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Ai H, Yang H, Li L, Ma J, Liu K, Li Z. Cancer/testis antigens: promising immunotherapy targets for digestive tract cancers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190883. [PMID: 37398650 PMCID: PMC10311965 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Digestive tract cancers, including esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers, are the major cause of death among cancer patients worldwide due to the heterogeneity of cancer cells, which limits the effectiveness of traditional treatment methods. Immunotherapy represents a promising treatment strategy for improving the prognosis of patients with digestive tract cancers. However, the clinical application of this approach is limited by the absence of optimal targets. Cancer/testis antigens are characterized by low or absent expression in normal tissues, but high expression in tumor tissues, making them an attractive target for antitumor immunotherapy. Recent preclinical trials have shown promising results for cancer/testis antigen-targeted immunotherapy in digestive cancer. However, practical problems and difficulties in clinical application remain. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of cancer/testis antigens in digestive tract cancers, covering their expression, function, and potential as an immunotherapy target. Additionally, the current state of cancer/testis antigens in digestive tract cancer immunotherapy is discussed, and we predict that these antigens hold great promise as an avenue for breakthroughs in the treatment of digestive tract cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihan Ai
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, China-United States (US) Hormel (Henan) Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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2
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New Drug Development and Clinical Trial Design by Applying Genomic Information Management. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081539. [PMID: 35893795 PMCID: PMC9330622 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Depending on the patients’ genotype, the same drug may have different efficacies or side effects. With the cost of genomic analysis decreasing and reliability of analysis methods improving, vast amount of genomic information has been made available. Several studies in pharmacology have been based on genomic information to select the optimal drug, determine the dose, predict efficacy, and prevent side effects. This paper reviews the tissue specificity and genomic information of cancer. If the tissue specificity of cancer is low, cancer is induced in various organs based on a single gene mutation. Basket trials can be performed for carcinomas with low tissue specificity, confirming the efficacy of one drug for a single gene mutation in various carcinomas. Conversely, if the tissue specificity of cancer is high, cancer is induced in only one organ based on a single gene mutation. An umbrella trial can be performed for carcinomas with a high tissue specificity. Some drugs are effective for patients with a specific genotype. A companion diagnostic strategy that prescribes a specific drug for patients selected with a specific genotype is also reviewed. Genomic information is used in pharmacometrics to identify the relationship among pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and biomarkers of disease treatment effects. Utilizing genomic information, sophisticated clinical trials can be designed that will be better suited to the patients of specific genotypes. Genomic information also provides prospects for innovative drug development. Through proper genomic information management, factors relating to drug response and effects can be determined by selecting the appropriate data for analysis and by understanding the structure of the data. Selecting pre-processing and appropriate machine-learning libraries for use as machine-learning input features is also necessary. Professional curation of the output result is also required. Personalized medicine can be realized using a genome-based customized clinical trial design.
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3
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Rodgers CB, Mustard CJ, McLean RT, Hutchison S, Pritchard AL. A B-cell or a key player? The different roles of B-cells and antibodies in melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2022; 35:303-319. [PMID: 35218154 PMCID: PMC9314792 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The B‐cell system plays an important role in the melanoma immune response; however, consensus has yet to be reached in many facets. Here, we comprehensively review human studies only, due to fundamental differences in the humoral response with animal models. Tumour‐infiltrating B‐cells are associated with contradictory prognostic values, reflecting a lack of agreement between studies on cell subset classification and differences in the markers used, particularly the common use of a single marker not differentiating multiple subsets. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) organise T‐cells and B‐cells within tumours to generate a local anti‐tumour response and TLS presence associates with improved survival in response to immune checkpoint blockade, in late‐stage disease. Autoantibody production is increased in melanoma patients and has been proposed as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment/toxicity response; however, no consistent targets are yet identified. The function of antibodies in an anti‐tumour response is determined by its isotype and subclass; IgG4 is immune‐suppressive and robustly correlate with poor patient survival in melanoma. We conclude that the current B‐cell literature needs careful interpretation based on the methods used and that we need a consensus of markers to define B‐cells and associated lymphoid organs. Furthermore, future studies need to not only examine antibody targets, but also isotypes when considering functional roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe B Rodgers
- Genetics and Immunology Department, Division of Biomedical Research, Institute of Health Research and Innovation, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK
| | - Colette J Mustard
- Genetics and Immunology Department, Division of Biomedical Research, Institute of Health Research and Innovation, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK
| | - Ryan T McLean
- Genetics and Immunology Department, Division of Biomedical Research, Institute of Health Research and Innovation, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK
| | - Sharon Hutchison
- Genetics and Immunology Department, Division of Biomedical Research, Institute of Health Research and Innovation, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK
| | - Antonia L Pritchard
- Genetics and Immunology Department, Division of Biomedical Research, Institute of Health Research and Innovation, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK
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4
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Current Advances in the Treatment of BRAF-Mutant Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020482. [PMID: 32092958 PMCID: PMC7072236 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer. Melanoma is usually curable with surgery if detected early, however, treatment options for patients with metastatic melanoma are limited and the five-year survival rate for metastatic melanoma had been 15-20% before the advent of immunotherapy. Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors has increased long-term survival outcomes in patients with advanced melanoma to as high as 50% although individual response can vary greatly. A mutation within the MAPK pathway leads to uncontrollable growth and ultimately develops into cancer. The most common driver mutation that leads to this characteristic overactivation in the MAPK pathway is the B-RAF mutation. Current combinations of BRAF and MEK inhibitors that have demonstrated improved patient outcomes include dabrafenib with trametinib, vemurafenib with cobimetinib or encorafenib with binimetinib. Treatment with BRAF and MEK inhibitors has met challenges as patient responses began to drop due to the development of resistance to these inhibitors which paved the way for development of immunotherapies and other small molecule inhibitor approaches to address this. Resistance to these inhibitors continues to push the need to expand our understanding of novel mechanisms of resistance associated with treatment therapies. This review focuses on the current landscape of how resistance occurs with the chronic use of BRAF and MEK inhibitors in BRAF-mutant melanoma and progress made in the fields of immunotherapies and other small molecules when used alone or in combination with BRAF and MEK inhibitors to delay or circumvent the onset of resistance for patients with stage III/IV BRAF mutant melanoma.
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5
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Almutairi AR, McBride A, Slack M, Erstad BL, Abraham I. Potential Immune-Related Adverse Events Associated With Monotherapy and Combination Therapy of Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, and Pembrolizumab for Advanced Melanoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:91. [PMID: 32117745 PMCID: PMC7033582 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The use of ipilimumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab as monotherapies or in combination has transformed the management of advanced melanoma even though these drugs are associated with a new profile of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The incidence of irAEs from clinical trials of these agents is an important factor for clinicians when treating patients with advanced melanoma. In the current study, we aimed to profile the incidence of potential irAEs of these agents when used as monotherapy and as combination therapy. Methods: We searched the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases; clinicaltrials.gov; and websites of regulatory agencies in the USA, Europe, Australia, and Japan for phase 1-3 trials of ipilimumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab for advanced melanoma. Random effect meta-analysis was utilized to profile the incidence of potential irAEs. Results: A total of 58 reports of 35 trials including 6,331 patients with advanced melanoma and reporting irAE data were included in the meta-analyses. We found higher incidences of potential irAEs in combination therapies vs. monotherapies for most of the types of irAEs. Among the monotherapies, ipilimumab users had the most frequent incidence of potential irAEs related to the gastrointestinal system (diarrhea, 29%; and colitis, 8%) and skin (rash, 31%; pruritus, 27%; and dermatitis, 10%), with hypophysitis in 4% of the patients. The most frequent potential irAEs among nivolumab users were maculopapular rash (13%), erythema (4%), hepatitis (3%), and infusion-related reactions (3%), while they were arthralgia (12%), hypothyroidism (8%), and hyperglycemia (6%), among pembrolizumab users. Conclusion: Especially the combination therapies tend to elevate the incidence of potential irAEs. Clinicians should be vigilant about irAEs following combination therapy as well as gastrointestinal and skin irAEs following ipilimumab therapy, in addition to being aware of potential irAEs leading to hyperglycemia, thyroid, hepatic, and musculoskeletal disorders following nivolumab and pembrolizumab therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaali R Almutairi
- Center for Health Outcomes and PharmacoEconomic Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ali McBride
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Marion Slack
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Brian L Erstad
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ivo Abraham
- Center for Health Outcomes and PharmacoEconomic Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, United States
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6
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Perez-Santos M, Guerrero-González T, Gómez-Conde E, Cebada J, Flores A, Villa-Ruano N. Treatment of cancer with an anti-KIR antibody: a patent evaluation of US9879082 and US2018208652. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:159-162. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1717469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Perez-Santos
- Dirección De Innovación Y Transferencia De Conocimiento, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma De Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Tayde Guerrero-González
- Servicio De Traumatología Y Ortopedia, Hospital Regional 1o. De Octubre, Instituto De Seguridad Y Servicios Sociales De Los Trabajadores Del Estado, México, México
| | - Eduardo Gómez-Conde
- Laboratorio De Investigación En Inmunobiología, Facultad De Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma De Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Jorge Cebada
- Facultad De Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma De Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Amira Flores
- Instituto De Fisiología, Benemerita Universidad Autónoma De Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Nemesio Villa-Ruano
- Dirección De Innovación Y Transferencia De Conocimiento, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma De Puebla, Puebla, México
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7
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Perez-Santos M, Anaya-Ruiz M, Herrera-Camacho I, Rosas-Murrieta NH, Millán-Pérez Peña L. Cancer combinatorial immunotherapy using etigilimab and nivolumab: a patent evaluation of WO2018102536. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:83-86. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1709445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Perez-Santos
- Dirección de Innovación y Transferencia de Conocimiento, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Maricruz Anaya-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, México
| | - Irma Herrera-Camacho
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Centro de Química del Instituto de Ciencias (ICUAP), Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Nora Hilda Rosas-Murrieta
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Centro de Química del Instituto de Ciencias (ICUAP), Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Lourdes Millán-Pérez Peña
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Centro de Química del Instituto de Ciencias (ICUAP), Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
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8
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Lu J, Li L, Lan Y, Liang Y, Meng H. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated pituitary-adrenal dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Med 2019; 8:7503-7515. [PMID: 31679184 PMCID: PMC6912062 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With the growing use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), case reports of rare yet life-threatening pituitary-adrenal dysfunctions, particularly for hypopituitarism, are increasingly being published. In this analysis, we focus on these events by including the most recent publications and reports from early phase I/II and phase III clinical trials and comparing the incidence and risks across different ICI regimens. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched from inception to April 2019 for clinical trials that reported on pituitary-adrenal dysfunction. The rates of events, odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using random effects meta-analysis. The analyses included data from 160 trials involving 40 432 participants. The rate was 2.43% (95% CI, 1.73%-3.22%) for all-grade adrenal insufficiency and 3.25% (95% CI, 2.15%-4.51%) for hypophysitis. Compared with the placebo or other therapeutic regimens, ICI agents were associated with a higher incidence of serious-grade adrenal insufficiency (OR 3.19, 95% CI, 1.84 to 5.54) and hypophysitis (OR 4.77, 95% CI, 2.60 to 8.78). Among 71 serious-grade hypopituitarism instances in 12 336 patients, there was a significant association between ICIs and hypopituitarism (OR 3.62, 95% CI, 1.86 to 7.03). Substantial heterogeneity was noted across the studies for the rates of these events, which in part was attributable to the different types of ICIs and varied phases of the clinical trials. Although the rates of these events were low, the risk was increased following ICI-based treatment, particularly for CTLA-4 inhibitors, which were associated with a higher incidence of pituitary-adrenal dysfunction than PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lulu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Lan
- Department of Pharmacy, Huangshi Center Hospital, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haiyang Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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9
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Perez-Santos M, Anaya-Ruiz M, Herrera-Camacho I, Millán-Pérez Peña L, Rosas-Murrieta NH. Bispecific anti-OX40/CTLA-4 antibodies for advanced solid tumors: a patent evaluation of WO2018202649. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:921-924. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1681400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Perez-Santos
- Oficina de Comercialización de Tecnología, Centro Universitario de Vinculación y Transferencia de Tecnología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Maricruz Anaya-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Irma Herrera-Camacho
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Centro de Química del Instituto de Ciencias (ICUAP), Edificio 103F, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Millán-Pérez Peña
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Centro de Química del Instituto de Ciencias (ICUAP), Edificio 103F, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Nora Hilda Rosas-Murrieta
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Centro de Química del Instituto de Ciencias (ICUAP), Edificio 103F, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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10
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Antibody Responses to Cancer Antigens Identify Patients with a Poor Prognosis among HPV-Positive and HPV-Negative Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:7405-7412. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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Herrera-Camacho I, Anaya-Ruiz M, Perez-Santos M, Millán-Pérez Peña L, Bandala C, Landeta G. Cancer immunotherapy using anti-TIM3/PD-1 bispecific antibody: a patent evaluation of EP3356411A1. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:587-593. [PMID: 31241380 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1637422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: TIM3 and PD-1 are checkpoint inhibitors in cancer that coordinate the downregulation of the proliferation of antigen-specific lymphocytes. There is a great need to discover and develop new therapies focused on inhibiting the action of TIM3 and PD-1 and consequently improving the immune response in the various types of cancer. The authors of patent EP3356411A1 propose several anti-TIM3/anti-PD-1 bispecific antibodies, as well as the method for producing them and their pharmacological application in the treatment of cancer. Areas covered: Patent EP3356411A1 describes a method by producing anti-TIM3/anti-PD-1 bispecific antibodies and their potential in cancer treatment. Expert opinion: Data supporting the patent demonstrate the ability by producing anti-TIM3/anti-PD-1 bispecific antibodies. Although the proposed methodology is very interesting and promising, further studies are necessary to assess the clinical applicability of the inventions on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Herrera-Camacho
- a Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Centro de Química del Instituto de Ciencias (ICUAP), Edificio 103F, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla , Puebla , Mexico
| | - Maricruz Anaya-Ruiz
- b Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec , Puebla , Mexico
| | - Martin Perez-Santos
- c Oficina de Comercialización de Tecnología, Dirección de Innovación y Transferencia de Conocimiento, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla , Puebla , México
| | - Lourdes Millán-Pérez Peña
- a Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Centro de Química del Instituto de Ciencias (ICUAP), Edificio 103F, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla , Puebla , Mexico
| | - Cindy Bandala
- d Departamento de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación , Ciudad de México , Mexico
| | - Gerardo Landeta
- e Coordinación de Investigación Aplicada, Centro Universitario de Vinculación y Transferencia de Tecnología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla , Puebla , México
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12
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Perez-Santos M, Anaya-Ruiz M, Herrera-Camacho I, Millán-Pérez Peña L. Cancer combinatorial immunotherapy using anti-OX40 agonist and anti-PD-L1 antagonist: a patent evaluation of US2018256711A1. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:481-485. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1634690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Perez-Santos
- Oficina de Comercialización de Tecnología, Dirección de Innovación y Transferencia de Conocimiento, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, CP, México
| | - Maricruz Anaya-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, CP, Mexico
| | - Irma Herrera-Camacho
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Centro de Química del Instituto de Ciencias (ICUAP), Edificio 103F, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, CP, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Millán-Pérez Peña
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Centro de Química del Instituto de Ciencias (ICUAP), Edificio 103F, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, CP, Mexico
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13
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Baxevanis CN. T-cell recognition of non-mutated tumor antigens in healthy individuals: connecting endogenous immunity and tumor dormancy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:705-707. [PMID: 30955066 PMCID: PMC11028204 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02335-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The concept of a dual functional programme of the immune system to destroy malignant cells but also to edit their immunogenic profile, considerably improved our understanding of the process of tumor evolution in the context of a continuum of interactions between tumor cells and immune lymphocytes. Such an endogenous antitumor immunity throughout the period of cancer development established the concept of cancer immunomodulation which is practically based on a process of selection of more clonal tumors which are manageable by the immune system and constitute the equilibrium phase of immunoediting. The duration of this phase is very important, because the immune system keeps the tumor in a dormant state via cell interactions which establish a balanced state of tumor immunosurveillance versus tumor immune evasion. Depending on the quality and quantity of antitumor immune reactivity and the effectiveness of resistance mechanisms employed by the tumor cells to counteract this immune attack, the equilibrium phase may have shorter or longer duration. Notwithstanding its natural course, the equilibrium phase should be considered as a part of tumor evolutionary process guided by genetic as well as epigenetic changes which in turn activate endogenous cellular immunity to certain levels capable of controlling tumor growth rates and maintain tumor dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin N Baxevanis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, St Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras Ave, 11522, Athens, Greece.
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14
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Fässler M, Diem S, Mangana J, Hasan Ali O, Berner F, Bomze D, Ring S, Niederer R, Del Carmen Gil Cruz C, Pérez Shibayama CI, Krolik M, Siano M, Joerger M, Recher M, Risch L, Güsewell S, Risch M, Speiser DE, Ludewig B, Levesque MP, Dummer R, Flatz L. Antibodies as biomarker candidates for response and survival to checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma patients. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:50. [PMID: 30786924 PMCID: PMC6383238 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0523-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term survival of stage IV melanoma patients has improved significantly with the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (CIs). Reliable biomarkers to predict response and clinical outcome are needed. Methods We investigated the role of melanoma-associated antibodies as predictive markers for CI therapy in two independent cohorts. In cohort 1, a prospective study, we measured specific antibodies before treatment, after one week and after six to nine weeks of treatment. Cohort 2 consisted of serum samples prior to CI therapy initiation. ELISA assays were performed to quantify specific IgG directed against melanocyte differentiation antigens tyrosinase-related proteins 1 and 2 (TRP1/TYRP1 and TRP2/TYRP2), glycoprotein 100 (gp100), MelanA/MART1, and the cancer-testis antigen NY-ESO-1. Response was defined as either complete or partial remission on CT scan according to RECIST 1.1. Results In cohort 1, baseline levels of these antibodies were higher in the responder group, although statistical significance was only reached for NY-ESO-1 (p = 0.007). In cohort 2, significantly higher antibody baseline levels for MelanA/MART1 (p = 0.003) and gp100 (p = 0.029) were found. After pooling the results from both cohorts, higher levels of MelanA/MART1 (p = 0.013), TRP1/TYRP1 (p = 0.048), TRP2/TYRP2 (p = 0.047) and NY-ESO-1 (p = 0.005) specific antibodies at baseline were independently associated with response. Conclusions Melanoma-associated antibodies may be candidate biomarkers for response and survival in metastatic melanoma patients being treated with CIs. These markers may be used to complement patient assessment, in combination with PD-L1 status, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and tumor mutational burden, with the aim to predict outcome of CI treatment in patients with metastatic melanoma. Trial registration Ethikkommission Ostschweiz, EKOS 16/079 https://ongoingprojects.swissethics.ch/runningProjects_list.php?q=%28BASECID~contains~2016-00998%29&orderby=dBASECID. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40425-019-0523-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Fässler
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, Rorschacher Str. 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Diem
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, Rorschacher Str. 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology/Hematology, Spital Grabs, Spitalstrasse 44, 9472, Grabs, Switzerland
| | - Joanna Mangana
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Omar Hasan Ali
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fiamma Berner
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - David Bomze
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Ring
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Rebekka Niederer
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Michal Krolik
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Marco Siano
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, Rorschacher Str. 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Markus Joerger
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, Rorschacher Str. 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Mike Recher
- Clinic for Primary Immunodeficiency, Medical Outpatient Unit and Immunodeficiency Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, Hebelstrasse 20, 4067, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Risch
- Labormedizinisches Zentrum Dr. Risch Ostschweiz AG, Brauerstrasse 95, 9016, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Center of Laboratory Medicine, University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.,Private University Triesen, Dorfstrasse 24, 9495, Triesen, Liechtenstein
| | - Sabine Güsewell
- Clinical Trials Unit, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, Bedastrasse 1, 9000, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Martin Risch
- Labormedizinisches Zentrum Dr. Risch Ostschweiz AG, Brauerstrasse 95, 9016, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kantonsspital Graubünden, Loestrasse 170, 7000, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Daniel E Speiser
- Ludwig Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066 Épalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Flatz
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland. .,Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, Rorschacher Str. 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland. .,Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, Rorschacher Str. 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland. .,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Clinical Trials Unit, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, Bedastrasse 1, 9000, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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