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Silva MSS, Pires A, Vethaak AD, Martínez-Gómez C, Almeida M, Pinto R, Figueira E, Oliveira M. Effects of polymethylmethacrylate nanoplastics on the polychaete Hediste diversicolor: Behavioural, regenerative, and biochemical responses. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 265:106743. [PMID: 37931377 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Plastics, particularly microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs), have been regarded as pollutants of emerging concern due to their effects on organisms and ecosystems, especially considering marine environments. However, in terms of NPs, there is still a knowledge gap regarding the effects of size and polymer on marine invertebrates, such as benthic organisms. Therefore, this study aimed to understand, regarding behavioural, physiological, and biochemical endpoints (neurotransmission, energy metabolism, antioxidant status, and oxidative damage), the effects of 50 nm waterborne polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) NPs (0.5 to 500 µg/L) on the marine benthic polychaete Hediste diversicolor, a key species in estuarine and coastal ecosystems. Results demonstrated that worms exposed to PMMA NPs had a shorter burrowing time than control organisms. Nevertheless, worms exposed to PMMA NPs (0.5 and 500 µg/L) decreased cholinesterase activity. Energy metabolism was decreased at 50 and 500 µg/L, and glycogen content decreased at all concentrations of PMMA NPs. Enzymes related to the antioxidant defence system (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) displayed increased activities in H. diversicolor specimens exposed to concentrations between 0.5 and 500 µg/L, which led to no damage at the cell membrane and protein levels. In this study, polychaetes also displayed a lower regenerative capacity when exposed to PMMA NPs. Overall, the data obtained in this study emphasize the potential consequences of PMMA NPs to benthic worms, particularly between 0.5 and 50 µg/L, with polychaetes exposed to 50 µg/L being the most impacted by the analysed NPs. However, since sediments are considered to be sinks and sources of plastics, further studies are needed to better understand the impacts of different sizes and polymers on marine organisms, particularly benthic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S S Silva
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adília Pires
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - A Dick Vethaak
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Deltares, Marine and Coastal Systems, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Concepción Martínez-Gómez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), CSIC, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, C/Varadero, 1, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia 30740, Spain
| | - Mónica Almeida
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Pinto
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Etelvina Figueira
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Miguel Oliveira
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Picone M, Distefano GG, Marchetto D, Russo M, Volpi Ghirardini A. Spiking organic chemicals onto sediments for ecotoxicological analyses: an overview of methods and procedures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:31002-31024. [PMID: 35113376 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18987-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory testing with spiked sediments with organic contaminants is a valuable tool for ecotoxicologists to study specific processes such as effects of known concentrations of toxicants, interactions of the toxicants with sediment and biota, and uptake kinetics. Since spiking of the sediment may be performed by using different strategies, a plethora of procedures was proposed in the literature for spiking organic chemicals onto sediments to perform ecotoxicological analyses. In this paper, we reviewed the scientific literature intending to characterise the kind of substrates that were used for spiking (i.e. artificial or field-collected sediment), how the substrates were handled before spiking and amended with the organic chemical, how the spiked sediment was mixed to allow the homogenisation of the chemical on the substrate and finally how long the spiked sediment was allowed to equilibrate before testing. What emerged from this review is that the choice of the test species, the testing procedures and the physicochemical properties of the organic contaminant are the primary driving factors affecting the selection of substrate type, sediment handling procedures, solvent carrier and mixing method. Finally, we provide recommendations concerning storage and characterization of the substrate, equilibrium times and verification of both equilibration and homogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Picone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30170, Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Gabriele Giuseppe Distefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30170, Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Davide Marchetto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30170, Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Martina Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30170, Mestre, Venice, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30170, Mestre, Venice, Italy
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Daniel D, Nunes B, Pinto E, Ferreira IMPLVO, Correia AT. Assessment of Paracetamol Toxic Effects under Varying Seawater pH Conditions on the Marine Polychaete Hediste diversicolor Using Biochemical Endpoints. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040581. [PMID: 35453782 PMCID: PMC9031096 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Context of climate change is being widely studied, nevertheless its effects in the toxicity of other contaminants have been poorly study. Particularly, the effects of ocean acidification on the modulation of pharmaceutical absorption and consequent effects, have not been extensively addressed before. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of ocean acidification (specifically pH values of 8.2, 7.9, and 7.6) combined with paracetamol exposure (0, 30, 60, and 120 µg/L) on the polychaeta Hediste diversicolor. To do so, specific biomarkers were measured namely (CAT), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and cyclooxygenase (COX) activities, as well as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), were quantified to serve as ecotoxicological endpoints. Alterations of CAT, and GSTs activities, and TBARS levels indicate an alteration in redox balances. Differences in exposed pH levels indicate the possible modulation of the absorption of this pharmaceutical in ocean acidifications scenarios. Alterations in AChE were only observed following paracetamol exposure, not being altered by media pH. Hereby obtained results suggest that seawater acidification is detrimental to marine wildlife, since it may enhance toxic effects caused by environmental realistic concentrations of pharmaceuticals. This work is crucial to understand the potential effects of pharmaceuticals in a climate change scenario. Abstract Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels are likely to lower ocean pH values, after its dissolution in seawater. Additionally, pharmaceuticals drugs are environmental stressors due to their intrinsic properties and worldwide occurrence. It is thus of the utmost importance to assess the combined effects of pH decreases and pharmaceutical contamination, considering that their absorption (and effects) are likely to be strongly affected by changes in oceanic pH. To attain this goal, individuals of the marine polychaete Hediste diversicolor were exposed to distinct pH levels (8.2, 7.9, and 7.6) and environmentally relevant concentrations of the acidic drug paracetamol (PAR: 0, 30, 60, and 120 µg/L). Biomarkers such as catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and cyclooxygenase (COX) activities, as well as peroxidative damage (through thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) quantification), were quantified to serve as ecotoxicological endpoints. Data showed a general increase in CAT and a decrease in GST activities (with significant fluctuations according to the tested conditions of PAR and pH). These changes are likely to be associated with alterations of the redox cycle driven by PAR exposure. In addition, pH levels seemed to condition the toxicity caused by PAR, suggesting that the toxic effects of this drug were in some cases enhanced by more acidic conditions. An inhibition of AChE was observed in animals exposed to the highest concentration of PAR, regardless of the pH value. Moreover, no lipid peroxidation was observed in most individuals, although a significant increase in TBARS levels was observed for polychaetes exposed to the lowest pH. Finally, no alterations of COX activities were recorded on polychaetes exposed to PAR, regardless of the pH level. The obtained results suggest that seawater acidification is detrimental to marine wildlife, since it may enhance toxic effects caused by environmental realistic concentrations of acidic drugs, such as PAR. This work was crucial to evidence that ocean acidification, in the context of a global change scenario of increased levels of both atmospheric and oceanic CO2, is a key factor in understanding the putative enhanced toxicity of most pharmaceutical drugs that are of an acidic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Daniel
- Departamento de Biologia, Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro (UA), 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal;
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia, Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro (UA), 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Edgar Pinto
- Escola Superior de Saúde (ESS) do Instituto Politécnico do Porto (IPP), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
- LAQV/REQUIMTE-Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Isabel M. P. L. V. O. Ferreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE-Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Alberto Teodorico Correia
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal;
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Fernando Pessoa (FCS/UFP), Rua Carlos da Maia 296, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto (ICBAS), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Fontes MK, Dourado PLR, Campos BGD, Maranho LA, Almeida EAD, Abessa DMDS, Pereira CDS. Environmentally realistic concentrations of cocaine in seawater disturbed neuroendrocrine parameters and energy status in the marine mussel Perna perna. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 251:109198. [PMID: 34601085 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine (COC) is a powerful illicit drug frequently detected in the aquatic environment. COC acts by inhibiting the reuptake of dopamine (DOPA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT - serotonin) and causes endocrine disturbances in mammals. This study investigated similar effects from cocaine exposure in the marine mussel Perna perna, as well as neurotoxicity and energy imbalances. Mussels were exposed to COC (0.2 μg.L-1 and 2 μg.L-1) for periods of 48, 96, and 168 h. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was measured in adductor muscle tissue to determine neurotoxicity, and neurotransmitter levels (DOPA and 5-HT), monoamine oxidase (MAO) and cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, and energy status (mitrochondrial electron transport, MET, and total lipids, TLP) were evaluated in the mussels' gonads. COC decreased AChE activity in the mussels exposed to 0.2 μg.L-1 and 2 μg.L -1 after 168 h, and all concentrations of COC increased neurotransmitter levels. Increases in MET (0.2 μg.L -1, for all exposure periods) and TLP (0.2 μg.L 1 after 48 h, and 2 μg.L -1 after 96 h and 168 h) were also observed. No significant change was detected in MAO activity. COC also decreased COX activity in the mussels exposed to 0.2 μg.L -1 (48 h and 96 h) and 2 μg.L -1 (96 h). These results suggest that COC may compromise neurotransmitter levels and COX activity. Furthermore, the changes in MET and LPT suggest that COC affects the energy balance of the mussels, and could negatively affect physiological processes such as metabolism, hormone production, and embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayana Karoline Fontes
- Instituto de Biociências, Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Infante Dom Henrique s/n, PC 11330-900 São Vicente, Brazil
| | - Priscila Leocadio Rosa Dourado
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de São José do Rio Preto R. Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, PC 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Galvão de Campos
- Instituto de Biociências, Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Infante Dom Henrique s/n, PC 11330-900 São Vicente, Brazil
| | - Luciane Alves Maranho
- Instituto de Biociências, Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Infante Dom Henrique s/n, PC 11330-900 São Vicente, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Alves de Almeida
- Departmento de Ciências Naturais, Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Av. Antônio da Veiga 140, PC 89030-903 Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Denis Moledo de Souza Abessa
- Instituto de Biociências, Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Infante Dom Henrique s/n, PC 11330-900 São Vicente, Brazil
| | - Camilo Dias Seabra Pereira
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Maria Máximo, 168, PC 11030-100 Santos, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 266, PC 11045-907 Santos, Brazil.
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5
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Sumpter JP, Runnalls TJ, Donnachie RL, Owen SF. A comprehensive aquatic risk assessment of the beta-blocker propranolol, based on the results of over 600 research papers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148617. [PMID: 34182447 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive aquatic environmental risk assessment (ERA) of the human pharmaceutical propranolol was conducted, based on all available scientific literature. Over 200 papers provided information on environmental concentrations (77 of which provided river concentrations) and 98 dealt with potential environmental effects. The median concentration of propranolol in rivers was 7.1 ng/L (range of median values of individual studies 0.07 to 89 ng/L), and the highest individual value was 590 ng/L. Sixty-eight EC50 values for 35 species were available. The lowest EC50 value was 0.084 mg/L. A species sensitivity distribution (SSD) provided an HC50 value of 6.64 mg/L and an HC5 value of 0.22 mg/L. Thus, there was a difference of nearly 6 orders of magnitude between the median river concentration and the HC50 value, and over 4 orders of magnitude between the median river concentration and the HC5 value. Even if an assessment factor of 100 was applied to the HC5 value, to provide considerable protection to all species, the safety margin is over 100-fold. However, nearly half of all papers reporting effects of propranolol did not provide an EC50 value. Some reported that very low concentrations of propranolol caused effects. The lowest concentration reported to cause an effect - in fact, a range of biochemical and physiological effects on mussels - was 0.3 ng/L. In none of these 'low concentration' papers was a sigmoidal concentration-response relationship obtained. Although inclusion of data from these papers in the ERA cause a change in the conclusion reached, we are sceptical of the repeatability of these 'low concentration' results. We conclude that concentrations of propranolol present currently in rivers throughout the world do not constitute a risk to aquatic organisms. We discuss the need to improve the quality of ecotoxicology research so that more robust ERAs acceptable to all stakeholders can be completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Sumpter
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.
| | - Tamsin J Runnalls
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel L Donnachie
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, United Kingdom; Now at Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2A2, United Kingdom
| | - Stewart F Owen
- AstraZeneca, Global Environment, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TF, United Kingdom
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Ehiguese FO, Rodgers ML, Araújo CVM, Griffitt RJ, Martin-Diaz ML. Galaxolide and tonalide modulate neuroendocrine activity in marine species from two taxonomic groups. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110960. [PMID: 33675801 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) are polycyclic musk compounds (PMCs) used in household and personal care products that have been included on the list as emerging contaminants of environmental concern due to their ubiquity in aquatic and terrestrial environments. There still exists a dearth of information on the neurotoxicity and endocrine disrupting effects of these contaminants, especially for marine and estuarine species. Here, we assessed the neuroendocrine effects of HHCB and AHTN using adult clams, Ruditapes philippinarum, and yolk-sac larvae of sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus. The clams were treated with concentrations (0.005-50 μg/L) of each compound for 21 days. Meanwhile, sheepshead minnow larvae were exposed to 0.5, 5 and 50 μg/L of HHCB and AHTN for 3 days. Enzyme activities related to neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase - AChE), neuroendocrine function (cyclooxygenase - COX), and energy reserves (total lipids - TL) were assessed in R. philippinarum. Gene expression levels of cyp19 and vtg1 were measured in C. variegatus using qPCR. Our results indicated induction of AChE and COX in the clams exposed to HHCB while AHTN exposure significantly inhibited AChE and COX. Gene expression of cyp19 and vtg1 in yolk-sac C. variegatus larvae exposed to 50 μg/L AHTN was significantly downregulated versus the control. The results of this study demonstrate that HHCB and AHTN might pose neurotoxic and endocrine disrupting effects in coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friday Ojie Ehiguese
- Physical Chemistry Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI.MAR), University of Cadiz, República Saharaui S/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Division of Coastal Sciences, School of Ocean Science and Technology, University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, MS, 39564, USA.
| | - Maria L Rodgers
- Division of Coastal Sciences, School of Ocean Science and Technology, University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, MS, 39564, USA
| | - Cristiano V M Araújo
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Robert J Griffitt
- Division of Coastal Sciences, School of Ocean Science and Technology, University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, MS, 39564, USA
| | - M Laura Martin-Diaz
- Physical Chemistry Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI.MAR), University of Cadiz, República Saharaui S/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Roveri V, Guimarães LL, Toma W, Correia AT. Occurrence and risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and cocaine around the coastal submarine sewage outfall in Guarujá, São Paulo State, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:11384-11400. [PMID: 33123891 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to screen and quantify 23 pharmaceutical compounds (including illicit drugs), at two sampling points near the diffusers of the Guarujá submarine outfall, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Samples were collected in triplicate during the high (January 2018) and low (April 2018) seasons at two different water column depths (surface and bottom). A total of 10 compounds were detected using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Caffeine (42.3-141.0 ng/L), diclofenac (3.6-85.7 ng/L), valsartan (4.7-14.3 ng/L), benzoylecgonine (0.3-1.7 ng/L), and cocaine (0.3-0.6 ng/L) were frequently detected (75% occurrence). Orphenadrine (0.6-3.0 ng/L) and atenolol (0.1-0.3 ng/L), and acetaminophen (1.2-1.4 ng/L) and losartan (0.7-3.4 ng/L), were detected in 50% and 25% of the samples, respectively. Only one sample (12.5%) detected the presence of carbamazepine (< 0.001-0.1 ng/L). Unexpectedly a lower frequency of occurrence and concentration of these compounds occurred during the summer season, suggesting that other factors, such as the oceanographic and hydrodynamic regimes of the study area, besides the population rise, should be taken into account. Caffeine presented concentrations above the surface water safety limits (0.01 μg/L). For almost all compounds, the observed concentrations indicate nonenvironmental risk for the aquatic biota, except for caffeine, diclofenac, and acetaminophen that showed low to moderate ecological risk for the three trophic levels tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Roveri
- Faculdade de Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade Fernando Pessoa (UFP), Praça 9 de Abril 349, 4249-004, Porto, Portugal
- Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), Avenida Conselheiro Nébias, 536, Encruzilhada, Santos, São Paulo, 11045-002, Brazil
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Luciana Lopes Guimarães
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Universidade Santa Cecília (UNISANTA), Rua Cesário Mota 8, F83A, Santos, São Paulo, 11045-040, Brazil
| | - Walber Toma
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Universidade Santa Cecília (UNISANTA), Rua Cesário Mota 8, F83A, Santos, São Paulo, 11045-040, Brazil
| | - Alberto Teodorico Correia
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde (FCS), Universidade Fernando Pessoa (UFP), Rua Carlos da Maia 296, 4200-150, Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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Bhuiyan KA, Rodríguez BM, Pires A, Riba I, Dellvals Á, Freitas R, Conradi M. Experimental evidence of uncertain future of the keystone ragworm Hediste diversicolor (O.F. Müller, 1776) under climate change conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 750:142031. [PMID: 33182219 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is currently assumed that climate change related factors pose severe challenges to biodiversity maintenance. This paper assesses the multi-stressor effects of elevated temperature (15 °C as control, 25 °C as elevated) and CO2 levels (pH 8.1 as control, 7.5 and 7.0 representing acidifying conditions) on the physiological (survival and regenerative capacity), behavioral (feeding and burrowing activities), and biochemical changes (metabolic capacity, oxidative status and biotransformation mechanisms) experienced by the keystone polychaete Hediste diversicolor. Temperature rise enlarged the adverse effect of marine acidification on the survival of H. diversicolor, delayed the beginning of the excavation activity, enhancing the negative effects that pH decrease had in the burrowing behavior of this polychaete. Additionally, regardless of the temperature, exposure of H. diversicolor to acidification results in a reduction in the feeding rate. It is the first time that this decreased feeding capacity is found related to seawater acidification in this species. The healing of the wound and the blastemal formation were retarded due to these two climatic factors which hinder the regenerative process of polychaetes. These vital physiological functions of H. diversicolor can be related to the oxidative stress induced by climate change conditions since free radicals overproduced will impair cells functioning, affecting species biochemical and physiological performance, including feeding and tissue regeneration. The present results also demonstrated that although polychaetes' metabolic capacity was enhanced under stress conditions, organisms were still able to increase or maintain their energy reserves. Our findings are of major environmental relevance considering that predicted climate change conditions will affect species vital and ecological and physiological capacities. These can be translated into shrinking not only at the individual and population level but also in microbial and endofaunal diversities, in the detritus processing in estuaries and biogeochemical cycles at the ecosystem level. Thus the conservation of H. diversicolor populations is vital for the normal functioning of estuarine mudflat ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurshid Alam Bhuiyan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Belén Marín Rodríguez
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Adilia Pires
- Department of Biology & Center for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Inmaculada Riba
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ángel Dellvals
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Santa Cecília University (UNISANTA), Santos, São Paulo 11000, Brazil
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Department of Biology & Center for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Mercedes Conradi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
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9
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Świacka K, Michnowska A, Maculewicz J, Caban M, Smolarz K. Toxic effects of NSAIDs in non-target species: A review from the perspective of the aquatic environment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 273:115891. [PMID: 33497943 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment, both in marine and freshwater reservoirs, is a major concern of global environmental protection. Among the drugs that are most commonly used, NSAIDs tend to dominate. Currently, being aware of the problem caused by drug contamination, it is extremely important to evaluate the scale and the full spectrum of its consequences, from short-term to long-term effects. The influence on non-target aquatic animals can take place at many levels, and the effects can be seen both in behaviour and physiology, but also in genetic alterations or reproduction disorders, affecting the development of entire populations. This review summarises all the advances made to estimate the impact of NSAIDs on aquatic animals. Multicellular animals from all trophic levels, inhabiting both inland waters, seas and oceans, have been considered. Particular attention has been paid to chronic studies, conducted at low, environmentally-relevant concentrations, to estimate the real effects of the present pollution. The number of such studies has indeed increased in recent years, allowing for a better insight into the possible consequences of pharmaceutical pollution. It should be stressed, however, that our knowledge is still limited to a few model species, while there are many groups of organisms completely unexplored regarding the effects of drugs. Therefore, the main aim of this paper was to summarise the current state of knowledge on the toxicity of NSAIDs in aquatic animals, also identifying important gaps and major issues requiring further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Świacka
- Department of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Av. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Alicja Michnowska
- Department of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Av. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Jakub Maculewicz
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Magda Caban
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Smolarz
- Department of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Av. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland
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10
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Silva MSS, Pires A, Almeida M, Oliveira M. The use of Hediste diversicolor in the study of emerging contaminants. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 159:105013. [PMID: 32662441 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of aquatic environments has been the focus of research to understand effects on ecosystems and its species. Benthic organisms are considered potential targets since sediments act as sources and sinks for environmental contaminants. This review presents information on the effects of three types of emerging contaminants: pharmaceuticals (tested concentrations between 0.1 ng/L - 250 mg/L and 0.01 ng/g - 2.5 μg/g), metal-based nanoparticles (<100 nm) (tested concentrations between 10 μg/L - 1 mg/L and 5 - 140 μg/g) and micro(nano)plastics (tested concentrations between 5 μg/L - 50 mg/L and 10 - 50 mg/kg), on the polychaete Hediste diversicolor, a key species in estuarine/coastal ecosystems. Data shows that these contaminants promote alterations in burrowing activity (lowest concentration inducing effects: 10 ng/L), neurotransmission and damage related parameters (lowest concentration inducing effects: 100 ng/L). The characteristics of this polychaete, such as regenerative capacity, make the use of this species in biomedical studies involving environmental contaminants valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S S Silva
- Departament of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adília Pires
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Departament of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mónica Almeida
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Departament of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Miguel Oliveira
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Departament of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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11
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Jakubowska M, Urban-Malinga B, Otremba Z, Andrulewicz E. Effect of low frequency electromagnetic field on the behavior and bioenergetics of the polychaete Hediste diversicolor. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 150:104766. [PMID: 31404727 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of an electromagnetic field (EMF) of value typically recorded in the vicinity of submarine cables (50 Hz, 1 mT) on the behavior and bioenergetics of the polychaete Hediste diversicolor. No avoidance or attraction behavior to EMF was shown, but the burrowing activity of H. diversicolor was enhanced in EMF treatment, indicating a stimulating effect on bioturbation potential. The polychaete maintained a positive energy balance and high amount (85% of assimilated energy) of energy available for individual production (scope for growth) after exposure to EMF. Food consumption and respiration rates were not affected but ammonia excretion rate was significantly reduced in EMF-exposed animals compared to the control conditions (geomagnetic field). The mechanisms behind this effect remain, however, unclear. This is the first study demonstrating the effects of environmentally realistic EMF value on the behavior and physiology of marine invertebrates, thus there is a need for more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jakubowska
- Department of Fisheries Oceanography and Marine Ecology, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kołłątaja 1, 81-332, Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Barbara Urban-Malinga
- Department of Fisheries Oceanography and Marine Ecology, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kołłątaja 1, 81-332, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Otremba
- Department of Physics, Gdynia Maritime University, Morska 81-87, 81-225, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Eugeniusz Andrulewicz
- Department of Fisheries Oceanography and Marine Ecology, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kołłątaja 1, 81-332, Gdynia, Poland
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12
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da Fonseca TG, Abessa DMS, Bebianno MJ. Effects of mixtures of anticancer drugs in the benthic polychaete Nereis diversicolor. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:1180-1192. [PMID: 31252116 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The increasing consumption of anticancer drugs through single and/or combinatory chemotherapy worldwide raised concern regarding their toxicity burden in coastal zones. The toxicity of a mixture of three compounds involving the drugs cisplatin (CisPt), cyclophosphamide (CP) and tamoxifen (TAM) was determined on the marine polychaete Nereis diversicolor exposed to an increasing range of their concentrations, respectively: Mix A: 0.1 + 10 + 0.1 ng L-1; Mix B: 10 + 100 + 10 ng L-1; Mix C: 100 + 500 + 25 ng L-1; Mix D: 100 + 1000 + 100 ng L-1. Different endpoints were assessed, including disturbance in the burrowing behaviour, neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase - AChE activity), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase - SOD; catalase - CAT; selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase - Se-GPx and total glutathione peroxidases T-GPx activities), biotransformation metabolism (glutathione-S-transferases - GST), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and genotoxicity (DNA damage). Biological effects of the mixtures of anticancer compounds on N. diversicolor were compared with previous studies about effects on the same biological model under single-drug exposure conducted with the same molecules. Regarding SOD activity, TAM showed an antagonist effect over CisPt and CP in mixtures C and D. In Mix D, there was a synergistic effect of TAM and CisPt that inhibited CAT activity and an additive interaction of CisPt and CP on the Phase II biotransformation enzyme. Drugs in Mix A also suppressed polychaetes' GST activity, although different from the respective single-drug responses, besides able to induce T-GPx activity, that was not sufficient to avoid oxidative damage and mid-grade DNA damage. Due to the absence of burrowing impairment in Mix A, mechanisms involved in neurotoxicity were other than the one driven by AChE alterations. At the intermediary concentrations (Mix B and C), only LPO occurred. Data from drugs individually may not predict the risks provided by mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainá Garcia da Fonseca
- Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIMA), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal; NEPEA, Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia. Aquática, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus do Litoral Paulista, São Vicente, SP, 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Denis M S Abessa
- NEPEA, Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia. Aquática, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus do Litoral Paulista, São Vicente, SP, 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Maria João Bebianno
- Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIMA), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal.
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13
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Fang TH, Lin CW, Kao CH. Occurrence and distribution of pharmaceutical compounds in the Danshuei River Estuary and the Northern Taiwan Strait. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:509-520. [PMID: 31426188 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ten pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) were determined in northern Taiwan estuarine waters and Taiwan Strait (TS) seawater. The ecological risk of these PhACs was assessed using risk quotient (RQ), which is the ratio of the measured maximum concentration to the predicted no-effect concentration. Six PhACs were detected within the estuarine waters. Caffeine concentration (130-718 ng l-1) was the highest among the analyzed PhACs. The distribution of PhACs in the Danshuei River Estuary generally exhibited addition behavior, except that caffeine showed conservative behavior. Carbamazepine, gemfibrozil, caffeine, and ketoprofen were detected in TS seawaters. Their concentrations follow the sequence: gemfibrozil > ketoprofen > caffeine > carbamazepine. The caffeine concentrations in TS seawaters were 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than those in Danshuei estuarine waters. With few exceptions for caffeine, erythromycin, and sulfadiazine posing low risk in some estuarine waters, most of the RQ values were <0.01, suggesting no adverse effects on aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Hsi Fang
- Department of Marine Environmental Informatics, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Wei Lin
- Department of Marine Environmental Informatics, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiang Kao
- Department of Marine Environmental Informatics, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
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14
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Mdaini Z, El Cafsi M, Tremblay R, Pharand P, Gagné JP. Spatio-temporal variability of biomarker responses and lipid composition of Marphysa sanguinea, Montagu (1813) in the anthropic impacted lagoon of Tunis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 144:275-286. [PMID: 31179997 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study the Polychaeta Marphysa sanguinea, was tested to investigate the impact of metal pollution on the environmental state of a coastal Mediterranean lagoon, Tunis Lagoon (Tunisia). A multi-biomarker approach comprising glutathione-stransferase, cyclooxygenase, lysozyme activity, and lipid class composition of the Polychaeta was employed on a seasonal basis in the present investigation. The multivariate statistical approach (principal component analysis and Pearson correlation) clearly demonstrated different spatial patterns in biomarker values and lipid class concentrations. The phospholipids were the dominant lipid class in M. sanguinea, with the highest value found at the control station. The impact of pollution was most clearly observed on the main storage lipid class, triacylglycerol, which was lowest in the most impacted sites. Our work suggests that M. sanguinea can be used in warmer Mediterranean costal habitats as a sentinel species of contaminated ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zied Mdaini
- Faculté des Sciences Mathématiques, Physiques et Naturelles de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Campus El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie; Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada.
| | - M'hamed El Cafsi
- Faculté des Sciences Mathématiques, Physiques et Naturelles de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Campus El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Rejean Tremblay
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Pamela Pharand
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Gagné
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
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15
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Goodchild CG, Simpson AM, Minghetti M, DuRant SE. Bioenergetics-adverse outcome pathway: Linking organismal and suborganismal energetic endpoints to adverse outcomes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:27-45. [PMID: 30259559 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) link toxicity across levels of biological organization, and thereby facilitate the development of suborganismal responses predictive of whole-organism toxicity and provide the mechanistic information necessary for science-based extrapolation to population-level effects. Thus far AOPs have characterized various acute and chronic toxicity pathways; however, the potential for AOPs to explicitly characterize indirect, energy-mediated effects from toxicants has yet to be fully explored. Indeed, although exposure to contaminants can alter an organism's energy budget, energetic endpoints are rarely incorporated into ecological risk assessment because there is not an integrative framework for linking energetic effects to organismal endpoints relevant to risk assessment (e.g., survival, reproduction, growth). In the present analysis, we developed a generalized bioenergetics-AOP in an effort to make better use of energetic endpoints in risk assessment, specifically exposure scenarios that generate an energetic burden to organisms. To evaluate empirical support for a bioenergetics-AOP, we analyzed published data for links between energetic endpoints across levels of biological organization. We found correlations between 1) cellular energy allocation and whole-animal growth, and 2) metabolic rate and scope for growth. Moreover, we reviewed literature linking energy availability to nontraditional toxicological endpoints (e.g., locomotor performance), and found evidence that toxicants impair aerobic performance and activity. We conclude by highlighting current knowledge gaps that should be addressed to develop specific bioenergetics-AOPs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:27-45. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam M Simpson
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Penn State Erie, The Behrend College, Erie, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Sarah E DuRant
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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16
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Fonseca TG, Auguste M, Ribeiro F, Cardoso C, Mestre NC, Abessa DMS, Bebianno MJ. Environmental relevant levels of the cytotoxic drug cyclophosphamide produce harmful effects in the polychaete Nereis diversicolor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:798-809. [PMID: 29727846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic drugs applied in chemotherapy enter the aquatic environment after patient's metabolism and excretion, in both main compounds and their respective metabolites. The increased consumption and discharge of these drugs raise concern on the genotoxic burden to non-target aquatic species, due to their unselective action on DNA. Settlement and adsorption of cytotoxic drugs to aquatic sediments pose risks to benthic species through chronic exposure. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects induced by the anticancer drug cyclophosphamide (CP) on the polychaete Nereis diversicolor, after 14 days of exposure to environmental relevant concentrations (10, 100, 500 and 1000 ng L-1). Burrowing impairment, neurotoxicity (Acetylcholinesterase - AChE activity), oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase - SOD; catalase - CAT; glutathione peroxidases - GPXs activities), biotransformation (glutathione-S-transferases - GST), oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation - LPO) and genotoxicity (DNA damage) were assessed. Burrowing impairments were higher at the lowest CP concentrations tested. The higher CP levels tested (500 and 1000 ng L-1) induced a significant inhibition on the enzymatic antioxidant system (SOD, GPx) and on GST activity. DNA damage was also significant at these concentrations as an outcome of CP metabolism, and high levels of oxidative damage occurred. The results showed that the prodrug CP was metabolically activated in the benthic biological model N. diversicolor. In addition to the potential cytotoxic impact likely to be caused in aquatic species with similar metabolism, N. diversicolor proved to be reliable and vulnerable to the cytotoxic mode of action of CP, even at the lower doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Fonseca
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal; NEPEA, Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia. Aquática, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Campus Experimental do Litoral Paulista, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - M Auguste
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal
| | - F Ribeiro
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal
| | - C Cardoso
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal
| | - N C Mestre
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal
| | - D M S Abessa
- NEPEA, Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia. Aquática, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Campus Experimental do Litoral Paulista, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - M J Bebianno
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal.
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17
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Díaz-Garduño B, Perales JA, Garrido-Pérez C, Martín-Díaz ML. Health status alterations in Ruditapes philippinarum after continuous secondary effluent exposure before and after additional tertiary treatment application. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 235:720-729. [PMID: 29339341 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A mobile pilot plant was set up in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in southwest Spain to address potential adverse effects of effluents as a whole contaminant, which are discharging into marine environments. Ruditapes philippinarum specimens were exposed to different effluent concentrations (50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, and 3.15%) during seven days. After effluent exposure, lysosomal membrane stability alterations (LMS), changes in the energy status storage (total lipids content (TLP) and in the mitochondrial electron transport (MET), inhibition of inflammatory mechanisms (cyclooxygenase activity (COX)), and neurotoxic effects (acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were determined in exposed organisms. Furthermore, potential toxic reduction in the effluent was analysed by the application of an additional microalgae tertiary treatment called photobiotreatment (PhtBio). Results after PhtBio confirmed the toxic effect reduction in exposed organisms. Neuroendocrine effects, alterations in energy budget and in lipid storage revealed alterations in clam's health status causing stress conditions after effluent exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Díaz-Garduño
- Physical Chemical Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI•MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - J A Perales
- Environmental Technologies Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI•MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - C Garrido-Pérez
- Environmental Technologies Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI•MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - M L Martín-Díaz
- Physical Chemical Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI•MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
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18
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Díaz-Garduño B, Perales JA, Biel-Maeso M, Pintado-Herrera MG, Lara-Martin PA, Garrido-Pérez C, Martín-Díaz ML. Biochemical responses of Solea senegalensis after continuous flow exposure to urban effluents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 615:486-497. [PMID: 29017122 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Urban effluent potential toxicity was assessed by a battery of biomarkers aimed at determining sub-lethal effects after continuous exposure on the marine organism Solea senegalensis. Specimens were exposed to five effluent concentrations (1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32) during 7-days, simulating the dispersion plume at the discharge point. Three different groups of biomarkers were selected in the present study: biomarkers of exposure (Phase I: EROD and DBF; Phase II: GST), biomarkers with antioxidant responses (GR and GPX) and biomarkers of effects (DNA damage and LPO). Additionally, a biological depuration treatment (photobiotreatment (PhtBio)) was tested in order to reduce the adverse effects on aquatic organisms. Effluent exposure caused sub-lethal responses in juvenile fish suggesting oxidative stress. After PhtBio application, concentrations of the major part of measured contaminants were reduced, as well as their bioavailability and adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Díaz-Garduño
- Physical Chemical Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - J A Perales
- Environmental Technologies Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - M Biel-Maeso
- Physical Chemical Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - M G Pintado-Herrera
- Physical Chemical Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - P A Lara-Martin
- Physical Chemical Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - C Garrido-Pérez
- Environmental Technologies Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - M L Martín-Díaz
- Physical Chemical Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
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19
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Pusceddu FH, Choueri RB, Pereira CDS, Cortez FS, Santos DRA, Moreno BB, Santos AR, Rogero JR, Cesar A. Environmental risk assessment of triclosan and ibuprofen in marine sediments using individual and sub-individual endpoints. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 232:274-283. [PMID: 28958726 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The guidelines for the Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP) recommend the use of standard ecotoxicity assays and the assessment of endpoints at the individual level to evaluate potential effects of PPCP on biota. However, effects at the sub-individual level can also affect the ecological fitness of marine organisms chronically exposed to PPCP. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the environmental risk of two PPCP in marine sediments: triclosan (TCS) and ibuprofen (IBU), using sub-individual and developmental endpoints. The environmental levels of TCS and IBU were quantified in marine sediments from the vicinities of the Santos submarine sewage outfall (Santos Bay, São Paulo, Brazil) at 15.14 and 49.0 ng g-1, respectively. A battery (n = 3) of chronic bioassays (embryo-larval development) with a sea urchin (Lytechinus variegatus) and a bivalve (Perna perna) were performed using two exposure conditions: sediment-water interface and elutriates. Moreover, physiological stress through the Neutral Red Retention Time Assay (NRRT) was assessed in the estuarine bivalve Mytella charruana exposed to TCS and IBU spiked sediments. These compounds affected the development of L. variegatus and P. perna (75 ng g-1 for TCS and 15 ng g-1 for IBU), and caused a significant decrease in M. charruana lysosomal membrane stability at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.08 ng g-1 for TCS and 0.15 ng g-1 for IBU). Chemical and ecotoxicological data were integrated and the risk quotient estimated for TCS and IBU were higher than 1.0, indicating a high environmental risk of these compounds in sediments. These are the first data of sediment risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and personal care products of Latin America. In addition, the results suggest that the ERA based only on individual-level and standard toxicity tests may overlook other biological effects that can affect the health of marine organisms exposed to PPCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Pusceddu
- Centro de Química e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - R B Choueri
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Campus Baixada Santista, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - C D S Pereira
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Santos, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Campus Baixada Santista, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - F S Cortez
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - D R A Santos
- Centro de Química e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - B B Moreno
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - A R Santos
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - J R Rogero
- Centro de Química e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A Cesar
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Santos, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Campus Baixada Santista, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
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Afonso-Olivares C, Sosa-Ferrera Z, Santana-Rodríguez JJ. Occurrence and environmental impact of pharmaceutical residues from conventional and natural wastewater treatment plants in Gran Canaria (Spain). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:934-943. [PMID: 28505885 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The presence and fate of pharmaceutical residues in environmental samples are of great interest. There is a vast number of studies published regarding their input, presence, effects and risks in ecosystems. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that the primary source of input of these contaminants in the environment is from Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs). It is therefore essential to evaluate the efficiency of commonly used treatments and the necessity of applying novel purification processes in order to eliminate or reduce the concentration of pharmaceuticals from wastewater or from the effluent of WWTPs. The aim of this work was to quantify twenty-three pharmaceutical compounds in the aqueous phase at different stages of a conventional and a natural WWTP situated in Gran Canaria (Spain). The results indicate concentration levels in the range of 0.004±0.001 to 59.2±11.7μgL-1 and 0.018±0.001 to 148±14.7μgL-1 from conventional and natural WWTPs, respectively. Better efficiency was, however, offered by the conventional WWTP with a removal median of 99.7%. In addition, the impact on different aquatic organisms (algae, daphnids and fish) was assessed in terms of risk quotients. The results reveal a possible highly harmful effect towards organisms by gemfibrozil, ibuprofen and ofloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Afonso-Olivares
- Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Z Sosa-Ferrera
- Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - J J Santana-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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21
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Ferraz MA, Alves AV, de Cássia Muniz C, Pusceddu FH, Gusso-Choueri PK, Santos AR, Choueri RB. Sediment toxicity identification evaluation (TIE phases I and II) based on microscale bioassays for diagnosing causes of toxicity in coastal areas affected by domestic sewage. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:1820-1832. [PMID: 28401990 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Domestic sewage is a major problem in highly urbanized coastal areas worldwide. In the present study, toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) phases I and II were applied to sediment interstitial water from 2 locations along the São Paulo coast in southeastern Brazil: the sewage outfalls from the city of Santos, a densely urbanized area, and the city of Bertioga, a less urbanized area. An adapted microscale sea urchin embryo-larval development bioassay was employed. Phase TIE-I manipulations were 1) ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) addition, 2) aeration at modified pH, 3) C18 solid-phase extraction (SPE), and 4) addition of Na2 S2 O3 . The results of the Santos TIE-I indicated toxicity by sulfides and substances with affinity to C18 resin. In Bertioga, toxicity was the result of NH3 , metals, and arsenic, as well as substances with affinity to C18 resin. Phase TIE-II aimed to specify the causes of toxicity by testing the toxicity of eluates of the sublation and C18 SPE manipulation. The results reinforced the role of both surfactants and nonpolar compounds as causative agents of toxicity in both Santos and Bertioga. Chemical analyses of sediment interstitial water or whole sediment ruled out the influence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the toxicity of both sampling sites. Other hydrophobic substances may play a role in the toxicity of Santos and Bertioga effluents. Efforts to remove such substances from sanitary effluents must be prioritized. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1820-1832. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline Vecchio Alves
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Santa Cecília University, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Integrated Environmental Analysis, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paloma Kachel Gusso-Choueri
- Cellular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Cellular Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratory for the Study of Aquatic Pollution and Ecotoxicology (NEPEA), São Paulo State University, São Vicente Campus (UNESP), Campus do Litoral Paulista, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aldo Ramos Santos
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Santa Cecília University, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Brasil Choueri
- Graduate Program in Integrated Environmental Analysis, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Marine Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Fonseca TG, Morais MB, Rocha T, Abessa DMS, Aureliano M, Bebianno MJ. Ecotoxicological assessment of the anticancer drug cisplatin in the polychaete Nereis diversicolor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:162-172. [PMID: 27744150 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer drugs are designed to inhibit tumor cell proliferation by interacting with DNA and altering cellular growth factors. When released into the waterbodies of municipal and hospital effluents these pharmaceutical compounds may pose a risk to non-target aquatic organisms, due to their mode of action (cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic and teratogenic). The present study aimed to assess the ecotoxicological potential of the alkylating agent cisplatin (CisPt) to the polychaete Nereis diversicolor, at a range of relevant environmental concentrations (i.e. 0.1, 10 and 100ngPtL-1). Behavioural impairment (burrowing kinetic impairment), ion pump effects (SR Ca2+-ATPase), neurotoxicity (AChE activity), oxidative stress (SOD, CAT and GPXs activities), metal exposure (metallothionein-like proteins - MTLP), biotransformation (GST), oxidative damage (LPO) and genotoxicity (DNA damage), were selected as endpoints to evaluate the sublethal responses of the ragworms after 14-days of exposure in a water-sediment system. Significant burrowing impairment occurred in worms exposed to the highest CisPt concentration (100ngPtL-1) along with neurotoxic effects. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT) and second phase biotransformation enzyme (GST) was inhibited but such effects were compensated by MTLP induction. Furthermore, LPO levels also increased. Results showed that the mode of action of cisplatin may pose a risk to this aquatic species even at the range of ngL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Fonseca
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal; NEPEA, Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia. Aquática, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Campus Experimental do Litoral Paulista, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, 11330-900, São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - M B Morais
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal
| | - T Rocha
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal
| | - D M S Abessa
- NEPEA, Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia. Aquática, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Campus Experimental do Litoral Paulista, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, 11330-900, São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - M Aureliano
- CCMar, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal
| | - M J Bebianno
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal.
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23
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Moreira LB, Maranho LA, Baena-Nogueras RM, Lara-Martín PA, Martín-Díaz ML. Effects of novobiocin and methotrexate on the benthic amphipod Ampelisca brevicornis exposed to spiked sediments. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 122:169-177. [PMID: 27829510 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The marine amphipod Ampelisca brevicornis was used as model organism of benthic macrofauna to assess the possible adverse effects of pharmaceuticals bound to sediments. Organisms were exposed to sediment spiked with novobiocin (NOV) and methotrexate (MTX) for 10 days in order to estimate the acute toxicity (lethal effects) produced by the two compounds. The surviving organisms were pooled and analyzed to determine their sublethal responses associated with different phases of metabolism (enzyme activities in phases I and II), oxidative stress (antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation), and genotoxicity (DNA damage in the form of strand breaks). No lethal or sublethal effects were observed in the amphipods exposed to NOV. For organisms exposed to sediments spiked with MTX the results were found to calculate the concentration that was lethal to 50% of the organisms exposed in the toxicity tests (LC50 of 30.36 ng/g). MTX also induced the metabolism of enzyme detoxification activities in phases I and II. Oxidative stress and DNA damage in particular were also observed, indicating responses associated with MTX's mechanism of action. Both mortality and the set of applied biomarkers allowed for the assessment of bioavailability, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity of NOV and MTX. The information obtained in this investigation can assist in ecological risk assessment of marine sediments contaminated by pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Buruaem Moreira
- São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Bioscience Institute. Pça. Infante D. Henrique, 11330-900, São Vicente, Brazil; Marine Sciences Institute, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60165-081, Brazil.
| | - Luciane Alves Maranho
- São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Bioscience Institute. Pça. Infante D. Henrique, 11330-900, São Vicente, Brazil; Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Rosa María Baena-Nogueras
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Pablo Antonio Lara-Martín
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Maria Laura Martín-Díaz
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510, Cádiz, Spain
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24
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Prichard E, Granek EF. Effects of pharmaceuticals and personal care products on marine organisms: from single-species studies to an ecosystem-based approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:22365-22384. [PMID: 27617334 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are contaminants of emerging concern that are increasing in use and have demonstrated negative effects on aquatic organisms. There is a growing body of literature reporting the effects of PPCPs on freshwater organisms, but studies on the effects of PPCPs to marine and estuarine organisms are limited. Among effect studies, the vast majority examines subcellular or cellular effects, with far fewer studies examining organismal- and community-level effects. We reviewed the current published literature on marine and estuarine algae, invertebrates, fish, and mammals exposed to PPCPs, in order to expand upon current reviews. This paper builds on previous reviews of PPCP contamination in marine environments, filling prior literature gaps and adding consideration of ecosystem function and level of knowledge across marine habitat types. Finally, we reviewed and compiled data gaps suggested by current researchers and reviewers and propose a multi-level model to expand the focus of current PPCP research beyond laboratory studies. This model includes examination of direct ecological effects including food web and disease dynamics, biodiversity, community composition, and other ecosystem-level indicators of contaminant-driven change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Prichard
- Environmental Science & Management, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Elise F Granek
- Environmental Science & Management, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
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25
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Pires A, Almeida Â, Calisto V, Schneider RJ, Esteves VI, Wrona FJ, Soares AMVM, Figueira E, Freitas R. Hediste diversicolor as bioindicator of pharmaceutical pollution: Results from single and combined exposure to carbamazepine and caffeine. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 188:30-8. [PMID: 27327394 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Several environmental stressors have been identified as key and/or emerging drivers of habitat change that could significantly influence marine near-shore ecosystems. These include increasing discharges of pharmaceutical contaminants into the aquatic coastal systems. Pharmaceutical drugs are often detected in aquatic environments but still information on their toxicity impacts on inhabiting species is scarce, especially when acting in combination. Furthermore, almost no information is available on the impacts of pharmaceuticals in polychaetes, often the most abundant taxon in benthic communities and commonly used as indicator species of environmental conditions. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the biochemical alterations induced in the polychaete Hediste diversicolor, from a low contaminated area at the Ria de Aveiro lagoon (Portugal), by the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (0.0 - control, 0.3, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0μg/L) and the stimulant caffeine (0.0 - control, 0.5, 3.0, and 18.0μg/L), acting alone and in combination (0.3 CBZ+0.5 CAF and 6.0 CBZ+3.0 CAF). Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities was determined in Hediste diversicolor from each condition. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione reduced and oxidized (GSH and GSSG), glycogen and electron transport system (ETS) were also measured. The results obtained clearly revealed that both drugs induced oxidative stress in H. diversicolor, shown by the increase on LPO levels and decrease on total glutathione and GSH/GSSG ratio with the increase of exposure concentrations. Furthermore, the present findings demonstrated that polychaetes biotransformation capacity as well as antioxidant defense mechanisms were not sufficiently efficient to fight against the excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to LPO when organisms were exposed to both drugs. Our results also demonstrated that polychaetes tended to decrease the activity of ETS when exposed to drugs, avoiding energy expenditure which may prevent them from greater damages. The present study further revealed that the impacts induced by the combination of both drugs were similar to those obtained at the highest drugs concentrations acting alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adília Pires
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ângela Almeida
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vânia Calisto
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rudolf J Schneider
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und - prüfung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Frederick J Wrona
- Department of Geography David Turpin Building University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | | | - Etelvina Figueira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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26
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Bayen S, Estrada ES, Juhel G, Kit LW, Kelly BC. Pharmaceutically active compounds and endocrine disrupting chemicals in water, sediments and mollusks in mangrove ecosystems from Singapore. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 109:716-722. [PMID: 27393211 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the occurrence of bisphenol A (BPA), atrazine and selected pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in mangrove habitats in Singapore in 2012-2013, using multiple tools (sediment sampling, POCIS and filter feeder molluscs). Using POCIS, the same suite of contaminants (atrazine, BPA and eleven PhACs) was detected in mangrove waters in 28-days deployments in both 2012 and 2013. POCIS concentrations ranged from pg/L to μg/L. Caffeine, BPA, carbamazepine, E1, triclosan, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, and lincomycin were also detected in mangrove sediments from the low pg/g dw (e.g. carbamazepine) to ng/g dw (e.g. BPA). The detection of caffeine, carbamazepine, BPA, sulfamethoxazole or lincomycin in bivalve tissues also showed that these chemicals are bioavailable in the mangrove habitat. Since there are some indications that some pharmaceutically active substances may be biologically active in the low ppb range in marine species, further assessment should be completed based on ecotoxicological data specific to mangrove species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Bayen
- Singapore-Delft Water Alliance, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Elvagris Segovia Estrada
- Singapore-Delft Water Alliance, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guillaume Juhel
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lee Wei Kit
- Singapore-Delft Water Alliance, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barry C Kelly
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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27
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Pires A, Almeida Â, Calisto V, Schneider RJ, Esteves VI, Wrona FJ, Soares AMVM, Figueira E, Freitas R. Long-term exposure of polychaetes to caffeine: Biochemical alterations induced in Diopatra neapolitana and Arenicola marina. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 214:456-463. [PMID: 27112728 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade studies have reported the presence of several pharmaceutical drugs in aquatic environments worldwide and an increasing effort has been done to understand the impacts induced on wildlife. Among the most abundant drugs in the environment is caffeine, which has been reported as an effective chemical anthropogenic marker. However, as for the majority of pharmaceuticals, scarce information is available on the adverse effects of caffeine on marine benthic organisms, namely polychaetes which are the most abundant group of organisms in several aquatic ecossystems. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the biochemical alterations induced by environmentally relevant concentrations of caffeine on the polychaete species Diopatra neapolitana and Arenicola marina. The results obtained demonstrated that after 28 days exposure oxidative stress was induced in both species, especially noticed in A. marina, resulting from the incapacity of antioxidant and biotransformation enzymes to prevent cells from lipid peroxidation. The present study further revealed that D. neapolitana used glycogen and proteins as energy to develop defense mechanisms while in A. marina these reserves were maintained independently on the exposure concentration, reinforcing the low capacity of this species to fight against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adília Pires
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ângela Almeida
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vânia Calisto
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rudolf J Schneider
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter Str. 11, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Frederick J Wrona
- Department of Geography, University of Victoria, National Water Research Institute, STN CSC, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | - Etelvina Figueira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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28
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Freitas R, Pires A, Moreira A, Wrona FJ, Figueira E, Soares AMVM. Biochemical alterations induced in Hediste diversicolor under seawater acidification conditions. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 117:75-84. [PMID: 27088614 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Seawater pH is among the environmental factors controlling the performance of marine organisms, especially in calcifying marine invertebrates. However, changes in non-calcifying organisms (including polychaetes) may also occur due to pH decrease. Polychaetes are often the most abundant group of organisms in estuarine systems, representing an important ecological and economic resource. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the impacts of seawater acidification in the polychaete Hediste diversicolor, a species commonly used as bioindicator. For this, organisms were exposed to different pH levels (7.9, 7.6 and 7.3) during 28 days and several biochemical markers were measured. The results obtained demonstrated that pH decrease negatively affected osmotic regulation and polychaetes metabolism, with individuals under low pH (7.6 and 7.3) presenting higher carbonic anhydrase activity, lower energy reserves (protein and glycogen content) and higher metabolic rate (measured as Electron transport system activity). The increase on CA activity was associated to organisms osmoregulation capacity while the increase on ETS and decrease on energy reserves was associated to the polychaetes capacity to develop defense mechanisms (e.g. antioxidant defenses). In fact, despite having observed higher lipid peroxidation at pH 7.6, in polychaetes at the lowest tested pH (7.3) LPO levels were similar to values recorded in individuals under control pH (7.9). Such findings may result from higher antioxidant enzyme activity at the lowest tested pH, which prevented organisms from higher oxidative stress levels. Overall, our study demonstrated how polychaetes may respond to near-future ocean acidification conditions, exhibiting the capacity to develop biochemical strategies which will prevent organisms from lethal injuries. Such defense strategies will contribute for polychaetes populations maintenance and survival under predicted seawater acidification scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Freitas
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Adília Pires
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Anthony Moreira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Frederick J Wrona
- Department of Geography, David Turpin Building, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Etelvina Figueira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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29
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Pereira CDS, Maranho LA, Cortez FS, Pusceddu FH, Santos AR, Ribeiro DA, Cesar A, Guimarães LL. Occurrence of pharmaceuticals and cocaine in a Brazilian coastal zone. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 548-549:148-154. [PMID: 26802343 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study determined environmental concentrations of pharmaceuticals, cocaine, and the main human metabolite of cocaine in seawater sampled from a subtropical coastal zone (Santos, Brazil). The Santos Bay is located in a metropolitan region and receives over 7367m(3) of wastewater per day. Five sample points under strong influence of the submarine sewage outfall were chosen. Through quantitative analysis by LC-MS/MS, 33 compounds were investigated. Seven pharmaceuticals (atenolol, acetaminophen, caffeine, losartan, valsartan, diclofenac, and ibuprofen), an illicit drug (cocaine), and its main human metabolite (benzoylecgonine) were detected at least once in seawater sampled from Santos Bay at concentrations that ranged from ng·L(-1) to μg·L(-1). In light of the possibility of bioaccumulation and harmful effects, the high concentrations of pharmaceuticals and cocaine found in this marine subtropical ecosystem are of environmental concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo D Seabra Pereira
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Av. Saldanha da Gama n.89, 11030-400 Santos, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 266, 11045-907 Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luciane A Maranho
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Av. Saldanha da Gama n.89, 11030-400 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando S Cortez
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 266, 11045-907 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio H Pusceddu
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 266, 11045-907 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Aldo R Santos
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 266, 11045-907 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Av. Ana Costa 95, 11060-001 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Augusto Cesar
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Av. Saldanha da Gama n.89, 11030-400 Santos, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 266, 11045-907 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana L Guimarães
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, PPG em Sustentabilidade de Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Cesário Mota 8, 11045-040 Santos, SP, Brazil
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Freitas R, Almeida Â, Pires A, Velez C, Calisto V, Schneider RJ, Esteves VI, Wrona FJ, Figueira E, Soares AMVM. The effects of carbamazepine on macroinvertebrate species: Comparing bivalves and polychaetes biochemical responses. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 85:137-147. [PMID: 26312440 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the bivalve Scrobicularia plana and the polychaete Diopatra neapolitana were exposed to an increasing carbamazepine (CBZ) concentration gradient. Both species are among the most widely used bioindicators, and CBZ is one of the most commonly found drugs in the aquatic environment. After a chronic exposure (28 days), the results obtained revealed that CBZ induced biochemical alterations in both species. Our findings demonstrated that S. plana and D. neapolitana reduced the CBZ accumulation rate at higher CBZ concentrations, probably due to their capacity to decrease their feeding rates at stressful conditions. Nevertheless, this defence mechanism was not enough to prevent both species from oxidative stress. In fact, S. plana and D. neapolitana were not able to efficiently activate their antioxidant defence mechanisms which resulted in the increase of lipid peroxidation, especially at the highest CBZ concentrations. Comparing both species, it seems that S. plana was the most sensitive species since stronger biochemical alterations were observed in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Freitas
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ângela Almeida
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adília Pires
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cátia Velez
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vânia Calisto
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rudolf J Schneider
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter -Str. 11, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Frederick J Wrona
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Geography, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, David Turpin Building, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Etelvina Figueira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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