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Kim Y, Hong S, Jun L, Lee Y, Kim M, Yim UH, Khim JS, Shin KH. Use of molecular composition and compound-specific isotope analysis for source appointment of PAHs in sediments of a highly industrialized area. Environ Pollut 2023; 337:122546. [PMID: 37709122 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
This study utilized both conventional molecular analysis and compound-specific isotopic techniques to identify the sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments of Ulsan Bay, South Korea. The concentrations of 15 traditional and 11 emerging PAHs were determined in sediments from 21 source sites and 26 bay sites. The concentrations and compositions of traditional and emerging PAHs varied significantly, even at sites close to the source areas. The results obtained from diagnostic ratios and the positive matrix factorization model for source identification were inconsistent in adjacent source areas. The δ13C profiles of PAHs, such as phenanthrene (Phe), fluoranthene (Fl), pyrene (Py), and benz[a]anthracene (BaA) in the sediments showed distinct features depending on the surrounding sources. In urban sediments, lighter δ13CPhe values were observed (mean: -25.1‰), whereas relatively heavier values of δ13CPy were found in petroleum industry areas (mean: -23.4‰). The Bayesian isotope mixing model indicates that the predominant source of PAHs in Ulsan Bay sediments was the petroleum industry (45%), followed by the non-ferrous metals industry (30%), automobile industry (18%), and urban areas (6.3%). These results demonstrated the utility of stable isotopes in assessing the sources and contributions of PAHs in small-scale regions. However, there are still limitations in compound-specific isotope analysis of PAHs, including insufficient end-members for each source, difficulty in analysis, and the influence of non-point sources; thus, further study is needed to expand its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngnam Kim
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Lincheon Jun
- Department of Marine Sciences & Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjung Lee
- Ocean Climate Response & Ecosystem Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Mungi Kim
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Ecological Risk Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Sciences & Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
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Hwang K, An JG, Loh A, Kim D, Choi N, Song H, Choi W, Yim UH. Mobile measurement of vehicle emission factors in a roadway tunnel: A concentration gradient approach. Chemosphere 2023; 328:138611. [PMID: 37023905 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Tunnels are the preferred experimental environments for estimating vehicle emission factors (EFs) under real-world driving conditions. In this study, online measurements of traffic-related air pollutants (including CO2, NOX, SO2, O3, particulate matter [PM], and volatile organic compounds [VOCs]) were conducted using a mobile laboratory in the Sujungsan Tunnel in Busan, Korea. Mobile measurements generated concentration profiles of the target exhaust emissions inside the tunnel. These data were used to produce a zonation of the tunnel, i.e., mixing and accumulation zones. There were differences between the CO2, SO2, and NOX profiles, and a starting point that was free from ambient air mixing effects could be set at 600 m from the tunnel entrance. The EFs of vehicle exhaust emissions were calculated using pollutant concentration gradients. The average EFs for CO2, NO, NO2, SO2, PM10, PM2.5, and ∑VOCs were 149,000, 380, 55, 29.2, 9.64, 4.33, and 16.7 mg km-1·veh-1, respectively. Among the VOC groups, alkanes contributed more than 70% of the VOC EF. Mobile measurement-derived EFs were validated using the conventional EFs from stationary measurements. The EF results from the mobile measurements matched those from the stationary measurements, while the absolute concentration differences between them implied complex aerodynamic movements of the target pollutants inside the tunnel. This study demonstrated the usefulness and advantages of applying mobile measurements in a tunnel environment and indicated the potential of the approach for observation-based policymaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyucheol Hwang
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Geon An
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew Loh
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwi Kim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Narin Choi
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangyeol Song
- Department of Environmental Atmospheric Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonsik Choi
- Department of Environmental Atmospheric Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Loh A, Kim D, Hwang K, An JG, Choi N, Hyun S, Yim UH. Emissions from ships' activities in the anchorage zone: A potential source of sub-micron aerosols in port areas. J Hazard Mater 2023; 457:131775. [PMID: 37295332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Busan Port is among the world's top ten most air-polluted ports, but the role of the anchorage zone as a significant contributor to pollution has not been studied. To assess the emission characteristics of sub-micron aerosols, a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) was deployed in Busan, South Korea from September 10 to October 6, 2020. The concentration of all AMS-identified species and black carbon were highest when the winds came from the anchorage zone (11.9 µg·m-3) and lowest with winds from the open ocean (6.64 µg·m-3). The positive matrix factorization model identified one hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) and two oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) sources. HOAs were highest with winds from Busan Port, while oxidized OOAs were predominant with winds from the anchorage zone (less oxidized) and the open ocean (more oxidized). We calculated the emissions from the anchorage zone using ship activity data and compared them to the total emissions from Busan Port. Our results suggest that emissions from ship activities in the anchorage zone should be considered a significant source of pollution in the Busan Port area, especially given the substantial contributions of gaseous emissions (NOx: 8.78%; volatile organic compounds: 7.52%) and their oxidized moieties as secondary aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Loh
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwi Kim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyucheol Hwang
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Geon An
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Narin Choi
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Hyun
- Marine Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Chung S, Loh A, Jennings CM, Sosnowski K, Ha SY, Yim UH, Yoon JY. Capillary flow velocity profile analysis on paper-based microfluidic chips for screening oil types using machine learning. J Hazard Mater 2023; 447:130806. [PMID: 36680906 PMCID: PMC9940998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We conceived a novel approach to screen oil types on a wax-printed paper-based microfluidic platform. Various oil samples spontaneously flowed through a micrometer-scale channel via capillary action while their components were filtered and partitioned. The resulting capillary flow velocity profile fluctuated during the flow, which was used to screen oil types. Raspberry Pi camera captured the video clips, and a custom Python code analyzed them to obtain the capillary flow velocity profiles. 106 velocity profiles (each with 125 frames for 5 s) were recorded from various oil samples to build a training database. Principal component analysis (PCA), support vector machine (SVM), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were used to classify the oil types into heavy-to-medium crude, light crude, marine fuel, lubricant, and diesel oils. The second-order polynomial SVM model with PCA as a pre-processing step showed the highest accuracy: 90% in classifying crude oils and 81% in classifying non-crude oils. The assay took less than 30 s from the sample to answer, with 5 s of the capillary action-driven flow. This simple and effective assay will allow rapid preliminary screening of oil types, enable early tracking, and reduce the number of suspect samples to be analyzed by laboratory fingerprinting analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Chung
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Department of Biosystems Engineering, Integrated Major in Global Smart Farm, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew Loh
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Christian M Jennings
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Katelyn Sosnowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Sung Yong Ha
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 53201, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Yeol Yoon
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States.
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Loh A, Kim D, An JG, Choi N, Yim UH. Chemical characterization of sub-micron aerosols over the East Sea (Sea of Japan). Sci Total Environ 2023; 856:159173. [PMID: 36191721 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the land-sea-air interactions of aerosol are scarce considering their significant role in global environmental changes. Here, we investigated potential sources of sub-micron aerosols over the East Sea (Sea of Japan), which is strongly influenced by continental and marine aerosols. A high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) was used to measure the size-resolved chemical compositions of sub-micron aerosols during the period March 10-15, 2020. Concentrations of all AMS species, black carbon (BC), PM10 (particulate matter <10 μm) and PM2.5 (particulate matter <2.5 μm) were higher when cruising in industrialized coastal areas compared to the offshore region. A positive matrix factorization (PMF) model identified five distinct sources, i.e., hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol, semi-volatile and low-volatile oxygenated aerosols, methanesulfonic acid (MSA), and dimethyl sulfide (DMS; C2H6S) oxidation, which accounted for 5.98 %, 21.6 %, 28.3 %, 34.5 %, and 9.64 % of the total organic mass, respectively. The spatiotemporal variation of MSA, as well as the MSA to sulfate ratio (MSA:SO42-) over the East Sea, was determined for the first time. The mass concentrations of MSA displayed a similar time series distribution pattern to those of DMS. The time series distributions of the MSA:SO42- ratio displayed distinct differences, with higher ratios downwind of the ocean (0.216 ± 0.083 μg·m-3) than land (0.089 ± 0.030 μg·m-3). The growth of ultrafine particles (10-35 nm) was observed during two of the elevated MSA:SO42- ratio events, suggesting a potential role of MSA in new particle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Loh
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwi Kim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Geon An
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Narin Choi
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Kim T, Lee C, Lee J, Bae H, Noh J, Hong S, Kwon BO, Kim JJ, Yim UH, Chang GS, Giesy JP, Khim JS. Best available technique for the recovery of marine benthic communities in a gravel shore after the oil spill: A mesocosm-based sediment triad assessment. J Hazard Mater 2022; 435:128945. [PMID: 35500340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ecotoxicological effects of spilled oils are well documented, but study of recovery of marine benthic communities is limited. Long-term recovery of hard bottom communities during physical and biological remediations after a spill was monitored. A 60-day experiment was conducted using a mesocosm with monitoring of eight endpoints by use of the sediment quality triad (SQT). First, physical treatment of hot water + high pressure flushing maximally removed residual oils (max=93%), showing the greatest recovery among SQT variables (mean=72%). Physical cleanup generally involved adverse effects such as depression of the microphytobenthic community during the initial period. Next, biological treatments, such as fertilizer, emulsifier, enzyme and augmentation of the microbes, all facilitated removal of oil (max=66%) enhancing ecological recovery. Analysis of the microbiome confirmed that oil-degrading bacteria, such as Dietzia sp. and Rosevarius sp. were present. A mixed bioremediation, including fertilizer + multi-enzyme + microbes (FMeM) maximized efficacy of remediation as indicated by SQT parameters (mean=47%). Natural attenuation with "no treatment" showed comparable recovery to other remediations. Considering economic availability, environmental performance, and technical applicability, of currently available techniques, combined treatments of physical removal via hand wiping followed by FMeM could be most effective for recovery of the rocky shore benthic community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewoo Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Changkeun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Bae
- GeoSystem Research Corporation, Gunpo 15807, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsung Noh
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Gap Soo Chang
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E2, Canada
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences & Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan,Saskatoon, SK S7N5B3, Canada; Environmental Sciences Department, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7266, United States
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Kim D, Kim S, Yim UH, Ha SY, An JG, Loh A, Kim S. Determination of anthropogenic organics in dichlomethane extracts of aerosol particulate matter collected from four different locations in China and Republic of Korea by GC-MS and FTICR-MS. Sci Total Environ 2022; 805:150230. [PMID: 34536876 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the hypothesis that particulate matter in east of Korea peninsula would be significantly influenced by particulate matter originated from east of China was evaluated. To test the hypothesis, water-insoluble compounds in particulate matter samples collected from three different locations in Korea and one in China were characterized by atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Each sample was collected twice, in winter and in spring. The GC-MS data revealed the presence of high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as benzo[a]anthracene in the samples from Tianjin, China. The sample collected in the winter from Baengnyeong Island, which is the location in Korea that is geographically closest to the east coast of China was also rich in aromatic compounds. Meanwhile, the APPI FTICR-MS data showed that polycondensed PAHs and two- to four-ring PAHs with long alkyl chains were abundant in the winter samples from Tianjin and Baengnyeong Island which stems most likely from coal combustion in the eastern China. In contrast, nonaromatic compounds with a biogenic origin were mostly observed in samples collected from islands located in eastern (Ulleung Island) and southern (Jeju Island) Korea. A principal component analysis by FTICR-MS and GC-MS also showed that the samples from Tianjin and those collected from Baengnyeong Island in the winter are strongly associated with coal combustion, whereas the other samples are mainly influenced by vehicle emissions. Therefore, it is concluded that the atmosphere from east of China has significant influence over atmosphere in west of Korea peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghwi Kim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjune Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yong Ha
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Geon An
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew Loh
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Mass Spectrometry Convergence Research Center and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Loh A, Ha SY, Kim D, Lee J, Baek K, Yim UH. Development of a portable oil type classifier using laser-induced fluorescence spectrometer coupled with chemometrics. J Hazard Mater 2021; 416:125723. [PMID: 33812272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to the recurrent small spills, oil pollution along coastal regions is still a major environmental issue. Standardized oil fingerprinting techniques are useful for oil spill identifications, but time- and resource-consuming. There have been ongoing needs for simple yet rapid approach for field screening of oil spill. Laser induced fluorescence (LIF) technology can be incorporated into a spectrometer, and with the integration of chemometrics can be consolidated as a potentially useful portable oil type classification device. Using a LIF spectrometer, 775 oil spectra were calibrated into supervised classification models and validated with 162 oil spectra. Reliability of the device to accurately remove background emission from fluorescence spectra was verified. Prediction performance and model robustness were further validated by comparison between commonly used classification models such as partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and support vector machine-discriminant analysis (SVM-DA). Robustness in both models were comparable with PLS-DA having a lower number of misclassification (PLS-DA: 5.50%, SVM-DA: 13.8%) while SVM-DA having a lower number of unassigned samples (PLS-DA: 10.9%; SVM-DA: 16 1.39%). This study explicitly demonstrated the development of a new convenient and handy device which can be used as part of the screening process for oil spill fingerprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Loh
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yong Ha
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwi Kim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonseok Lee
- MachTech Co., Ltd., Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyonghoon Baek
- MachTech Co., Ltd., Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Choi Y, Kim M, Ha SY, Han GM, Yim UH, Jung JH. Sediment quality assessment combining chemical and biological (non)target analysis. Aquat Toxicol 2021; 238:105883. [PMID: 34311228 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic sediments act as a storage for diverse mixtures of organic and inorganic contaminants. Nevertheless, most evaluations of contaminated sediments have been limited to the assessment of concentrations of target compounds and lethal effects on some test species. To identify the organic contaminants causing sub-lethal effects of contaminated sediment, this study combined chemical and biological (non)target analysis involving comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with a time-of-flight Mass Spectrometer (GCxGC/ToF-MS) analysis, embryonic malformation and high-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis on developing flounder. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were more abundant in the sediment extract of Yeongil Bay (SEY), while Jinhae Bay (SEJ) was contaminated with a large amount of unidentified chemicals. The unidentified chemicals of SEJ included branched alkanes, oxygenated cycloalkanes, heterogeneous hydrocarbons, and other unknown compounds. Percentage of pericardial edema was the highest in embryonic flounder exposed to SEY. Consistent with the morphogenesis results, the expression level of genes related to heart formation including the nkx2.5 and robo1 was greater in embryonic flounder exposed to SEY. In the analyses of differential gene expression profiles (cutoff P < 0.05), by RNA-seq, embryos exposed to SEJ showed changes related to cell differentiation, cell part morphogenesis, neurogenesis, and neuron development. Genes related to neurogenesis and positive regulation of molecular functions variated significantly in embryos exposed to SEY. These results demonstrated the advantages of combining target and non-target analysis to accurately evaluate the major chemical groups causing sediment toxicity. Therefore, this work provided a useful approach to tracking and revealing the causes of toxic effects and identifying potential toxic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youmi Choi
- Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonkoo Kim
- Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yong Ha
- Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Myung Han
- Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Jung
- Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Loh A, Soon ZY, Ha SY, Yim UH. High-throughput screening of oil fingerprint using FT-IR coupled with chemometrics. Sci Total Environ 2021; 760:143354. [PMID: 33158524 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An important element of the oil spill emergency response is the ability to rapidly identify the properties of oil spilled. Chemometrics provides large numbers of multivariate analysis tools that allow for more extensive use of data. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy coupled with classification and prediction models such as partial least square (PLS) and PLS-DA (discriminant analysis) allows the rapid identification of oil type and characteristics. By searching for the maximum covariance with the variables of interest, PLS allows the visualization of relations between samples and variables. The framework of this study is based on two main steps: The first is classification of oil and the second is prediction of physicochemical properties. Separated into four main categories: crude, light fuel, heavy fuel, and lubricant, spectrums of 92 oils were calibrated to predict the oil type and physicochemical properties of 26 oils. The predictability and robustness of the model was further validated using weathered oil. The classification and prediction models have accuracy of >95%. Most of the PLS models have root mean square error of calibration and prediction ranging from 0.10-3.07 and 0.3-2.8, respectively. External cross validations using weathered oils showed high prediction accuracy (relative standard deviations <5%). By increasing the number of oil type and samples, this approach is a promising method and can be included as part of the oil spill fingerprinting protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Loh
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhi Yang Soon
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yong Ha
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Bills MV, Loh A, Sosnowski K, Nguyen BT, Ha SY, Yim UH, Yoon JY. Handheld UV fluorescence spectrophotometer device for the classification and analysis of petroleum oil samples. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 159:112193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Barron MG, Vivian DN, Heintz RA, Yim UH. Long-Term Ecological Impacts from Oil Spills: Comparison of Exxon Valdez, Hebei Spirit, and Deepwater Horizon. Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:6456-6467. [PMID: 32267150 PMCID: PMC7397809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The long-term ecological impacts of the Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS) are compared to two extensively studied and more recent large spills: Deepwater Horizon (DWH) and the Hebei Spirit oil spill (HSOS). Each of the three spills differed in magnitude and duration of oil released, environmental conditions, ecological communities, response and clean up measures, and ecological recovery. The EVOS began on March 24, 1989, and released 40.8 million liters of Alaska North Slope crude oil into the cold, nearly pristine environment of Prince William Sound, Alaska. EVOS oiled wildlife and rocky intertidal shorelines and exposed early life stages of fish to embryotoxic levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Long-term impacts following EVOS were observed on seabirds, sea otters, killer whales, and subtidal communities. The DWH spill began on April 20, 2010, and released 507 million liters of light Louisiana crude oil from 1600 m on the ocean floor into the Gulf of Mexico over an 87-day period. The DWH spill exposed a diversity of complex aquatic communities in the deep ocean, offshore pelagic areas, and coastal environments to petroleum hydrocarbons. Large-scale persistent ecological effects included impacts to deep ocean corals, failed recruitment of oysters over multiple years, damage to coastal wetlands, and reduced dolphin, sea turtle, and seabird populations. The HSOS began on December 7, 2007, and released approximately 13 million liters of Middle East crude oils into ecologically sensitive areas of the Taean area of western Korea. Environmental conditions and the extensive initial cleanup of HSOS oil stranded on shorelines limited the long-term impacts to changes in composition and abundance of intertidal benthic communities. Comparisons of EVOS, DWH, and HSOS show the importance and complexity of the interactions among the environment, oil spill dynamics, affected ecological systems, and response actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mace G. Barron
- U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Gulf Breeze, FL USA
| | | | | | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Geoje, Republic of Korea
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13
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Loh A, Shankar R, Ha SY, An JG, Yim UH. Stability of mechanically and chemically dispersed oil: Effect of particle types on oil dispersion. Sci Total Environ 2020; 716:135343. [PMID: 31839286 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oil spill dispersant (OSD) application is one of the preferred cleanup options to cope with oil spills at sea. OSD, in principle, can enhance biodegradation of oil because of its effectiveness in producing relatively small droplets and dispersing them into the water column. Under turbulent conditions, suspended particulate matter (SPM) which are present naturally in the environment can interact with oil to form aggregates known as oil-SPM aggregates (OSA) which also enhances biodegradation of oil. Despite its high dispersion effectiveness, chemically dispersed oil (CDO) has a tendency to resurface with increasing time which decreases the biodegradation potential. Meanwhile, the presence of SPM prevents recoalescence of dispersed oil which can enhance stability of oil droplets. This study focused on the effects of SPM on the dispersion effectiveness and stability of mechanically dispersed oil (MDO) and CDO. Dispersion tests of MDO and CDO extended to 72 h with and without SPM to see the initial effectiveness and the prolonged stability of dispersed oil. In the presence of SPM, the oil dispersed by MDO increased by 14.8-40.7%, while the resurfacing oil by CDO decreased by 8.7-19.4%. Regardless of SPM type, oil dispersion effectiveness and stability of MDO and CDO were significantly increased. Long-term stability test for 3 months showed that stability of OSA increased as the particle size decreased and particle counts increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Loh
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Shankar
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yong Ha
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Geon An
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Yim UH, Hong S, Lee C, Kim M, Jung JH, Ha SY, An JG, Kwon BO, Kim T, Lee CH, Yu OH, Choi HW, Ryu J, Khim JS, Shim WJ. Rapid recovery of coastal environment and ecosystem to the Hebei Spirit oil spill's impact. Environ Int 2020; 136:105438. [PMID: 31884413 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The 2007 Hebei Spirit oil spill (HSOS), the largest in the national history, has negatively impacted the entire environment and ecosystem along the west coast of South Korea. Although many studies have reported the damages and impacts from the HSOS, quantitative assessment evaluating the recovery time and status have not been documented. Here, we first address the recovery timeline of the HSOS, by comprehensive analyses of 10-years accumulated data in quantitative manner. Concentrations of residual oils in seawater, sediments, and oysters rapidly dropped to backgrounds in 16, 75, and 33 months, respectively. Also, damaged benthic communities of intertidal and subtidal areas were fully recovered only after ~6 years. The present results collectively indicated unexpectedly fast recovery of the damaged environment and ecosystem from such a huge oil spill. The high tidal mixing (~9 m tidal height) and intensive human cleanup (~1.2 million volunteers) at the initial cleanup period might have contributed to rapid recovery; cf. 4-5 times faster than the Exxon Valdez oil spill. However, potential risk to human health remains unclear. Thus, it is warranted to conduct more in depth epidemiological studies to address chronic health effects associated with the cleanup volunteers as well as the local residents who have been living nearby the oil spill impacted sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Changkeun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonkoo Kim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Jung
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yong Ha
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Geon An
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewoo Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Lee
- Environmental Health & Safety Research Institute, EH R&C Co., Ltd., Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Hwan Yu
- Marine Ecosystem and Biological Research Center, KIOST, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Choi
- Oceanographic Data Information Center, KIOST, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongseong Ryu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Anyang University, Ganghwagun, Incheon 23038, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won Joon Shim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Shankar R, Jung JH, Loh A, An JG, Ha SY, Yim UH. Environmental significance of lubricant oil: A systematic study of photooxidation and its consequences. Water Res 2020; 168:115183. [PMID: 31655438 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lubricant (lube) oil discharge from ships has been widely considered as normal "operational consumption", but is now deemed to be oil pollution. Despite the chronic contamination of the marine environment by lube oil, the number of studies related to its environmental impact, characteristics, and toxicity is limited. This study is the first attempt to investigate the environmental fate of lube oil subjected to photooxidation using in situ mesocosms. A tiered approach using thin-layer chromatography-flame ionization detection (TLC-FID), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) demonstrated compositional changes in lube oil and the water-soluble fraction (WSF). Total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ΣPAHs) in lube oil after 96 h of photooxidation were measured at 79.8 and 41 μg/g in the control (Con) and exposure (Exp) groups, respectively. Meanwhile, the ΣPAHs concentration in WSF after 96 h was very low, at 0.25 and 0.45 μg/L in Con and Exp, respectively. FTIR and GC-MS helped identify bond changes and photoproducts in WSF. A wide range of photoproducts, including carboxylic acids, esters, anhydrides, aldehydes and ketones, were identified in WSF. Toxic effects of WSF in both the Con and Exp groups obtained after 96 h of photooxidation were evaluated on olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) embryos. Morphological defects, especially tail fin fold defects, were found to be significantly elevated in both the Con and Exp groups, with marginally higher frequency in Exp. The results of this study demonstrate the need for further research on lube oil weathering, including monitoring over prolonged periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Shankar
- Oil & POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Jung
- Oil & POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew Loh
- Oil & POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Geon An
- Oil & POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yong Ha
- Oil & POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil & POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Kim D, Jung JH, Ha SY, An JG, Shankar R, Kwon JH, Yim UH, Kim SH. Molecular level determination of water accommodated fraction with embryonic developmental toxicity generated by photooxidation of spilled oil. Chemosphere 2019; 237:124346. [PMID: 31376702 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, developmental toxicity was increased as the oil was further degraded under natural sunlight. Detailed chemical composition of the degraded oils was examined by use of gas chromatography (GC) and (-) electrospray ionization ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry (UHR-MS). Baseline toxicities were estimated based on chemical activities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and it was obvious that the predicted chemical activities can not explain increased toxicity alone. However, the ultrahigh resolution mass spectral abundance of polar compounds including O3 and O4 class compounds was significantly increased as the photodegradation proceeded. Further examination of double bond equivalence values of the compounds showed that polar compounds with both non-aromatic and aromatic polar structures were increased. Statistical analysis indicates that the increased toxicity can be well explained by the increased polar compounds. Therefore, the oxygenated compounds identified in this study can play an important role in toxicity of degraded oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghwi Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea; Analytical Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Jung
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea; Marine Environmental Science Major, Korea University of Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yong Ha
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Geon An
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Shankar
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea; Marine Environmental Science Major, Korea University of Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Kwon
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea; Marine Environmental Science Major, Korea University of Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea; Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Kim Y, Jeong J, Chatterjee N, Yim UH, Kwon JH, Park MS, Choi J. Activation of the nucleotide excision repair pathway by crude oil exposure: A translational study from model organisms to the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill Cohort. Environ Pollut 2019; 254:112997. [PMID: 31454576 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.112997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to gain insight into the human health implications of the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill (HSOS), the mechanism of toxicity of the Iranian heavy crude (IHC), the main oil component in the HSOS was investigated in Caenorhabditis elegans and zebrafish. The identified mechanism was translated to humans using blood samples from Taean residents, who experienced HSOS with different levels of exposure to the spill. C. elegans TF RNAi screening with IHC oil revealed the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway as being significantly involved by oil exposure. To identify the main toxicity contributors within the chemical mixture of the crude oil, further studies were conducted on C. elegans by exposure to C3-naphthalene, an alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), which constitutes one of the major components of IHC oil. Increased expression of NER pathway genes was observed following exposure to the IHC oil, C3-naphthalene enriched fraction and C3-naphthalene. As the NER pathway is conserved in fish and humans, the same experiment was conducted in zebrafish, and the data were similar to what was seen in C. elegans. Increased expression of NER pathway genes was observed in human samples from the high exposure group, which suggests the involvement of the NER pathway in IHC oil exposure. Overall, the study suggests that IHC oil may cause bulk damage to DNA and activation of the NER system and Alkylated PAHs are the major contributor to DNA damage. Our study provides an innovative approach for studying translational toxicity testing from model organisms to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngho Kim
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Siripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseong Jeong
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Siripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Nivedita Chatterjee
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Siripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil & POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea; Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Kwon
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Sook Park
- Taean Environmental Health Center, 1952-16 Seohae-ro, Taean-eup, Taean-gun Chungcheongnam-do 32148, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Choi
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Siripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
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Loh A, Shankar R, Ha SY, An JG, Yim UH. Suspended particles enhance biodegradation of oil in sea. Sci Total Environ 2019; 685:324-331. [PMID: 31176219 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation patterns of oil in four distinct phases were compared over a 14-day series of exposures. The dispersibility and stability of oil droplets in the water column were important factors affecting oil biodegradation. Due to the stability of oil droplets with particle interactions, oil-suspended particulate matter aggregates (OSA) showed a five-fold enhancement in biodegradation compared to non-dispersed oil. The reduction of total petroleum hydrocarbons was highest in OSA (51.45%), followed by chemically dispersed oil (33.5%), oil film (21.6%), and water-accommodated fractions (WAF, 14.3%). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) profiles and percentage weathering plots showed that reductions in PAHs in WAF, oil film, and chemically dispersed oil were mainly due to evaporation (41.5-69.5%) and only partially due to biodegradation (7.4-16.3%). However, the reduction of PAHs in OSA was driven more by biodegradation (36.8%) than evaporation (29.7%). The strong PAH-particle interactions in OSA inhibited evaporation of PAHs and enhanced microorganism biodegradation in the water column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Loh
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Shankar
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yong Ha
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Geon An
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Lee C, Hong S, Noh J, Lee J, Yoon SJ, Kim T, Kim H, Kwon BO, Lee H, Ha SY, Ryu J, Kim JJ, Kwon KK, Yim UH, Khim JS. Comparative evaluation of bioremediation techniques on oil contaminated sediments in long-term recovery of benthic community health. Environ Pollut 2019; 252:137-145. [PMID: 31146227 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
While various bioremediation techniques have been widely used at oil spill sites, the in situ efficiency of such techniques on recovering the benthic communities in intertidal areas has not been quantified. Here, the performance of several bioremediation tools such as emulsifiers, multi-enzyme liquid (MEL), microbes, and rice-straw was evaluated by a 90-days semi-field experiment, particularly targeting recovery of benthic community. Temporal efficiency in the removal of sedimentary total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), reduction of residual toxicity, and recovery of bacterial diversity, microalgal growth, and benthic production was comprehensively determined. Concentrations of TPH and amphipod mortality for all treatments rapidly decreased within the first 10 days. In addition, the density of bacteria and microphytobenthos generally increased over time for all treatments, indicating recovery in the benthic community health. However, the recovery of some nitrifying bacteria, such as the class Nitrospinia (which are sensitive to oil components) remained incomplete (13-56%) during 90 days. Combination of microbe treatments showed rapid and effective for recovering the benthic community, but after 90 days, all treatments showed high recovery efficiency. Of consideration, the "no action" treatment showed a similar level of recovery to those of microbe and MEL treatments, indicating that the natural recovery process could prevail in certain situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changkeun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsung Noh
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Joon Yoon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewoo Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosang Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbyul Lee
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yong Ha
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongseong Ryu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Anyang University, Ganghwagun, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kae Kyoung Kwon
- Marine Biotechnology Research Division, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Yoo Y, Lee DW, Lee H, Kwon BO, Khim JS, Yim UH, Park H, Park B, Choi IG, Kim BS, Jeon SW, Kim GH, Kim JJ. Gemmobacter lutimaris sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from a tidal flat. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:1676-1681. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yeonjae Yoo
- 1Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wan Lee
- 1Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbyul Lee
- 1Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- 2School of Earth and Environmental Science and Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- 2School of Earth and Environmental Science and Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- 3Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongjae Park
- 4Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeonghyeok Park
- 4Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Geol Choi
- 4Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Seok Kim
- 5Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Woo Jeon
- 1Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Hyeok Kim
- 1Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- 1Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Shankar R, An JG, Loh A, Yim UH. A systematic study of the effects of solvents on phenanthrene photooxidation. Chemosphere 2019; 220:900-909. [PMID: 33395811 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A systematic study of the photooxidation of phenanthrene under simulated environmental conditions was conducted in vitro using polar (methanol, acetonitrile) and non-polar (isooctane, hexane) solvents as media. In all solvents, phenanthrene concentration decreased exponentially as exposure time increased. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis were used to investigate the structural changes induced by photooxidation. After 24 h of photooxidation, FTIR showed the formation of characteristic bands of carboxylic acid in all solvents. In non-polar solvents, characteristic phenanthrene peaks were completely depleted after 48 h. In polar solvents, phenanthrene peaks disappeared at a slower rate, with peaks in acetonitrile disappearing at 72 h and methanol persisting at trace levels at 96 h. The reaction rate was higher in non-polar solvents. The obtained half-lives were observed in the following order: isooctane (13.2 h) > hexane (13.5 h) > methanol (18.0 h) > acetonitrile (22.8 h). FTIR and GC-MS results were in good agreement and showed the formation of carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and ketones in polar solvents and carboxylic acids, alkanes, and alkanoic acids in non-polar solvents. Products such as primary amides induced by solvent effects were observed in acetonitrile. Based on the results, the solvents were rated and a solvent selection guide for photooxidation of PAHs was provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Shankar
- Oil & POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Geon An
- Oil & POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew Loh
- Oil & POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil & POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Loh A, Yim UH, Ha SY, An JG, Shankar R. Fate of residual oils during remediation activities after the Wu Yi San oil spill. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 138:328-332. [PMID: 30660281 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the fate of residual oils was investigated during remediation activities for a year after the Wu Yi San oil spill. Microscope observations showed that relatively large amounts of oil-suspended particulate matter aggregate (OSA) were formed. Negatively buoyant OSA was the dominant form (>95%), followed by neutrally (~5%) and positively buoyant (<1%) forms. To elucidate the dominance of negative buoyancy OSA, physicochemical properties of the mineral and residual oils were identified. Chemical analysis showed that the weathering percentage of residual oils was 43.7 ± 2.59%, which was the driving factor for sedimentation of OSA. As the density of oil increased with weathering stages, the density of OSA also increased simultaneously. These results showed that, during mechanical remediation activities, resurfaced residual oils can form negative buoyancy OSA which tends to sink and transfers oil contaminants from intertidal to benthic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Loh
- Oil and POPs Research Group, South Sea Research Institute, KIOST, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Marine Environmental Science Major, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, South Sea Research Institute, KIOST, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Marine Environmental Science Major, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Yong Ha
- Oil and POPs Research Group, South Sea Research Institute, KIOST, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Geon An
- Oil and POPs Research Group, South Sea Research Institute, KIOST, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Shankar
- Oil and POPs Research Group, South Sea Research Institute, KIOST, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Marine Environmental Science Major, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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23
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Loh A, Yim UH, Ha SY, An JG. A preliminary study on the role of suspended particulate matter in the bioavailability of oil-derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to oysters. Sci Total Environ 2018; 643:1084-1090. [PMID: 30189525 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Suspended particulate matter (SPM) refers to fine-grained materials that are suspended in water columns. By providing a surface for the adsorption of non-polar organic compounds, SPM is a carrier for persistent and toxic contaminants. A wide range of organic pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), can be adsorbed onto SPM. The formation of particle-associated PAHs can sequentially increase the potential for exposure to and bioaccumulation by organisms. Until recently, most oil exposure studies were performed using freely dissolved and dispersed forms, and therefore the role of SPM in influencing the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of PAHs has not been considered. This study found that SPM influences the bioavailability of petrogenic PAHs in the water column and their potential for accumulation in oysters. SPM significantly enhanced the water column entrainment of petrogenic PAHs, thus increasing the potentials for uptake by exposed organisms. PAHs in the water column was highest from mechanically dispersed oil (MDO; 2.27 μg/mL) ≥ oil-SPM aggregate (OSA; 1.96 μg/mL) > water accommodated fraction (WAF; 0.19 μg/mL) but the percentage of PAHs accumulated in oysters were highest from WAF (18.3%) > MDO (14.2%) > OSA (9.62%). Despite the high water column available PAHs, oysters exposed to SPM-associated oil accumulated PAHs at half the accumulation efficiency compared with those exposed to PAHs without SPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Loh
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Marine Environmental Science Major, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Marine Environmental Science Major, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Yong Ha
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Geon An
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
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24
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Kim D, Ha SY, An JG, Cha S, Yim UH, Kim S. Estimating degree of degradation of spilled oils based on relative abundance of aromatic compounds observed by paper spray ionization mass spectrometry. J Hazard Mater 2018; 359:421-428. [PMID: 30056364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Paper spray ionization mass spectrometry (PSI-MS) was applied for the first time to study temporal change of photo-oxidized and weathered oils subjected to degradation. PSI is chosen in this study because it is an optimal ionization technique for the analysis of degraded oils with limited sample quantity and prone to salt and particulate contamination. With PSI-MS, quantitative analysis of oils can be successfully performed with as little as 2 μg of oil sample. In addition, oil solutions containing up to 0.05% sodium chloride were successfully analyzed with PSI-MS. In the PSI-MS spectra of photo-degraded oils, the relative abundance of compounds having double equivalence value (DBE) ≥ 5 increased but those with DBE < 5 decreased in number. The summed abundance ratio of compounds having DBE < 5 and DBE ≥ 5 showed a negative exponential correlation with the duration of UV exposure in laboratory experiments. The same trend was observed from spilled oils obtained from the environment. Therefore, this ratio serves as an effective means to estimate the degree of weathering in spilled oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghwi Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yong Ha
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Geon An
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Cha
- Department of Chemistry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 17035, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Lee DW, Lee H, Kwon BO, Khim JS, Yim UH, Kim BS, Kim JJ. Biosurfactant-assisted bioremediation of crude oil by indigenous bacteria isolated from Taean beach sediment. Environ Pollut 2018; 241:254-264. [PMID: 29807284 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Crude oil and its derivatives are considered as one group of the most pervasive environmental pollutants in marine environments. Bioremediation using oil-degrading bacteria has emerged as a promising green cleanup alternative in more recent years. The employment of biosurfactant-producing and hydrocarbon-utilizing indigenous bacteria enhances the effectiveness of bioremediation by making hydrocarbons bioavailable for degradation. In this study, the best candidates of biosurfactant-producing indigenous bacteria were selected by screening of biochemical tests. The selected bacteria include Bacillus algicola (003-Phe1), Rhodococcus soli (102-Na5), Isoptericola chiayiensis (103-Na4), and Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans (SDRB-Py1). In general, these isolated species caused low surface tension values (33.9-41.3 mN m-1), high oil spreading (1.2-2.4 cm), and hydrocarbon emulsification (up to 65%) warranting active degradation of hydrocarbons. FT-IR and LC-MS analyses indicated that the monorhamnolipid (Rha-C16:1) and dirhamnolipid (Rha-Rha-C6-C6:1) were commonly produced by the bacteria as potent biosurfactants. The residual crude oil after the biodegradation test was quantitated using GC-MS analysis. The bacteria utilized crude oil as their sole carbon source while the amount of residual crude oil significantly decreased. In addition the cell-free broth containing biosurfactants produced by bacterial strains significantly desorbed crude oil in oil-polluted marine sediment. The selected bacteria might hold additional capacity in crude oil degradation. Biosurfactant-producing indigenous bacteria therefore degrade crude oil hydrocarbon compounds, produce biosurfactants that can increase the emulsification of crude oil and are thus more conducive to the degradation of crude oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wan Lee
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbyul Lee
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- School of Earth and Environmental Science & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Science & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Seok Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Lee DW, Lee H, Kwon BO, Khim JS, Yim UH, Park H, Park B, Choi IG, Kim BS, Kim JJ. Maribacter litoralis sp. nov. a marine bacterium isolated from seashore. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:3471-3478. [PMID: 30222095 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel Gram-stain-negative, moderately halophilic and aerobic bacterium, designated strain SDRB-Phe2T, was isolated from coastal sediment of the yellow sea in Sindu-ri, Republic of Korea. Cells were oxidase-positive, catalase-positive, rod-shaped and surrounded by a capsule with gliding motility. Colonies were yellow-coloured, circular, pulvinate with entire margins. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SDRB-Phe2T formed a distinct lineage within the genus Maribacter of the family Flavobacteriaceae. Stain SDRB-Phe2T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 97.1-98.9 % to the type strains of Maribacterstanieri, Maribacterspongiicola, Maribacter forsetii, Maribacter dokdonensis, Maribacter aquivivus, Maribactercaenipelagi, Maribacterlitorisediminis, Maribactersedimenticola, Maribacterulvicola, Maribacter confluentis and Maribacter orientalis, and of 94.8-96.7 % to the type strains of the other species of the genus Maribacter. Strain SDRB-Phe2T contained MK-6 as the predominant respiratory quinone and iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) as the major fatty acids. The polar lipids of strain SDRB-Phe2T were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified amino lipid and two unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content was 36.2 mol%. DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain SDRB-Phe2T to the type strains of the 11 phylogenetically related species of the genus Maribacter were 21.9-38.6 %. On the basis of the phenotypic features, phylogenetic and DNA-DNA hybridization analyses presented here, strain SDRB-Phe2T (=JCM 32373T=KCTC 62273T=DSM 106042T) represents a novel species of the genus Maribacter, for which the name Maribacterlitoralis sp. nov. is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wan Lee
- 1Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbyul Lee
- 1Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- 2School of Earth and Environmental Science and Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- 2School of Earth and Environmental Science and Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- 3Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongjae Park
- 4Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeonghyeok Park
- 4Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Geol Choi
- 4Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Seok Kim
- 5Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- 1Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Lee DW, Lee H, Kwon BO, Khim JS, Yim UH, Kim BS, Kim JJ. Blastococcus litoris sp. nov., isolated from sea-tidal flat sediment. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:3435-3440. [PMID: 30215596 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel Gram-strain-positive, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated GP-S2-8T, was isolated from a sea-tidal flat sediment sample from Gopado, Republic of Korea. Cells were aerobic, catalase-negative, oxidase-positive, non-motile and cocci, occurring singly, in pairs or in tetrads, and often tending to form aggregates. The strain grew at 4-45 °C (optimum, 28-37 °C), at pH 4.0-11.0 (pH 7.0-9.0) and in the presence of 0-11 % (w/v) NaCl (0-3 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences represented that the isolate belongs to the genus Blastococcus. The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. Whole-cell sugar analysis of strain GP-S2-8T revealed rhamnose, glucose and mannose as characteristic sugars. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-9(H4) and the major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. The polar lipid profile included diphosphadidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, one unidentified glycophospholipid, two unidentified phospholipids and five unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content was 74.2 mol%. DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain GP-S2-8T and type strains of the genus Blastococcus ranged from 14.6 to 48.6 %. On the basis of the phenotypic differences and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the isolate represents a new species of the genus Blastococcus, for which the name Blastococcuslitoris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GP-S2-8T (=KCCM 43275T=JCM 32354T=DSM 106127T=KCTC 49078T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wan Lee
- 1Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbyul Lee
- 1Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- 2School of Earth and Environmental Science & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- 2School of Earth and Environmental Science & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- 3Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Seok Kim
- 4Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- 1Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Lee DW, Lee H, Kwon BO, Khim JS, Yim UH, Park H, Park B, Choi IG, Kim BS, Kim JJ. Oceanimonas marisflavi sp. nov., a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading marine bacterium. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:2990-2995. [PMID: 30040062 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated 102-Na3T, was isolated from sediment of Sinduri beach in Taean, Republic of Korea. Strain 102-Na3T grew optimally at 28-37 °C, at pH 7.0-11.0 and in the presence of 1-3 % (w/v) NaCl, but NaCl was not an absolute requirement for growth. The neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 102-Na3T joined the clade comprising the type strains of Oceanimonasspecies. Strain 102-Na3T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 98.8, 98.3 and 98.0 % to the type strains of Oceanimonas doudoroffii MBIC1298T, Oceanimonas baumannii GB6T and Oceanimonas smirnovii 31-13T, respectively. Strain 102-Na3T contained summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), summed feature 8 (comprising C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0 and C12 : 0 as major fatty acids. The major quinone was ubiquinone-8. The polar lipids were composed of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified amino lipids. The DNA G+C content was 56.8 mol%. Strain 102-Na3T exhibited DNA-DNA relatedness values of 25.7, 21.7 and 14.8 % to the type strains of O. doudoroffii, O. baumannii and O. smirnovii, respectively. Differential phenotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain 102-Na3T is separated from recognized species of the genus Oceanimonas. On the basis of the data presented, strain 102-Na3T (=KCTC 62271T=JCM 32358T=DSM 106032T) is considered the type strain of a novel species of the genus Oceanimonas, for which the name Oceanimonas marisflavi sp. nov. is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wan Lee
- 1Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbyul Lee
- 1Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- 2School of Earth and Environmental Science & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- 2School of Earth and Environmental Science & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- 3Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongjae Park
- 4Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeonghyeok Park
- 4Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Geol Choi
- 4Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Seok Kim
- 5Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- 1Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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29
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Noh J, Kim H, Lee C, Yoon SJ, Chu S, Kwon BO, Ryu J, Kim JJ, Lee H, Yim UH, Giesy JP, Khim JS. Bioaccumulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) by the Marine Clam, Mactra veneriformis, Chronically Exposed to Oil-Suspended Particulate Matter Aggregates. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:7910-7920. [PMID: 29898595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dispersion and biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons are significantly enhanced by formation of oil-suspended particulate matter aggregates (OSAs), but little is known about their adverse effects on benthic invertebrates or microbes. In this study, we investigated: (1) bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by the marine bivalve, Mactra veneriformis and (2) changes in composition and relative abundances of microbes, during 50-d of an OSAs feeding experiment. Total concentrations of PAHs increased more rapidly during the first week of exposure, peaked at Day 30, then gradually declined to the end of experiment. While bioaccumulation of PAHs by clams varied among the 20 target compounds, two major groups of PAHs were identified by cluster analysis. One group including 3-methylphenanthrene, 1,6-dimethylphenanthrene, 1,2,6,9-tetramethylphenanthrene, and benzo[ a]anthracene showed a fairly constant rate of accumulation, while the second group including 2-methyldibenzothiophene, 2,4-dimethyldibenzothiophene, 2,4,7-trimethyldibenzothiophene, 3-methylchrysene, 6-ethylchrysene, and 1,3,6-trimethylchrysene exhibited a bell-shaped pattern. Bioaccumulation of PAHs by clams was dependent on changes in abundance of Gammaproteobacteria, indicating active degradations of hydrocarbons by selected species. Six key species included: Porticoccus litoralis, Porticoccus hydrocarbonoclasticus, Cycloclasticus spirillensus, Alcanivorax borkumensis, Alcanivorax dieselolei, and Alkalimarinus sediminis. These results are the first to demonstrate interactions of OSAs and macrofauna/microbe in oil cleanup operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsung Noh
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Hosang Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Changkeun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Joon Yoon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Seungoh Chu
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jongseong Ryu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology , Anyang University , Ganghwa-gun , Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering , Korea University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbyul Lee
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering , Korea University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group , Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology , Geoje , Republic of Korea
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan Canada
- Department of Zoology, and Center for Integrative Toxicology , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan United States
- School of Biological Sciences , University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , SAR China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Lee EH, Kim M, Moon YS, Yim UH, Ha SY, Jeong CB, Lee JS, Jung JH. Adverse effects and immune dysfunction in response to oral administration of weathered Iranian heavy crude oil in the rockfish Sebastes schlegeli. Aquat Toxicol 2018; 200:127-135. [PMID: 29751159 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To demonstrate the effects of weathered crude oil residue on the immune systems of resident fish, we measured the changes in toxic chemical concentrations, apoptosis, phagocytosis, metabolism, immune-related gene expression, and cell cycle arrest in livers or kidneys for up to 96 h after the weathered Iranian heavy crude oil (WIHCO) exposure by oral gavage in juvenile rockfish Sebastes schlegeli. Parent polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in livers increased up to 5590 ng/g after 6 h exposure and then declined rapidly within 24 h. Hepato-detoxification and immune-related gene expression were also significantly increased (P < 0.05) after 6 h exposure and then declined rapidly within 24 h. However, biliary PAH metabolites and EROD activity remained elevated throughout the test period. Flow cytometry analysis also indicated sustained apoptosis and cell cycle arrests with reduced phagocytic activity for 96 h. Taken together, these results demonstrate rapid declination of the parent PAHs, whereas PAH metabolites remained much longer in tissues with prolonged suppression of immunity in molecular and cellular level, suggesting that weathered crude oil residue is likely linked to the high incidence of immune dysfunction in residential rockfish in oil spill area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hee Lee
- Oil & POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonkoo Kim
- Oil & POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sun Moon
- Oil & POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil & POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yong Ha
- Oil & POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Bum Jeong
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Jung
- Oil & POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Xie Y, Zhang X, Yang J, Kim S, Hong S, Giesy JP, Yim UH, Shim WJ, Yu H, Khim JS. eDNA-based bioassessment of coastal sediments impacted by an oil spill. Environ Pollut 2018; 238:739-748. [PMID: 29625298 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Oil spills offshore can cause long-term ecological effects on coastal marine ecosystems. Despite their important ecological roles in the cycling of energy and nutrients in food webs, effects on bacteria, protists or arthropods are often neglected. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding was applied to characterize changes in the structure of micro- and macro-biota communities of surface sediments over a 7-year period since the occurrence of Hebei Spirit oil spill on December 7, 2007. Alterations in diversities and structures of micro- and macro-biota were observed in the contaminated area where concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were greater. Successions of bacterial, protists and metazoan communities revealed long-term ecological effects of residual oil. Residual oil dominated the largest cluster of the community-environment association network. Presence of bacterial families (Aerococcaceae and Carnobacteriaceae) and the protozoan family (Platyophryidae) might have conferred sensitivity of communities to oil pollution. Hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial families (Anaerolinaceae, Desulfobacteraceae, Helicobacteraceae and Piscirickettsiaceae) and algal family (Araphid pennate) were resistant to adverse effects of spilt oil. The protistan family (Subulatomonas) and arthropod families (Folsomia, Sarcophagidae Opomyzoidea, and Anomura) appeared to be positively associated with residual oil pollution. eDNA metabarcoding can provide a powerful tool for assessing effects of anthropogenic pollution, such as oil spills on sediment communities and its long-term trends in coastal marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Jianghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Seonjin Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - John P Giesy
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China; Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Geoje, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Joon Shim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Geoje, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Lee DW, Lee H, Kwon BO, Khim JS, Yim UH, Park H, Park B, Choi IG, Kim BS, Kim JJ. Zobellella maritima sp. nov., a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium, isolated from beach sediment. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:2279-2284. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wan Lee
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbyul Lee
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- School of Earth and Environmental Science & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Science & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongjae Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeonghyeok Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Geol Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Seok Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Lee DW, Lee H, Lee AH, Kwon BO, Khim JS, Yim UH, Kim BS, Kim JJ. Microbial community composition and PAHs removal potential of indigenous bacteria in oil contaminated sediment of Taean coast, Korea. Environ Pollut 2018; 234:503-512. [PMID: 29216488 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The tidal flats near Sinduri beach in Taean, Korea, have been severely contaminated by heavy crude oils due to the Korea's worst oil spill accident, say the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill, in 2007. Crude oil compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pose significant environmental damages due to their wide distribution, persistence, high toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity. Microbial community of Sinduri beach sediments samples was analyzed by metagenomic data with 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Three phyla (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes) accounted for approximately ≥93.0% of the total phyla based on metagenomic analysis. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in Sinduri beach sediments. Cultivable bacteria were isolated from PAH-enriched cultures, and bacterial diversity was investigated through performing culture characterization followed by molecular biology methods. Sixty-seven isolates were obtained, comprising representatives of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, α- and γ-Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. PAH catabolism genes, such as naphthalene dioxygenase (NDO) and aromatic ring hydroxylating dioxygenase (ARHDO), were used as genetic markers to assess biodegradation of PAHs in the cultivable bacteria. The ability to degrade PAHs was demonstrated by monitoring the removal of PAHs using a gas chromatography mass spectrometer. Overall, various PAH-degrading bacteria were widely present in Sinduri beach sediments and generally reflected the restored microbial community. Among them, Cobetia marina, Rhodococcus soli, and Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans were found to be significant in degradation of PAHs. This large collection of PAH-degrading strains represents a valuable resource for studies investigating mechanisms of PAH degradation and bioremediation in oil contaminated coastal environment, elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wan Lee
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Eco-Leader Education Center, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbyul Lee
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Aslan Hwanhwi Lee
- Department of Civil and Geological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- School of Earth and Environmental Science & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Science & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Seok Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Liu X, Jung D, Zhou K, Lee S, Noh K, Khim JS, Giesy JP, Yim UH, Shim WJ, Choi K. Characterization of endocrine disruption potentials of coastal sediments of Taean, Korea employing H295R and MVLN assays-Reconnaissance at 5years after Hebei Spirit oil spill. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 127:264-272. [PMID: 29475662 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting potentials were assessed for sediment samples collected near Hebei Spirit oil spill (HSOS) site, between December 2007 and January 2012. For comparison, major crude oil (CO) of HSOS, or its weathered form were assessed. Both raw extracts (REs) and their fractionated samples were tested using H295R and MVLNluc bioassays. In H295R cells, REs of crude and weathered oil (WO), and nine of 14 sediments significantly increased E2 levels, which were correlated with the concentrations of PAHs. Steroidogenic disruption potentials of the sediments generally decreased over time. Among silica fractions of all REs, aromatic hydrocarbons (F2) and polar compounds (F3) caused greater E2 levels. While, in MVLN cell bioassay, only three of 14 sediment REs showed estrogen receptor binding potencies, and no temporal trend was observed. In conclusion, oil spill can cause endocrine disruption in the affected ecosystem through steroidogenic alteration for years, and such potencies attenuate over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Liu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Dawoon Jung
- School of Public Health & Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Korea Environment Institute, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Kairu Zhou
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Sangwoo Lee
- School of Public Health & Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwan Noh
- School of Public Health & Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences & Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Geoje, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Joon Shim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Geoje, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health & Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Lee S, Hong S, Liu X, Kim C, Jung D, Yim UH, Shim WJ, Khim JS, Giesy JP, Choi K. Endocrine disrupting potential of PAHs and their alkylated analogues associated with oil spills. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2017; 19:1117-1125. [PMID: 28783190 DOI: 10.1039/c7em00125h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkylated PAHs are known to be major toxic contaminants in spills of petroleum hydrocarbons (oil). Spilled oil undergoes weathering and over time, PAHs go through a series of compositional changes. PAHs can disrupt endocrine functions, and the type of functions affected and associated potencies vary with the type and alkylation status of PAH. In this study, the potential of five major PAHs of crude oil, i.e., naphthalene, fluorene, dibenzothiophene, phenanthrene, and chrysene, and their alkylated analogues (n = 25), to disrupt endocrine functions was evaluated by use of MVLN-luc and H295R cell lines. In the MVLN-luc bioassay, seven estrogen receptor (ER) agonists were detected among 30 tested PAHs. The greatest ER-mediated potency was observed for 1-methylchrysene (101.4%), followed by phenanthrene and its alkylated analogues (range of %-E2max from 1.6% to 47.3%). In the H295R bioassay, significantly greater syntheses of steroid hormones were observed for 20 PAHs. For major PAHs and their alkylated analogues, disruption of steroidogenesis appeared to be more significant than ER-mediated effects. The number and locations of alkyl-moieties alone could not explain differences in the types or the potencies of toxicities. This observation shows that disruption of endocrine functions by some constituents of oil spills could be underestimated if only parent compounds are considered in assessments of hazard and risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Lee
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Gwanak, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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36
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Lee DW, Lee AH, Lee H, Kim JJ, Khim JS, Yim UH, Kim BS. Echinicola sediminis sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from coastal sediment. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:3351-3357. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wan Lee
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Eco-Leader Education Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Aslan Hwanhwi Lee
- Department of Civil and Geological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Hanbyul Lee
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Science & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Seok Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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37
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Kim D, Yim UH, Kim B, Cha S, Kim S. Paper Spray Chemical Ionization: Highly Sensitive Ambient Ionization Method for Low- and Nonpolar Aromatic Compounds. Anal Chem 2017; 89:9056-9061. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Donghwi Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil
and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungjoo Kim
- Center
for Organic Analysis, Division of Metrology for Quality of Life, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Cha
- Department
of Chemistry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 17035, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Lee DW, Lee AH, Lee H, Kim JJ, Khim JS, Yim UH, Kim BS. Nocardioides litoris sp. nov., isolated from the Taean seashore. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:2332-2336. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wan Lee
- BK21 Plus Eco-Leader Education Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Aslan Hwanhwi Lee
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbyul Lee
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Science and Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Seok Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Yim UH, Short J. Marine Environmental Emergencies in the North Pacific Ocean: Lessons Learned from Recent Oil Spills. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2017; 73:1-4. [PMID: 28695264 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing marine vessel traffic, and oil and gas exploration and development throughout the North Pacific basin brings increasing risks of oil spills. Recognizing the serious challenges presented to response authorities, this Special Issue was organized by the North Pacific Marine Science Organization to provide an introduction to the current state of scientific understanding regarding the environmental effects of oil spills. Because interactions of spilled oils with biota and their habitats are complex, the most serious environmental damages from these spills are not necessarily those of greatest immediate concern by the public. Our overarching goal for this Special Issue is to provide an efficient introduction to the most important ways that oil spills can harm biota, habitats, and ecosystems through invited, targeted mini-reviews augmented by original research articles. We provide a brief background on the challenges posed by large oil spills to response authorities, summarize findings from the articles published in this Special Issue, and highlight some key research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, South Sea Research Institute, KIOST, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea.
- Marine Environmental Science Major, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Yim UH, Khim JS, Kim M, Jung JH, Shim WJ. Environmental Impacts and Recovery After the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill in Korea. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2017. [PMID: 28695258 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0375-z.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The Hebei Spirit oil spill (HSOS) on December 7, 2007 was the worst oil spill recorded in Korea, with the release of approximately 10,900 tons of crude oil and 375 km of coastline polluted along the west coast of Korea. Cleanup operation was conducted by official and contract responders as well as volunteers for massive oil containment and removal of heavy accumulations of stranded oil. Together with the oil cleanup, a long-term environmental impact assessment (EIA) of the HSOS was initiated based on the Marine Environmental Management Act, which covers oil contamination in a multimedia environment, toxic effects on organisms, and ecosystem injury. This review summarizes the long-term monitoring results of HSOS EIA focused on (1) pollution status of seawater, sediment, and bivalves, (2) ecotoxicological effects, and (3) ecosystem recovery. Overall, concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons in the environment indicated that their concentrations were well down to at or near background or pre-spill contamination levels at most sites after 1 year. The potential toxic effects of residual oils in sediments have decreased to background levels in most coastal areas of Taean. The entire ecosystem in the most affected area of the Taean coasts appear to be considerably, but not fully, recovered at present, namely after 8 years of the HSOS. The presence of lingering oil and elevated contamination levels at several sites still require continuous long-term monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- U H Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea.
- Marine Environmental Science Major, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - J S Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Research, Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - M Kim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
- Marine Environmental Science Major, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - J-H Jung
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
- Marine Environmental Science Major, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - W J Shim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
- Marine Environmental Science Major, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
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Loh A, Yim UH, Ha SY, An JG, Kim M. Contamination and Human Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Oysters After the Wu Yi San Oil Spill in Korea. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2017; 73:103-117. [PMID: 28695254 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
After the collision of the Singapore-registered oil tanker M/V Wu Yi San into the oil terminal of Yeosu, Korea on January 31, 2014, approximately 900 m3 of oil and oil mixture were released from the ruptured pipelines. The oil affected more than 10 km of coastline along Gwangyang Bay. Emergency oil spill responses recovered bulk oil at sea and cleaned up the stranded oil on shore. As part of an emergency environmental impact assessment, region-wide monitoring of oil contamination in oyster had been conducted for 2 months. Highly elevated concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected at most of the spill affected sites. Four days after the spill, the levels of PAHs in oysters increased dramatically to 627-81,000 ng/g, the average of which was 20 times higher than those found before the spill (321-4040 ng/g). The level of PAHs in these oysters increased until 10 days after the spill and then decreased. Due to the strong tidal current and easterly winter winds, the eastern part of the Bay-the Namhae region-was heavily contaminated compared with other regions. The accumulation and depuration of spilled oil in oyster corresponded with the duration and intensity of the cleanup activities, which is the first field observation in oil spill cases. Human health risk assessments showed that benzo[a]pyrene equivalent concentrations exceeded levels of concern in the highly contaminated sites, even 60 days after the spill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Loh
- Oil and POPs Research Group, South Sea Research Institute, KIOST, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
- Marine Environmental Science Major, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, South Sea Research Institute, KIOST, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea.
- Marine Environmental Science Major, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Yong Ha
- Oil and POPs Research Group, South Sea Research Institute, KIOST, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Geon An
- Oil and POPs Research Group, South Sea Research Institute, KIOST, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonkoo Kim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, South Sea Research Institute, KIOST, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
- Marine Environmental Science Major, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
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Yim UH, Khim JS, Kim M, Jung JH, Shim WJ. Environmental Impacts and Recovery After the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill in Korea. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2017; 73:47-54. [PMID: 28695258 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0375-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Hebei Spirit oil spill (HSOS) on December 7, 2007 was the worst oil spill recorded in Korea, with the release of approximately 10,900 tons of crude oil and 375 km of coastline polluted along the west coast of Korea. Cleanup operation was conducted by official and contract responders as well as volunteers for massive oil containment and removal of heavy accumulations of stranded oil. Together with the oil cleanup, a long-term environmental impact assessment (EIA) of the HSOS was initiated based on the Marine Environmental Management Act, which covers oil contamination in a multimedia environment, toxic effects on organisms, and ecosystem injury. This review summarizes the long-term monitoring results of HSOS EIA focused on (1) pollution status of seawater, sediment, and bivalves, (2) ecotoxicological effects, and (3) ecosystem recovery. Overall, concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons in the environment indicated that their concentrations were well down to at or near background or pre-spill contamination levels at most sites after 1 year. The potential toxic effects of residual oils in sediments have decreased to background levels in most coastal areas of Taean. The entire ecosystem in the most affected area of the Taean coasts appear to be considerably, but not fully, recovered at present, namely after 8 years of the HSOS. The presence of lingering oil and elevated contamination levels at several sites still require continuous long-term monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- U H Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea.
- Marine Environmental Science Major, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - J S Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Research, Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - M Kim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
- Marine Environmental Science Major, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - J-H Jung
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
- Marine Environmental Science Major, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - W J Shim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
- Marine Environmental Science Major, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
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Kim M, Jung JH, Ha SY, An JG, Shim WJ, Yim UH. Long-Term Monitoring of PAH Contamination in Sediment and Recovery After the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2017; 73:93-102. [PMID: 28695253 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 10,900 t of crude oil was released 10 km off the west coast of Korea after the collision between the oil tanker Hebei Spirit and a barge carrying a crane in December 2007. To assess the areal extent and temporal trends of PAH contamination, 428 sediment samples were collected from December 2007 through May 2015 for PAH analysis. Sedimentary PAH concentrations measured immediately after the spill ranged from 3.2 to 71,200 ng g-1, with a mean of 3800 ng g-1. Increases in PAH concentrations were observed at stations 7-23, which were heavily oiled due to tidal currents and northwesterly wind that transported the spilled oil to these locations. Mean and maximum PAH concentrations decreased drastically from 3800 to 88.5 and 71,200 to 1700 ng g-1, respectively, 4 months after the spill. PAH concentrations highly fluctuated until September 2008 and then decreased slowly to background levels. Reduction rate was much faster at the sandy beaches (k = 0.016) than in the muddy sites (k = 0.001). In muddy sediments, low attenuation due to low flushing rate in the mostly anaerobic sediment possibly contributed the persistence of PAHs. By May 2015 (~7.5 years after the spill), mean and maximum PAH concentrations decreased by 54 and 481 times, respectively, compared with the peak concentrations. The sedimentary PAH concentrations in the monitoring area have returned to regional background levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonkoo Kim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Jung
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yong Ha
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Geon An
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Joon Shim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Jung JH, Lee EH, Choi KM, Yim UH, Ha SY, An JG, Kim M. Developmental toxicity in flounder embryos exposed to crude oils derived from different geographical regions. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 196:19-26. [PMID: 28274761 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Crude oils from distinct geographical regions have distinct chemical compositions, and, as a result, their toxicity may be different. However, developmental toxicity of crude oils derived from different geographical regions has not been extensively characterized. In this study, flounder embryos were separately exposed to effluents contaminated by three crude oils including: Basrah Light (BLO), Pyrenees (PCO), and Sakhalin Vityaz (SVO), in addition to a processed fuel oil (MFO-380), to measure developmental toxicity and for gene expressions. Each oil possessed a distinct chemical composition. Edema defect was highest in embryos exposed to PCO and MFO-380 that both have a greater fraction of three-ring PAHs (33% and 22%, respectively) compared to BLO and SVO. Observed caudal fin defects were higher in embryos exposed to SVO and MFO-380, which are both dominated by naphthalenes (81% and 52%, respectively). CYP1A gene expressions were also highest in embryos exposed to SVO and MFO-380. Higher incidence of cardiotoxicity and lower nkx 2.5 expression were detected in embryos exposed to PCO. Unique gene expression profiles were observed in embryos exposed to crude oils with distinct compositions. This study demonstrates that crude oils of different geographical origins with different compositional characteristics induce developmental toxicity to different degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Hyun Jung
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Lee
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Min Choi
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yong Ha
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Geon An
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonkoo Kim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Jung JH, Ko J, Lee EH, Choi KM, Kim M, Yim UH, Lee JS, Shim WJ. RNA seq- and DEG-based comparison of developmental toxicity in fish embryos of two species exposed to Iranian heavy crude oil. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 196:1-10. [PMID: 28257923 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To determine and compare the toxic effects of Iranian heavy crude oil (IHCO) on the embryonic development of two fish species, we examined transcriptome profiles using RNA-seq. The assembled contigs were 66,070 unigenes in olive flounder embryos and 76,498 unigenes in spotted seabass embryos. In the differential gene expression (DEG) profiles, olive flounder embryos showed different up- and down-regulated patterns than spotted seabass embryos in response to fresh IHCO (FIHCO) and weathered IHCO (WIHCO). In this work, we categorized DEG profiles into six pathways: ribosome, oxidative phosphorylation, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and cardiac muscle contraction, validating the expression patterns of 13 DEGs using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. The expression of the CYP1A, CYP1B1, and CYP1C1 genes in spotted seabass embryos was higher than in olive flounder embryos, whereas genes related to cell processing, development, and the immune system showed the opposite trend. Orthologous gene cluster analysis showed that olive flounder embryos were sensitive (fold change of genes with cutoff P<0.05) to both FIHCO and WIHCO, but spotted seabass embryos exhibited higher sensitivity to WIHCO than FIHCO, indicating that species-specific differences are likely to be reflected in population levels after oil spills. Overall, our study provides new insight on the different embryonic susceptibilities of two marine fish species to FIHCO and WIHCO and a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms via RNA-seq and DEGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Hyun Jung
- Oil & POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junsu Ko
- Theragen Etex Bio Institute Inc., Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Lee
- Oil & POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Min Choi
- Oil & POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonkoo Kim
- Oil & POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil & POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Joon Shim
- Oil & POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Jung D, Kim JA, Park MS, Yim UH, Choi K. Human health and ecological assessment programs for Hebei Spirit oil spill accident of 2007: Status, lessons, and future challenges. Chemosphere 2017; 173:180-189. [PMID: 28110007 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Hebei Spirit oil spill (HSOS) of December 2007 is one of the worst oil spill accidents that occurred in Yellow Sea. The affected coastline along the west coast of Korean Peninsula hosts one of the largest tidal flats worldwide, and is home to tens of thousands of human residents. Based on nation-wide concerns on ecosystem damages and adverse human health effects, two separate surveillance programs on ecosystem and human health were initiated: a 10-year follow-up program by Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries to assess ecological impacts of the oil spill, and an exposure and health effect assessment program by Ministry of Environment for the residents of Taean and its vicinity. For the past eight years, extensive monitoring and surveillance data on ecosystem and humans have been accumulated through these programs. But these studies have been conducted mostly independently, and collaborations were seldom made between two programs. The lack of communication resulted in gaps and overlaps between the programs which led to loss of critical information and efficiency. As oil spill can affect both humans and ecosystem through various pathways, collaboration and communication between human and ecosystem health surveillance programs are necessary, and will synergize the success of both programs. Such concerted efforts will provide better platform for understanding the status of impact, and for developing approaches to address human and ecosystem health challenges that may be faced following environmental disasters like HSOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawoon Jung
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Korea Environment Institute, Sejong 30147, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ah Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Taean Environmental Health Center, Taean 32148, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Sook Park
- Taean Environmental Health Center, Taean 32148, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Kim C, Lee I, Jung D, Hong S, Khim JS, Giesy JP, Yim UH, Shim WJ, Choi K. Reconnaissance of dioxin-like and estrogen-like toxicities in sediments of Taean, Korea-seven years after the Hebei Spirit oil spill. Chemosphere 2017; 168:1203-1210. [PMID: 27816282 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Oil spills near the coastlines may damage marine and intertidal ecosystem. Constituents of the oil have been reported to cause toxic consequences mediated by aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and estrogen receptor (ER). In the present study, AhR- and ER-mediated toxicities of coastal sediments of Taean were investigated seven years after Hebei Spirit oil spill (HSOS). Sediment samples were collected on June and October 2014 from seven locations along the Taean coastline, where signs of oil spill were detected. Sediment samples were extracted in Soxhlet extractors and further processed through activated silica gels to separate into four fractions; F1 (saturate hydrocarbons), F2 (aromatic hydrocarbons), F3 (resins and polar compounds), and F4 (residues). ER-mediated and AhR-mediated potencies (% E2max and % TCDDmax) of each fraction were determined using MVLN cells and H4IIE-luc cells, respectively. F2 and F3 fractions of Sinduri 1, Sinduri 2, and Sogeunri 1 samples showed greater AhR-mediated potencies (up to 107% TCDDmax). Chemical analysis revealed that PAH components are correlated with AhR-binding activities. The % E2max results varied by sample: While there was no noticeable induction of ER-dependent responses (<45%), some aromatics fractions (F2) exhibited the highest ER-mediated responses. Compared with previous reports from the same sites, both AhR-mediated and ER-mediated potencies have decreased over time. Nevertheless, AhR-mediated potencies could be identified in the environmental samples even after 7 years of the incident. Therefore, possible ecosystem implications of these findings should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheolmin Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; CRI Global Institute of Toxicology, Croen Inc., Suwon, 16614, Republic of Korea
| | - Inae Lee
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dawoon Jung
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Korea Environment Institute, Sejong, 30147, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences & Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Joon Shim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Jung D, Guan M, Lee S, Kim C, Shin H, Hong S, Yim UH, Shim WJ, Giesy JP, Khim JS, Zhang X, Choi K. Searching for novel modes of toxic actions of oil spill using E. coli live cell array reporter system - A Hebei Spirit oil spill study. Chemosphere 2017; 169:669-677. [PMID: 27914352 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Oil is a complex mixture of numerous compounds. Therefore, oil spills near shore can cause various adverse effects on coastal ecosystems. However, most toxicological assessments conducted on oil spill sites have focused on limited modes of toxic actions. In the present study, we utilized the Escherichia coli (E. coli) live cell array system (LCA) to identify novel modes of toxicities of the oil spill-affected sediments. For this purpose, sediment samples were collected from an area heavily polluted by Hebei Spirit oil spill (HSOS) incident of 2007. A total of 93 E. coli reporter genes were used to study responses to the chemicals in the mixture. E. coli K12 strains were exposed to extracts of oil or the sediment, and changes in gene expression were measured. Exposure to extracts of crude and weathered oil resulted in decreased expression in ∼30% of tested genes. However, changes in expression observed after exposure to sediment extracts varied. Sediment extracts containing large concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) caused down-regulation of >70% of the genes, while extracts containing lesser total concentrations of PAHs exhibited different trends: genes involved in drug resistance were generally up-regulated, while genes responsive to DNA damage were up-regulated in only two extracts. Results suggest that oil pollution can modulate several toxic response pathways related to DNA repair and antibiotic responses. Results from LCA obtained from the sediment and oil samples were different from those observed in the H4IIE-luc assay. Toxicological implications of such observations deserve further examination. Overall, LCA is a promising tool for screening samples and identifying potential modes of toxicities of environmental samples associated with oil spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawoon Jung
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Korea Environment Institute, Sejong, 30147, Republic of Korea
| | - Miao Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Sangwoo Lee
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolmin Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesoo Shin
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Joon Shim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences & Toxicology Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Kim M, Jung JH, Jin Y, Han GM, Lee T, Hong SH, Yim UH, Shim WJ, Choi DL, Kannan N. Origins of suspended particulate matter based on sterol distribution in low salinity water mass observed in the offshore East China Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 2016; 108:281-288. [PMID: 27167134 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The molecular composition and distribution of sterols were investigated in the East China Sea to identify the origins of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in offshore waters influenced by Changjiang River Diluted Water (CRDW). Total sterol concentrations ranged from 3200 to 31,900pgL(-1) and 663 to 5690pgL(-1) in the particulate and dissolved phases, respectively. Marine sterols dominated representing 71% and 66% in the particulate and dissolved phases, respectively. Typical sewage markers, such as coprostanol, were usually absent at ~250km offshore. However, sterols from allochthonous terrestrial plants were still detected at these sites. A negative relationship was observed between salinity and concentrations of terrestrial sterols in SPM, suggesting that significant amounts of terrestrial particulate matter traveled long distance offshore in the East China Sea, and the Changjiang River Diluted Water (CRDW) was an effective carrier of land-derived particulate organic matter to the offshore East China Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonkoo Kim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 41 Jangmok-1-gil, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Jung
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 41 Jangmok-1-gil, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongnu Jin
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 41 Jangmok-1-gil, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Myeong Han
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 41 Jangmok-1-gil, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehee Lee
- Jeju International Marine Science Research and Education Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 2670 Iljudong-ro, Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Hong
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 41 Jangmok-1-gil, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 41 Jangmok-1-gil, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Joon Shim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 41 Jangmok-1-gil, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Lim Choi
- South Sea Environment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 41 Jangmok-1-gil, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Narayanan Kannan
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 41 Jangmok-1-gil, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Environmental Studies, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Kim S, Sohn JH, Ha SY, Kang H, Yim UH, Shim WJ, Khim JS, Jung D, Choi K. Thyroid Hormone Disruption by Water-Accommodated Fractions of Crude Oil and Sediments Affected by the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill in Zebrafish and GH3 Cells. Environ Sci Technol 2016; 50:5972-5980. [PMID: 27144452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A crude oil and the coastal sediments that were affected by the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill (HSOS) of Taean, Korea were investigated for thyroid hormone disruption potentials. Water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) of Iranian Heavy crude oil, the major oil type of HSOS, and the porewater or leachate of sediment samples collected along the coast line of Taean were tested for thyroid disruption using developing zebrafish and/or rat pituitary GH3 cells. Major polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their alkylated forms were also measured from the test samples. In zebrafish larvae, significant decreases in whole-body thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels, along with transcriptional changes of thyroid regulating genes, were observed following 5 day exposure to WAFs. In GH3 cells, transcriptions of thyroid regulating genes were influenced following the exposure to the sediment samples, but the pattern of the regulatory change was different from those observed from the WAFs. Composition of PAHs and their alkylated homologues in the WAFs could partly explain this difference. Our results clearly demonstrate that WAFs of crude oil can disrupt thyroid function of larval zebrafish. Sediment samples also showed thyroid disrupting potentials in the GH3 cell, even several years after the oil spill. Long-term ecosystem consequences of thyroid hormone disruption due to oil spill deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sung Yong Ha
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST) , Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST) , Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Joon Shim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST) , Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
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