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Yang J, Zhang Z, Du X, Wang Y, Meng R, Ge K, Wu C, Liang X, Zhang H, Guo H. The effect and mechanism of combined exposure of MC-LR and NaNO 2 on liver lipid metabolism. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:119113. [PMID: 38729410 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2) co-exist in the environment and are hepatotoxic. The liver has the function of lipid metabolism, but the impacts and mechanisms of MC-LR and NaNO2 on liver lipid metabolism are unclear. Therefore, we established a chronic exposure model of Balb/c mice and used LO2 cells for in vitro verification to investigate the effects and mechanisms of liver lipid metabolism caused by MC-LR and NaNO2. The results showed that after 6 months of exposure to MC-LR and NaNO2, the lipid droplets content was increased, and the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were raised in the liver (P < 0.05). Moreover, MC-LR and NaNO2 synergistically induced hepatic oxidative stress by decreasing total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) levels and increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) content levels. In addition, the levels of Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1 and P-AMPK was decreased and Keap1 was increased in the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. The key factors of lipid metabolism, SREBP-1c, FASN and ACC, were up-regulated in the liver. More importantly, there was a combined effect on lipid deposition of MC-LR and NaNO2 co-exposure. In vitro experiments, MC-LR and NaNO2-induced lipid deposition and changes in lipid metabolism-related changes were mitigated after activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway by the Nrf2 activator tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ). Additionally, TBHQ alleviated the rise of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LO2 cells induced by MC-LR and NaNO2. Overall, our findings indicated that MC-LR and NaNO2 can cause abnormal liver lipid metabolism, and the combined effects were observed after MC-LR and NaNO2 co-exposure. The Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway may be a potential target for prevention and control of liver toxicity caused by MC-LR and NaNO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zongxin Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xingde Du
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yongshui Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ruiyang Meng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Kangfeng Ge
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chunrui Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Hongxiang Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China.
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Zhang C, Bao F, Wang F, Xue Z, Lin D. Toxic effects of nanoplastics and microcystin-LR coexposure on the liver-gut axis of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170011. [PMID: 38220005 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Plastic products and nutrients are widely used in aquaculture facilities, resulting in copresence of nanoplastics (NPs) released from plastics and microcystins (MCs) from toxic cyanobacteria. The potential effects of NPs-MCs coexposure on aquatic products require investigation. This study investigated the toxic effects of polystyrene (PS) NPs and MC-LR on the gut-liver axis of silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, a representative commercial fish, and explored the effects of the coexposure on intestinal microorganism structure and liver metabolic function using traditional toxicology and multi-omics association analysis. The results showed that the PS-NPs and MC-LR coexposure significantly shortened villi length, and the higher the concentration of PS-NPs, the more obvious the villi shortening. The coexposure of high concentrations of PS-NPs and MC-LR increased the hepatocyte space in fish, and caused obvious loss of gill filaments. The diversity and richness of the fish gut microbes significantly increased after the PS-NPs exposure, and this trend was amplified in the copresence of MC-LR. In the coexposure, MC-LR contributed more to the alteration of fish liver metabolism, which affected the enrichment pathway in glycerophospholipid metabolism and folic acid biosynthesis, and there was a correlation between the differential glycerophospholipid metabolites and affected bacteria. These results suggested that the toxic mechanism of PS-NPs and MC-LR coexposure may be pathological changes of the liver, gut, and gill tissues, intestinal microbiota disturbance, and glycerophospholipid metabolism imbalance. The findings not only improve the understanding of environmental risks of NPs combined with other pollutants, but also provide potential microbiota and glycerophospholipid biomarkers in silver carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Ecological Civilization Academy, Huzhou 313300, China
| | - Feifan Bao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fei Wang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Zhihao Xue
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Ecological Civilization Academy, Huzhou 313300, China.
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3
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Zhang Y, Gao J, Cao L, Du J, Xu G, Xu P. Microcystin-LR-induced autophagy via miR-282-5p/PIK3R1 pathway in Eriocheir sinensis hepatopancreas. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115661. [PMID: 37948941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
With the intensifying climate warming, blue-green algae blooms have become more frequent and severe, releasing environmental hazards such as microcystin that pose potential threats to human and animal health. Autophagy has been shown to play a crucial role in regulating immune responses induced by environmental hazards, enabling cells to adapt to stress and protect against damage. Although microcystin-LR (MC-LR) has been identified to affect autophagy in mammalian, its impact on aquatic animals has been poorly studied. To investigate the toxicological effects of MC-LR in aquatic ecosystems, we constructed a microRNA profile of acute MC-LR stress in the hepatopancreas of the Chinese mitten crab. Interestingly, we found the MC-LR exposure activated autophagy in the hepatopancreas based on the following evidence. Specifically, mRNA expression level of ATG7, Beclin1 and Gabarap was significantly up-regulated, autophagy regulatory pathways were significantly enriched, and numerous autolysosomes and autophagosomes were observed. Additionally, we found that miR-282-5p and its target gene PIK3R1 played important regulatory roles in autophagy by in vivo and in vitro experiments. Overexpression of miR-282-5p mimicked MC-LR-induced autophagy by inhibiting PIK3R1 expression, while miR-282-5p silencing inhibited autophagy by promoting PIK3R1 expression. Altogether, our findings suggest that MC-LR increases miR-282-5p, which then targets inhibition of PIK3R1 to stimulate autophagy. This study focused on the stress response regulatory mechanisms of juvenile crabs to toxic pollutants in water, offering a potential target for alleviating the toxicity of MC-LR. These findings lay a foundation for reducing the toxicity of MC-LR and environmental hazards in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Zhang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jiancao Gao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Liping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Jinliang Du
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Gangchun Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China.
| | - Pao Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China.
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4
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Yang Y, Wen C, Zheng S, Song F, Liu Y, Yao X, Tang Y, Feng X, Chen J, Yang F. Lactobacillus fermentum Alleviates the Colorectal Inflammation Induced by Low-Dose Sub-Chronic Microcystin-LR Exposure. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:579. [PMID: 37756005 PMCID: PMC10536654 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15090579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) contamination is a worldwide environmental problem that poses a grave threat to the water ecosystem and public health. Exposure to MC-LR has been associated with the development of intestinal injury, but there are no effective treatments for MC-LR-induced intestinal disease. Probiotics are "live microorganisms that are beneficial to the health of the host when administered in sufficient quantities". It has been demonstrated that probiotics can prevent or treat a variety of human diseases; however, their ability to mitigate MC-LR-induced intestinal harm has not yet been investigated. The objective of this study was to determine whether probiotics can mitigate MC-LR-induced intestinal toxicity and its underlying mechanisms. We first evaluated the pathological changes in colorectal tissues using an animal model with sub-chronic exposure to low-dose MC-LR, HE staining to assess colorectal histopathologic changes, qPCR to detect the expression levels of inflammatory factors in colorectal tissues, and WB to detect the alterations on CSF1R signaling pathway proteins in colorectal tissues. Microbial sequencing analysis and screening of fecal microorganisms differential to MC-LR treatment in mice. To investigate the role of microorganisms in MC-LR-induced colorectal injury, an in vitro model of MC-LR co-treatment with microorganisms was developed. Our findings demonstrated that MC-LR treatment induced an inflammatory response in mouse colorectal tissues, promoted the expression of inflammatory factors, activated the CSF1R signaling pathway, and significantly decreased the abundance of Lactobacillus. In a model of co-treatment with MC-LR and Lactobacillus fermentum (L. fermentum), it was discovered that L. fermentum substantially reduced the incidence of the colorectal inflammatory response induced by MC-LR and inhibited the protein expression of the CSF1R signaling pathway. This is the first study to suggest that L. fermentum inhibits the CSF1R signaling pathway to reduce the incidence of MC-LR-induced colorectal inflammation. This research may provide an excellent experimental foundation for the development of strategies for the prevention and treatment of intestinal diseases in MC-LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (Y.Y.); (F.S.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (Y.T.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China; (X.F.); (J.C.)
| | - Cong Wen
- Changsha Yuhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410014, China;
| | - Shuilin Zheng
- Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410004, China;
| | - Fengmei Song
- The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (Y.Y.); (F.S.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (Y.T.)
| | - Ying Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (Y.Y.); (F.S.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (Y.T.)
| | - Xueqiong Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (Y.Y.); (F.S.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yan Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (Y.Y.); (F.S.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (Y.T.)
| | - Xiangling Feng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China; (X.F.); (J.C.)
| | - Jihua Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China; (X.F.); (J.C.)
| | - Fei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (Y.Y.); (F.S.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (Y.T.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China; (X.F.); (J.C.)
- Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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Liu Y, Li Y, Tan Q, Lv Y, Tang Y, Yang Y, Yao X, Yang F. Long-Term Exposure to Microcystin-LR Induces Gastric Toxicity by Activating the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:574. [PMID: 37756000 PMCID: PMC10535883 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15090574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have primarily concentrated on the hepatotoxicity of MC-LR, whereas its gastric toxicity effects and mechanisms of long-term exposure under low dosage remain unknown. Herein, the gastric tissue from C57BL/6 mice fed with drinking water contaminated by low-dose MC-LR (including 1, 60, and 120 μg/L) was investigated. The results obtained showed that exposure to different concentrations of MC-LR resulted in significant shedding and necrosis of gastric epithelial cells in mice, and a down-regulation of tight junction markers, including ZO-1, Claudin1, and Occludin in the stomach, which might lead to increased permeability of the gastric mucosa. Moreover, the protein expression levels of p-RAF/RAF, p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2, Pink1, Parkin, and LC3-II/LC-3-I were increased in the gastric tissue of mice exposed to 120 μg/L of MC-LR, while the protein expression level of P62 was significantly decreased. Furthermore, we found that pro-inflammatory factors, including IL-6 and TNF-ɑ, were dramatically increased, while the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 was significantly decreased in the gastric tissue of MC-LR-exposed mice. The activation of the MAPK signaling pathway and mitophagy might contribute to the development of gastric damage by promoting inflammation. We first reported that long-term exposure to MC-LR induced gastric toxicity by activating the MAPK signaling pathway, providing a new insight into the gastric toxic mechanisms caused by MC-LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421009, China
| | - Yafang Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421009, China
| | - Qinmei Tan
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421009, China
| | - Yilin Lv
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421009, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421009, China
| | - Yue Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421009, China
| | - Xueqiong Yao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421009, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421009, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421009, China
- Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421009, China
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Yan C, Liu Y, Yang Y, Massey IY, Cao L, Osman MA, Yang F. Cardiac Toxicity Induced by Long-Term Environmental Levels of MC-LR Exposure in Mice. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:427. [PMID: 37505696 PMCID: PMC10467107 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms are considered a serious global environmental problem. Recent studies provided evidence for a positive association between exposure to microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and cardiotoxicity, posing a threat to human cardiovascular health. However, there are few studies on the cardiotoxic effects and mechanisms of long-term low-dose MC-LR exposure. Therefore, this study explored the long-term toxic effects and toxic mechanisms of MC-LR on the heart and provided evidence for the induction of cardiovascular disease by MC-LR. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 0, 1, 30, 60, 90, and 120 μg/L MC-LR via drinking water for 9 months and subsequently necropsied to examine the hearts for microstructural changes using H&E and Masson staining. The results demonstrated fibrotic changes, and qPCR and Western blots showed a significant up-regulation of the markers of myocardial fibrosis, including TGF-β1, α-SMA, COL1, and MMP9. Through the screening of signaling pathways, it was found the expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway proteins was up-regulated. These data first suggested MC-LR may induce myocardial fibrosis by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. This study explored the toxicity of microcystins to the heart and preliminarily explored the toxic mechanisms of long-term toxicity for the first time, providing a theoretical reference for preventing cardiovascular diseases caused by MC-LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canqun Yan
- Department of Health Management Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421009, China;
| | - Ying Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421009, China; (Y.L.); (I.Y.M.)
| | - Yue Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China; (Y.Y.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Isaac Yaw Massey
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421009, China; (Y.L.); (I.Y.M.)
| | - Linghui Cao
- Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha 410004, China;
| | - Muwaffak Al Osman
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China; (Y.Y.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Fei Yang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421009, China; (Y.L.); (I.Y.M.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China; (Y.Y.); (M.A.O.)
- Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421009, China
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Gong G, Kam H, Bai Y, Zhao H, Giesy JP, Lee SMY. 6-Benzylaminopurine causes lipid dyshomeostasis via disruption of glycerophospholipid metabolism in zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:163194. [PMID: 37001669 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA) is ubiquitous in agricultural production and is accessible to humans through diets. The modulation of lipid metabolism by 6-BA has been previously demonstrated in plants and oleaginous microorganisms. Therefore, whether it alters lipid homeostasis in other living organisms requires further investigation. In this study, doses ≥10 mg 6-BA/L caused malformation of the yolk sac, steatosis, and other hepatopathies in zebrafish larvae. Exposure to 25 mg 6-BA/L resulted in increased levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol. Results of transcriptomic analysis indicated that 6-BA alters genes associated with fatty acid and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Among them, the expression levels of hmgcra, elovl7b, and apobb.2 were downregulated, whereas those of lpcat3, bco1l, cyp7al, fabp1b.1, elp6, pde6ha, apoa4b.2_2, sgk1, dgkaa, and mogat2 were upregulated. Correspondingly, a study of the metabolome identified lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) as the major differentially expressed metabolite in response to 6-BA treatment. Therefore, abnormal accumulation of LPCs and dyshomeostasis of glycerophospholipid metabolism were identified as potential mechanisms causing the toxicity of 6-BA, which should be assessed to understand the risks of 6-BA and the products contaminated by it. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA), an important residue in "toxic bean sprouts," is ubiquitous in agricultural production and is common in typical diets. Its regulation of lipid metabolism has been demonstrated in plants and oleaginous microorganisms. Whether it alters lipid homeostasis in other organisms and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. The worldwide use of 6-BA and the potential exposure of humans have aroused public attention owing to its hazardous effects; thus, its hazardous effects, particularly those on lipid homeostasis, deserve careful clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyi Gong
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524045, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macao.
| | - Hiotong Kam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macao
| | - Yubin Bai
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524045, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524045, China
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada; Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, United States
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macao; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macao
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8
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Yao X, Liu Y, Yang Y, Li Y, Hu N, Song F, Yang F. Microcystin-LR-Exposure-Induced Kidney Damage by Inhibiting MKK6-Mediated Mitophagy in Mice. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:404. [PMID: 37368704 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15060404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that microcystin-LR (MC-LR) levels are highly correlated with abnormal renal function indicators, suggesting that MC-LR is an independent risk factor for kidney damage. However, the evidence for the exact regulation mechanism of MC-LR on kidney damage is still limited, and further in-depth exploration is needed. In addition, the mitochondria-related mechanism of MC-LR leading to kidney damage has not been elucidated. To this end, the present study aimed to further explore the mechanism of mitophagy related to kidney damage induced by MC-LR through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed with a standard rodent pellet and exposed daily to MC-LR (20 μg/kg·bw) via intraperitoneal injections for 7 days. Moreover, HEK 293 cells were treated with MC-LR (20 μM) for 24 h. The histopathological results exhibited kidney damage after MC-LR exposure, characterized by structurally damaged nephrotomies, with inflammatory cell infiltration. Similarly, a significant increase in renal interstitial fibrosis was observed in the kidneys of MC-LR-treated mice compared with those of the control group (CT) mice. MC-LR exposure caused impaired kidney function, with markedly increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), and uric acid (UA) levels in mice. Ultrastructural analysis exhibited obviously swollen, broken, and disappearing mitochondrial crests, and partial mitochondrial vacuoles in the MC-LR-treated HEK 293 cells. The Western blotting results demonstrated that exposure to MC-LR significantly increased the protein expressions of MKK6, p-p38, and p62, while the expression of mitophagy-related proteins was significantly inhibited in the kidneys of mice and HEK293 cells, including parkin, TOM20, and LC3-II, indicating the inhibition of mitophagy. Therefore, our data suggest that the inhibition of MKK6-mediated mitophagy might be the toxicological mechanism of kidney toxicity in mice with acute exposure to MC-LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiong Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China
| | - Yafang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Na Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Fengmei Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, China
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9
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Feng S, Cao M, Tang P, Deng S, Chen L, Tang Y, Zhu L, Chen X, Huang Z, Shen M, Yang F. Microcystins Exposure Associated with Blood Lipid Profiles and Dyslipidemia: A Cross-Sectional Study in Hunan Province, China. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15040293. [PMID: 37104231 PMCID: PMC10143012 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15040293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence from experimental research suggests that exposure to microcystins (MCs) may induce lipid metabolism disorder. However, population-based epidemiological studies of the association between MCs exposure and the risk of dyslipidemia are lacking. Therefore, we conducted a population-based cross-sectional study involving 720 participants in Hunan Province, China, and evaluated the effects of MCs on blood lipids. After adjusting the lipid related metals, we used binary logistic regression and multiple linear regression models to examine the associations among serum MCs concentration, the risk of dyslipidemia and blood lipids (triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)). Moreover, the additive model was used to explore the interaction effects on dyslipidemia between MCs and metals. Compared to the lowest quartile of MCs exposure, the risk of dyslipidemia [odds ratios (OR) = 2.27, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.46, 3.53] and hyperTG (OR = 3.01, 95% CI: 1.79, 5.05) in the highest quartile was significantly increased, and showed dose-response relationships. MCs were positively associated with TG level (percent change, 9.43%; 95% CI: 3.53%, 15.67%) and negatively associated with HDL-C level (percent change, -3.53%; 95% CI: -5.70%, -2.10%). In addition, an additive antagonistic effect of MCs and Zn on dyslipidemia was also reported [relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) = -1.81 (95% CI: -3.56, -0.05)], and the attributable proportion of the reduced risk of dyslipidemia due to the antagonism of these two exposures was 83% (95% CI: -1.66, -0.005). Our study first indicated that MCs exposure is an independent risk factor for dyslipidemia in a dose-response manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuidong Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Mengyue Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Peng Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Shuxiang Deng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Limou Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Lemei Zhu
- School of Public Health, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhijun Huang
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha 410008, China
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Minxue Shen
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
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10
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Yang Y, Zheng S, Chu H, Du C, Chen M, Emran MY, Chen J, Yang F, Tian L. Subchronic Microcystin-LR Aggravates Colorectal Inflammatory Response and Barrier Disruption via Raf/ERK Signaling Pathway in Obese Mice. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15040262. [PMID: 37104200 PMCID: PMC10145857 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15040262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is an extremely poisonous cyanotoxin that poses a threat to ecosystems and human health. MC-LR has been reported as an enterotoxin. The objective of this study was to determine the effect and the mechanism of subchronic MC-LR toxicity on preexisting diet-induced colorectal damage. C57BL/6J mice were given either a regular diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks of feeding, animals were supplied with vehicle or 120 μg/L MC-LR via drinking water for another 8 weeks, and their colorectal were stained with H&E to detect microstructural alterations. Compared with the CT group, the HFD and MC-LR + HFD-treatment group induced a significant weight gain in the mice. Histopathological findings showed that the HFD- and MC-LR + HFD-treatment groups caused epithelial barrier disruption and infiltration of inflammatory cells. The HFD- and MC-LR + HFD-treatment groups raised the levels of inflammation mediator factors and decreased the expression of tight junction-related factors compared to the CT group. The expression levels of p-Raf/Raf and p-ERK/ERK in the HFD- and MC-LR + HFD-treatment groups were significantly increased compared with the CT group. Additionally, treated with MC-LR + HFD, the colorectal injury was further aggravated compared with the HFD-treatment group. These findings suggest that by stimulating the Raf/ERK signaling pathway, MC-LR may cause colorectal inflammation and barrier disruption. This study suggests that MC-LR treatment may exacerbate the colorectal toxicity caused by an HFD. These findings offer unique insights into the consequences and harmful mechanisms of MC-LR and provide strategies for preventing and treating intestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Shuilin Zheng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province, Department of Education, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Hanyu Chu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province, Department of Education, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Can Du
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Mengshi Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Mohammed Y. Emran
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Jihua Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province, Department of Education, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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11
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Hernandez BY, Zhu X, Nagata M, Loo L, Chan O, Wong LL. Cyanotoxin exposure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Toxicology 2023; 487:153470. [PMID: 36863303 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are ubiquitous in aquatic and terrestrial environments worldwide and include a number of species producing tumor-promoting hepatotoxins. Human exposure to cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins primarily occurs though ingestion of contaminated drinking water and food sources. In a Northeast U.S. population, we recently reported an independent association of oral cyanobacteria with risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In a cross-sectional study of 55 HCC patients in Hawaii, U.S.A., serum microcystin/nodularin (MC/NOD), cylindrospermopsin (CYN), and anabaenopeptin (AB) were measured by ELISA. In a subset of 16 patients, cyanotoxin levels were compared by tumor expression of over 700 genes analyzed via the Nanostring nCounter Fibrosis panel. MC/NOD, CYN, and AB were detected in all HCC patients. MC/NOD and CYN levels significantly varied by etiology with the highest levels in cases attributed to metabolic risk factors, specifically, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Cyanotoxin levels were significantly positively correlated with tumor expression of genes functioning in PPAR signaling and lipid metabolism. Our study provides novel albeit limited evidence that cyanotoxins may a role in the pathogenesis of HCC through the dysregulation of lipid metabolism and progression of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Y Hernandez
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, United States.
| | - Xuemei Zhu
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Michelle Nagata
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Lenora Loo
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - O Chan
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Linda L Wong
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, United States
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12
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Gao H, Zhu N, Deng S, Du C, Tang Y, Tang P, Xu S, Liu W, Shen M, Xiao X, Yang F. Combination Effect of Microcystins and Arsenic Exposures on CKD: A Case-Control Study in China. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:144. [PMID: 36828458 PMCID: PMC9964595 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence has shown that exposure to environmental pollutants such as microcystins (MCs), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd) can lead to the occurrence and development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). There is a synergistic effect between MCs and Cd. However, the combined effect of MCs and As exposures on CKD remains unclear. In Hunan province, China, 135 controls and 135 CKD cases were enrolled in a case-control study. Serum MCs, plasma As and Cd concentrations were measured for all participants. We investigated the association between MCs/As and CKD risk using conditional logistic regression. The additive model explored the interaction effect, and the Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models investigated the combined effects of MCs, As, and Cd on CKD. The results showed that MCs and As were significantly associated with CKD risk. Participants in the highest MCs concentration had a 4,81-fold increased risk of CKD compared to those in the lowest quartile (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1,96 to 11,81). The highest quartile of As concentrations corresponded to an adjusted odds ratio of 3.40 (95% CI: 1.51, 7.65) relative to the lowest quartile. MCs/As and CKD risk exhibited significant dose-response correlations (all p for trend < 0.01). In addition, a positive interaction effect of MCs and As on CKD was also reported. The CKD risk due to interaction was 2.34 times (95% CI: 0.14, 4.54) relative to the CKD risk without interaction, and the attributable proportion of CKD due to interaction among individuals with both exposures was 56% (95% CI: 0.22, 0.91). In the BKMR, the combined effect of MCs, As, and Cd was positively associated with CKD. In conclusion, both MCs and As are independent risk factors for CKD, exerting a synergistic effect between them. Combined exposure to MCs, As, and Cd can increase the risk of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Gao
- Nursing Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Na Zhu
- Nursing Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Shuxiang Deng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Can Du
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Peng Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Shuaishuai Xu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Wenya Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Minxue Shen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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13
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Chu H, Du C, Yang Y, Feng X, Zhu L, Chen J, Yang F. MC-LR Aggravates Liver Lipid Metabolism Disorders in Obese Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet via PI3K/AKT/mTOR/SREBP1 Signaling Pathway. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14120833. [PMID: 36548730 PMCID: PMC9784346 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14120833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a metabolic disease caused by excessive fat accumulation in the body, has attracted worldwide attention. Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a hepatotoxic cyanotoxin which has been reportedly to cause lipid metabolism disorder. In this study, C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for eight weeks to build obese an animal model, and subsequently, the obese mice were fed MC-LR for another eight weeks, and we aimed to determine how MC-LR exposure affects the liver lipid metabolism in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. The results show that MC-LR increased the obese mice serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), indicating damaged liver function. The lipid parameters include serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and liver TG, which were all increased, whilst the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) was decreased. Furthermore, after MC-LR treatment, histopathological observation revealed that the number of red lipid droplets increased, and that steatosis was more severe in the obese mice. In addition, the lipid synthesis-related genes were increased and the fatty acid β-oxidation-related genes were decreased in the obese mice after MC-LR exposure. Meanwhile, the protein expression levels of phosphorylation phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (p-PI3K), phosphorylation protein kinase B (p-AKT), phosphorylation mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP1-c) were increased; similarly, the p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, p-mTOR/mTOR, and SREBP1/β-actin were significantly up-regulated in obese mice after being exposed to MC-LR, and the activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR/SREBP1 signaling pathway. In addition, MC-LR exposure reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and increased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the obese mice's serum. In summary, the MC-LR could aggravate the HFD-induced obese mice liver lipid metabolism disorder by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/SREBP1 signaling pathway to hepatocytes, increasing the SREBP1-c-regulated key enzymes for lipid synthesis, and blocking fatty acid β-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Chu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Can Du
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xiangling Feng
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Lemei Zhu
- School of Public Health, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Jihua Chen
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (F.Y.)
| | - Fei Yang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province, Department of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (F.Y.)
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14
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Feng S, Deng S, Tang Y, Liu Y, Yang Y, Xu S, Tang P, Lu Y, Duan Y, Wei J, Liang G, Pu Y, Chen X, Shen M, Yang F. Microcystin-LR Combined with Cadmium Exposures and the Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Case-Control Study in Central China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15818-15827. [PMID: 36269891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that exposure to microcystin-LR (MC-LR) can cause kidney damage. However, the association between MC-LR exposure and chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk in humans has not been studied. Therefore, we conducted a population-based case-control study involving 135 CKD cases and 135 matched controls in central China and analyzed the effects of MC-LR alone as well as combined with the known risk factor cadmium (Cd). Compared to the lowest quartile of MC-LR exposure, the highest quartile had a 6.56-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.46, 17.51) significantly increased risk for CKD, displaying a dose-response relationship (ptrend < 0.001). Our animal study also showed that MC-LR exposure induced kidney injury via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Comparing the highest Cd quartile to the lowest, the adjusted odds ratio for CKD was 3.88 (95% CI: 1.47, 10.28), exhibiting a dose-response relationship (ptrend < 0.006). Furthermore, a positive additive interaction was observed between MC-LR and Cd (relative excess risk due to interaction = 1.81, 95% CI: 0.42, 3.20; attributable proportion of interaction = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.35, 1.05). Our study firstly revealed that MC-LR exposure is an independent risk factor for CKD and has a synergistic relationship with Cd. MC-LR and Cd exposures are associated with CKD risk in a dose-response manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuidong Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Shuxiang Deng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha410000, China
| | - Shuaishuai Xu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha410000, China
| | - Peng Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha410000, China
| | - Yanying Duan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha410000, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha410000, China
| | - Geyu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing210000, China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing210000, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha410000, China
| | - Minxue Shen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha410000, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha410000, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha410000, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing210000, China
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15
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Yang Y, Wang H, Wang X, Chen L, Liu W, Cai D, Deng S, Chu H, Liu Y, Feng X, Chen J, Chen M, Wang C, Liu R, Pu Y, Ding Z, Cao D, Long D, Cao Y, Yang F. Long-term environmental levels of microcystin-LR exposure induces colorectal chronic inflammation, fibrosis and barrier disruption via CSF1R/Rap1b signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 440:129793. [PMID: 36029734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a very common toxic cyanotoxins threating ecosystems and the public health. This study aims to explore the long-term effects and potential toxicity mechanisms of MC-LR exposure at environmental levels on colorectal injury. We performed histopathological, biochemical indicator and multi-omics analyses in mice with low-dose MC-LR exposure for 12 months. Long-term environmental levels of MC-LR exposure caused epithelial barrier disruption, inflammatory cell infiltration and an increase of collagen fibers in mouse colorectum. Integrated proteotranscriptomics revealed differential expression of genes/proteins, including CSF1R, which were mainly involved in oxidative stress-induced premature senescence and inflammatory response. MC-LR induced chronic inflammation and fibrosis through oxidative stress and CSF1R/Rap1b signaling pathway were confirmed in cell models. We found for the first time that long-term environmental levels of MC-LR exposure caused colorectal chronic inflammation, fibrosis and barrier disruption via a novel CSF1R/Rap1b signaling pathway. Moreover, MC-LR changed the gut microbiota and microbial-related metabolites in a vicious cycle aggravating colorectal injury. These findings provide novel insights into the effects and toxic mechanisms of MC-LR and suggest strategies for the prevention and treatment of MC-caused intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wenya Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Danping Cai
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shuxiang Deng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hanyu Chu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiangling Feng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jihua Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengshi Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengkun Wang
- Department of Medical Pathology, School of Basic Medical, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Deliang Cao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Dingxin Long
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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16
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Examination of Microcystin Adsorption by the Type of Plastic Materials Used during the Procedure of Microcystin Analysis. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090625. [PMID: 36136563 PMCID: PMC9502409 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of eutrophication is increasing due to fertilizer abuse and global warming. Eutrophication can induce the proliferation of cyanobacteria such as Microcystis, which produces microcystins. Microcystins are toxic to specific organs such as the liver and the heart. Thus, monitoring of microcystins is strongly required to control drinking water and agricultural product qualities. However, microcystins could be adsorbed by plastic materials during sample storage and preparation, hindering accurate analysis. Therefore, the current study examined the recovery rate of microcystins from six plastics used for containers and eight plastics used for membrane filters. Among the six plastics used for containers, polyethylene terephthalate showed the best recovery rate (≥81.3%) for 48 h. However, polypropylene, polystyrene, and high- and low-density polyethylenes showed significant adsorption after exposure for 1 hr. For membrane materials, regenerated cellulose (≥99.3%) showed the highest recovery rate of microcystins, followed by polyvinylidene fluoride (≥94.1%) and polytetrafluoroethylene (≥95.7%). The adsorption of microcystins appeared to be strongly influenced by various molecular interactions, including hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interaction. In addition, microcystins’ functional residues seemed to be critical factors affecting their adsorption by plastic materials. The present study demonstrates that polyethylene terephthalate and regenerated cellulose membrane are suitable plastic materials for the analysis of microcystins.
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17
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Liu H, Zeng X, Wang Y, Losiewicz MD, Chen X, Du X, Wang Y, Zhang B, Guo X, Yuan S, Yang F, Zhang H. Chronic Exposure to Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Microcystin-Leucine Arginine Causes Lung Barrier Damage through PP2A Activity Inhibition and Claudin1 Ubiquitination. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10907-10918. [PMID: 36026589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR), ubiquitous in water and food, is a threat to public health. In the present study, after C57BL/6J mice were fed with environmental concentrations of MC-LR (0, 1, 30, 60, 90, and 120 μg/L) for 6, 9, and 12 months, it was found that MC-LR could enter into mouse lung tissues and cause microstructural damage, as shown by western blotting and HE staining. Electron microscopy examination showed that MC-LR could damage the lung barrier by disruption of the tight junctions, which was confirmed by the decreased expression of tight junction markers, including Occludin, Claudin1, and ZO-1. In addition, MC-LR also increased the ubiquitination of Claudin1, indicating that MC-LR could disrupt tight junctions by promoting the degradation of Claudin1. Furthermore, MC-LR increased the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in mouse lung tissues, leading to pneumonia. Importantly, pretreatment with PP2A activator D-erythro-sphingosine (DES) was found to significantly alleviate MC-LR-induced decrease of Occludin and Claudin1 by inhibiting the P-AKT/Snail pathway in vitro. Together, this study revealed that chronic exposure to MC-LR causes lung barrier damage, which involves PP2A activity inhibition and enhancement of Claudin1 ubiquitination. This study broadens the awareness of the toxic effects of MC-LR on the respiratory system, which has deep implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, Henan, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, Henan, China
| | - Yueqin Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, Henan, China
| | - Michael D Losiewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St Mary's University, San Antonio78228, Texas, United States
| | - Xinghai Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St Mary's University, San Antonio78228, Texas, United States
| | - Xingde Du
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, Henan, China
| | - Yongshui Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, Henan, China
| | - Bingyu Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, Henan, China
| | - Xing Guo
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, Henan, China
| | - Shumeng Yuan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, Henan, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang421001, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha410008, Hunan, China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, Henan, China
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18
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Zhang J, Wei J, Massey IY, Peng T, Yang F. Immobilization of Microbes for Biodegradation of Microcystins: A Mini Review. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14080573. [PMID: 36006234 PMCID: PMC9416196 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14080573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCBs) frequently occur in eutrophic freshwater ecosystems worldwide. Microcystins (MCs) are considered to be the most prominent and toxic metabolites during HCBs. MCs may be harmful to human and animal health through drinking water and recreational water. Biodegradation is eco-friendly, cost-effective and one of the most effective methods to remove MCs. Many novel MC-degrading bacteria and their potential for MCs degradation have been documented. However, it is a challenge to apply the free MC-degrading bacterial cells in natural environments due to the long-term operational instability and difficult recycling. Immobilization is the process of restricting the mobility of bacteria using carriers, which has several advantages as biocatalysts compared to free bacterial cells. Biological water treatment systems with microbial immobilization technology can potentially be utilized to treat MC-polluted wastewater. In this review article, various types of supporting materials and methods for microbial immobilization and the application of bacterial immobilization technology for the treatment of MCs-contaminated water are discussed. This article may further broaden the application of microbial immobilization technology to the bioremediation of MC-polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Isaac Yaw Massey
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Tangjian Peng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Correspondence: (T.P.); (F.Y.); Tel./Fax: +86-731-8480-5460 (F.Y.)
| | - Fei Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province, Department of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Correspondence: (T.P.); (F.Y.); Tel./Fax: +86-731-8480-5460 (F.Y.)
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