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Nie B, Liu X, Lei C, Liang X, Zhang D, Zhang J. The role of lysosomes in airborne particulate matter-induced pulmonary toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170893. [PMID: 38342450 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
An investigation of the potential role of lysosomes in airborne particulate matter (APM) induced health risks is essential to fully comprehend the pathogenic mechanisms of respiratory diseases. It is commonly accepted that APM-induced lung injury is caused by oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and DNA damage. In addition, there exists abundant evidence that changes in lysosomal function are essential for cellular adaptation to a variety of particulate stimuli. This review emphasizes that disruption of the lysosomal structure/function is a key step in the cellular metabolic imbalance induced by APMs. After being ingested by cells, most particles are localized within lysosomes. Thus, lysosomes become the primary locus where APMs accumulate, and here they undergo degradation and release toxic components. Recent studies have provided incontrovertible evidence that a wide variety of APMs interfere with the normal function of lysosomes. After being stimulated by APMs, lysosome rupture leads to a loss of lysosomal acidic conditions and the inactivation of proteolytic enzymes, promoting an inflammatory response by activating the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Moreover, APMs interfere with autophagosome production or block autophagic flux, resulting in autophagy dysfunction. Additionally, APMs disrupt the normal function of lysosomes in iron metabolism, leading to disruption on iron homeostasis. Therefore, understanding the impacts of APM exposure from the perspective of lysosomes will provide new insights into the detrimental consequences of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxue Nie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Chengying Lei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Liang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Daoqiang Zhang
- Weihai Central Hospital Central Laboratory, Weihai 264400, Shandong, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China.
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2
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Zheng L, Mao R, Liang X, Jia Y, Chen Z, Yao S, Jiang Y, Shao Y. Carbon black nanoparticles and cadmium co-exposure aggravates bronchial epithelial cells inflammation via autophagy-lysosome pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117733. [PMID: 38000634 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Carbon black nanoparticles (CBNPs) and cadmium (Cd) are major components of various air pollutants and cigarette smoke. Autophagy and inflammation both play critical roles in understanding the toxicity of particles and their components, as well as maintaining body homeostasis. However, the effects and mechanisms of CBNPs and Cd (CBNPs-Cd) co-exposure on the human respiratory system remain unclear. In this study, a CBNPs-Cd exposure model was constructed to explore the respiratory toxicity and combined mechanism of these chemicals on the autophagy-lysosome pathway in the context of respiratory inflammation. Co-exposure of CBNPs and Cd significantly increased the number of autophagosomes and lysosomes in human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) and mouse lung tissues compared to the control group, as well as the groups exposed to CBNPs and Cd alone. Autophagic markers, LC3II and P62 proteins, were up-regulated in 16HBE cells and mouse lung tissues after CBNPs-Cd co-exposure. However, treatment with Cq inhibitor (an indicator of lysosomal acid environment) resulted in a substantial decreased co-localization fluorescence of LC3 and lysosomes in the CBNPs-Cd combination group compared with the CBNPs-Cd single and control groups. No difference in LAMP1 protein expression was observed among the exposed groups. Adding 3 MA alleviated inflammatory responses, while applying the Baf-A1 inhibitor aggravated inflammation both in vitro and in vivo following CBNPs-Cd co-exposure. Factorial analysis showed no interaction between CBNPs and Cd in their effects on 16HBE cells. We demonstrated that co-exposure to CBNPs-Cd increases the synthesis of autophagosomes and regulates the acidic environment of lysosomes, thereby inhibiting autophagy-lysosome fusion and enhancing the inflammatory response in both 16HBE cells and mouse lung. These findings provide evidence for a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between CBNPs and Cd in mixed pollutants, as well as for the prevention and control of occupational exposure to these two chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Zheng
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Rulin Mao
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xiaohong Liang
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yangyang Jia
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Zehao Chen
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Shuwei Yao
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yiguo Jiang
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China; School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yueting Shao
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China; School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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Wang L, Wen W, Yan J, Zhang R, Li C, Jiang H, Chen S, Pardo M, Zhu K, Jia B, Zhang W, Bai Z, Shi L, Cheng Y, Rudich Y, Morawska L, Chen J. Influence of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds and Oxidation States of Soot Organics on the Metabolome of Human-Lung Cells (A549): Implications for Vehicle Fuel Selection. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:21593-21604. [PMID: 37955649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Decades of research have established the toxicity of soot particles resulting from incomplete combustion. However, the unique chemical compounds responsible for adverse health effects have remained uncertain. This study utilized mass spectrometry to analyze the chemical composition of extracted soot organics at three oxidation states, aiming to establish quantitative relationships between potentially toxic chemicals and their impact on human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549) through metabolomics-based evaluations. Targeted analysis using MS/MS indicated that particles with a medium oxidation state contained the highest total abundance of compounds, particularly oxygen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) composed of fused benzene rings and unsaturated carbonyls, which may cause oxidative stress, characterized by the upregulation of three specific metabolites. Further investigation focused on three specific OPAH standards: 1,4-naphthoquinone, 9-fluorenone, and anthranone. Pathway analysis indicated that exposure to these compounds affected transcriptional functions, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, cell proliferation, and the oxidative stress response. Biodiesel combustion emissions had higher concentrations of PAHs, OPAHs, and nitrogen-containing PAHs (NPAHs) compared with other fuels. Quinones and 9,10-anthraquinone were identified as the dominant compounds within the OPAH category. This knowledge enhances our understanding of the compounds contributing to adverse health effects observed in epidemiological studies and highlights the role of aerosol composition in toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wen Wen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiaqian Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Runqi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Hongxing Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shaofeng Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Michal Pardo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ke Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Boyue Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhe Bai
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Longbo Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yingjun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Lidia Morawska
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health (ILAQH), School of Earth of Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
- IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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Jiang S, Chen L, Shen J, Zhang D, Wu H, Wang R, Zhang S, Jiang N, Li W. Adverse Effects of Prenatal Exposure to Oxidized Black Carbon Particles on the Reproductive System of Male Mice. TOXICS 2023; 11:556. [PMID: 37505521 PMCID: PMC10385084 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Ambient black carbon (BC), a main constituent of atmospheric particulate matter (PM), is a primary particle that is mainly generated by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuel and biomass burning. BC has been identified as a potential health risk via exposure. However, the adverse effects of exposure to BC on the male reproductive system remain unclear. In the present study, we explored the effects of maternal exposure to oxidized black carbon (OBC) during pregnancy on testicular development and steroid synthesis in male offspring. Pregnant mice were exposed to OBC (467 μg/kg BW) or nanopure water (as control) by intratracheal instillation from gestation day (GD) 4 to GD 16.5 (every other day). We examined the testicular histology, daily sperm production, serum testosterone, and mRNA expression of hormone synthesis process-related factors of male offspring at postnatal day (PND) 35 and PND 84. Histological examinations exhibited abnormal seminiferous tubules with degenerative changes and low cellular adhesion in testes of OBC-exposed mice at PND 35 and PND 84. Consistent with the decrease in daily sperm production, the serum testosterone level of male offspring of OBC-exposed mice also decreased significantly. Correspondingly, mRNA expression levels of hormone-synthesis-related genes (i.e., StAR, P450scc, P450c17, and 17β-HSD) were markedly down-regulated in male offspring of PND 35 and PND 84, respectively. In brief, these results suggest that prenatal exposure has detrimental effects on mouse spermatogenesis in adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanglin Jiang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
| | - Jianyun Shen
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
| | - Hai Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
| | - Rong Wang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
| | - Shangrong Zhang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenyong Li
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
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5
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Aslam I, Roeffaers MBJ. Carbonaceous Nanoparticle Air Pollution: Toxicity and Detection in Biological Samples. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12223948. [PMID: 36432235 PMCID: PMC9698098 DOI: 10.3390/nano12223948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Among the different air pollutants, particulate matter (PM) is of great concern due to its abundant presence in the atmosphere, which results in adverse effects on the environment and human health. The different components of PM can be classified based on their physicochemical properties. Carbonaceous particles (CPs) constitute a major fraction of ultrafine PM and have the most harmful effects. Herein, we present a detailed overview of the main components of CPs, e.g., carbon black (CB), black carbon (BC), and brown carbon (BrC), from natural and anthropogenic sources. The emission sources and the adverse effects of CPs on the environment and human health are discussed. Particularly, we provide a detailed overview of the reported toxic effects of CPs in the human body, such as respiratory effects, cardiovascular effects, neurodegenerative effects, carcinogenic effects, etc. In addition, we also discuss the challenges faced by and limitations of the available analytical techniques for the qualitative and quantitative detection of CPs in atmospheric and biological samples. Considering the heterogeneous nature of CPs and biological samples, a detailed overview of different analytical techniques for the detection of CPs in (real-exposure) biological samples is also provided. This review provides useful insights into the classification, toxicity, and detection of CPs in biological samples.
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6
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Xu R, Zheng X, Lin Y, Lin C, Guo Y, Huo X. Assessment of dust trace elements in an e-waste recycling area and related children's health risks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:148154. [PMID: 34118658 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Children from Guiyu, an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling town, are exposed to trace elements via dust. However, the source, pathways, and influence factors of house dust and the association of house dust with child inflammation in an e-waste recycling area are not well-known. This study investigated dust trace elements in children's living environment and the associations of house dust trace elements with influence factors and child inflammation. A total of 108 dust samples from children's residences, roads, and kindergartens in Guiyu (an exposed area) and Haojiang and Shantou urban areas (reference areas) were collected and analyzed, as well as children's questionnaire data. The Mann-Whitney U test found there were higher trace element concentrations in road dust (Co, Ni, and Cu), kindergarten dust (Al, V, Mn, Co, Ni, and Zn), and house dust (V, Co, Cu, As, and Cd) in Guiyu than in Haojiang and Shantou urban areas (P < 0.05). Our analysis showed that house dust and road dust have similar distribution patterns of trace elements. Spearman's correlations showed close relationships among quantities of trace elements (P < 0.05). Higher trace element concentrations in dust were found in houses that used indoor shoe cabinets and opened windows frequently (P < 0.05). In houses of children with airway inflammation, higher dust Ba concentrations were found (P < 0.05), and if their fathers did not work with e-waste, we found higher dust Pb concentrations (Mann-Whitney U test, P < 0.05). Health assessments showed a high risk of exposure through ingestion and an acceptable risk of exposure through inhalation of dust trace elements for children. However, relationships between airway inflammation and house dust trace elements showed the inhalation risk might be underestimated. This study suggests trace element exposure via dust poses a health risk for children living in e-waste recycling areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangbin Zheng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Yucong Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ciming Lin
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Yufeng Guo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China.
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Liu G, Yan X, Wang S, Yu Q, Jia J, Yan B. Elucidation of the Critical Role of Core Materials in PM 2.5-Induced Cytotoxicity by Interrogating Silica- and Carbon-Based Model PM 2.5 Particle Libraries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:6128-6139. [PMID: 33825456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An insoluble core with adsorbed pollutants constitutes the most toxic part of PM2.5 particles. However, the toxicological difference between carbon and silica cores remains unknown. Here, we employed 32-membered carbon- and silica-based model PM2.5 libraries that each was loaded with four toxic airborne pollutants including Cr(VI), As(III), Pb2+, and BaP in all possible combinations to explore their contributions to cytotoxicity in normal human bronchial cells. The following three crucial findings were revealed: (1) more adsorption of polar pollutants in a silica core (such as Cr(VI), As(III), and Pb2+) and nonpolar ones in a carbon core (such as BaP); (2) about 41% more cell uptake of carbon- than silica-based particles; and (3) about 59% less toxicity in silica- than carbon-based particles when pollutants other than Cr(VI) were loaded. This was reversed after Cr(VI) loading (silica particles were 56% more toxic). The difference maker is that compared to stable silica, carbon particles reduce Cr(VI) to less toxic Cr(III). Our findings highlight the different roles of carbon and silica cores in inducing health risks of PM2.5 particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiliang Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shenqing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qianhui Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jianbo Jia
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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Structural diversity and fluorescence properties of lead (II) complexes based on a flexible tricarboxylate and two large conjugate N-donor ligands. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Jiang N, Wen H, Zhou M, Lei T, Shen J, Zhang D, Wang R, Wu H, Jiang S, Li W. Low-dose combined exposure of carboxylated black carbon and heavy metal lead induced potentiation of oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation, and apoptosis in BEAS-2B cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 206:111388. [PMID: 33007543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) and heavy metal lead (Pb), as typical components of atmospheric PM2.5, have been shown to cause a variety of adverse health effects. However, co-exposure to BC and Pb may induce pulmonary damage by aggravating toxicity via an unknown mechanism. This study aimed to investigate the combined toxicity of carboxylated black carbon (c-BC) and lead acetate (Pb) on human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) at the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL). Cells were exposed to c-BC (6.25 μg/mL) and Pb (4 μg/mL) alone or their combination, and their combined toxicity was investigated by focusing on cell viability, oxidative stress, DNA damage, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), apoptosis, and cellular inflammation. Factorial analyses were also used to determine the potential interactions between c-BC and Pb. The results suggested that the combination of c-BC and Pb could significantly increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and lactate dehydrogenase leakage (LDH) and decrease the activities of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The excessive oxidative stress could increase the levels of inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and TNF-α, and induce oxidative DNA damage and dissipation of MMP. Moreover, the results also suggested that the combined group could enhance the cellular apoptotic rate and the activation of apoptotic markers like caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9. The factorial analysis further demonstrated that synergistic interaction was responsible for the combined toxicity of c-BC and Pb co-exposure. Most noticeably, the co-exposure of c-BC and Pb could induce some unexpected toxicity, even beyond the known toxicities of the individual compounds in BEAS-2B cells at the NOAEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, 236037, PR China; School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, 236037, PR China
| | - Haiyan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, 236037, PR China; School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, 236037, PR China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, 236037, PR China; School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, 236037, PR China
| | - Tiantian Lei
- Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, 236037, PR China; School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, 236037, PR China
| | - Jianyun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, 236037, PR China; School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, 236037, PR China
| | - Di Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, 236037, PR China; School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, 236037, PR China
| | - Rong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, 236037, PR China; School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, 236037, PR China
| | - Hai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, 236037, PR China; School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, 236037, PR China
| | - Shuanglin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, 236037, PR China; School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, 236037, PR China.
| | - Wenyong Li
- Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, 236037, PR China; School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, 236037, PR China.
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Shi Y, Tian C, Yu X, Fang Y, Zhao X, Zhang X, Xia D. Protective Effects of Smilax glabra Roxb. Against Lead-Induced Renal Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis in Weaning Rats and HEK-293 Cells. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:556248. [PMID: 32982754 PMCID: PMC7493636 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.556248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is an important environmental pollutant. Oxidative stress and the inflammatory response have been postulated as mechanisms involved in lead-induced renal damage. Smilax glabra Roxb. has been used for treatment of heavy-metal poisoning in China for 500 years. We investigated S. glabra flavonoids extract (SGF) could attenuate lead acetate-induced nephrotoxicity in weaning rats and human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells, and investigated the possible mechanisms. Compared with Pb exposed group of weaning rats, SGF could significantly promote lead excretion in the blood and kidney, and increase the content of the renal-function indicators blood urea nitrogen, serum uric acid, and serum creatinine. SGF could improve the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and histologic changes in the kidneys of weaning rats exposed to Pb. SGF could also reduce lead-induced cytotoxicity, improve DNA damage-induced apoptosis and cleaved caspase-3-mediated apoptosis in HEK-293 cells stimulated with Pb. SGF significantly increased the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, and decreased excessive release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde in the kidneys of the weaning rats and in HEK-293 cells. The antioxidant mechanism of SGF related to activation of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/nuclear-factor-E2-related factor 2/hemeoxygenase-1(Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1) pathway. SGF could inhibit secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced by Pb in vivo and in vitro. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of SGF related to inhibition of ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokines triggered the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway through blockade of inhibitors of I-κB degradation, phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, and nuclear translocation of p65. Our findings indicate that SGF could be a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent for treating lead-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chongmei Tian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Shaoxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Xinfen Yu
- Center of Health Laboratory Technology, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuejuan Fang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daozong Xia
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Zhao J, Mi X, Zhao L, Midgley AC, Tang H, Tian M, Yan H, Wang K, Wang R, Wan Y, Kong D, Mao H, Wang T. Validation of PM 2.5 model particle through physicochemical evaluation and atherosclerotic plaque formation in ApoE -/- mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 192:110308. [PMID: 32058168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 particles are regarded as prominent risk factors that contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. However, the composition of PM2.5 is rather complicated. This study aimed to provide a model particle that simulates the behavior of actual PM2.5, for subsequent use in exploring mechanisms and major complications arising from PM2.5. To establish model particles of PM2.5, a series of monodisperse SiO2 microspheres with different average grain diameters were mixed according to the size distribution of actual PM2.5. The organic carbon (OC) was removed from PM2.5 and coated onto the SiO2 model particle, to formulate simulant PM2.5. Results showed that the size distribution of the model particle was highly approximate to that of the PM2.5 core. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) composition profile of the simulated PM2.5 were approximate to PM2.5, and loading efficiency was approximately 80%-120%. Furthermore, compared to the control, SiO2-only model particle had negligible cytotoxicity on cell viability and oxidative stress of HUVECs, and marginal effect on the lipid metabolism and atherosclerotic plaque formation in ApoE-/- mice. In contrast, simulated PM2.5 exhibited similar cytotoxic and detrimental effects on lipid metabolism and atherosclerotic plaque formation with actual PM2.5. Traffic-related PM2.5 had negative effects on endothelial function and led to the formation of atherosclerosis via oxidative stress. The simulated PM2.5 simulated the outcomes of actual PM2.5 exposure. Here, we show that SiO2 particle model cores coated with OC could significantly assist in the evaluation of the effects of specific organic compositions bound on PM2.5, specifically in the context of environmental health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Zhao
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xingyan Mi
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Adam C Midgley
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Haoyu Tang
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Mengya Tian
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hongyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yajuan Wan
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Deling Kong
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Hongjun Mao
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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12
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Mu Y, Yu J, Ji W, Chen L, Wang X, Yan B. Alleviation of Pb 2+ pollution-induced oxidative stress and toxicity in microglial cells and zebrafish larvae by chicoric acid. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:396-402. [PMID: 31108416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pb2+ pollution and poisoning are serious environmental and pharmacological concerns. The World Health Organization reported that Pb has resulted in 540,000 deaths in 2016 alone. Therefore, effective drugs or supplements that can alleviate or offset Pb2+-induced toxicity are badly needed. Through screening biocompatible natural compounds, we discovered that chicoric acid exhibited potent protective activities against Pb2+-induced toxicity both in BV-2 microglial cells and in zebrafish from the first days of development. Chicoric acid was able to reduce Pb2+-induced increases in levels of reactive oxygen species and tumor necrosis factor alpha, restoring the cell cycle in BV-2 cells. In the zebrafish model, chicoric acid significantly alleviated the Pb2+-induced serious mortality and malformation of zebrafish larvae in a concentration-dependent manner. These protective activities of chicoric acid were mainly from its alleviation of Pb2+-induced dysregulation of oxidative response pathways, including key genes such as Aox1, Gclm, Hmox1, Nqo1, Scd1, and Srxn1, as well as HO-1 protein. Since Pb2+ is difficult to be completely eliminated from the body and chelating agents may cause serious adverse effects, chicoric acid is likely a potential supplement therapy, in addition to current clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Mu
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Jinqian Yu
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Wenhua Ji
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Long Chen
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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13
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Kong J, An J, Zhang D, Shang Y, Zheng K, Yang Y. Transcriptomic analyses of the biological effects of black carbon exposure to A549 cells. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 246:289-298. [PMID: 31181478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ambient black carbon (BC) is found to be associated with increased risk of diverse pulmonary diseases, including acute respiratory inflammation and decreased lung function. Freshly emitted BC (FBC) can be transformed into oxidized BC (OBC) through the photochemical oxidization in the air. How this oxidization process influences the toxicity of BC particles is unclear. Previous studies found FBC and OBC could induce oxidative stress and inflammation. This study aimed to further compare the regulating pathways and tried to reveal the crucial target genes caused by FBC and OBC in A549 cells based on transcriptomic data. A total of 47,000 genes in A549 cells after treated with FBC and OBC were examined using Affymetrix Human U133 plus 2.0 chips. Gene ontology (GO) classification (functional enrichment of differentially expressed genes) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) classification (pathway enrichment of differentially expressed genes) were conducted and crucial genes were screened. The results showed that top 50 GO terms of FBC and OBC were not completely consistent. The Go term of cation channel was only identified in OBC group, probably caused by the characteristic that zeta potential of OBC is negative, while, that of FBC is positive. In addition transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (trpm7) gene was suggested to be closely related to this process caused by OBC. There are 47 identical pathways in FBC and OBC group among the top 50 KEGG. The inconsistent pathways are mostly related to inflammation with different up-regulation or down-regulation trends of crucial genes. The KEGG results suggested that FBC and OBC both cause inflammatory responses, but through different regulating pathways. In conclusion, OBC and FBC could induce similar toxic endpoints in A549 cells, but the underline regulating processes are not exactly the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexing Kong
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jing An
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Dongping Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yu Shang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Kewen Zheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Yiting Yang
- Department of Neurology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University. Shanghai 200433, China.
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14
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Dong YM, Liao LY, Li L, Yi F, Meng H, He YF, Guo MM. Skin inflammation induced by ambient particulate matter in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 682:364-373. [PMID: 31125750 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Most published studies on particulate matter (PM) concerning PM2.5 and PM10 have focused on PM-induced effects on the respiratory system (particularly lung) and cardiovascular system effects. However, epidemiological and mechanistic studies suggest that PM2.5 and PM10 also affects the skin, which is a key health issue. In this study, we first reviewed the current status of PM2.5 and PM10 in China, including relevant regulations, concentration levels, chemical components, and emission sources. Next, we summarized the association between PM2.5 and PM10 or its representative components, in relation to skin inflammation as well as inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, acne, eczema, and skin aging. Finally, we determined the mechanism of oxidative stress or programmed cell death induced through PM, which can provide useful information for future research on PM-induced skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Mao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetics, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11/33, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11/33, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Lian-Ying Liao
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetics, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11/33, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11/33, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetics, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11/33, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11/33, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Fan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetics, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11/33, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11/33, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Hong Meng
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetics, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11/33, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11/33, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Yi-Fan He
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetics, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11/33, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11/33, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Miao-Miao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetics, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11/33, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11/33, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, PR China.
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15
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Du Y, Hou L, Chu C, Jin Y, Sun W, Zhang R. Characterization of serum metabolites as biomarkers of carbon black nanoparticles-induced subchronic toxicity in rats by hybrid triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry with non-targeted metabolomics strategy. Toxicology 2019; 426:152268. [PMID: 31437482 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Carbon black nanoparticles (CBNPs) are one of atmospheric particles components and have been closely related with a series of lung diseases. It can reach the depths of the respiratory tract or even alveolar more easily than those micro-particles. Although some of its toxicities have been confirmed in animals or human bodies, the subchronic toxicity mechanism of CBNPs has been uncertain so far. Therefore, it is very necessary to establish a novel method and clarify the mechanism of subchronic toxicity caused by concentration adjustments of small molecule metabolites in vivo. In animal experiments, CB exposure, recovery and control group were set up. The concentration of CBNPs in chamber was 30.06 ± 4.42 mg/m3. We developed a UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS-based non-targeted metabolomic analysis strategy to analyze serum samples of rats. Then, differential metabolites in serum were found by multivariate data analysis and 39 potential biomarkers were identified. It was showed that main metabolic pathways associated with CBNPs exposure were hormones metabolism, amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism and lipid metabolism. It is worth noting that long-term exposure to CBNPs had the greatest impact on steroid hormones biosynthesis so that the risk of infertility could increase. The results provided a new mechanistic insight into the metabolic alterations owing to CBNPs induced subchronic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, PR China
| | - Ludan Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, PR China
| | - Chen Chu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, the School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, PR China
| | - Yiran Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, PR China; The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, PR China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, PR China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, the School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, PR China.
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16
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Jia J, Yuan X, Peng X, Yan B. Cr(VI)/Pb 2+ are responsible for PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity in A549 cells while pulmonary surfactant alleviates such toxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 172:152-158. [PMID: 30708226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The composition of PM2.5 is extremely complicated, making the causes of PM2.5-induced toxicity hard to understand. To identify the major toxic components of PM2.5 particles, we used reductionism approach, synthesized and investigated a model PM2.5 library containing 24 carbon nanoparticles with adsorbed pollutants including Cr(VI), Pb2+, As(III) and BaP either individually or in combinations. Our data showed that major physicochemical characteristics of model PM2.5 library members were similar to PM2.5 particles from Guangzhou city (PM2.5-GZ). Cytotoxicity of lung cells (A549) was increasing as the member of adsorbed pollutants at environment relevant concentrations. Using these model particles, we identified that co-existence of Cr(VI) and Pb2+ components contributed to the PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity in A549 cells. Besides, pulmonary surfactant reduced the PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity in A549 cells probably via enhancing cell autophagy. The findings from this study suggest that systematic investigation using model PM2.5 particle library helps identify key toxic pollutants in otherwise very complex PM2.5 particles and facilitate our understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Jia
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoru Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaowu Peng
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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17
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Zhu J, Zhao Y, Gao Y, Li C, Zhou L, Qi W, Zhang Y, Ye L. Effects of Different Components of PM 2.5 on the Expression Levels of NF-κB Family Gene mRNA and Inflammatory Molecules in Human Macrophage. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1408. [PMID: 31010106 PMCID: PMC6518365 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16081408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Studies have found that exposure to fine particulate matter with sizes below 2.5 µm (PM2.5) might cause inflammation response via the NF-κB pathway. To date, only a few studies have focused on the toxicity of different components of PM2.5. We aimed to explore the effects of PM2.5 with different components on the expression levels of NF-κB family gene mRNA and inflammatory molecules in human macrophages. Methods: Human monocytic cell line THP-1-derived macrophages were exposed to water-soluble (W-PM2.5), fat-soluble (F-PM2.5), and insoluble (I-PM2.5) PM2.5. The cell survival rate was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The levels of inflammatory molecules were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the relative mRNA levels of the NF-κB family gene were determined by real time PCR. Results: PM2.5 could decrease the cell viability. After exposure to W-PM2.5, the levels of interleukins (IL)-1β and IL-12 p70 significantly increased. After exposure to F-PM2.5, the levels of IL-12 p70 significantly increased. The levels of IL-12 p70 and TNF-α after exposure to I-PM2.5 were significantly higher than that in W- and F-PM2.5 treatment groups. The levels of IL-8, C reactive protein (CRP), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 increased only after exposure to I-PM2.5. F-PM2.5 increased the mRNA levels of NF-κB genes, especially NF-κB1 and RelA. Conclusions: PM2.5 can decrease the cell survival rate and up-regulate the expression of NF-κB family gene mRNA and inflammatory molecules. The main toxic components of PM2.5 related to inflammatory response in macrophages were the I-PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Yaming Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Yizhen Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Chunyan Li
- Clinical Teaching and Research Laboratory, Medical School, Xilingol Vocational College, Inner Mongolia 026000, China.
| | - Liting Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Wen Qi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Yuezhu Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
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