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Awaleh MO, Boschetti T, Ahmed MM, Dabar OA, Robleh MA, Waberi MM, Ibrahim NH, Dirieh ES. Spatial distribution, geochemical processes of high-content fluoride and nitrate groundwater, and an associated probabilistic human health risk appraisal in the Republic of Djibouti. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:171968. [PMID: 38588734 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
In the northern East African Rift System, the Republic of Djibouti relies exclusively on groundwater, with levels of fluoride (up to 14 mg/L) and nitrate (up to 256 mg/L) posing potential health risks. To address this, 362 samples were considered, including 133 shallow groundwater samples, along with new and previously published data dating back to 2012 on deep (88) and thermal (141) groundwater samples. To understand the enrichment mechanisms, dissolved anion and cation constituents, geochemical and thermodynamic tools, and stable isotope ratios, such as δ2H(H2O), δ18O(H2O), δ15N(NO3-), and δ18O(NO3-), were used. In particular, two activity diagrams (Mg2+ vs. Ca2+ and Na+ vs. Ca2+), focused on aqueous and solid fluoride species in an updated thermodynamic dataset of 15 fluoride-bearing minerals, are shown for the first time. The dataset offers new and valuable insights into fluoride geochemistry (classic thermodynamic datasets combined with geochemical codes rely solely on fluorapatite and fluorite F-bearing minerals). Activity diagrams and geochemical modeling indicate that mineral dissolution primarily drives groundwater fluoride enrichment in all water types, whereas the elevated nitrate levels may stem from organic fertilizers like animal manure, as indicated by nitrate isotopes and NO3-/Cl- vs Cl- diagrams. Despite the arid climate and 2H18O enrichment in shallow waters, evaporation seems to play a minor role. Monte Carlo simulations and sensitivity analysis were used to assess the health risks associated with elevated F- and NO3- concentrations. Mapping-related spatial distribution analysis identified regional contamination hotspots using a global Moran's I and GIS tools. One fluoride and three nitrate contamination hotspots were identified at a p-value of 0.05. Groundwater chemistry revealed that 88 % of groundwater being consumed exceeded the permissible levels for fluoride and nitrate, posing potential health risks, particularly for teenagers and children. This study pinpoints specific areas with excessive nitrate and fluoride contamination, highlighting a high non-carcinogenic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Osman Awaleh
- Institut des Sciences de la Terre, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches de Djibouti (CERD), Route de l'aéroport, 486, Djibouti-ville, Djibouti.
| | - Tiziano Boschetti
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 157/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Moussa Mahdi Ahmed
- Observatoire Régional de la Recherche pour l'Environnement et le Climat (ORREC), Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches de Djibouti (CERD), Route de l'aéroport, 486, Djibouti-ville, Djibouti
| | - Omar Assowe Dabar
- Observatoire Régional de la Recherche pour l'Environnement et le Climat (ORREC), Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches de Djibouti (CERD), Route de l'aéroport, 486, Djibouti-ville, Djibouti
| | - Mohamed Abdillahi Robleh
- Institut des Sciences de la Terre, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches de Djibouti (CERD), Route de l'aéroport, 486, Djibouti-ville, Djibouti
| | - Moussa Mohamed Waberi
- Observatoire Régional de la Recherche pour l'Environnement et le Climat (ORREC), Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches de Djibouti (CERD), Route de l'aéroport, 486, Djibouti-ville, Djibouti
| | - Nasri Hassan Ibrahim
- Observatoire Régional de la Recherche pour l'Environnement et le Climat (ORREC), Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches de Djibouti (CERD), Route de l'aéroport, 486, Djibouti-ville, Djibouti
| | - Elias Said Dirieh
- Cabinet Médico-Chirurgical de Gachamaleh, Cité Gachamaleh, Lot 14, 493, Djibouti-ville, Djibouti; Data Pathology Laboratory, Cité Gachamaleh, Recette Centrale, 493, Djibouti-ville, Djibouti
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2
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Wang S, Chen J, Zhang S, Bai Y, Zhang X, Chen D, Hu J. Groundwater hydrochemical signatures, nitrate sources, and potential health risks in a typical karst catchment of North China using hydrochemistry and multiple stable isotopes. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:173. [PMID: 38592592 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01964-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Nitrate pollution in aquatic ecosystems has received growing concern, particularly in fragile karst basins. In this study, hydrochemical compositions, multiple stable isotopes (δ2H-H2O, δ18Ο-Η2Ο, δ15Ν-ΝΟ3-, and δ18Ο-ΝΟ3-), and Bayesian stable isotope mixing model (MixSIAR) were applied to elucidate nitrate pollution sources in groundwater of the Yangzhuang Basin. The Durov diagram identified the dominant groundwater chemical face as Ca-HCO3 type. The NO3- concentration ranged from 10.89 to 90.45 mg/L (average 47.34 mg/L), showing an increasing trend from the upstream forest and grassland to the downstream agricultural dominant area. It is worth noting that 47.2% of groundwater samples exceeded the NO3- threshold value of 50 mg/L for drinking water recommended by the World Health Organization. The relationship between NO3-/Cl- and Cl- ratios suggested that most groundwater samples were located in nitrate mixed endmember from agricultural input, soil organic nitrogen, and manure & sewage. The Self-Organizing Map (SOM) and Pearson correlations analysis further indicated that the application of calcium fertilizer, sodium fertilizer, and livestock and poultry excrement in farmland elevated NO3- level in groundwater. The output results of the MixSIAR model showed that the primary sources of NO3- in groundwater were soil organic nitrogen (55.3%), followed by chemical fertilizers (28.5%), sewage & manure (12.7%), and atmospheric deposition (3.4%). Microbial nitrification was a dominant nitrogen conversion pathway elevating NO3- levels in groundwater, while the denitrification can be neglectable across the study area. The human health risk assessment (HHRA) model identified that about 88.9%, 77.8%, 72.2%, and 50.0% of groundwater samples posing nitrate's non-carcinogenic health hazards (HQ > 1) through oral intake for infants, children, females, and males, respectively. The findings of this study can offer useful biogeochemical information on nitrogen pollution in karst groundwater to support sustainable groundwater management in similar human-affected karst regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou Wang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No. 8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No. 8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shuxuan Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No. 8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanjie Bai
- Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Hydrology Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No. 8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No. 8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahong Hu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of CAS, Shijiazhuang, 050021, Hebei, China
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Vesković J, Deršek-Timotić I, Lučić M, Miletić A, Đolić M, Ražić S, Onjia A. Entropy-weighted water quality index, hydrogeochemistry, and Monte Carlo simulation of source-specific health risks of groundwater in the Morava River plain (Serbia). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 201:116277. [PMID: 38537568 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Population growth, urbanization, industry, floods, and agriculture globally degrade groundwater in river plains, necessitating action for its quality assessment and management. Hence, a comprehensive methodology, including hydrogeochemical facies (Piper, Gibbs), irrigation indices (SAR, Wilcox), entropy-weighted water quality index (EWQI), positive matrix factorization (PMF), and Monte Carlo simulation of source-specific health risks was used in this study to analyze groundwater in the Morava river plain (Serbia). The results revealed a prevalent Ca-Mg-HCO3 groundwater type, influenced by water-rock interactions. Although groundwater was found suitable for irrigation, only 66.7 % of the samples were considered drinkable. Agricultural activities, natural processes, and municipal wastewater were identified as primary pollution sources. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and hazard index (HI) threshold exceedance for adults and children ranged from 8.5 % to 39 % of the samples, with arsenic identified as the most risk-contributing contaminant. These findings provide valuable insights for researchers studying groundwater vulnerability in river plains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Vesković
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia; University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Deršek-Timotić
- Serbian Environmental Protection Agency, Ruže Jovanovića 27a, 11160 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Lučić
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrijana Miletić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Đolić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavica Ražić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Antonije Onjia
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Patel RJ, Nerurkar AS. Thauera sp. for efficient nitrate removal in continuous denitrifying moving bed biofilm reactor. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:429-442. [PMID: 38441647 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-02977-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Thauera is the most widely found dominant denitrifying genus in wastewater. In earlier study, MBBR augmented with a specially developed denitrifying five-membered bacterial consortium (DC5) where Thauera was found to be the most abundant and persistent genus. Therefore, to check the functional potential of Thauera in the removal of nitrate-containing wastewater in the present study Thauera sp.V14 one of the member of the consortium DC5 was used as the model organism. Thauera sp.V14 exhibited strong hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation ability, biofilm formation and denitrification ability, which indicated its robust adaptability short colonization and nitrate removal efficiency. Continuous reactor studies with Thauera sp.V14 in 10 L dMBBR showed 91% of denitrification efficiency with an initial nitrate concentration of 620 mg L-1 within 3 h of HRT. Thus, it revealed that Thauera can be employed as an effective microorganism for nitrate removal from wastewater based on its performance in the present studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni J Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - Anuradha S Nerurkar
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India.
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Sabinaya S, Mahanty B, Rout PR, Raut S, Sahoo SK, Jha V, Sahoo NK. Multi-model exploration of groundwater quality and potential health risk assessment in Jajpur district, Eastern India. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:57. [PMID: 38273049 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01855-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The presence of fluoride and nitrate is a serious groundwater quality issue in India impacting human health. In the present study, 14 different hydrochemical parameters for 76 groundwater samples collected from the Jajpur district of Odisha, India, were evaluated. Entropy-weighted water quality index (EWQI), fixed-weight groundwater quality index (GWQI), principal component analysis (PCA), and rotated factor loading-based water quality index (PCWQI) were employed to assess groundwater quality. About 65.79 ± 4.68%, 33.55 ± 3.95%, and 0.66 ± 0.76% of the samples were rated as "excellent," "good," or "medium" quality, respectively, across the four different water quality indices, with a nominal rating discrepancy of 13.15%. Though 86% of samples consistently received excellent or good ratings across all WQI frameworks, concentrations of F- and NO3- in 36.8% and 11.84% of the samples exceeded the WHO permissible limit. In health risk assessment, about 38.15% of samples surpassed the F- hazard quotient (HQ > 1) posing non-carcinogenic health risks for children. The non-carcinogenic health risks due to NO3- were evident in 55.26% and 11.84% of samples for children and adults, respectively. The higher concentration of NO3- in some of the water samples, together with its positive correlation with HCO3-, may worsen groundwater pollution. The moderate correlation between Ca2+ and HCO3- (r = 0.410) and the insignificant correlation between Mg2+ and HCO3- (r = 0.234) suggests calcite dissolution is far more common than dolomite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushree Sabinaya
- Department of Chemistry, Environmental Science Program, Siksha 'O'Anusandhan (Deemed to University), Bhubaneswar, 751 030, India
| | - Biswanath Mahanty
- Division of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, 641114, India.
| | - Prangya Ranjan Rout
- Department of BioTechnology, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Jalandhar, India
| | - Sangeeta Raut
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha 'O'Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, 751 030, India
| | | | | | - Naresh Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Environmental Science Program, Siksha 'O'Anusandhan (Deemed to University), Bhubaneswar, 751 030, India.
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Chen J, Wang S, Zhang S, Bai Y, Zhang X, Chen D, Hu J. Identifying the hydrochemical features, driving factors, and associated human health risks of high-fluoride groundwater in a typical Yellow River floodplain, North China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:8709-8733. [PMID: 37707643 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01748-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride enrichment (> 1.5 mg/L) in groundwater has become a global threat, particularly given the hazards to human health. This study collected 58 unconfined groundwater samples from Fengpei Plain in June 2022 for hydrochemical and stable isotope analyses combined with multiple methods to explore sources, influencing factors, and potential health hazards of groundwater F-. The results showed that groundwater F- concentration ranged from 0.08 to 8.14 mg/L, with an average of 1.91 mg/L; over 41.4% of them exceeded the acceptable level of 1.5 mg/L prescribed by the World Health Organization (WHO). The dominant hydrochemical facies changed from Ca·Mg-HCO3 and Ca·Mg-SO4·Cl type in low-F- groundwater to Na-HCO3 and Na-SO4·Cl water types in high-F- groundwater. The Self-Organizing Map (SOM) and ionic correlation analysis indicated that F- is positively correlated to pH, EC, Na+, K+, SO42-, and TDS, but negatively to Ca2+ and δ18O. Groundwater F- accumulation was primarily driven by F--bearing minerals dissolution such as fluorite. Simultaneously, the carbonates precipitation, positive cation exchange processes, and salt effect were conducive to groundwater F- enrichment. However, competitive adsorption between OH-/HCO3- and F-, evaporation, and anthropogenic activities only had a weak effect on the F- enrichment in groundwater. The hazard quotient (HQ) assessment results show that 67.2% of groundwater samples pose a non-carcinogenic risk (HQ > 1) for infants, followed by 53.4% for children, 32.8% for females, and 25.9% for males. The Monte Carlo simulation results agreed with those of the deterministic model that minors are more susceptible than adults. These findings are vital to providing insights into the geochemical behavior, driving factors, and drinking water safety of high-F- groundwater worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shou Wang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shuxuan Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanjie Bai
- Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahong Hu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of CAS, Shijiazhuang, 050021, Hebei, China
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Shamsuddin AS, Syed Ismail SN, Othman NMI, Zakaria NH, Abd Manan TS, Ibrahim MA, Abdul Mutalib M. Human health risk assessment of nitrate in private well waters of shallow quaternary alluvial aquifer. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:7741-7757. [PMID: 37428425 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01671-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Excessive nitrate intake via ingestion pathway and dermal absorption exposures has adverse health impacts on human health. This study evaluated groundwater (GW) nitrate concentrations and health risks which focused on ingestion and dermal exposures to residents in Bachok District, Kelantan, Malaysia. Three hundred (300) samples of private wells were collected and it is found that the nitrate concentrations ranging between 0.11 and 64.01 mg/L NO3-N with a mean value of 10.45 ± 12.67 mg/L NO3-N. The possible health hazards of nitrate by ingestion and dermal contact were assessed using USEPA human health risk assessment model for adult males and females. It is observed that the mean Hazard Quotient (HQ) values of adult males and females were 0.305 ± 0.364 and 0.261 ± 0.330, respectively. About 7.3% (n = 10) and 4.9% (n = 8) of adult males and females had HQ values more than 1, respectively. It was also observed that the mean of HQderm was lesser than HQoral for males and females. The spatial distribution of HQ by interpolation method showed high nitrate concentrations (> 10 mg/L NO3-N) were distributed from the centre to the southern part of the study location, which identified as an agricultural area, indicating the used of nitrogenous fertilizers as the main source of GW nitrate contamination in this area. The findings of this study are valuable for establishing private well water protection measures to stop further deterioration of GW quality caused by nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Soraya Shamsuddin
- Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Sharifah Norkhadijah Syed Ismail
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Maizatul Idayu Othman
- Faculty of Plantation and Agriculture, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), 77300, Merlimau, Melaka, Malaysia
- Soil Conservation and Management Research Interest Group (RIG), Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hafizah Zakaria
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Teh Sabariah Abd Manan
- Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Ariff Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Maisarah Abdul Mutalib
- School of Graduate Studies, Management and Science University (MSU), Off Persiaran Olahraga, Section 13, 40100, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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8
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Zeng XC, Xu Y, Lu H, Xiong J, Xu H, Wu W. Contradictory Impacts of Nitrate on the Dissimilatory Arsenate-Respiring Prokaryotes-Induced Reductive Mobilization of Arsenic from Contaminated Sediments: Mechanism Insight from Metagenomic and Functional Analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:13473-13486. [PMID: 37639510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Dissimilatory arsenate-respiring prokaryotes (DARPs) are considered to be a key impetus of the reductive dissolution of solid-phase arsenic. However, little is known about the interaction between nitrate and DARPs so far. In this study, we showed that nitrate either inhibited or promoted the DARP population-catalyzed reductive mobilization of As in sediments. Metagenomic analysis of the microbial communities in the microcosms after seven days of As release assays suggested that microbes mainly consisted of: Type-I DARPs having potential to reduce NO3- into NO2- and Type-II DARPs having potential to reduce NO3- to NH4+. We further isolated two cultivable DARPs, Neobacillus sp. A01 and Paenibacillus sp. A02, which represent Type-I and -II DARPs, respectively. We observed that nitrate suppressed A01-mediated release of As(III) but promoted A02-mediated release of As(III). Furthermore, we demonstrated that this observation was due to the fact that nitrite, the end product of incomplete denitrification by Type-I DARPs, suppressed the arrA gene expression per cell and growth of all DARPs, whereas ammonium, the end product of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) by Type-II DARPs, enhanced the arrA gene expression per cell and significantly promoted the growth of all DARPs. These findings suggest that the actual effects of nitrate on DARP population-catalyzed reductive mobilization of arsenic, largely depend on the ratio of Type-I to Type-II DARPs in sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Chun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyu Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Xu
- Division of Endocrinology and Rheumatology, HuangPi People's Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan 430300, China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
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Yan J, Chen J, Zhang W. A new probabilistic assessment process for human health risk (HHR) in groundwater with extensive fluoride and nitrate optimized by non parametric estimation method. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 243:120379. [PMID: 37516079 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Excessive amounts of fluoride (F-) and nitrate (NO3-) in groundwater pose a significant threat to human health. However, a quantitative approach to assessing the human health risks caused by these harmful substances is lacking. To optimize the probabilistic assessment process for human health risk (HHR), this study introduced kernel density estimation (KDE) into the stochastic simulation of F- and NO3- content in groundwater samples. The potential HHRs caused by F- and NO3- in Songyuan City were summarized by combining the probabilistic and deterministic assessments. This study found that the concentrations of F- and NO3- did not follow common probability density functions (PDFs), but the KDE method passed the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test with the critical value of 0.067 and 0.062, showing high fitting accuracy. Monte Carlo simulation indicated that the probability of NO3- for children and adult exceeding the standard is 21.95% and 15.14%, respectively, which is comparable with the results of the deterministic assessment, but the probabilistic assessment emphasized lower probability of HHRs in children caused by excess F-(4.14%). Global sensitivity analysis revealed that excessive NO3- in groundwater has the highest sensitivity of the HHR (>0.1), followed by other factors representing water use habits (>0.01). This study presents a refined probabilistic assessment method for HHR and provides a scientific reference for understanding the state of groundwater environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaheng Yan
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, PR China
| | - Jiansheng Chen
- College of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
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Thabrez M, Parimalarenganayaki S, Brindha K, Elango L. Fuzzy logic-based health risk assessment of fluoride in groundwater used as drinking source in Sira region, Tumkur, India. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:3947-3969. [PMID: 36626074 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01474-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride contamination in drinking water is a serious public health concern across the world, and more than 90 million people in India are affected by health risks associated with fluoride. Though the fatality due to fluoride chronic toxicity is uncommon, the exposure to fluoride at different concentration levels shows various adverse health effects such as dental and skeletal fluorosis, multiorgan failure, cognitive and behavioural effects. Hence, the objectives of the present study are to understand the hydrogeochemistry and drinking water suitability of groundwater of the Sira region, Karnataka, India, and to understand the occurrence of fluoride and its health risks using the United State Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) method and fuzzy logic concepts. Forty-six samples were collected from each pre and post-monsoon season. The hydrogeochemistry studied through Chadha's diagram and Gibb's diagram indicated that the groundwater in this region is of Na-Cl type and the hydrogeochemistry is majorly controlled by rock-water interaction and followed by evaporative dominance. Water quality parameters were compared with drinking water standards guidelines, and the results showed that around 50% of the samples were contaminated with fluoride. The occurrence of high levels of fluoride in the study region is associated to the presence of granitic rocks and it is influenced by high pH and low calcium dissolution in the groundwater. Based on US EPA method, the order of population group under the risk of dental and skeletal fluorosis, is children > adolescents > adults. A fuzzy inference system model is developed to assess the health risk due to fluoride and its output gives severity levels of each type of health risk, i.e. dental caries, dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis. The results of the application of the fuzzy inference system model in the Sira region showed that the children (< 8 Yr.) are more susceptible to the moderate risk of dental caries, dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis. Whereas adolescents (8-18 Yr.) and adults (> 18 Yr.) are less susceptible to low-very low risk. Hence, health risks associated with fluoride can be better addressed with the help of a fuzzy inference system model which can be used for more reliable and grounded results to improve the quality of decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Thabrez
- School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Parimalarenganayaki
- School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - K Brindha
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Elango
- Department of Geology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
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Alharbi T, Abdelrahman K, El-Sorogy AS, Ibrahim E. Contamination and health risk assessment of groundwater along the Red Sea coast, Northwest Saudi Arabia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 192:115080. [PMID: 37263025 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Coastal groundwater is the major source of freshwater in coastal areas, due to shortage of the water resource in coastal zones. Groundwater samples were collected from 48 sites along the Saudi Red Sea coast between Rabigh and Yanbu to document the hydrogeochemical characteristics, water quality, and the health risks of nitrate, fluoride, nickel, copper, and zinc on adults and children. Groundwater chemistry indicated neutral to slightly alkaline nature, and the total dissolved salts (TDS) concentrations mainly increase towards the coastal plain. Major cations, major anions, and heavy metals (HMs) were in the order of Cl- > Na+ > SO42- > Ca2+ > HCO3- > NO3- > Mg2+ > K+, F- > Zn > Cu > Ni. Na-Cl, mixed Ca-Mg-Cl and Na-K-HCO3, CaCl, and Mg-HCO3 were the principal hydrochemical water types. Results of heavy metal pollution index (HPI), and water quality index (WQI) showed moderate to heavy pollution and unsuitable groundwater for human consumption mostly in the western side along the coastal plain, which might be influenced by the groundwater salinization. Principal component analysis (PCA) generated four components, which indicated the various sources of contamination. Hazard index (HI) of nitrate and fluoride were above the safety limit of 1, suggesting increase non-cancer health risk issues in both children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talal Alharbi
- Geology and Geophysics Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamal Abdelrahman
- Geology and Geophysics Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelbaset S El-Sorogy
- Geology and Geophysics Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Elkhedr Ibrahim
- Geology and Geophysics Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Liu J, Zheng H, Gao Z, Zhang Y, Wang M, Feng J. Evaluation of quality and risk to human health of groundwater in a coastal coal-bearing graben basin, North China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:66947-66960. [PMID: 37099109 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Water quality assessments are essential for ensuring human and ecosystem health. This study conducted a water quality assessment on a typical coastal coal-bearing graben basin. Suitability of groundwater quality of the basin for drinking and agricultural irrigation was assessed. Hazards posed to human health by groundwater nitrate were assessed using the objective combined weight water quality index, percent sodium, sodium adsorption ratio, and health risk assessment model. The results indicated groundwater of the basin to be weakly alkaline hard-fresh or hard-brackish, and mean values of pH, total dissolved solids, and total hardness of 7.6, 1464.5 mg/L, and 794.1 mg/L, respectively. The ranks of groundwater cations and anions by abundance were Ca2+>Na+>Mg2+>K+ and HCO3->NO3->Cl->SO42->F-, respectively. The main groundwater type was Cl-Ca, followed by HCO3-Ca. The results of the water quality evaluation indicated that most groundwater in the study area is of a medium quality (38%), followed by poor (33%), and extremely poor (26%). Groundwater quality gradually worsened from inland to the coast. Groundwater of the basin was generally suitable for agricultural irrigation. Groundwater nitrate posed a hazard to over 60% of the exposed population, with infants most at risk, followed by children, adult females, and adult males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiutan Liu
- College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, Shandong, China
| | - Huiming Zheng
- Shandong Provincial Lunan Geo-Engineering Exploration Institute (The Second Geological Brigade of Shandong Geological Exploration Bureau) Jining, Shandong, 272100, China
| | - Zongjun Gao
- College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, Shandong, China.
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, Shandong, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, Shandong, China
| | - Jianguo Feng
- College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, Shandong, China
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Sarma R, Singh SK. Assessment of groundwater quality and human health risks of nitrate and fluoride contamination in a rapidly urbanizing region of India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:55437-55454. [PMID: 36892698 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26204-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater contamination studies are important to understand the risks to public health. In this study, groundwater quality, major ion chemistry, sources of contaminants, and related health risks were evaluated for North-West Delhi, India, a region with a rapidly growing urban population. Groundwater samples collected from the study area were analysed for physicochemical parameters - pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, total alkalinity, carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, fluoride, phosphate, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium. Investigation of hydrochemical facies revealed that bicarbonate was the dominant anion while magnesium was the dominant cation. Multivariate analysis using principal component analysis and Pearson correlation matrix indicated that major ion chemistry in the aquifer under study is primarily due to mineral dissolution, rock-water interactions and anthropogenic factors. Water quality index values showed that only 20% of the samples were acceptable for drinking. Due to high salinity, 54% of the samples were unfit for irrigation purposes. Nitrate and fluoride concentrations ranged from 0.24 to 380.19 mg/l and 0.05 to 7.90 mg/l, respectively due to fertilizer use, wastewater infiltration and geogenic processes. The health risks from high levels of nitrate and fluoride were calculated for males, females, and children. It was found that health risk from nitrate is more than fluoride in the study region. However, the spatial extent of risk from fluoride is more indicating that more people suffer from fluoride pollution in the study area. The total hazard index for children was found to be more than adults. Continuous monitoring of groundwater and application of remedial measures are recommended to improve the water quality and public health in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riki Sarma
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India.
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Ncibi K, Hamed Y, Hadji R, Busico G, Benmarce K, Missaoui R, Wederni K. Hydrogeochemical characteristics and health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in groundwater and their relationship with the ecosystem: case study in Tunisia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:40031-40048. [PMID: 36602736 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-25016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sidi Bouzid basin knows for several decades a fast-growing anthropogenic activity and, consequently, an increase in groundwater pollution which attracted researcher attention. For this task, we performed an exhaustive study to evaluate groundwater geochemical evolution. Our research begins with analyzing the geochemical process, then determining the water quality indices and their impact on the ecosystem, and after that correlating between different compartments, and ends with the assessment of the human health risk toward NO3-, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, and Pb. The dominant facies of the groundwater in the study area are Ca-Mg-SO4 and Ca-Mg-HCO3 and are mainly influenced by evaporite deposits (CaSO4, CaSO4·2H2O, and NaCl). The pollution index of groundwater (PIG) displays values ranging between 0.5 and 4.5 indicating four classes of pollution (insignificant, low, moderate, and high). More than half of the samples (55%) belong to the low and moderate PIG classes. However, the results show elevated values of NO3- concentration; 76% of samples exceed 30 mg/L. Among the studied contaminants, the highest carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks in study areas were related to NO3-. For all water samples, the risk levels for children were greater than those for adults. Lastly, the partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) shows that the chemical elements do not have a short-term potential impact of pollutants on ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaouther Ncibi
- Department of Water Sciences, Higher Institute of the Sciences and Techniques of Waters of Gabes (ISSTEG), University of Gabes, 6072, Zrig, Gabes, Tunisia.
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Laboratory for the Application of Materials to the Environment, Water and Energy (LAM3E), University of Gafsa, 2112, Gafsa, Tunisia.
| | - Younes Hamed
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Laboratory for the Application of Materials to the Environment, Water and Energy (LAM3E), University of Gafsa, 2112, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Science and Research Building 1, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Riheb Hadji
- Department of Earth Sciences, Institute of Architecture and Earth Sciences (IAST), University of Setif 1, 19000, Setif, Algeria
| | - Gianluigi Busico
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Kaddour Benmarce
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Rim Missaoui
- Department of Water Sciences, Higher Institute of the Sciences and Techniques of Waters of Gabes (ISSTEG), University of Gabes, 6072, Zrig, Gabes, Tunisia
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Laboratory for the Application of Materials to the Environment, Water and Energy (LAM3E), University of Gafsa, 2112, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Kkyria Wederni
- Department of Water Sciences, Higher Institute of the Sciences and Techniques of Waters of Gabes (ISSTEG), University of Gabes, 6072, Zrig, Gabes, Tunisia
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Laboratory for the Application of Materials to the Environment, Water and Energy (LAM3E), University of Gafsa, 2112, Gafsa, Tunisia
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15
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Wang S, Chen J, Jiang W, Zhang S, Jing R, Yang S. Identifying the geochemical evolution and controlling factors of the shallow groundwater in a high fluoride area, Feng County, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:20277-20296. [PMID: 36251195 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23516-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how groundwater is formed and evolves is critical for water resource exploitation and utilization. In this study, hydrochemistry and stable isotope tracing techniques were adopted to determine the key factors influencing groundwater chemical evolution in Feng County. A total of fourteen wells and five surface water samples were investigated in November 2021. The δD and δ18O compositions show that both surface water and groundwater are recharged from atmospheric precipitation. The dominating order of cations and anions in groundwater appears to be Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+ and HCO3- > SO42- > Cl- > NO3- > F-, respectively. The groundwater hydrochemical facies are mainly characterized by HCO3-Ca-Mg and SO4-Cl-Na types. The chemical evolution of groundwater is dominated by water-rock interaction and cation exchange reactions. The major ions in groundwater are mainly controlled by various geogenic processes including halite, gypsum, calcite, dolomite, Glauber's salt, feldspar, and fluorite dissolution/precipitation. Furthermore, the abundant fluoride-bearing sediments, together with low Ca2+, promote the formation of high F- groundwater. Approximately 85.7% and 28.6% of groundwater samples exceeded the permissible limit for F- and NO3- respectively. Apart from geogenic F-, human interventions (i.e., industrial fluoride-containing wastewater discharge and agricultural phosphate fertilizer uses) also regulate the F- enrichment in the shallow groundwater. Nitrate pollution of the groundwater may be attributed to domestic waste and animal feces. Our findings could provide valuable information for the sustainable exploitation of groundwater in the study area and the development of effective management strategies by the authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou Wang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Rural Water Conservancy Science and Technology Development Center, Water Resources Department of Jiangsu Province, No.5 Shanghai Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuxuan Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ran Jing
- Water Resources Bureau of Feng County, No.68 Xiangyang Road, Xuzhou, 221799, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengyun Yang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
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Nath AV, Selvam S, Kumari J, Nithya Y, Pitchaimani S. Microbial contamination effects on the hydrochemical parameter in a Thettiyar watershed, Kerala, India, using GIS. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:316. [PMID: 36670262 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10864-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study has been carried out to assess the quality of groundwater and surface water resources of Thettiyar watershed, Kerala, India. Sixty-six water samples were collected during pre-monsoon (April, 2019) and monsoon (July, 2019) season, and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness and major cations and anions and microbiological parameters as well. According to the piper diagram's plot, Ca and Mg dominate over Na among the cations, and Cl is the most prevalent anion in groundwater throughout both the studied seasons. The hydrochemical analysis of water samples revealed that all the parameters are within the permissible limit except for pH. For microbiological analysis, the samples were tested for total coliform and fecal coliform. Most of the groundwater samples collected have higher total coliform and fecal coliform (E. coli) content than the recommended count by BIS (2012). The pre-monsoon surface water samples owned a maximum number of 3700 cfu/100 ml (TNTC-too numerous to count) of total coliform and 1400 cfu/100 ml (TNTC) of fecal coliform. In monsoon, the number of total coliform and fecal coliform has increased to 3800 cfu/100 ml and 1900 cfu/100 ml respectively. E. coli and total coliform are effectively correlated with each other in both seasons, in accordance with the statistical study. Domestic, sewage dump, and other household wastes are the main sources of bacterial contamination in the study area, which in turn nourishes contaminant organisms. According to the results, the government or municipality should implement an appropriate system for managing solid waste and should take all necessary measures to clean up the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhila V Nath
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India
- Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sekar Selvam
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jeyanthi Kumari
- Department of Zoology, A.P.C. Mahalaxmi College for Women, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yokeswari Nithya
- Department of Chemistry, A.P.C. Mahalaxmi College for Women, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Stephen Pitchaimani
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India
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17
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Li Z, Yang Q, Xie C, Lu X. Source identification and health risks of nitrate contamination in shallow groundwater: a case study in Subei Lake basin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:13660-13670. [PMID: 36136183 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23129-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate pollution of groundwater has become a global concern as it can affect drinking water quality and human health. In this paper, an extensive hydrochemical investigation was performed to assess the spatial distribution, source identification, and health risk of groundwater nitrate pollution in the Subei Lake basin. The prevalent pollutant, nitrate (NO3-), was identified based on descriptive statistical method and box plots, and most of the other parameters of groundwater samples met water standards and can be used for drinking purpose. The results showed that nearly 23.53% of groundwater samples displays the NO3- concentrations higher than the limit of 50 mg/L recommended by the World Health Organization, and the highest nitrate content (199 mg/L) is mainly distributed around the Mukai Lake. Piper triangle diagram demonstrated that the dominated anions of hydrochemical types exhibit a gradual evolving trend from HCO3- to SO42- and Cl- with increasing nitrate concentration. The correspondence analysis suggested that agricultural activities are identified as the most possible source of nitrate contamination, while the higher content of other parameters in individual groundwater samples may be controlled by natural factors. The impacts of pollutant NO3- on human health were quantified using human health risk assessment method, and results showed that the order of non-carcinogenic health risk values through drinking water intake is Infants>Children>Adult males>Adult females, and 65%, 53%, 41%, and 35% of samples exceed the acceptable risk level (hazard quotient=1), respectively. The main findings obtained from this study can provide valuable insight on drinking water safety and groundwater pollution prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Li
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Ecological Construction, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center for provided in the referenceRemote Sensing Identification of Environmental Change Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Qingchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuan Xie
- Geothermal Institute of Hydrological Engineering Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
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18
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Sobol sensitivity analysis for non-carcinogenic health risk assessment and water quality index for Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Western Iran. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
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19
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Sehlaoui H, Hassikou R, Dakak H, Zouahri A, El Hasini S, Iaaich H, Ghanimi A, Douaik A. Nitrate contamination and associated health risks of the Benslimane groundwater, Morocco. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:4343-4358. [PMID: 35032290 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of polluted water has harmful impacts on human health. This study examined the quality of groundwater in the Benslimane area for drinking purposes based on the Water quality index (WQI), Nitrate pollution index (NPI), and Total risk quotient (THQ) for different age groups. A total of 120 groundwater samples were collected for physicochemical analyses. The results showed WQI values ranging from 157.7 to 472.7 and an average of 279.4, with a total absence of water of excellent or good quality, and about 62.5% of the groundwater samples were of very poor quality for consumption. Nitrate concentrations ranged from 1 to 270 mg/L with an average of 64 mg/L, and 56.7% had values above the World Health Organization safety level of 50 mg/L. The NPI showed that 78.3% of the sampled sites showed very high pollution as a result of intense anthropogenic activities. High contamination is observed in the north and east of the region for arboriculture, grapes, maize, and vegetables as opposed to cereals. The health risk associated with nitrates, based on oral exposure, was much higher than dermal contact. The total risk quotient for both pathways was 0.02 to 6.58, 0.02 to 6.12, 0.06 to 17.06, and 0.05 to 13.35 for women, men, children, and infants, respectively. A total of 65, 63.3, 82.0, and 78.3% of groundwater samples presented a non-cancer health risk for women, men, children, and infants, respectively. Therefore, this study can help identify contaminated areas in order to track corrective safety measures to control groundwater quality in the region and improve sanitary conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habiba Sehlaoui
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, 4 Avenue Ibn Battouta, P. O. Box 1014, Rabat, Morocco.
- National Institute of Agricultural Research, Regional Center of Rabat, Research Unit On the Environment and Conservation of Natural Resources, P. O. Box 6356 - Institutes, 10101, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Rachida Hassikou
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, 4 Avenue Ibn Battouta, P. O. Box 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Houria Dakak
- National Institute of Agricultural Research, Regional Center of Rabat, Research Unit On the Environment and Conservation of Natural Resources, P. O. Box 6356 - Institutes, 10101, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelmjid Zouahri
- National Institute of Agricultural Research, Regional Center of Rabat, Research Unit On the Environment and Conservation of Natural Resources, P. O. Box 6356 - Institutes, 10101, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Soukaina El Hasini
- National Institute of Agricultural Research, Regional Center of Rabat, Research Unit On the Environment and Conservation of Natural Resources, P. O. Box 6356 - Institutes, 10101, Rabat, Morocco
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, 4 Avenue Ibn Battouta, P. O. Box 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hamza Iaaich
- National Institute of Agricultural Research, Regional Center of Rabat, Research Unit On the Environment and Conservation of Natural Resources, P. O. Box 6356 - Institutes, 10101, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Ghanimi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, 4 Avenue Ibn Battouta, P. O. Box 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Douaik
- National Institute of Agricultural Research, Regional Center of Rabat, Research Unit On the Environment and Conservation of Natural Resources, P. O. Box 6356 - Institutes, 10101, Rabat, Morocco
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Marghade D, Pethe RM, Patil PD, Tiwari MS. A unified multivariate statistical approach for the assessment of deep groundwater quality of rapidly growing city of Maharashtra Province, India, with potential health risk. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:891. [PMID: 36242649 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10572-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this research is to assess the consequences of natural and anthropogenic processes on the groundwater quality of 65 deep aquifers of Nagpur city, Maharashtra Province, India, using a unified multivariate statistical approach. The dominant groundwater type recognized is Ca-HCO3 (recharge waters) in 43.1 and 38.5% of groundwater samples of pre- and post-monsoon seasons, followed by mixed water types. The seasonal distribution of physicochemical parameters shows increase in the concentration of EC, TDS, TH, Mg2+, SO42-, and NO3- signifying the high mineralization and anthropogenic loading from pre- and post-monsoon season respectively. The entropy-weight water quality index categorizes the 84.6% and 75.4% of total samples from pre- and post-monsoon seasons into moderate quality. The multiple linear regression and PCA analysis reveal the masking of rock weathering mechanism by anthropogenic activities. The % of PCA Variance varies from 79 to 83.7% from pre- to post-monsoon season. The high contributions of EC (0.76, 0.72), TDS (0.79, 0.73), TH (0.97, 0.962), Ca2+ (0.84, 0.78), Mg2+ (0.79, 0.83), Cl- (0.73, 0.75), and NO3- (0.78, 0.68) in PC1 components expose high salinity and hardness in urban groundwater that signifies the consequences of urbanization on the groundwater regime. About 55.4 and 70.8% of children population as compared to the adult female (53.8%, 69.2%) and male (32.3%, 46.1%) population in PRM and POM respectively were at high non-carcinogenic health threat of NO3--enriched groundwater. The study is beneficial for understanding the variation in groundwater composition due to unplanned urbanization and is very useful for protecting groundwater resources in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Marghade
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Priyadarshini College of Engineering, Digdoh, Near CRPF, Higana, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440019, India.
| | - Rahul M Pethe
- G. H. Raisoni Institute of Engineering & Technology, Nagpur, India
| | - Pravin D Patil
- Department of Basic Science and Humanities, Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management and Engineering, SVKM's NMIMS University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400056, India
| | - Manishkumar S Tiwari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management and Engineering, SVKM's NMIMS University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400056, India
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21
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Hu B, Song X, Lu Y, Liang S, Liu G. Fluoride enrichment mechanisms and related health risks of groundwater in the transition zone of geomorphic units, northern China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113588. [PMID: 35654157 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although groundwater is the primary drinking water source in northern of China, little is known about generation mechanisms and related health risks of high fluoride groundwater at the geomorphic transition zones. Thus, 419 groundwater samples were collected from Zhangjiakou region, where is a typically geomorphic transition zone of the North China Plain and the Inner Mongolia Plateau, to conduct the hydrochemical analysis, geochemical modeling, multivariate statistical analysis, and health risks assessment. From the results, F- concentration in groundwater had a range of 0.05-9.71 mg L-1. About 37.1% and 26.2% of groundwater samples from Bashang region (BSR) and Baxia region (BXR), respectively, were over the 1.50 mg L-1, which were mainly distributed in the groundwater flow retardation area and/or evaporation discharge area. Thermodynamic simulations demonstrated that F-bearing minerals dissolution and Ca2+/Mg2+ removal via calcite/dolomite precipitation primarily governed high-F- groundwater formation in the whole study area. Competitive adsorption, evaporation, evaporites dissolution and salt-effect also affected F- enrichment in BSR. Desorption in alkaline environment, ion exchange and human activities played a vital role in F- enrichment at BXR. The multivariate statistical analysis revealed that the origin of F- contamination was geogenic in BSR; whereas, it was geogenic and anthropogenic in BXR. Besides, more than 71.8%, 51.0%, 36.1% and 25.5% of the study area exceeded the acceptable level (health index>1) for infants, children, adult males, and females, respectively. The health risks for different groups of people varied significantly and ranked: infants > children > males > females, suggesting that younger people were more susceptible to fluoride contamination. Meanwhile, females were more resistant to fluoride contamination than males. These findings are vital to providing insights on high-F- groundwater formation, investigate the situation of health risks, and conduct the integrated management for high fluoride groundwater in geomorphic transition zones at northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiaoguang Song
- Land and Resources Exploration Center of Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration, Shijiazhuang, 050081, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Land and Resources Exploration Center of Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration, Shijiazhuang, 050081, China
| | - Shikai Liang
- Land and Resources Exploration Center of Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration, Shijiazhuang, 050081, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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22
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Gugulothu S, Subba Rao N, Das R, Duvva LK, Dhakate R. Judging the sources of inferior groundwater quality and health risk problems through intake of groundwater nitrate and fluoride from a rural part of Telangana, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:49070-49091. [PMID: 35212895 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18967-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of groundwater quality and related health hazards is a prerequisite for taking preventive measures. The rural region of Telangana, India, has been selected for the present study to assess the sources and origins of inferior groundwater quality and to understand the human health risk zones for adults and children due to the consumption of nitrate ([Formula: see text])- and fluoride (F-)-contaminated groundwater for drinking purposes. Groundwater samples collected from the study region were determined for various chemical parameters. Groundwater quality was dominated by Na+ and [Formula: see text] ions. Piper's diagram and bivariate plots indicated the carbonate water type and silicate weathering as a main factor and man-made contamination as a secondary factor controlling groundwater chemistry; hence, the groundwater quality in the study region is low. According to the Groundwater Quality Index (GQI) classification, 48.3% and 51.7% of the total study region are excellent (GQI: < 50) and good (GQI: 50 to 100) water quality types, respectively, for drinking purposes. However, [Formula: see text] ranged from 0.04 to 585 mg/L, exceeding the drinking water quality limit of 45 mg/L in 34% of the groundwater samples due to the effects of nitrogen fertilizers. This was supported by the relationship of [Formula: see text] with TDS, Na+, and Cl-. The F- content was from 0.22 to 5.41 mg/L, which exceeds the standard drinking water quality limit of 1.5 mg/L in 25% of the groundwater samples. The relationship of F- with pH, Ca2+, Na+, and [Formula: see text] supports the weathering and dissolution of fluoride-rich minerals for high F- content in groundwater. They were further supported by a principal component analysis. The Health Risk Index (HRI) values ranged from 0.20 to 20.10 and 0.36 to 30.90 with a mean of 2.82 and 4.34 for adults and children, respectively. The mean intensity of HRI (> 1.0) was 1.37 times higher in children (5.70) than in adults (4.16) due to the differences in weight size and exposure time. With an acceptable limit of more than 1.0, the study divided the region into Northern Safe Health Zone (33.3% for adults and 28.1% for children) and Southern Unsafe Health Zone (66.7% for adults and 71.9% for children) based on the intensity of agricultural activity. Therefore, effective strategic measures such as safe drinking water, denitrification, defluoridation, rainwater harvesting techniques, sanitary facilities, and chemical fertilizer restrictions are recommended to improve human health and protect groundwater resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakram Gugulothu
- Geology, Remote Sensing, and GIS, CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India.
| | - N Subba Rao
- Department of Geology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, 530 003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rashmirekha Das
- Department of Geology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, 751 004, Odisha, India
| | - Laxman Kumar Duvva
- Centre for Environment, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, 500 085, Telangana, India
| | - Ratnakar Dhakate
- Geology, Remote Sensing, and GIS, CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
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23
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Liu J, Ma Y, Gao Z, Zhang Y, Sun Z, Sun T, Fan H, Wu B, Li M, Qian L. Fluoride contamination, spatial variation, and health risk assessment of groundwater using GIS: a high-density survey sampling in Weifang City, North China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:34302-34313. [PMID: 35038091 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18443-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study, with the aid of GIS, utilizes high-density groundwater (GW) sampling data (1398 samples) to analyze the spatial variation characteristics of GW fluoride in Weifang City (WFC), and evaluate the health risks associated with drinking water routes. The concentration of fluoride in the GW of WFC is observed to be between 0.08 and 9.16 mg/L, with a mean value of 0.62 mg/L. The fluoride concentration of a total of 192 GW samples exceeded the limit of China's GW quality standards (1 mg/L), accounting for 14.74%. The GW fluoride concentration in most areas of WFC is less than 1 mg/L. However, the relatively high-value zones are mostly concentrated in the upper reaches of Wen River, the east of Shouguang, the southeast of Anqiu, the east of Qingzhou, the east of Fangzi, and the southeast and northwest of Gaomi. The hydrochemical types of GW in WFC are mostly HCO3-Ca·Mg and SO4·Cl-Ca·Mg, while GW samples with hydrochemical types HCO3-Na and SO4·Cl-Na are characterized by high fluoride content. The hydrochemical characteristics of GW in WFC are mostly dominated by rock weathering. In addition, the northern coastal plain is evidently influenced by seawater intrusion. The concentration of fluoride in GW is affected by the dissolution of fluorine-containing minerals, cation exchange, and alkaline environmental factors. The effect of GW by seawater intrusion and very high content of Na+ will decrease the fluoride content of the GW through cation exchange. Health risk assessment demonstrated that the mean values of non-carcinogenic hazard quotient (HQ) for infants, children, teenagers, and adults were 0.52, 0.35, 0.31, and 0.30, respectively. In addition, the distribution characteristics of GW fluoride in high health risk areas (HQ > 1) in WFC are further consistent with the spatial variation of GW fluoride content. Overall, the health risk distribution area of GW fluoride in WFC is decreasing in the following order: infants > children > teenagers > adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiutan Liu
- College of Energy and Mining Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Qingdao Geological and Mineral Geotechnical Engineering Co. Ltd, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Zongjun Gao
- College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China.
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Zengbing Sun
- No 4 Exploration Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Weifang, 261021, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Geological Environment Protection, Shandong Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau, Weifang, 261021, China
| | - Tianzhu Sun
- No 4 Exploration Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Weifang, 261021, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Geological Environment Protection, Shandong Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau, Weifang, 261021, China
| | - Haibin Fan
- No 4 Exploration Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Weifang, 261021, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Geological Environment Protection, Shandong Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau, Weifang, 261021, China
| | - Bin Wu
- No 4 Exploration Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Weifang, 261021, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Geological Environment Protection, Shandong Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau, Weifang, 261021, China
| | - Mingbo Li
- No 4 Exploration Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Weifang, 261021, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Geological Environment Protection, Shandong Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau, Weifang, 261021, China
| | - Lili Qian
- Tai'an Hydrological Center, Tai'an, 271000, China
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24
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Zhang R, Ali A, Su J, Liu J, Wang Z, Li J, Liu Y. Synergistic removal of fluoride, calcium, and nitrate in a biofilm reactor based on anaerobic microbially induced calcium precipitation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 428:128102. [PMID: 35030488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride (F-) and calcium (Ca2+) are primary causes of skeleton fluorosis and scaling, posing a grievous threat to aquatic lives and public health. Therefore, a novel strategy for polluted groundwater in immobilized biofilm reactor based on the anaerobic microbial induced calcium precipitation (MICP) was proposed, in which loofah was used as a multifunctional strain Cupriavidus sp. W12 growth carrier. Effects of different hydraulic retention time (HRT), initial F-concentration, and pH on the synchronous removal of pollutants were examined. Under stable operation conditions, the highest efficiencies for Ca2+, F-, and nitrate (NO3--N) reached 76.73%, 94.92%, and 100%, respectively. Furthermore, gas chromatography (GC), Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscope (SEM-EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) comprehensively clarified the mechanism of pollutants removal. The results elucidated that the removal of various pollutants was achieved through a combination of anaerobic MICP, adsorption, and co-precipitation. Besides, high-throughput sequencing analysis showed that Cupriavidus had a predominant proportion of 42.36% in the reactor and had stability against pH impact. As the first application of a biofilm reactor based on anaerobic MICP, it put forward a new insight for efficient defluorination and decalcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Amjad Ali
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Junfeng Su
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Jiaran Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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25
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Health Risk Assessment in Southern Carpathians Small Rural Communities Using Karst Springs as a Drinking Water Source. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010234. [PMID: 35010494 PMCID: PMC8744857 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The chemical quality of waters from eight karst springs from the Southern Carpathians and the health risk of small rural communities using these springs as a drinking water source were assessed. The results indicated that the spring waters in the studied area are chemically suitable to be used as drinking water and pose no health risks for adults and children. The spring water can be generally described as having circumneutral pH, Ca-Mg-HCO3− facies, excellent to good palatability, and low trace metal and nitrate content. The variation of chemical parameters between spring and autumn was low. These springs could become appropriate drinking water sources for the neighboring rural communities after the assessment of their microbiological status and, if it is the case, proper water treatment. Moreover, periodic monitoring of the water’s chemical parameters, mostly nitrates, as well as the establishment of a protected area near the springs to prevent the negative impact of anthropogenic sources on water quality is recommended.
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26
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Panneerselvam B, Muniraj K, Thomas M, Ravichandran N, Bidorn B. Identifying influencing groundwater parameter on human health associate with irrigation indices using the Automatic Linear Model (ALM) in a semi-arid region in India. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 202:111778. [PMID: 34331918 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Quality of water for the purposes of irrigation is a serious threat to the sustainable development of the agriculture sector. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the suitability of groundwater for irrigation purposes using various irrigation indices such as: Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Percentage Sodium (%Na), Magnesium Hazards (MH), Permeability Index (PI), Potential Salinity (PS), Residual Sodium Bicarbonate (RBSC), Kelly's Ratio (KR), Synthetic Harmful Coefficient (K), and Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP). A total of 30 samples were collected from the bore well of agricultural farmland and analysed for cations and anions. MH reveal that 53.33 % of samples exceed the permissible level. PS shows that 43.33 % of samples are marginally affected and 33.33 % of samples are unsuitable for use in irrigation. About 76 % of the groundwater samples were suitable for irrigation and the remainder require treatment before use. Automatic Linear Modelling (ALM) is used to predict the major influence parameter for MH and PS are RBSC, RSC and K value of groundwater. ALM shows that excess magnesium concentration and salinity are the primary factors that affect the suitability of groundwater for irrigation use. This integrated technique showed that water from approximately 25 % of the sample locations would require treatment before use. This study will improve the pattern of irrigation, identify sources of contamination and highlight the importance of organic fertilizers to develop and enhance the sustainable practices in the study region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nagavinothini Ravichandran
- Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Butsawan Bidorn
- Department of Water Resources Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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