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Milinkovitch T, Marras S, Antognarelli F, Lefrançois C, Le Floch S, Domenici P. The effects of hypoxia on aerobic metabolism in oil-contaminated sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126678. [PMID: 32278192 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia and petrogenic hydrocarbon contamination are two anthropogenic stressors that coexist in coastal environments. Although studies have estimated the impact of each stressor separately, few investigations have assessed the effects of these stressors in interaction. We therefore investigated the impact of these combined stressors on sea bass, (Dicentrarchus labrax) physiology. After experimental contamination with physically dispersed oil, fish were exposed to hypoxia or normoxia, and active/standard metabolic rates (AMR and SMR, respectively), and metabolic scope (MS) were estimated. At the protocol's end, the uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was estimated by evaluating relative concentrations of bile metabolites. In terms of bile metabolites, our results validated the uptake of PAHs by contaminated fish in our experimental settings, and further suggest that the hypoxic period after contamination does not reduce or increase compound metabolization processes. Our data showed significant effects of hypoxia on all metabolic rates: a significant drastic AMR reduction and significant SMR diminution led to decreased MS. We also found that oil contamination significantly impacted AMR and MS, but not SMR. These results suggested that when evaluated separately, hypoxia or oil affect the metabolic rate of sea bass. On the other hand, when evaluated in combination, no cumulative effects were observed, since fish exposed to both stressors did not show a stronger impact on metabolism than fish exposed to hypoxia alone. This suggests that oil impacts fish metabolism when fish occupy normoxic waters, and that oil does not magnify hypoxia-induced effects on fish metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Milinkovitch
- CNR-IAS, Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino, Località Sa Mardini, 09170, Torregrande, Oristano, Italy.
| | - Stefano Marras
- CNR-IAS, Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino, Località Sa Mardini, 09170, Torregrande, Oristano, Italy.
| | - Fabio Antognarelli
- CNR-IAS, Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino, Località Sa Mardini, 09170, Torregrande, Oristano, Italy.
| | - Christel Lefrançois
- LIENSs UMR 7266, Littoral Environnement et sociétés, La Rochelle, 17000, France
| | - Stéphane Le Floch
- Centre de Documentation de Recherche et d'Expérimentations sur les Pollutions Accidentelles des Eaux (CEDRE), 715 rue Alain Colas, CS41836-F-29218, Brest Cedex 2, France.
| | - Paolo Domenici
- CNR-IAS, Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino, Località Sa Mardini, 09170, Torregrande, Oristano, Italy.
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2
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Milinkovitch T, Antognarelli F, Lacroix C, Marras S, Satta A, Le Floch S, Domenici P. The effect of hypoxia and hydrocarbons on the anti-predator performance of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 251:581-590. [PMID: 31108291 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydrocarbons contamination and hypoxia are two stressors that can coexist in coastal ecosystems. At present, few studies evaluated the combined impact of these stressors on fish physiology and behavior. Here, we tested the effect of the combination of hypoxia and petrogenic hydrocarbons on the anti-predator locomotor performance of fish. Specifically, two groups of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were exposed to clean water (Ctrl) or oil-contaminated water (Oil). Subsequently, fish of both groups were placed in normoxic (norx) or hypoxic (hyp) experimental tanks (i.e. four groups of fish were formed: Ctrl norx, Ctrl hyp, Oil norx, Oil hyp). In these tanks, escape response was elicited by a mechano-acoustic stimulus and recorded with a high speed camera. Several variables were analyzed: escape response duration, responsiveness (percentage of fish responding to the stimulation), latency (time taken by the fish to initiate a response), directionality (defined as away or toward the stimulus), distance-time variables (such as speed and acceleration), maneuverability variables (such as turning rate), escape trajectory (angle of flight) and distancing of the fish from the stimulus. Results revealed (i) effects of stressors (Ctrl hyp, Oil norx and Oil hyp) on the directionality; (ii) effects of Oil norx and Oil hyp on maneuverability and (iii) effects of Oil hyp on distancing. These results suggest that individual stressors could alter the escape response of fish and that their combination could strengthen these effects. Such an impact could decrease the probability of prey escape success. By investigating the effects of hydrocarbons (and the interaction with hypoxia) on the anti-predator behavior of fish, this work increases our understanding of the biological impact of oil spill. Additionally, the results of this study are of interest for oil spill impact evaluation and also for developing new ecotoxicological tools of ecological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Milinkovitch
- CNR-IAMC, Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, Località Sa Mardini, 09170, Torregrande, Oristano, Italy.
| | - Fabio Antognarelli
- CNR-IAMC, Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, Località Sa Mardini, 09170, Torregrande, Oristano, Italy.
| | - Camille Lacroix
- Centre de Documentation de Recherche et d'Expérimentations sur les Pollutions Accidentelles des Eaux (CEDRE), 715 rue Alain Colas, CS41836-F-29218, Brest Cedex 2, France.
| | - Stefano Marras
- CNR-IAMC, Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, Località Sa Mardini, 09170, Torregrande, Oristano, Italy.
| | - Andrea Satta
- CNR-IAMC, Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, Località Sa Mardini, 09170, Torregrande, Oristano, Italy.
| | - Stéphane Le Floch
- Centre de Documentation de Recherche et d'Expérimentations sur les Pollutions Accidentelles des Eaux (CEDRE), 715 rue Alain Colas, CS41836-F-29218, Brest Cedex 2, France.
| | - Paolo Domenici
- CNR-IAMC, Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, Località Sa Mardini, 09170, Torregrande, Oristano, Italy.
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Santana MS, Sandrini-Neto L, Filipak Neto F, Oliveira Ribeiro CA, Di Domenico M, Prodocimo MM. Biomarker responses in fish exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): Systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:449-461. [PMID: 30005257 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers of antioxidant and biotransformation systems are commonly used to assess polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution in fish. Despite their extensive application of biomarkers, contradictory results are vastly reported in the literature, even for the same species in similar contamination scenarios. This study aims to verify response patterns of biomarkers in fish exposed to PAHs. Through systematic reviews and meta-analyses, we were able to evaluate: (i) overall magnitude of PAHs effects on biotransformation and oxidative stress biomarkers; (ii) patterns of response among experimental approaches (laboratory, field and active biomonitoring), environment (marine and freshwater) and fish habitat (pelagic, demersal, etc.); (iii) effects of exposure route, time and concentration of PAHs; and (iv) which biomarkers respond best to PAHs exposure. Overall, biomarker responses were significantly affected by PAHs exposure. The activities of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and levels of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and lipid peroxide (LPO) significantly increased in fish exposed to PAHs, whereas catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities and levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) were not affected. Amongst responsive biomarkers, EROD and GST activities significantly differed among approaches and between marine and freshwater environments, but were not affected by fish habitat. GSSG levels were higher in fish from laboratory bioassays compared to the field, but did not differ between environments nor habitats. Exposure route played a major role only for GST and GPx responses. Finally, increasing PAHs concentration and exposure time had a significant effect on all assessed biomarkers, except for CAT. We conclude that EROD and GST are robust biomarkers to assess PAHs effects in fish. Contrarily, CAT is an inadequate biomarker of PAHs exposure since no significant response was observed. Our study also highlighted some research gaps in PAHs contamination studies, such as a clear lack of active biomonitoring experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela S Santana
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Sandrini-Neto
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 83255-976, Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Francisco Filipak Neto
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ciro A Oliveira Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maikon Di Domenico
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 83255-976, Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maritana M Prodocimo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Wise CF, Wise JTF, Wise SS, Wise JP. Chemically dispersed oil is cytotoxic and genotoxic to sperm whale skin cells. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 208:64-70. [PMID: 29104176 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Two major oil crises in United States history, the 1989 Exxon-Valdez oil spill in Alaska and the 2010 Deepwater Horizon Oil Rig explosion in the Gulf of Mexico, drew attention to the need for toxicological experiments on oil and chemically dispersed oil. We are still learning the effects these spills had on wildlife. However, little data is known about the toxicity of these substances in marine mammals. The objective of this study is to determine the toxicity of Alaskan oil, as well as chemically dispersed oil. Oil experiments were performed using the water accommodated fraction of Alaskan oil (WAF) and the chemically enhanced water accommodated fraction of Alaskan oil (CEWAF). The Alaskan WAF is not cytotoxic to sperm whale skin cells though it did induce chromosome damage; S9-mediated metabolism did not affect the cytotoxicity of WAF but did increase the levels of chromosome damage. Alaskan CEWAF is more cytotoxic and genotoxic than the WAF; S9 mediated metabolism increased both cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of CEWAF. Analysis of the PAH content of Alaskan WAF and CEWAF revealed a forty-fold increase in the total levels of PAHs in CEWAF compared to WAF. These findings show that chemically dispersed oil leads to higher levels of PAH exposure which are more toxic and likely to lead to longer and more persistent health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine F Wise
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, 505 S. Prescott St, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - James T F Wise
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, 505 S. Prescott St, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - Sandra S Wise
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, 505 S. Prescott St, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - John Pierce Wise
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, 505 S. Prescott St, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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Wang Y, Shen C, Wang C, Zhou Y, Gao D, Zuo Z. Maternal and embryonic exposure to the water soluble fraction of crude oil or lead induces behavioral abnormalities in zebrafish (Danio rerio), and the mechanisms involved. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 191:7-16. [PMID: 29024898 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The water-soluble fraction (WSF) of crude oil plays an important role in the toxicity of crude oil in aquatic environments. Heavy metals, such as lead (Pb) are also important environmental contaminants, which can reach aquatic systems via the effluents of industrial, urban and mining sources. In the present study, we investigated whether maternal and embryonic exposure to the WSF (5, 50 μg/L) or Pb (10, 100 μg/L) could induce behavioral abnormalities in zebrafish. Our results showed that maternal and embryonic exposure to the WSF (5, 50 μg/L) and Pb (10, 100 μg/L) induced swimming activity alterations in larval and juvenile zebrafish. In 15 days post-fertilization (dpf) larval zebrafish, the distance moved was significantly increased in the groups treated with the WSF (5, 50 μg/L), but the angular velocity and turn angle were decreased after treatment with the WSF (5, 50 μg/L) or Pb (10, 100 μg/L). In 30 dpf juvenile zebrafish, the distance moved was markedly decreased in both groups treated with the WSF (5, 50 μg/L) and the Pb (10 μg/L) group, but the percentage of zebrafish moving up and the inter-fish distance of two juvenile fish were increased after treatment with the WSF (5, 50 μg/L) or Pb (10, 100 μg/L). Maternal and embryonic exposure to the WSF (5, 50 μg/L) or Pb (10, 100 μg/L) likely impaired the brain neurons growth and induced behavioral abnormalities in the larval and juvenile zebrafish. Furthermore, the expressions of some key genes, which were associated with calcium channels, behavioral development or the metabolism of environmental contaminants, were changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Chao Shen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yixi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Dongxu Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
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6
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Curtis LR, Bravo CF, Bayne CJ, Tilton F, Arkoosh MR, Lambertini E, Loge FJ, Collier TK, Meador JP, Tilton SC. Transcriptional changes in innate immunity genes in head kidneys from Aeromonas salmonicida-challenged rainbow trout fed a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 142:157-163. [PMID: 28407501 PMCID: PMC7039304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We previously observed that exposure to a complex mixture of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) increased sensitivity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to subsequent challenge with Aeromonas salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis. In this study, we evaluate potential mechanisms associated with disease susceptibility from combined environmental factors of dietary PAH exposure and pathogen challenge. Rainbow trout were fed a mixture of ten high molecular weight PAHs at an environmentally relevant concentration (7.82μg PAH mixture/g fish/day) or control diet for 50 days. After 50 days of PAH exposure, fish were challenged with either Aeromonas salmonicida at a lethal concentration 30 (LC30) or growth media without the pathogen (mock challenge). Head kidneys were collected 2, 4, 10 and 20 days after challenge and gene expression (q<0.05) was evaluated among treatments. In animals fed the PAH contaminated diet, we observed down-regulation of expression for innate immune system genes in pathways (p<0.05) for the terminal steps of the complement cascade (complement component C6) and other bacteriolytic processes (lysozyme type II) potentially underlying increased disease susceptibility after pathogen challenge. Increased expression of genes associated with hemorrhage/tissue remodeling/inflammation pathways (p<0.05) was likely related to more severe head kidney damage due to infection in PAH-fed compared to control-fed fish. This study is the first to evaluate transcriptional signatures associated with the impact of chronic exposure to an environmentally relevant mixture of PAHs in disease susceptibility and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence R Curtis
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, ALS 1007, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Claudia F Bravo
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, ALS 1007, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Christopher J Bayne
- Department of Integrative and Comparative Biology, Oregon State University, Cordley 3029, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Fred Tilton
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, ALS 1007, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Mary R Arkoosh
- Environmental & Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2030 South Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA
| | - Elisabetta Lambertini
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 9561, USA
| | - Frank J Loge
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 9561, USA
| | - Tracy K Collier
- Environmental & Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2727 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - James P Meador
- Environmental & Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2727 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Susan C Tilton
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, ALS 1007, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Jung JH, Lee EH, Choi KM, Yim UH, Ha SY, An JG, Kim M. Developmental toxicity in flounder embryos exposed to crude oils derived from different geographical regions. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 196:19-26. [PMID: 28274761 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Crude oils from distinct geographical regions have distinct chemical compositions, and, as a result, their toxicity may be different. However, developmental toxicity of crude oils derived from different geographical regions has not been extensively characterized. In this study, flounder embryos were separately exposed to effluents contaminated by three crude oils including: Basrah Light (BLO), Pyrenees (PCO), and Sakhalin Vityaz (SVO), in addition to a processed fuel oil (MFO-380), to measure developmental toxicity and for gene expressions. Each oil possessed a distinct chemical composition. Edema defect was highest in embryos exposed to PCO and MFO-380 that both have a greater fraction of three-ring PAHs (33% and 22%, respectively) compared to BLO and SVO. Observed caudal fin defects were higher in embryos exposed to SVO and MFO-380, which are both dominated by naphthalenes (81% and 52%, respectively). CYP1A gene expressions were also highest in embryos exposed to SVO and MFO-380. Higher incidence of cardiotoxicity and lower nkx 2.5 expression were detected in embryos exposed to PCO. Unique gene expression profiles were observed in embryos exposed to crude oils with distinct compositions. This study demonstrates that crude oils of different geographical origins with different compositional characteristics induce developmental toxicity to different degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Hyun Jung
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Lee
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Min Choi
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yong Ha
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Geon An
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonkoo Kim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Zhao H, Li W, Zhao X, Li X, Yang D, Ren H, Zhou Y. Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) response to crude oil exposure in the polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:616-627. [PMID: 27743327 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7594-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) cDNAs from the polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis were cloned and characterized in order to investigate the relationship between crude oil exposure and stress response in this worm. The full length of PaSOD was 870 bp and PaCAT was 1967 bp encoding 150 and 506 amino acids, respectively. Gene expression and enzyme activity of Cu/Zn SOD and CAT in response to crude oil contaminated soil (500, 1500, and 3000 mg/kg) were measured. The results showed that expression of the CAT gene and enzyme activity in P. aibuhitensis was positively correlated to the concentration of crude oil and reached a maximum at 15 days of exposure to 3000 mg/kg crude oil. The expression of the SOD gene and enzyme activity of SOD in P. aibuhitensis also increased during exposure to crude oil and reached a maximum at 10 days of exposure to 3000 mg/kg crude oil. These results indicated that SOD and CAT are important for maintaining the balance of cellular metabolism and protecting P. aibuhitensis from crude oil toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-Resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, No. 52, HeiShiJiao Street, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanjuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-Resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, No. 52, HeiShiJiao Street, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinda Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-Resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, No. 52, HeiShiJiao Street, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Li
- Dalian Productivity Promotion Center, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116025, People's Republic of China
| | - Dazuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-Resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, No. 52, HeiShiJiao Street, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-Resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, No. 52, HeiShiJiao Street, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-Resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, No. 52, HeiShiJiao Street, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Jia R, Liu BL, Feng WR, Han C, Huang B, Lei JL. Stress and immune responses in skin of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) under different stocking densities. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:131-139. [PMID: 27235366 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fish skin and its mucus provide the first line of defense against chemical, physical and biological stressors, but little is known about the role of skin and its mucus in immune response to crowding stress. In the present study, we investigated the stress and immune responses in skin of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) under different stocking densities. Turbot (average weight 185.4 g) were reared for 120 days under three densities: low density (LD), medium density (MD), and high density (HD). After 120 days, fish were weighed and sampled to obtain blood, mucus and skin tissues which were used for analyses of biochemical parameters and genes expression. The results showed HD treatment significantly suppressed growth and enhanced plasma cortisol and glucose levels (P < 0.05). In mucus, the activities of lysozyme (LZM), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and esterase in HD treatment were lower than LD and MD treatments (P < 0.05) In skin, HD treatment resulted in up-regulation in malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) mRNA level, and down-regulation in activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the transcriptions of glutathione-s-transferase (GST), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α), insulin-like growth factor- (IGF-) and LZM (P < 0.05). Overall, the data suggested that overly high stocking density was a stressor which caused an immunosuppression in skin of turbot. Moreover, this information would help to understand the skin immunity and their relation with stress and disease in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jia
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Qing Dao 266071, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Bao-Liang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Qing Dao 266071, China.
| | - Wen-Rong Feng
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Qing Dao 266071, China
| | - Cen Han
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Qing Dao 266071, China
| | - Ji-Lin Lei
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Qing Dao 266071, China
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Dasgupta S, DiGiulio RT, Drollette BD, L Plata D, Brownawell BJ, McElroy AE. Hypoxia depresses CYP1A induction and enhances DNA damage, but has minimal effects on antioxidant responses in sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) larvae exposed to dispersed crude oil. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 177:250-60. [PMID: 27315012 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The growing incidence of hypoxic regions in coastal areas receiving high volumes of anthropogenic discharges requires more focused risk assessment of multiple stressors. One area needing further study is the combined effect of hypoxia and oil exposure. This study examined the short-term sublethal effects of co-exposure to hypoxia and water accommodated fractions (WAF) and chemically enhanced WAFs (CEWAFs) of Southern Louisiana Crude oil on detoxification, antioxidant defenses and genotoxicity in early life stage sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus). CYP1A induction (evaluated by measuring EROD activity), activity of a number of key antioxidant enzymes (GST, GR, GPx, SOD, CAT, and GCL), levels of antioxidants (tGSH, GSH, and GSSG), evidence of lipid peroxidation (evaluated using the TBARS assay), and DNA damage (evaluated using the comet assay) provided a broad assessment of responses. Contaminant detoxification pathways induced by oil exposure were inhibited by co-exposure to hypoxia, indicating a maladaptive response. The interactive effects of oil and hypoxia on antioxidant defenses were mixed, but generally indicated less pronounced alterations, with significant increases in lipid peroxidation not observed. Hypoxia significantly enhanced DNA damage induced by oil exposure indicating the potential for significant deleterious effects post exposure. This study demonstrates the importance of considering hypoxia as an enhanced risk factor in assessing the effects of contaminants in areas where seasonal hypoxia may be prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subham Dasgupta
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11790, New York, United States
| | - Richard T DiGiulio
- Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Brian D Drollette
- School of Engineering & Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Desire L Plata
- School of Engineering & Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Bruce J Brownawell
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11790, New York, United States
| | - Anne E McElroy
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11790, New York, United States.
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Jia R, Liu BL, Han C, Huang B, Lei JL. The physiological performance and immune response of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) to nitrite exposure. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 181-182:40-6. [PMID: 26802553 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitrite (NO(2-)) is the most common toxic nitrogenous compound in aquatic environment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of nitrite physiological performance and immune response of turbot. Fish were exposed to 0, 0.02, 0.08, 0.4 and 0.8 mM nitrite for 96 h. After 0, 24, 48 and 96 h of exposure, blood were collected to measure the levels of glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), glutamate oxalate transaminase (GOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), complement C3 (C3), complement C4 (C4), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and lysozyme (LYS); gill samples were taken to analyze mRNA levels of LYS, heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70), heat shock protein 90 (HSP 90), metallothionein (MT), toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). The results showed that nitrite (0.4 and/or 0.8mM) significantly increased the levels of GPT, GOT, ALP, C3 and C4, reduced the levels of IgM and LYS, up-regulated the gene expressions of HSP 70, HSP 90, MT, TLR-3, TNF-α and IL-1β, and down-regulated the gene expressions of LYS and IGF-1 after 48 and 96 h of exposure. Based on the results, it can be concluded that high level nitrite exposure results in dysfunction of the blood physiology and immunity in turbot. Further, this study will be helpful to understand the mechanism of aquatic toxicology induced by nitrite in marine fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jia
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Bao-Liang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Cen Han
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ji-Lin Lei
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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