A.E.); (G.B.); (C.R.); (C.C.); (P.F.)
| | - Guillaume Bourdon
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; (L.S.); (A.E.); (G.B.); (C.R.); (C.C.); (P.F.)
| | - Christelle Ramé
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; (L.S.); (A.E.); (G.B.); (C.R.); (C.C.); (P.F.)
| | - Claire Chevaleyre
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; (L.S.); (A.E.); (G.B.); (C.R.); (C.C.); (P.F.)
| | - Philippe Didier
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement—Unité Expérimentale du Pôle d’Expérimentation Avicole de Tours UEPEAT 1295, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; (P.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Marine Chahnamian
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement—Unité Expérimentale du Pôle d’Expérimentation Avicole de Tours UEPEAT 1295, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; (P.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Souleiman El Balkhi
- Service de Pharmacologie, Toxicologie et Pharmacovigilance, CHU, F-87042 Limoges, France;
| | - Pascal Froment
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; (L.S.); (A.E.); (G.B.); (C.R.); (C.C.); (P.F.)
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; (L.S.); (A.E.); (G.B.); (C.R.); (C.C.); (P.F.)
- Correspondence:
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Lopes A, Benvindo-Souza M, Carvalho WF, Nunes HF, de Lima PN, Costa MS, Benetti EJ, Guerra V, Saboia-Morais SMT, Santos CE, Simões K, Bastos RP, de Melo E Silva D. Evaluation of the genotoxic, mutagenic, and histopathological hepatic effects of polyoxyethylene amine (POEA) and glyphosate on Dendropsophus minutus tadpoles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117911. [PMID: 34365244 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides improve the productivity of a monoculture by eliminating weeds, although they may also be toxic and have negative effects on non-target organisms, such as amphibians. The present study evaluated the genotoxic, mutagenic, and histopathological hepatic responses of Dendropsophus minutus tadpoles to acute exposure (96 h) to the herbicide glyphosate (GLY, 65, 130, 260 and 520 μg/L) and the surfactant polyoxyethylene amine (POEA, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 μg/L). On average, 174 % more genomic damage was observed in the tadpoles exposed to all concentrations of POEA in comparison with the control, while up to seven times more micronuclei were recorded, on average, at a concentration of 5 μg/L of POEA. All the individuals exposed to 10 μg/L of POEA died. The tadpoles exposed to GLY presented 165 % more DNA damage than the control, on average, at the highest concentrations (260 and 520 μg/L), and up to six times more micronuclei at 520 μg/L. The Erythrocyte Nuclear Abnormality test (ENA) detected a relatively high frequency of cells with lobed nuclei in the tadpoles expose to POEA at 5 μg/L and binucleated cells in those exposed to GLY at 520 μg/L. The hepatic histopathological observations revealed several types of lesions in the tadpoles exposed to both GLY and POEA. Overall, then, the results of the study indicate that both GLY and POEA have potential genotoxic, mutagenic, and hepatotoxic effects in D. minutus tadpoles. We emphasize the need for further studies to monitor the amphibian populations, such as those of D. minutus, which breed in aquatic environments associated with agricultural areas. The release of pollutants into natural habitats may have significant long-term impacts on the survival of anuran tadpoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Lopes
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, ICB I - Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Marcelino Benvindo-Souza
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, ICB I - Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Wanessa Fernandes Carvalho
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, ICB I - Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Hugo Freire Nunes
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, ICB I - Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Phamella Neres de Lima
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, ICB III - Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Santos Costa
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, ICB III - Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Edson José Benetti
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, ICB III - Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Vinicius Guerra
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Center for Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco Campus, Rio Branco, Acre, CEP: 69915-900, Brazil.
| | - Simone Maria Teixeira Saboia-Morais
- Cell Behavior Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences IV - Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Carolina Emilia Santos
- Laboratory of Herpetology and Animal Behavior, Institute of Biological Sciences, ICB V - Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Karina Simões
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, ICB III - Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Rogério Pereira Bastos
- Laboratory of Herpetology and Animal Behavior, Institute of Biological Sciences, ICB V - Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Daniela de Melo E Silva
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, ICB I - Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74690-900, Brazil.
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Gutierrez-Villagomez JM, Patey G, To TA, Lefebvre-Raine M, Lara-Jacobo LR, Comte J, Klein B, Langlois VS. Frogs Respond to Commercial Formulations of the Biopesticide Bacillus thuringiensis var . israelensis, Especially Their Intestine Microbiota. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:12504-12516. [PMID: 34460233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is generally believed that Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) biopesticides are harmless to non-target organisms; however, new research shows controversial results. We exposed acutely and chronicallyLithobates sylvaticusandAnaxyrus americanus tadpoles until metamorphic climax to VectoBac 200G (granules) and VectoBac 1200L (aqueous suspension) at 300-20,000 ITU/L covering field-relevant concentrations and higher. The data show that the exposure parameters tested did not affect significantly the survival, total length, total weight, hepatosomatic index, gonadosomatic index, the expression of genes of interest (i.e., related to xenobiotic exposure, oxidative stress, and metamorphosis), and the intestine tissue layer detachment ofL. sylvaticusandA. americanus in a concentration-response pattern. In contrast, VectoBac 200G significantly increased the median time to metamorphosis ofL. sylvaticus tadpoles by up to 3.5 days and decreased the median by up to 1 day inA. americanus. VectoBac 1200L significantly increased the median time to metamorphosis ofL. sylvaticusandA. americanustadpoles by up to 4.5 days. Also, the exposure to VectoBac 200G and 1200L altered the intestine bacterial community composition inA. americanus at application rates recommended by the manufacturer, which led to an increase in the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. Changes in the intestine microbiota might impact the fitness of individuals, including the susceptibility to parasitic infections. Our results indicate that the effect of Bti commercial products is limited; however, we recommend that Bti-spraying activities in amphibian-rich ecosystems should be kept minimal until there is more conclusive research to assess if the changes in the time to metamorphosis and microbiota can lead to negative outcomes in amphibian populations and, eventually, the functioning of ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Géraldine Patey
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Québec City, Quebec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Tuan Anh To
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Québec City, Quebec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Molly Lefebvre-Raine
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Québec City, Quebec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Linda Ramona Lara-Jacobo
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Québec City, Quebec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Jérôme Comte
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Québec City, Quebec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Bert Klein
- Service des territoires fauniques et des habitats, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs (MFFP), Quebec City, Quebec G1S 4X4, Canada
| | - Valerie S Langlois
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Québec City, Quebec G1K 9A9, Canada
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16
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Effects of Silver Fir ( Abies alba Mill.) Needle Extract Produced via Hydrodynamic Cavitation on Seed Germination. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071399. [PMID: 34371601 PMCID: PMC8309281 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the antigerminant capacity of water extracts of silver fir needles created by means of hydrodynamic cavitation processes. Fir needles (2 kg fresh weight) collected in the winter were blended and crushed in ice, poured in water only (120 L) and processed in a controlled hydrodynamic cavitation device based on a fixed Venturi-shaped reactor. The A. alba water extract (AWE), comprising an oil-in-water emulsion of silver fir needles’ essential oil (100% AWE), was diluted in distilled water to 75% and 50% AWE, and all aqueous solutions were tested as antigerminant against four weeds and four horticultural species and compared to control (distilled water). This study shows the effective inhibitory effect of pure AWE on germination, which mainly contains limonene (15.99 ng/mL) and α-pinene (11.87 ng/mL). Seeds showed delayed germination and inhibition but also a reduction in radicle elongation in AWE treatments as compared to control. This combined effect was particularly evident in three weeds (C. canadensis, C. album and A. retrofllexus) while horticultural species showed mainly effects on the radicle elongation as found in L. sativa, P. crispum and S. lycospermum, which showed on average 58%, 32% and 28%, respectively, shorter radicles than in the control. P. sativum was not affected by AWE, thus raising the hypothesis that seed characteristics and nutrition reserve might play a role in the resistance to terpenes inhibitory effect.
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Dyck A, Robinson SA, Young SD, Renaud JB, Sabourin L, Lapen DR, Pick FR. The Effects of Ditch Management in Agroecosystems on Embryonic and Tadpole Survival, Growth, and Development of Northern Leopard Frogs (Lithobates pipiens). ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 81:107-122. [PMID: 33944964 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00836-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural drainage ditches help remove excess water from fields and provide habitat for wildlife. Drainage ditch management, which includes various forms of vegetation clearing and sediment dredging, can variably affect the ecological function of these systems. To determine whether ditch conditions following dredging/vegetation clearing management affected the survival, growth, and development of embryos and tadpoles of northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens), we conducted three field studies using in situ cages over 2 years. We measured nutrients, pesticides, and other water quality properties in vegetated/unmanaged (i.e., no clearing or dredging) and newly cleared/dredged (i.e., treeless, then dredged), clay-bottomed drainage ditches in a river basin in Eastern Ontario, Canada. Nutrients, atrazine, and total neonicotinoid concentrations were generally lower at the cleared/dredged sites, whereas glyphosate was at higher concentrations. In contrast, water-quality variables measured in situ, particularly temperature, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity, tended to be higher in the cleared/dredged sites. Total phosphorous and total organic carbon concentrations at all sites were above the recommended limits for amphibian assays. No significant differences were detected in the survival, hatching success, or development of embryos among the ditch management treatments, but premature hatching was observed at one vegetated/unmanaged site where high specific conductivity may have been formative. We found the cleared/dredged sites supported earlier tadpole growth and development, likely as a result of the higher water temperatures. Increased temperature may have offset other growth/development stressors, such as those related to water chemistry. However, the long-term consequences of these differences on amphibian populations requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Dyck
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stacey A Robinson
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada.
| | - Sarah D Young
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Justin B Renaud
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lyne Sabourin
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - David R Lapen
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Frances R Pick
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Yu H, Peng J, Cao X, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Qi W. Effects of microplastics and glyphosate on growth rate, morphological plasticity, photosynthesis, and oxidative stress in the aquatic species Salvinia cucullata. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 279:116900. [PMID: 33744626 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate and microplastics are widely found in marine, terrestrial, and freshwater environments due to their globally widespread application. Further, they have proved to have specific ecotoxicity effects on aquatic plants. However, few studies have focused on the effects of small plastic particles and glyphosate, or especially, their combined effect on vascular plants in freshwater ecosystems. This study aimed to conduct a simulated greenhouse experiment to investigate the ecotoxicity of polystyrene microplastics and glyphosate on the floating plant Salvinia cucullata by exposure to fluorescent polystyrene microplastics (1 μm; concentration, 3, 15, and 75 mg/L), glyphosate (5, 25, and 50 mg/L), and a mixture of the two (3 + 5, 15 + 25, and 75 + 50 mg/L) for seven days. Glyphosate significantly reduced the relative growth rate, photosynthetic capacity, and root activity of S. cucullata. Polystyrene microplastics did not significantly influence photosynthesis or leaf morphological characteristics but they significantly reduced relative growth rate and root activity in S. cucullata, indicating that the effects of microplastics on aquatic plants are potentially associated with different organs exposed to pollution. Polystyrene microplastics and glyphosate activated the plant antioxidant defense systems by increasing antioxidative enzyme activities including, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase to cope with oxidative stress. Synergistic effects (only observed in percent leaf yellowing) were observed when S. cucullata was exposed to a high concentrations (≥15 + 25 mg/L) of glyphosate and microplastics. Our results indicate that pervasive microplastics and herbicide contamination in freshwater may potentially affect the growth of aquatic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Yu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jianfeng Peng
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cao
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Weixiao Qi
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Ryzhkina IS, Murtazina LI, Kostina LA, Sharapova DA, Shevelev MD, Zainulgabidinov ER, Petrov AM, Konovalov AI. Interrelation of physicochemical, spectral, and biological properties of self-organized multi-component aqueous systems based on N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine in the low concentration range. Russ Chem Bull 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Rodríguez-Gil JL, Prosser RS, Duke SO, Solomon KR. Ecotoxicology of Glyphosate, Its Formulants, and Environmental Degradation Products. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 255:129-205. [PMID: 34104986 DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The chemical and biological properties of glyphosate are key to understanding its fate in the environment and potential risks to non-target organisms. Glyphosate is polar and water soluble and therefore does not bioaccumulate, biomagnify, or accumulate to high levels in the environment. It sorbs strongly to particles in soil and sediments and this reduces bioavailability so that exposures to non-target organisms in the environment are acute and decrease with half-lives in the order of hours to a few days. The target site for glyphosate is not known to be expressed in animals, which reduces the probability of toxicity and small risks. Technical glyphosate (acid or salts) is of low to moderate toxicity; however, when mixed with some formulants such as polyoxyethylene amines (POEAs), toxicity to aquatic animals increases about 15-fold on average. However, glyphosate and the formulants have different fates in the environment and they do not necessarily co-occur. Therefore, toxicity tests on formulated products in scenarios where they would not be used are unrealistic and of limited use for assessment of risk. Concentrations of glyphosate in surface water are generally low with minimal risk to aquatic organisms, including plants. Toxicity and risks to non-target terrestrial organisms other than plants treated directly are low and risks to terrestrial invertebrates and microbial processes in soil are very small. Formulations containing POEAs are not labeled for use over water but, because POEA rapidly partitions into sediment, risks to aquatic organisms from accidental over-sprays are reduced in shallow water bodies. We conclude that use of formulations of glyphosate under good agricultural practices presents a de minimis risk of direct and indirect adverse effects in non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Rodríguez-Gil
- IISD - Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Ryan S Prosser
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen O Duke
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Keith R Solomon
- Centre for Toxicology, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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21
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Jarrell ZR, Ahammad MU, Benson AP. Glyphosate-based herbicide formulations and reproductive toxicity in animals. Vet Anim Sci 2020; 10:100126. [PMID: 32734026 PMCID: PMC7386766 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2020.100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The adoption of genetically engineered (GE) crops in agriculture has increased dramatically over the last few decades. Among the transgenic plants, those tolerant to the herbicide glyphosate are among the most common. Weed resistance to glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) has been on the rise, leading to increased herbicide applications. This, in turn, has led to increased glyphosate residues in feed. Although glyphosate has been considered to be generally safe to animal health, recent studies have shown that GBHs have potential to cause adverse effects in animal reproduction, including disruption of key regulatory enzymes in androgen synthesis, alteration of serum levels of estrogen and testosterone, damage to reproductive tissues and impairment of gametogenesis. This review emphasizes known effects of GBHs on reproductive health as well as the potential risk GBH residues pose to animal agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muslah Uddin Ahammad
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Andrew Parks Benson
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
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Cheron M, Brischoux F. Aminomethylphosphonic acid alters amphibian embryonic development at environmental concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 190:109944. [PMID: 32771800 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite intense societal and scientific debates regarding glyphosate toxicity, it remains the most widely used herbicide. The primary metabolite of glyphosate, AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid), is the main contaminant detected in surface waters worldwide, both because of the extensive use of glyphosate and because of other widespread sources of AMPA (i.e., industrial detergents). Studies on potential effects of glyphosate using environmentally relevant concentrations of AMPA on non-target wildlife species are lacking. We experimentally tested the effects of AMPA on embryonic development in a common European toad at concentrations spanning the range found in natural water bodies (from 0.07 to 3.57 μg l-1). Our experimental concentrations of AMPA were 100-6000 times lower than official Predicted-No-Effect-Concentrations. We found that these low-level concentrations of AMPA decreased embryonic survival, increased development duration and influenced hatchling morphology. Response patterns were more complex than classical linear concentration-response relationships, as concentration responses were nonmonotonic, with greater effects at low-concentrations of AMPA than at high levels. Based on our results we recommend that investigators focus not only on effects of "parent compounds," but also their metabolites at environmentally relevant concentrations in order to comprehensively assess impacts of anthropogenic contaminants on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Cheron
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CEBC UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
| | - François Brischoux
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CEBC UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France.
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23
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Gattás F, Espinosa M, Babay P, Pizarro H, Cataldo D. Invasive species versus pollutants: Potential of Limnoperna fortunei to degrade glyphosate-based commercial formulations. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110794. [PMID: 32526590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The intensive use of glyphosate in industrial agriculture may lead to freshwater contamination, encouraging studies of its toxic effect on non-target aquatic organisms. Glyphosate-based commercial formulations contain adjuvants, making them even more toxic than the active ingredient (a.i.) itself. The golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei is a freshwater invasive species which has been found to increase glyphosate dissipation in water and to accelerate eutrophication. The aim of this study is to evaluate the capability of L. fortunei to reduce the concentration of glyphosate in two commercial formulations, Roundup Max® and Glifosato Atanor®. Results were compared with the decay of the a.i. alone and in presence of mussels. Evasive response and toxicity tests were performed in a first set of trials to analyze the response of L. fortunei exposed to Roundup Max® and Glifosato Atanor®. Subsequently, we conducted a 21-day degradation experiment in 2.6-L microcosms applying the following treatments: 6 mg L-1 of technical-grade glyphosate (G), Glifosato Atanor® (A), Roundup Max® (R), 20 mussels in dechlorinated tap water (M), and the combination of mussels and herbicide either in the technical-grade (MG) or formulated form (MA and MR) (all by triplicate). Samples were collected at days 0, 1, 7, 14 and 21. No significant differences in glyphosate decay were found between treatments with mussels (MG: 2.03 ± 0.40 mg L-1; MA: 1.60 ± 0.32 mg L-1; MR: 1.81 ± 0.21 mg L-1), between glyphosate as a.i. and the commercial formulations, and between the commercial formulations, suggesting that the adjuvants did not affect the degrading potential of L. fortunei. In addition to the acceleration of glyphosate dissipation in water, there was an increase in the concentration of dissolved nutrients in water (N-NH4+ and P-PO43-) even higher than that caused by the filtering activity of the mussels, probably resulting from stress or from the degradation of glyphosate and adjuvants. We believe that a larger bioavailability of these nutrients due to glyphosate metabolization mediated by mussels would accelerate eutrophication processes in natural water bodies. The approach used here, where L. fortunei was exposed to two commercial formulations actually used in agricultural practices, sheds light on the potential impact of glyphosate decay on water bodies invaded by this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Gattás
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (C1428EGA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Espinosa
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av. General Paz 1499 (1650), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola Babay
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av. General Paz 1499 (1650), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Haydée Pizarro
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (C1428EGA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Cataldo
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (C1428EGA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Meftaul IM, Venkateswarlu K, Dharmarajan R, Annamalai P, Asaduzzaman M, Parven A, Megharaj M. Controversies over human health and ecological impacts of glyphosate: Is it to be banned in modern agriculture? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114372. [PMID: 32203845 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate, introduced by Monsanto Company under the commercial name Roundup in 1974, became the extensively used herbicide worldwide in the last few decades. Glyphosate has excellent properties of fast sorption in soil, biodegradation and less toxicity to nontarget organisms. However, glyphosate has been reported to increase the risk of cancer, endocrine-disruption, celiac disease, autism, effect on erythrocytes, leaky-gut syndrome, etc. The reclassification of glyphosate in 2015 as 'probably carcinogenic' under Group 2A by the International Agency for Research on Cancer has been broadly circulated by anti-chemical and environmental advocacy groups claiming for restricted use or ban of glyphosate. In contrast, some comprehensive epidemiological studies involving farmers with long-time exposure to glyphosate in USA and elsewhere coupled with available toxicological data showed no correlation with any kind of carcinogenic or genotoxic threat to humans. Moreover, several investigations confirmed that the surfactant, polyethoxylated tallow amine (POEA), contained in the formulations of glyphosate like Roundup, is responsible for the established adverse impacts on human and ecological health. Subsequent to the evolution of genetically modified glyphosate-resistant crops and the extensive use of glyphosate over the last 45 years, about 38 weed species developed resistance to this herbicide. Consequently, its use in the recent years has been either restricted or banned in 20 countries. This critical review on glyphosate provides an overview of its behaviour, fate, detrimental impacts on ecological and human health, and the development of resistance in weeds and pathogens. Thus, the ultimate objective is to help the authorities and agencies concerned in resolving the existing controversies and in providing the necessary regulations for safer use of the herbicide. In our opinion, glyphosate can be judiciously used in agriculture with the inclusion of safer surfactants in commercial formulations sine POEA, which is toxic by itself is likely to increase the toxicity of glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Md Meftaul
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu 515003, India
| | - Rajarathnam Dharmarajan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Prasath Annamalai
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Md Asaduzzaman
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Pine Gully Road, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Aney Parven
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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25
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Trudeau VL, Thomson P, Zhang WS, Reynaud S, Navarro-Martin L, Langlois VS. Agrochemicals disrupt multiple endocrine axes in amphibians. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 513:110861. [PMID: 32450283 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Concern over global amphibian declines and possible links to agrochemical use has led to research on the endocrine disrupting actions of agrochemicals, such as fertilizers, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, herbicides, metals, and mixtures. Amphibians, like other species, have to partition resources for body maintenance, growth, and reproduction. Recent studies suggest that metabolic impairments induced by endocrine disrupting chemicals, and more particularly agrichemicals, may disrupt physiological constraints associated with these limited resources and could cause deleterious effects on growth and reproduction. Metabolic disruption has hardly been considered for amphibian species following agrichemical exposure. As for metamorphosis, the key thyroid hormone-dependent developmental phase for amphibians, it can either be advanced or delayed by agrichemicals with consequences for juvenile and adult health and survival. While numerous agrichemicals affect anuran sexual development, including sex reversal and intersex in several species, little is known about the mechanisms involved in dysregulation of the sex differentiation processes. Adult anurans display stereotypical male mating calls and female phonotaxis responses leading to successful amplexus and spawning. These are hormone-dependent behaviours at the foundation of reproductive success. Therefore, male vocalizations are highly ecologically-relevant and may be a non-invasive low-cost method for the assessment of endocrine disruption at the population level. While it is clear that agrochemicals disrupt multiple endocrine systems in frogs, very little has been uncovered regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms at the basis of these actions. This is surprising, given the importance of the frog models to our deep understanding of developmental biology and thyroid hormone action to understand human health. Several agrochemicals were found to have multiple endocrine effects at once (e.g., targeting both the thyroid and gonadal axes); therefore, the assessment of agrochemicals that alter cross-talk between hormonal systems must be further addressed. Given the diversity of life-history traits in Anura, Caudata, and the Gymnophiona, it is essential that studies on endocrine disruption expand to include the lesser known taxa. Research under ecologically-relevant conditions will also be paramount. Closer collaboration between molecular and cellular endocrinologists and ecotoxicologists and ecologists is thus recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vance L Trudeau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Paisley Thomson
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 de la Couronne, Québec (Québec), G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Wo Su Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Stéphane Reynaud
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR UGA-USMB-CNRS 5553, Université Grenoble Alpes, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble cedex 9, France.
| | - Laia Navarro-Martin
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Valérie S Langlois
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 de la Couronne, Québec (Québec), G1K 9A9, Canada.
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26
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Bolis A, Gazzola A, Pellitteri-Rosa D, Colombo A, Bonfanti P, Bellati A. Exposure during embryonic development to Roundup® Power 2.0 affects lateralization, level of activity and growth, but not defensive behaviour of marsh frog tadpoles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114395. [PMID: 32247902 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As glyphosate-based herbicides, sold under the commercial name Roundup®, represent the most used herbicides in the world, contamination of the freshwater environment by glyphosate has become a widespread issue. In Italy, glyphosate was detected in half of the surface waters monitoring sites and its concentrations were higher than environmental quality standards in 24.5% of them. It can last from days to months in water, leading to exposure for aquatic organisms and specifically to amphibians' larvae that develop in shallow water bodies with proven effects to development and behaviour. In this study, we tested the effects of a 96 h exposure during embryonic development of marsh frog's tadpoles to three ecologically relevant Roundup® Power 2.0 concentrations. As expected, given the low concentrations tested, no mortality was observed. Morphological measurements highlighted a reduction in the total length in tadpoles exposed to 7.6 mg a.e./L, while an increase was observed at lower concentrations of 0.7 and 3.1 mg a.e./L compared to control group. Tadpoles raised in 7.6 mg a.e./L also showed a smaller tail membrane than those raised in the control solution. Regarding behaviour, we tested tadpoles in two different sessions (Gosner stages 25 and 28/29) for lateralization, antipredator response and basal activity. Lower intensity of lateralization was detected in tadpoles raised at the highest Roundup® concentration in the first session of observation, while no significant difference among treatments was observed in the second one. In both sessions, effects of Roundup® Power 2.0 embryonic exposure on antipredator response, measured as the proportional change in activity after the injection of tadpole-fed predator (Anax imperator) cue, were not detected. Tadpoles exposed during embryonic development to Roundup® exhibited lower basal activity than the control group, with the strongest reduction for the 7.6 mg a.e./L treatment. Our results reinforce the concern of Roundup® contamination impact on amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bolis
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Andrea Gazzola
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Daniele Pellitteri-Rosa
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Anita Colombo
- Department of Environmental and Earth Sciences, Research Centre POLARIS, University of Milano Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Bonfanti
- Department of Environmental and Earth Sciences, Research Centre POLARIS, University of Milano Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy.
| | - Adriana Bellati
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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27
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Edge CB, Baker LF, Lanctôt CM, Melvin SD, Gahl MK, Kurban M, Navarro-Martín L, Kidd KA, Trudeau VL, Thompson DG, Mudge JF, Houlahan JE. Compensatory indirect effects of an herbicide on wetland communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 718:137254. [PMID: 32087583 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The direct effects of large-scale disturbances are readily studied because their effects are often apparent and result in large changes to ecosystems. Direct effects can cascade through the ecosystem, leading to indirect effects that are often subtle and difficult to detect. Managing anthropogenic disturbances, such as chemical contamination, requires an understanding of both direct and indirect effects to predict, measure, and characterize the impact. Using a replicated whole-ecosystem experiment and path analyses (assesses the effects of a set of variables on a specified outcome, similar to multiple regression), we examined the direct and indirect effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide and nutrient enrichment on wetland communities. The latter did not impact any measured endpoints. The strongest drivers of macrophyte, benthic invertebrate, and amphibian assemblages were the ephemerality and the size of wetlands, factors which were not altered by herbicide applications. The herbicide had a direct negative effect on macrophyte cover, amphibian larval abundance, and the proportion of predatory benthic invertebrates. However, both amphibians and invertebrates were positively affected by the reduction in the macrophyte cover caused by the herbicide applications. The opposing directions of the direct and indirect effects lead to no net change in either group. The compensatory dynamics observed herein highlight the need for a better understanding of indirect effects pathways to determine whether common anthropogenic disturbances alter the ecological communities in small wetland ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Edge
- Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Atlantic Forestry Centre, New Brunswick, Canada.
| | - Leanne F Baker
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chantal M Lanctôt
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Steven D Melvin
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Megan K Gahl
- College of Natural Sciences, Minerva Schools at KGI, CA, USA
| | | | - Laia Navarro-Martín
- Institute of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karen A Kidd
- Department of Biology and School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada; Biology Department, University of New Brunswick Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Vance L Trudeau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dean G Thompson
- Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph F Mudge
- The Co-operators General Insurance Company, Business Intelligence, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeff E Houlahan
- Department of Biology and School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
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Slaby S, Titran P, Marchand G, Hanotel J, Lescuyer A, Leprêtre A, Bodart JF, Marin M, Lemiere S. Effects of glyphosate and a commercial formulation Roundup® exposures on maturation of Xenopus laevis oocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:3697-3705. [PMID: 30835066 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04596-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are often found at high concentrations in small ponds near agricultural field where amphibians are used to live and reproduce. Even if there are many studies on the impacts of phytopharmaceutical active ingredients in amphibian toxicology, only a few are interested in the earlier steps of their life cycle. While their populations are highly threatened with extinction. The aim of this work is to characterize the effects of glyphosate and its commercial formulation Roundup® GT Max on the Xenopus laevis oocyte maturation which is an essential preparation for the laying and the fertilization. Glyphosate is an extensively used herbicide, not only known for its effectiveness but also for its indirect impacts on non-target organisms. Our results showed that exposures to both forms of glyphosate delayed this hormone-dependent process and were responsible for spontaneous maturation. Severe and particular morphogenesis abnormalities of the meiotic spindle were also observed. The MAPK pathway and the MPF did not seem to be affected by exposures. The xenopus oocyte is particularly affected by the exposures and appears as a relevant model for assessing the effects of environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Slaby
- CNRS, INRA, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- URAFPA, Unité de Recherche Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, University de Lorraine, INRA, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, F-54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Nancy, France
- EA 4515-LGCgE-Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, Cité scientifique, SN3, University Lille, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Pauline Titran
- CNRS, INRA, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Marchand
- CNRS, INRA, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Julie Hanotel
- CNRS, INRA, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Arlette Lescuyer
- CNRS, INRA, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Alain Leprêtre
- EA 4515-LGCgE-Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, Cité scientifique, SN3, University Lille, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Jean-François Bodart
- CNRS, INRA, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Matthieu Marin
- CNRS, INRA, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Lemiere
- EA 4515-LGCgE-Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, Cité scientifique, SN3, University Lille, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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29
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Turhan DÖ, Güngördü A, Ozmen M. Developmental and lethal effects of glyphosate and a glyphosate-based product on Xenopus laevis embryos and tadpoles. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:173-179. [PMID: 31932905 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02774-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Effects of pure glyphosate and a glyphosate-based product were evaluated comparatively using two embryonic development stages of Xenopus laevis as model system. When pure glyphosate was applied in pH adjusted media, lethal or developmental effects were not observed at concentrations up to 500 mg L-1. The 96 h LC50 values for the commercial herbicide, in contrast, were 32.1 and 35.1 mg active ingredient L-1 for embryos and tadpoles, respectively. Since pure glyphosate has no effect on the selected biomarkers, it is thought that developmental toxic effects caused by glyphosate-based products are increased mainly due to formulation additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Özhan Turhan
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Abbas Güngördü
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Murat Ozmen
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
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Bednářová A, Kropf M, Krishnan N. The surfactant polyethoxylated tallowamine (POEA) reduces lifespan and inhibits fecundity in Drosophila melanogaster- In vivo and in vitro study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 188:109883. [PMID: 31704328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to develop an understanding of the role of adjuvants in a popular glyphosate-based herbicide - Roundup® Concentrate Plus (RCP), on non-target organisms, the effects of pure glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine], RCP and a non-ionic surfactant - polyethoxylated tallowamine (POEA) were studied in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Acute exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of RCP (15 μg/mL) and POEA (45 μg/mL) reduced (p < 0.001) lifespan of female flies compared to untreated controls or glyphosate (100 μg/mL). Negative geotaxis responses in female flies were reduced (p < 0.05) following acute exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of RCP and POEA whereas glyphosate did not significantly affect this response compared to untreated flies. Acute exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of RCP and POEA elevated (p < 0.05) protein carbonyl levels while markedly (p < 0.01) inhibiting carbonyl reductase activity whereas glyphosate treatment did not significantly affect protein carbonyl levels or carbonyl reductase activity. Fecundity was reduced (p < 0.05) following exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of RCP and POEA whereas glyphosate did not affect fecundity. In vitro treatment of ovarian stem sheath (OSS) cells with sub-lethal concentrations of RCP and POEA revealed decreased cell viability and enhanced caspase activity indicative of pro-apoptotic processes after 48 h compared to untreated controls. Glyphosate however was non-toxic at the concentration used. The results suggest that RCP and the surfactant POEA are more toxic than pure glyphosate and inhibit fecundity in Drosophila by impairing cell viability through enhanced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bednářová
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budĕjovice, Czech Republic
| | - Maximillian Kropf
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budĕjovice, Czech Republic
| | - Natraj Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
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31
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Schweizer M, Brilisauer K, Triebskorn R, Forchhammer K, Köhler HR. How glyphosate and its associated acidity affect early development in zebrafish ( Danio rerio). PeerJ 2019; 7:e7094. [PMID: 31249735 PMCID: PMC6589083 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyphosate is among the most extensively used pesticides worldwide. Following the ongoing highly controversial debate on this compound, its potential impact on non-target organisms is a fundamental scientific issue. In its pure compound form, glyphosate is known for its acidic properties. METHODS We exposed zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos to concentrations between 10 μM and 10 mM glyphosate in an unbuffered aqueous medium, as well as at pH 7, for 96 hours post fertilization (hpf). Furthermore, we investigated the effects of aqueous media in the range of pH 3 to 8, in comparison with 1 mM glyphosate treatment at the respective pH levels. Additionally, we exposed zebrafish to 7-deoxy-sedoheptulose (7dSh), another substance that interferes with the shikimate pathway by a mechanism analogous to that of glyphosate, at a concentration of one mM. The observed endpoints included mortality, the hatching rate, developmental delays at 24 hpf, the heart rate at 48 hpf and the malformation rate at 96 hpf. LC10/50, EC10 and, if reasonable, EC50 values were determined for unbuffered glyphosate. RESULTS The results revealed high mortalities in all treatments associated with low pH, including high concentrations of unbuffered glyphosate (>500 μM), low pH controls and glyphosate treatments with pH < 3.4. Sublethal endpoints like developmental delays and malformations occurred mainly at higher concentrations of unbuffered glyphosate. In contrast, effects on the hatching rate became particularly prominent in treatments at pH 7, showing that glyphosate significantly accelerates hatching compared with the control and 7dSh, even at the lowest tested concentration. Glyphosate also affected the heart rate, resulting in alterations both at pH 7 and, even more pronounced, in the unbuffered system. In higher concentrations, glyphosate tended to accelerate the heart rate in zebrafish embryos, again, when not masked by the decelerating influence of its low pH. At pH > 4, no mortality occurred, neither in the control nor in glyphosate treatments. At 1 mM, 7dSh did not induce any mortality, developmental delays or malformations; only slightly accelerated hatching and a decelerated heart rate were observed. Our results demonstrate that lethal impacts in zebrafish embryos can be attributed mainly to low pH, but we could also show a pH-independent effect of glyphosate on the development of zebrafish embryos on a sublethal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Schweizer
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Animal Physiological Ecology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Brilisauer
- Microbiology, Organismic Interactions, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rita Triebskorn
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Animal Physiological Ecology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Steinbeis Transfer-Center for Ecotoxicology and Ecophysiology, Rottenburg am Neckar, Germany
| | - Karl Forchhammer
- Microbiology, Organismic Interactions, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heinz-R. Köhler
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Animal Physiological Ecology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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32
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Carvalho WF, Ruiz de Arcaute C, Pérez-Iglesias JM, Laborde MRR, Soloneski S, Larramendy ML. DNA damage exerted by mixtures of commercial formulations of glyphosate and imazethapyr herbicides in Rhinella arenarum (Anura, Bufonidae) tadpoles. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:367-377. [PMID: 30826955 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) and imazethapyr (IMZT) are two herbicides commonly used worldwide, either alone or in mixtures. They represent key pesticides in modern agricultural management. The toxicity that results when employed as mixtures has not been characterized so far. Acute toxicity of the 48% GLY-based herbicide (GBH) Credit® and the 10.59% IMZT-based herbicide (IBH) Pivot® H alone and their binary combinations was analyzed in Rhinella arenarum tadpoles exposed in a semi-static renewal test. Lethal effects were determined using mortality as the end-point, whereas sublethal effects were determined employing the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) bioassay. Based on mortality experiments, results revealed LC5096 h values of 78.18 mg/L GBH and 0.99 mg/L IBH for Credit® and Pivot® H, respectively. An increase in the genetic damage index (GDI) was found after exposure to Credit® or Pivot® H at 5 and 10% of LC5096 h values. The combinations of 5% Credit®-5% Pivot® H LC5096 h and 10% Credit®-10% Pivot® H LC5096 h concentrations significantly enhanced the GDI in comparison with tadpoles exposed only to Credit® or Pivot® H. Thus, the effect of interaction between GBH and IBH inducing DNA damage in R. arenarum blood cells can be considered to be synergistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa F Carvalho
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Celeste Ruiz de Arcaute
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Pérez-Iglesias
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Milagros R R Laborde
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
- Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia Soloneski
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo L Larramendy
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, La Plata, 1900, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Tush D, Maksimowicz MM, Meyer MT. Dissipation of polyoxyethylene tallow amine (POEA) and glyphosate in an agricultural field and their co-occurrence on streambed sediments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:212-219. [PMID: 29704716 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The environmental fate of polyoxyethylene tallow amine (POEA), an additive in glyphosate herbicide formulations, has not been studied. This study examined the dissipation of POEA; glyphosate; and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), a degradation product of glyphosate, in the top 45 cm of soil from an agricultural field where glyphosate was applied. The concentration of these compounds was also analyzed in bed sediment samples from watersheds in agricultural and urban areas from six states (Georgia, Hawaii, Iowa, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina). The field studies show that POEA, glyphosate, and AMPA persist on the soil from planting season to planting season but dissipate over time with little migration into deeper soil. POEA, glyphosate, and AMPA were found on the bed sediment samples in urban and agricultural watersheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tush
- Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey, Lawrence, Kansas 66049, United States; Chemistry Department, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States.
| | - Megan M Maksimowicz
- Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey, Lawrence, Kansas 66049, United States
| | - Michael T Meyer
- Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey, Lawrence, Kansas 66049, United States
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Ruiz de Arcaute C, Soloneski S, Larramendy ML. Opposite effects of mixtures of commercial formulations of glyphosate with auxinic herbicides on the ten spotted live-bearer fish Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Pisces, Poeciliidae). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 240:858-866. [PMID: 29787976 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the acute toxicity of the 48% glyphosate (GLY)-based Credit®, the 57.71% dicamba (DIC)-based Kamba®, and the 83.5% 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)-based Weedar® Full, alone and as mixtures on the fish Cnesterodon decemmaculatus. Mortality revealed the LC50 96h values of 91.73 mg L-1 (range: 86.80-98.00 mg L-1), 1401.57 mg L-1 (range: 1243.78-1527.35) and 678.04 mg L-1 (range: 639.35-718.04 mg L-1) for GLY, DIC and 2,4-D, respectively. Mean values for the toxic unit (TU) that induced 50% mortality (TU50 96h) of fish exposed to equitoxic mixtures were 1.67 (range: 1.65-1.69) for Credit® and Kamba® and 1.28 (range: 1.20-1.36) for Credit® and Weedar® Full suggesting that both mixtures are antagonic. Non-equitoxic combinations demonstrated an antagonistic interaction of herbicides Credit® and Kamba®, whereas a synergistic effect was observed for Credit® and Weedar® Full formulations. GLY and DIC as a mixture demonstrated lower toxicity on non-target species compared to GLY and 2,4-D in combination, at least for C. decemmaculatus, leading to the conclusion that the former combination could be strongly recommended in further agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ruiz de Arcaute
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nº 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - S Soloneski
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nº 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - M L Larramendy
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nº 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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35
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Bach NC, Marino DJG, Natale GS, Somoza GM. Effects of glyphosate and its commercial formulation, Roundup ® Ultramax, on liver histology of tadpoles of the neotropical frog, Leptodactylus latrans (amphibia: Anura). CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 202:289-297. [PMID: 29573614 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, the agricultural expansion has led to an increased use of pesticides, with glyphosate as the most widely used worldwide. This is also the situation in Argentina, where glyphosate formulations are the most commercialized herbicides. It is known that glyphosate formulations are much more toxic than the active ingredient, and this difference in toxicity can be attributed to the adjuvants present in the formula. In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare sub-lethal histological effects of the glyphosate formulation Roundup Ultramax and glyphosate active ingredient on Leptodactylus latrans tadpoles at Gosner-stage 36. Semi-static bioassays were performed using 96 h of exposure with Roundup Ultramax formulation (RU; 0.37-5.25 mg a.e./L), glyphosate (GLY; 3-300 mg/L), and a control group. RU exposure showed an increment in the melanomacrophagic cells (MMc) and melanomacrophagic centers (MMCs) from 0.37 mg a.e./L. GLY exposure showed a significant increment in the number of MMc from 15 mg/L, and of MMCs from 3 mg/L. Also, histopathological lesions were observed in the liver of tadpoles exposed to both, GLY and RU. These lesions included: lipidosis and hepatic congestion, but only RU showed significant differences respect to control, with a LOEC value of 2.22 mg a.e./L for both effects. In sum, this study represents the first evidence of adverse effects of glyphosate and RU formulation on the liver of anuran larvae at concentrations frequently found in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia C Bach
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIM), UNLP-CONICET, Calle 47 y 115, La Plata, 1900 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km. 8.2, (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Damián J G Marino
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIM), UNLP-CONICET, Calle 47 y 115, La Plata, 1900 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Guillermo S Natale
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIM), UNLP-CONICET, Calle 47 y 115, La Plata, 1900 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gustavo M Somoza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km. 8.2, (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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36
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Weltje L, Janz P, Sowig P. An interspecies correlation model to predict acute dermal toxicity of plant protection products to terrestrial life stages of amphibians using fish acute toxicity and bioconcentration data. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 189:619-626. [PMID: 28963979 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a model to predict acute dermal toxicity of plant protection products (PPPs) to terrestrial amphibian life stages from (regulatory) fish data. By combining existing concepts, including interspecies correlation estimation (ICE), allometric relations, lethal body burden (LBB) and bioconcentration modelling, an equation was derived that predicts the amphibian median lethal dermal dose (LD50) from standard acute toxicity values (96-h LC50) for fish and bioconcentration factors (BCF) in fish. Where possible, fish BCF values were corrected to 5% lipid, and to parent compound. Then, BCF values were adjusted to an exposure duration of 96 h, in case steady state took longer to be achieved. The derived correlation equation is based on 32 LD50 values from acute dermal toxicity experiments with 15 different species of anuran amphibians, comprising 15 different PPPs. The developed ICE model can be used in a screening approach to estimate the acute risk to amphibian terrestrial life stages from dermal exposures to PPPs with organic active substances. This has the potential to reduce unnecessary testing of vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Weltje
- BASF SE, Crop Protection - Ecotoxicology, Speyerer-Strasse 2, D-67117 Limburgerhof, Germany.
| | - Philipp Janz
- BASF SE, Crop Protection - Ecotoxicology, Speyerer-Strasse 2, D-67117 Limburgerhof, Germany
| | - Peter Sowig
- Bayer CropScience AG, Industriepark Höchst, D-65926 Frankfurt-Höchst, Germany
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37
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Janssens L, Stoks R. Stronger effects of Roundup than its active ingredient glyphosate in damselfly larvae. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 193:210-216. [PMID: 29100103 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are causing strong decreases in aquatic biodiversity at concentrations assumed safe by legislation. One reason for the failing risk assessment may be strong differences in the toxicity of the active ingredient of pesticides and their commercial formulations. Sublethal effects, especially those on behaviour, have been largely ignored in this context, yet can be equally important as lethal effects at the population and ecosystem levels. Here, we compared the toxicity of the herbicide Roundup and its active ingredient glyphosate on survival, but also on ecologically relevant sublethal traits (life history, behaviour and physiology) in damselfly larvae. Roundup was more toxic than glyphosate with negative effects on survival, behaviour and most of the physiological traits being present at lower concentrations (food intake, escape swimming speed) or even only present (survival, sugar and total energy content and muscle mass) following Roundup exposure. This confirms the toxicity of the surfactant POEA. Notably, also glyphosate was not harmless: a realistic concentration of 2mg/l resulted in reduced growth rate, escape swimming speed and fat content. Our results therefore indicate that the toxicity of Roundup cannot be fully attributed to its surfactant, thereby suggesting that also the new generation of glyphosate-based herbicides with other mixtures of surfactants likely will have adverse effects on non-target aquatic organisms. Ecotoxicological studies comparing the toxicity of active ingredients and their commercial formulations typically ignore behaviour while the here observed differential effects on behaviour likely will negatively impact damselfly populations. Our data highlight that risk assessment of pesticides ignoring sublethal effects may contribute to the negative effects of pesticides on aquatic biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizanne Janssens
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Bøhn T. Criticism of EFSA's scientific opinion on combinatorial effects of 'stacked' GM plants. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 111:268-274. [PMID: 29155358 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent genetically modified plants tend to include both insect resistance and herbicide tolerance traits. Some of these 'stacked' GM plants have multiple Cry-toxins expressed as well as tolerance to several herbicides. This means that non-target organisms in the environment (biodiversity) will be co-exposed to multiple stressors simultaneously. A similar co-exposure may happen to consumers through chemical residues in the food chain. EFSA, the responsible unit for minimizing risk of harm in European food chains, has expressed its scientific interest in combinatorial effects. However, when new data showed how two Cry-toxins acted in combination (added toxicity), and that the same Cry-toxins showed combinatorial effects when co-exposed with Roundup (Bøhn et al., 2016), EFSA dismissed these new peer-reviewed results. In effect, EFSA claimed that combinatorial effects are not relevant for itself. EFSA was justifying this by referring to a policy question, and by making invalid assumptions, which could have been checked directly with the lead-author. With such approach, EFSA may miss the opportunity to improve its environmental and health risk assessment of toxins and pesticides in the food chain. Failure to follow its own published requests for combinatorial effects research, may also risk jeopardizing EFSA's scientific and public reputation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bøhn
- GenØk - Centre for Biosafety, Tromsø, Norway.
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Mikó Z, Ujszegi J, Gál Z, Hettyey A. Standardize or Diversify Experimental Conditions in Ecotoxicology? A Case Study on Herbicide Toxicity to Larvae of Two Anuran Amphibians. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 73:562-569. [PMID: 28660298 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite a steeply increasing number of ecotoxicological studies on the effects of pesticides on nontarget organisms, studies assessing the adequacy and reliability of different experimental approaches have remained scarce. We scrutinized effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide on larvae of two European anuran amphibians by estimating species-specific LC50 values, assessing how an additional stress factor may influence outcomes, and investigating whether replicate experiments yielded qualitatively the same results. We exposed Rana dalmatina and Bufo bufo tadpoles to two predator treatments (no predator vs. predator chemical cues) combined with varying herbicide concentrations, repeated the experiment with a subset of the experimental treatments and partly with slight modifications 1 week later and assessed survival. Our results indicated that the herbicide was moderately toxic to tadpoles. The presence of predator chemical cues did not affect the lethality of the herbicide in either species. The estimated sensitivity of R. dalmatina tadpoles varied considerably across experiments, whereas in case of B. bufo LC50 values remained very similar. Our results suggest that differences in the experimental setup may often have no influence on the measured effects of pesticides, whereas replicated experiments can deliver widely differing results in other cases, perhaps depending on the studied species, the population origin of the tested individuals, or the test conditions. This draws attention to the suggestion that strict standardization may not deliver widely applicable insights into the toxicity of contaminants and, instead, intentionally introducing variation into the design of ecotoxicological experiments and replicating entire experiments may prove highly beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsanett Mikó
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, Budapest, 1022, Hungary.
| | - János Ujszegi
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, Budapest, 1022, Hungary
- Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Gál
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, Budapest, 1022, Hungary
- Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, NARIC, Szent-Györgyi Albert utca 4, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary
| | - Attila Hettyey
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, Budapest, 1022, Hungary
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40
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Mikó Z, Ujszegi J, Gál Z, Hettyey A. Effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide and predation threat on the behaviour of agile frog tadpoles. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 140:96-102. [PMID: 28242374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The widespread application of pesticides emphasises the importance of understanding the impacts of these chemicals on natural communities. The most commonly applied broad-spectrum herbicides in the world are glyphosate-based herbicides, which have been suggested to induce significant behavioural changes in non-target organisms even at low environmental concentrations. To scrutinize the behavioural effects of herbicide-exposure we exposed agile frog (Rana dalmatina) tadpoles in an outdoor mesocosm experiment to three concentrations of a glyphosate-based herbicide (0, 2 and 6.5mg acid equivalent (a.e.) / L). To assess whether anti-predator behaviour is affected by the pesticide, we combined all levels of herbicide-exposure with three predator treatments (no predator, caged Aeshna cyanea dragonfly larvae or Lissotriton vulgaris newt adults) in a full factorial design. We observed hiding, activity, proximity to the predator cage and vertical position of tadpoles. We found that at the higher herbicide concentration tadpoles decreased their activity and more tadpoles were hiding, and at least at the lower concentration their vertical position was closer to the water surface than in tadpoles of the control treatment. Tadpoles also decreased their activity in the presence of dragonfly larvae, but did not hide more in response to either predator, nor did tadpoles avoid predators spatially. Further, exposure to the herbicide did not significantly influence behavioural responses to predation threat. Our study documents a definite influence of glyphosate-based herbicides on the behaviour of agile frog tadpoles and indicates that some of these changes are similar to those induced by dangerous predators. This may suggest that the underlying physiological mechanisms or the adaptive value of behavioural changes may similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsanett Mikó
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, Budapest 1022, Hungary.
| | - János Ujszegi
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, Budapest 1022, Hungary; Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/ C, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Gál
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, Budapest 1022, Hungary; NARIC, Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Szent-Györgyi Albert u. 4., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Attila Hettyey
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, Budapest 1022, Hungary
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Manogaran M, Shukor MY, Yasid NA, Johari WLW, Ahmad SA. Isolation and characterisation of glyphosate-degrading bacteria isolated from local soils in Malaysia. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-017-0620-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Séguin A, Mottier A, Perron C, Lebel JM, Serpentini A, Costil K. Sub-lethal effects of a glyphosate-based commercial formulation and adjuvants on juvenile oysters (Crassostrea gigas) exposed for 35days. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 117:348-358. [PMID: 28202277 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides include active matter and adjuvants (e.g. polyethoxylated tallow amines, POEAs). In addition to a previous investigation on the effect of glyphosate on oysters, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of sub-chronic exposures (35days) to three concentrations (0.1, 1 and 100μgL-1) of Roundup Express® (REX) and POEAs on oysters belonging to the same age group. Low mortality rates were calculated, and only few significant differences (i.e. shell length) between exposure conditions were observed at a given date. However, when comparing the biomarker's temporal variations, some different patterns (e.g. condition index, reproduction, parameters of oxidative stress) were observed depending on the molecules and concentrations. These results suggest that a longer exposure to an environmental concentration (0.1μgL-1) of REX and POEAs could induce harmful effects on oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Séguin
- Normandie Université, F-14032 Caen, France; UMR BOREA (Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques); MNHN, UPMC, UCN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207; IBFA; Université de Caen Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032;14032 Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - Antoine Mottier
- Normandie Université, F-14032 Caen, France; UMR BOREA (Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques); MNHN, UPMC, UCN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207; IBFA; Université de Caen Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032;14032 Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - Carole Perron
- Normandie Université, F-14032 Caen, France; UMR BOREA (Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques); MNHN, UPMC, UCN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207; IBFA; Université de Caen Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032;14032 Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean Marc Lebel
- Normandie Université, F-14032 Caen, France; UMR BOREA (Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques); MNHN, UPMC, UCN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207; IBFA; Université de Caen Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032;14032 Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - Antoine Serpentini
- Normandie Université, F-14032 Caen, France; UMR BOREA (Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques); MNHN, UPMC, UCN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207; IBFA; Université de Caen Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032;14032 Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - Katherine Costil
- Normandie Université, F-14032 Caen, France; UMR BOREA (Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques); MNHN, UPMC, UCN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207; IBFA; Université de Caen Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032;14032 Caen Cedex 5, France.
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Rodriguez-Gil JL, Prosser R, Hanta G, Poirier D, Lissemore L, Hanson M, Solomon KR. Aquatic hazard assessment of MON 0818, a commercial mixture of alkylamine ethoxylates commonly used in glyphosate-containing herbicide formulations. Part 2: Roles of sediment, temperature, and capacity for recovery following a pulsed exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:512-521. [PMID: 27420807 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of toxicity tests with MON 0818, a commercial surfactant mixture of polyoxyethylene tallow amines, were performed: 1) in the presence of sediment for benthic invertebrates and fish: 2) to examine the recovery capacity of Daphnia magna and 4 primary producers after a pulsed (24-h) exposure; and 3) to examine the potential effect of increased water temperature on toxicity of MON 0818 to 2 cold-water fishes. In the presence of sediment, no acute (24-h) mortality was observed for 3 of the 5 species up to 10 mg L-1 . The median effective concentrations for the other 2 species were significantly greater than for water only tests. The EC50 at 15 °C for Salvelinus alpinus was statistically lower than that at 10 °C. Latent effects of a 24-h exposure (1 mg L-1 ) were observed for Rhabdocelis subcapitata and Chlorella vulgaris, as indicated by delayed growth during recovery phase; however, both cultures were able to recover, as indicated by a lack of changes in maximum absolute growth rates. No significant effects of a 24-h exposure to MON 0818 were observed for Oophila sp. (1.5 mg L-1 ) or Lemna minor (100 mg L-1 ). Latent mortality after a 24-h exposure to 5 mg L-1 was observed during the recovery phase for D. magna; however, reproduction endpoints on surviving individuals were not altered. The results indicate that quick dissipation of MON 0818 in the presence of sediment can reduce the effects on exposed organisms, and that full recovery from 24-h exposures to concentrations of MON 0818 equal to, or greater than, those expected in the environment is possible. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:512-521. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Rodriguez-Gil
- Centre for Toxicology, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan Prosser
- Centre for Toxicology, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory Hanta
- Centre for Toxicology, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Poirier
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Aquatic Toxicology Unit, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Linda Lissemore
- Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Hanson
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Keith R Solomon
- Centre for Toxicology, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Rodriguez-Gil JL, Prosser R, Poirier D, Lissemore L, Thompson D, Hanson M, Solomon KR. Aquatic hazard assessment of MON 0818, a commercial mixture of alkylamine ethoxylates commonly used in glyphosate-containing herbicide formulations. Part 1: Species sensitivity distribution from laboratory acute exposures. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:501-511. [PMID: 27421089 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity of 15 aquatic species, including primary producers, benthic invertebrates, cladocerans, mollusks, and fish, to MON 0818, a commercial surfactant mixture of polyoxyethylene tallow amines, was evaluated in standard acute (48-96-h) laboratory tests. In addition, the potential for chronic toxicity (8 d) was evaluated with Ceriodaphnia dubia. Exposure concentrations were confirmed. No significant effects on any endpoint were observed in the chronic test. A tier-1 hazard assessment was conducted by comparing species sensitivity distributions based on the generated data, as well as literature data, with 4 exposure scenarios. This assessment showed moderate levels of hazard (43.1% of the species exposed at or above median effective concentration levels), for a chosen worst-case scenario-unintentional direct over-spray of a 15-cm-deep body of water with the maximum label application rate for the studied formulations (Roundup Original, Vision Forestry Herbicide; 12 L formulation ha-1 , equivalent to 4.27 kg acid equivalent [a.e.] ha-1 ). The hazard decreased to impairment of 20.9% of species under the maximum application rate for more typical uses (6 L formulation ha-1 , 2.14 kg a.e. ha-1 ), and down to 6.9% for a more frequently employed application rate (2.5 L formulation ha-1 , 0.89 kg a.e. ha-1 ). Finally, the percentage (3.8%) was less than the hazardous concentration for 5% of the species based on concentrations of MON 0818 calculated from maximum measured concentrations of glyphosate in the environment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:501-511. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Rodriguez-Gil
- Centre for Toxicology, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan Prosser
- Centre for Toxicology, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Poirier
- Aquatic Toxicology Unit, Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Linda Lissemore
- Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dean Thompson
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Hanson
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Keith R Solomon
- Centre for Toxicology, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Prosser RS, Rodriguez-Gil JL, Solomon KR, Sibley PK, Poirier DG. Effects of the herbicide surfactant MON 0818 on oviposition and viability of eggs of the ramshorn snail (Planorbella pilsbryi). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:522-531. [PMID: 27474811 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The surfactant mixture MON 0818 is an adjuvant in various commercial formulations of the herbicide glyphosate. Initial studies have shown that MON 0818 is more toxic to aquatic animals than the active ingredient. However, few studies have examined the effect of exposure to MON 0818 on species of mollusks, and no studies have examined the effect on gastropods. The present study investigated the effect of acute exposure (96 h) of MON 0818 to the eggs, juveniles, and adults of the file ramshorn snail (Planorbella pilsbryi). Concentrations of MON 0818 up to 9.9 mg/L did not have a significant effect on the viability of eggs (p > 0.05). Juvenile snails (50% lethal concentration [LC50] = 4.0 mg/L) were more sensitive than adult snails (LC50 = 4.9-9.1 mg/L). Oviposition was inhibited by exposure to MON 0818 (median effective concentration [EC50] = 0.4-2.0 mg/L). However, oviposition resumed when snails were removed to clean water, even after 96-h exposure to up to 4.9 mg/L of MON 0818. Exposure to a concentration ≥2.7 mg/L caused visible damage to the tentacles of adult snails, which could potentially impact chemoreception. A deterministic hazard assessment indicated that environmentally relevant concentrations of MON 0818 could pose a hazard to the deposition of eggs. However, because of the relatively short half-life of MON 0818 in aquatic systems and the ability of snails to resume oviposition following the dissipation of MON 0818, environmentally relevant concentrations of MON 0818 likely pose a de minimis risk to populations of ramshorn snails. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:522-531. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Prosser
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Keith R Solomon
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul K Sibley
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - David G Poirier
- Aquatic Toxicology Unit, Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Van Hoesel W, Tiefenbacher A, König N, Dorn VM, Hagenguth JF, Prah U, Widhalm T, Wiklicky V, Koller R, Bonkowski M, Lagerlöf J, Ratzenböck A, Zaller JG. Single and Combined Effects of Pesticide Seed Dressings and Herbicides on Earthworms, Soil Microorganisms, and Litter Decomposition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:215. [PMID: 28270821 PMCID: PMC5318401 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Seed dressing, i.e., the treatment of crop seeds with insecticides and/or fungicides, aiming to protect seeds from pests and diseases, is widely used in conventional agriculture. During the growing season, those crop fields often receive additional broadband herbicide applications. However, despite this broad utilization, very little is known on potential side effects or interactions between these different pesticide classes on soil organisms. In a greenhouse pot experiment, we studied single and interactive effects of seed dressing of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var. Capo) with neonicotinoid insecticides and/or strobilurin and triazolinthione fungicides and an additional one-time application of a glyphosate-based herbicide on the activity of earthworms, soil microorganisms, litter decomposition, and crop growth. To further address food-web interactions, earthworms were introduced to half of the experimental units as an additional experimental factor. Seed dressings significantly reduced the surface activity of earthworms with no difference whether insecticides or fungicides were used. Moreover, seed dressing effects on earthworm activity were intensified by herbicides (significant herbicide × seed dressing interaction). Neither seed dressings nor herbicide application affected litter decomposition, soil basal respiration, microbial biomass, or specific respiration. Seed dressing did also not affect wheat growth. We conclude that interactive effects on soil biota and processes of different pesticide classes should receive more attention in ecotoxicological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Van Hoesel
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Tiefenbacher
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Nina König
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Verena M. Dorn
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Julia F. Hagenguth
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Urša Prah
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Theresia Widhalm
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Viktoria Wiklicky
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Robert Koller
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of CologneCologne, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum JülichJülich, Germany
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of CologneCologne, Germany
| | - Jan Lagerlöf
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Johann G. Zaller
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaVienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Johann G. Zaller
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Chłopecka M, Mendel M, Dziekan N, Karlik W. The effect of glyphosate-based herbicide Roundup and its co-formulant, POEA, on the motoric activity of rat intestine - In vitro study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 49:156-162. [PMID: 28049099 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The study was aimed at evaluating the effect of Roundup, polyoxyethylene tallow amine (POEA) and mixture of glyphosate and POEA in different levels on the motoric activity of jejunum strips. The incubation in the Roundup solutions caused a significant, mostly miorelaxant, reversible reaction of smooth muscle; only in the highest tested dose which is equivalent to the agricultural concentration (1% corresponding to 1.7g glyphosate/L) there was an irreversible disturbance of the spontaneous contractility and reactivity. The incubation in POEA solutions in the range of low doses (0.256; 1.28; 6.4mg/L) resulted in a biphasic muscle reaction (relaxation and contraction); whereas in the range of high doses, i.e. 32; 160 and 800mg/L (agricultural spray concentrations) induced only a miorelaxant, irreversible response. The results indicate very high toxicity of POEA which exceeds the toxicity of the commercial formulations. Besides, it is postulated that glyphosate and POEA may display antagonistic interaction towards the motoric activity of gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Chłopecka
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 8, Ciszewskiego St.,02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Mendel
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 8, Ciszewskiego St.,02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Natalia Dziekan
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 8, Ciszewskiego St.,02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Karlik
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 8, Ciszewskiego St.,02-786 Warsaw, Poland
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Bach NC, Natale GS, Somoza GM, Ronco AE. Effect on the growth and development and induction of abnormalities by a glyphosate commercial formulation and its active ingredient during two developmental stages of the South-American Creole frog, Leptodactylus latrans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:23959-23971. [PMID: 27638798 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7631-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the acute lethal and sublethal effects of technical-grade glyphosate (GLY) and the GLY-based commercial formulation Roundup ULTRA MAX® (RU) on two Gosner stages (Gss) 25 and 36 of the South-American Creole frog, Leptodactylus latrans. Bioassays were performed following standardized methods within a wide range of concentrations (0.0007-9.62 mg of acid equivalents per liter-a.e./L-of RU and 3-300 mg/L of GLY). The endpoints evaluated were mortality, swimming activity, growth, development, and the presence of morphologic abnormalities, especially in the mouthparts. No lethal effects were observed on larvae exposed to GLY during either Gs-25 or Gs-36. The concentrations inducing 50 % lethality in RU-exposed larvae at different exposure times and Gss ranged from 3.26 to 9.61 mg a.e./L. Swimming activity was affected by only RU. Effects on growth and development and the induction of morphologic abnormalities-like oral abnormalities and edema-were observed after exposure to either GLY or RU. Gs-25 was the most sensitive stage to both forms of the herbicide. The commercial formulation was much more toxic than the active ingredient on all the endpoints assessed. Effects on growth, development, and the induction of morphologic abnormalities observed in the range of environmental concentrations reported for agroecosystems of Argentina constitute an alert to the potential detrimental effects of the herbicide that could be affecting the fitness and survival of anurans in agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Carla Bach
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas and CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 47 y 115. La Plata, 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Sebastián Natale
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas and CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 47 y 115. La Plata, 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Manuel Somoza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km. 8.2 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Estela Ronco
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas and CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 47 y 115. La Plata, 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Baier F, Gruber E, Hein T, Bondar-Kunze E, Ivanković M, Mentler A, Brühl CA, Spangl B, Zaller JG. Non-target effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide on Common toad larvae ( Bufo bufo, Amphibia) and associated algae are altered by temperature. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2641. [PMID: 27833808 PMCID: PMC5101619 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyphosate-based herbicides are the most widely used pesticides in agriculture, horticulture, municipalities and private gardens that can potentially contaminate nearby water bodies inhabited by amphibians and algae. Moreover, the development and diversity of these aquatic organisms could also be affected by human-induced climate change that might lead to more periods with extreme temperatures. However, to what extent non-target effects of these herbicides on amphibians or algae are altered by varying temperature is not well known. METHODS We studied effects of five concentrations of the glyphosate-based herbicide formulation Roundup PowerFlex (0, 1.5, 3, 4 mg acid equivalent glyphosate L-1 as a one time addition and a pulse treatment of totally 4 mg a.e. glyphosate L-1) on larval development of Common toads (Bufo bufo, L.; Amphibia: Anura) and associated algae communities under two temperature regimes (15 vs. 20 °C). RESULTS Herbicide contamination reduced tail growth (-8%), induced the occurrence of tail deformations (i.e. lacerated or crooked tails) and reduced algae diversity (-6%). Higher water temperature increased tadpole growth (tail and body length (tl/bl) +66%, length-to-width ratio +4%) and decreased algae diversity (-21%). No clear relation between herbicide concentrations and tadpole growth or algae density or diversity was observed. Interactive effects of herbicides and temperature affected growth parameters, tail deformation and tadpole mortality indicating that the herbicide effects are temperature-dependent. Remarkably, herbicide-temperature interactions resulted in deformed tails in 34% of all herbicide treated tadpoles at 15 °C whereas no tail deformations were observed for the herbicide-free control at 15 °C or any tadpole at 20 °C; herbicide-induced mortality was higher at 15 °C but lower at 20 °C. DISCUSSION These herbicide- and temperature-induced changes may have decided effects on ecological interactions in freshwater ecosystems. Although no clear dose-response effect was seen, the presence of glyphosate was decisive for an effect, suggesting that the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) in our study was 1.5 mg a.e. glyphosate L-1 water. Overall, our findings also question the relevance of pesticide risk assessments conducted at standard temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Baier
- Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Edith Gruber
- Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Hein
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
- WasserCluster Lunz–Biologische Station GmbH, Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Bondar-Kunze
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
- WasserCluster Lunz–Biologische Station GmbH, Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Marina Ivanković
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Axel Mentler
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Carsten A. Brühl
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Universität Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Bernhard Spangl
- Institute of Applied Statistics and Computing, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann G. Zaller
- Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
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Battaglin WA, Smalling KL, Anderson C, Calhoun D, Chestnut T, Muths E. Potential interactions among disease, pesticides, water quality and adjacent land cover in amphibian habitats in the United States. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 566-567:320-332. [PMID: 27232962 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To investigate interactions among disease, pesticides, water quality, and adjacent land cover, we collected samples of water, sediment, and frog tissue from 21 sites in 7 States in the United States (US) representing a variety of amphibian habitats. All samples were analyzed for >90 pesticides and pesticide degradates, and water and frogs were screened for the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) using molecular methods. Pesticides and pesticide degradates were detected frequently in frog breeding habitats (water and sediment) as well as in frog tissue. Fungicides occurred more frequently in water, sediment, and tissue than was expected based upon their limited use relative to herbicides or insecticides. Pesticide occurrence in water or sediment was not a strong predictor of occurrence in tissue, but pesticide concentrations in tissue were correlated positively to agricultural and urban land, and negatively to forested land in 2-km buffers around the sites. Bd was detected in water at 45% of sites, and on 34% of swabbed frogs. Bd detections in water were not associated with differences in land use around sites, but sites with detections had colder water. Frogs that tested positive for Bd were associated with sites that had higher total fungicide concentrations in water and sediment, but lower insecticide concentrations in sediments relative to frogs that were Bd negative. Bd concentrations on frog swabs were positively correlated to dissolved organic carbon, and total nitrogen and phosphorus, and negatively correlated to pH and water temperature. Data were collected from a range of locations and amphibian habitats and represent some of the first field-collected information aimed at understanding the interactions between pesticides, land use, and amphibian disease. These interactions are of particular interest to conservation efforts as many amphibians live in altered habitats and may depend on wetlands embedded in these landscapes to survive.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Battaglin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado Water Science Center, Lakewood, CO, United States
| | - K L Smalling
- U.S. Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science Center, Lawrenceville, NJ, United States
| | - C Anderson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oregon Water Science Center, Portland, OR, United States
| | - D Calhoun
- U.S. Geological Survey South Atlantic Water Science Center, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - T Chestnut
- National Park Service, Mount Rainer National Park, Ashford, WA, United States
| | - E Muths
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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