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Webb DA, Meyer MJ, Medubi KM, Tylek AS, Yocum GT, Roni MSR, Zahn NM, Swartwout SA, Masoud AK, Emala CW, Stafford DC, Arnold LA. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Spiro Imidazobenzodiazepines to Identify Improved Inhaled Bronchodilators. J Med Chem 2023; 66:9853-9865. [PMID: 37418196 PMCID: PMC10833105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Novel gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAAR) ligands structurally related to imidazobenzodiazepine MIDD0301 were synthesized using spiro-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs). These compounds demonstrated increased resistance to phase 2 metabolism and avoided the formation of a 6H isomer. Compound design was guided by molecular docking using the available crystal structure of the α1β3γ2 GABAAR and correlated with in vitro binding data. The carboxylic acid containing GABAAR ligands have high aqueous solubility, low permeability, and low cell toxicity. The inability of GABAAR ligands to cross the blood-brain barrier was confirmed in vivo by the absence of sensorimotor inhibition. Pharmacological activities at lung GABAARs were demonstrated by ex vivo relaxation of guinea pig airway smooth muscle and reduction of methacholine-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in conscious mice. We identified bronchodilator 5c with an affinity of 9 nM for GABAARs that was metabolically stable in the presence of human and mouse microsomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Webb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Michelle J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Kayode M Medubi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Anika S Tylek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Gene T Yocum
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - M S Rashid Roni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Nicolas M Zahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Sarah A Swartwout
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Ahmad K Masoud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Charles W Emala
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | | | - Leggy A Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
- Pantherics Incorporated, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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2
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Motiwala HF, Armaly AM, Cacioppo JG, Coombs TC, Koehn KRK, Norwood VM, Aubé J. HFIP in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:12544-12747. [PMID: 35848353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) is a polar, strongly hydrogen bond-donating solvent that has found numerous uses in organic synthesis due to its ability to stabilize ionic species, transfer protons, and engage in a range of other intermolecular interactions. The use of this solvent has exponentially increased in the past decade and has become a solvent of choice in some areas, such as C-H functionalization chemistry. In this review, following a brief history of HFIP in organic synthesis and an overview of its physical properties, literature examples of organic reactions using HFIP as a solvent or an additive are presented, emphasizing the effect of solvent of each reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashim F Motiwala
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Ahlam M Armaly
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Jackson G Cacioppo
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Thomas C Coombs
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403 United States
| | - Kimberly R K Koehn
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Verrill M Norwood
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
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3
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Rashid Roni MS, Zahn NM, Yocum GT, Webb DA, Mian MY, Meyer MJ, Tylek AS, Cook JM, Emala CW, Stafford DC, Arnold LA. Comparative pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic study of MIDD0301 and its (S) enantiomer. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:979-992. [PMID: 35246861 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
MIDD0301 is being developed as an oral drug to relax airway smooth muscle (ASM) and reduce lung inflammation in asthma. We report a comparative study of MIDD0301 and its S isomer (MIDD0301S), and found that the compounds have equivalent affinity for γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAA R) expressed in rat brain, with half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 25.1 and 26.3 nM for the S and R enantiomers, respectively. Both compounds relaxed substance P contracted ASM within 30 min and neither enantiomer revealed affinity to 48 receptors in an off-target screen. Both enantiomers reduced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) with nebulized and oral dosing in two mouse models of bronchoconstriction. In A/J mice, which are very sensitive to methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction, we observed reduction of AHR at 10.8 mg/kg MIDD0301 and 15 mg/kg MIDD0301S. Using oral administration, 100 mg/kg/day for 3 days of either enantiomer was sufficient to reduce AHR. In a model of severe airway inflammation induced by interferon-γ and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we observed reduction of AHR at 7.2 mg/kg for both enantiomers using nebulized administration, and at 100 mg/kg for oral administration. MIDD0301 and MIDD0301S did not undergo Phase I metabolism. Glucuronidation was observed for both compounds, whereas only MIDD0301 formed the corresponding glucoside in the presence of kidney microsomes. Pharmacokinetic analysis identified glucuronides as the major metabolite with concentrations up to 20-fold more than the parent compound. MIDD0301 glucuronide and MIDD0301 taurine bind GABAA Rs, although 10-fold weaker than MIDD0301. In mouse blood, the taurine adduct was only observed for MIDD0301. Overall, both compounds exhibited similar receptor binding and pharmacodynamic properties with subtle differences in metabolism and greater oral availability and blood concentrations of MIDD0301S.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Rashid Roni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nicolas M Zahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Gene T Yocum
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel A Webb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Md Yeunus Mian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michelle J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Anika S Tylek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - James M Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Charles W Emala
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Leggy A Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Pantherics Incorporated, La Jolla, California, USA
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4
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Zahn N, Roni MSR, Yocum GT, Meyer MJ, Webb DA, Mian MY, Cook JM, Stafford DC, Emala CW, Arnold LA. Development of Inhaled GABA A Receptor Modulators to Improve Airway Function in Bronchoconstrictive Disorders. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:80-88. [PMID: 35187417 PMCID: PMC8844962 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the modification of MIDD0301, an imidazodiazepine GABAA receptor (GABAAR) ligand, using two alkyl substituents. We developed PI310 with a 6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl chain as used in the long-acting β2-agonist salmeterol and PI320 with a poly(ethylene glycol) chain as used to improve the brain:plasma ratio of naloxegol, a naloxone analogue. Both imidazodiazepines showed affinity toward the GABAAR binding site of clonazepam, with IC50 values of 576 and 242 nM, respectively. Molecular docking analysis, using the available α1β3γ2 GABAAR structural data, suggests binding of the diazepine core between the α1+/γ2- interface, whereas alkyl substituents are located outside the binding site and thus interact with the protein surface and solvent molecules. The physicochemical properties of these compounds are very different. The solubility of PI310 is low in water. PEGylation of PI320 significantly improves aqueous solubility and cell permeability. Neither compound is toxic in HEK293 cells following exposure at >300 μM for 18 h. Ex vivo studies using guinea pig tracheal rings showed that PI310 was unable to relax the constricted airway smooth muscle. In contrast, PI320 induced muscle relaxation at organ bath concentrations as low as 5 μM, with rapid onset (15 min) at 25 μM. PI320 also reduced airway hyper-responsiveness in vivo in a mouse model of steroid-resistant lung inflammation induced by intratracheal challenge with INFγ and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). At nebulized doses of 7.2 mg/kg, PI320 and albuterol were equally effective in reducing airway hyper-responsiveness. Ten minutes after nebulization, the lung concentration of PI320 was 50-fold that of PI310, indicating superior availability of PI320 when nebulized as an aqueous solution. Overall, PI320 is a promising inhaled drug candidate to quickly relax airway smooth muscle in bronchoconstrictive disorders, such as asthma. Future studies will evaluate the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of PI320 when administered orally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas
M. Zahn
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug
Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - M. S. Rashid Roni
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug
Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Gene T. Yocum
- Department
of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Michelle J. Meyer
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug
Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Daniel A. Webb
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug
Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Md Yeunus Mian
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug
Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - James M. Cook
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug
Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | | | - Charles W. Emala
- Department
of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Leggy A. Arnold
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug
Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States,Pantherics
Incorporated, La Jolla, California 92037, United States,
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5
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Zahn N, Mikulsky BN, Roni MSR, Yocum GT, Mian MY, Knutson DE, Cook JM, Emala CW, Stafford DC, Arnold LA. Nebulized MIDD0301 Reduces Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Moderate and Severe Murine Asthma Models. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:1381-1390. [PMID: 33344908 PMCID: PMC7737320 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We report the relaxation of methacholine-constricted airways with nebulized MIDD0301, a positive allosteric γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR) modulator. The therapeutic efficacy of nebulized MIDD0301 in reducing airway resistance was investigated in spontaneous breathing mice using a whole-body plethysmograph and in unconscious mice using a forced oscillation technique. Prophylactic nebulized MIDD0301 reduced subsequent methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in ovalbumin and house dust mite allergic asthma models and in normal mice. Nebulized MIDD0301 exhibited comparable or better therapeutic potency compared to nebulized albuterol and oral montelukast. Prophylactic nebulized MIDD0301 was also effective in reducing bronchoconstriction, comparable to nebulized albuterol or fluticasone, in a steroid resistant asthma mouse model induced by intratracheal installation of lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma. Oral dexamethasone was ineffective in this model. Nebulized MIDD0301 was also effective in reversing bronchospasm when dosed after methacholine challenge comparable to albuterol. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that about 0.06% of nebulized MIDD0301 entered the mouse lung when using a whole body plethysmograph and therapeutic levels were sustained in the lung for at least 25 min. Consistent with previous reports on orally dosed MIDD0301, high doses of nebulized MIDD0301 resulted in minimal brain exposure and thus no observable adverse sensorimotor or respiratory depression effects occurred. In addition, no adverse cardiovascular effects were observed following 100 mg/kg i.p. dosing. These results further demonstrate that charged imidazodiazepine MIDD0301 can selectively target lung GABAAR without adverse motor, cardiovascular, or respiratory effects and inhaled dosing is effective in reducing bronchoconstriction in allergen and infectious lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas
M. Zahn
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug
Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | | | - M. S. Rashid Roni
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug
Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Gene T. Yocum
- Department
of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Md Yeunus Mian
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug
Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Daniel E. Knutson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug
Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - James M. Cook
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug
Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Charles W. Emala
- Department
of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Douglas C. Stafford
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug
Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States,Pantherics
Incorporated, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Leggy A. Arnold
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug
Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States,Pantherics
Incorporated, La Jolla, California 92037, United States,
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6
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Monocyte chemotactic protein-inducing protein 1 negatively regulating asthmatic airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion involving γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 134:88-97. [PMID: 33009026 PMCID: PMC7862809 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence, consistent with our previous study, showed that γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR) played an indispensable role in airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in asthma. Monocyte chemotactic protein-inducing protein 1 (MCPIP1) was a key negative regulator of inflammation. Recent studies showed that inflammation was largely suppressed by enhanced MCPIP1 expression in many inflammatory diseases. However, the role and potential mechanism of MCPIP1 in airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in asthma were still not well studied. This study was to explore the role of MCPIP1 in asthmatic airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in both mice and BEAS-2B cells, and its potential mechanism. METHODS In vivo, mice were sensitized and challenged by ovalbumin (OVA) to induce asthma. Airway inflammation and mucus secretion were analyzed. In vitro, BEAS-2B cells were chosen. Interleukin (IL)-13 was used to stimulate inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in cells. MCPIP1 Lentiviral vector (LA-MCPIP1) and plasmid-MCPIP1 were used to up-regulate MCPIP1 in lung and cells, respectively. MCP-1, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), MCPIP1, and GABAARβ2 expressions were measured in both lung and BEAS-2B cells. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to observe the expression of GABAARβ2 in cells. RESULTS MCPIP1 was up-regulated by LA-MCPIP1 (P < 0.001) and plasmid-MCPIP1 (P < 0.001) in lung and cells, respectively. OVA-induced airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion, OVA-enhanced MCP-1, TSLP, MUC5AC, and GABAARβ2 expressions, and OVA-reduced MCPIP1 were significantly blunted by LA-MCPIP1 in mice (all P < 0.001). IL-13-enhanced MCP-1, TSLP, MUC5AC, and GABAARβ2 expressions, and IL-13-reduced MCPIP1 were markedly abrogated by plasmid-MCPIP1 in BEAS-2B cells (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The results of this study suggested that OVA and IL-13-induced airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion were negatively regulated by MCPIP1 in both lung and BEAS-2B cells, involving GABAAR signaling pathway.
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Li G, Nieman AN, Mian MY, Zahn NM, Mikulsky BN, Poe MM, Methuku KR, Liu Y, Cook JM, Stafford DC, Arnold LA. A Structure-Activity Relationship Comparison of Imidazodiazepines Binding at Kappa, Mu, and Delta Opioid Receptors and the GABA A Receptor. Molecules 2020; 25:E3864. [PMID: 32854311 PMCID: PMC7503500 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties mediated by the κ opioid receptor (KOR) have been reported for oxadiazole imidazodiazepines. Affinities determined by radioligand competition assays of more than seventy imidazodiazepines using cell homogenates from HEK293 cells that overexpress KOR, µ opioid receptor (MOR), and δ opioid receptor (DOR) are presented. Affinities to synaptic, benzodiazepine-sensitive receptors (BZR) were determined with rat brain extract. The highest affinity for KOR was recorded for GL-I-30 (Ki of 27 nM) and G-protein recruitment was observed with an EC50 of 32 nM. Affinities for MOR and DOR were weak for all compounds. Ester and amide imidazodiazepines were among the most active KOR ligands but also competed with 3H-flunitrazepam for brain extract binding, which is mediated predominately by gamma aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAAR) of the α1-3β2-3γ1-2 subtypes. Imidazodiazepines with carboxylic acid and primary amide groups did not bind KOR but interacted strongly with GABAARs. Pyridine substitution reduced KOR affinity. Oxadiazole imidazodiazepines exhibited good KOR binding and interacted weakly with BZR, whereas oxazole imidazodiazepines were more selective towards BZR. Compounds that lack the imidazole moiety, the pendent phenyl, or pyridine substitutions exhibited insignificant KOR affinities. It can be concluded that a subset of imidazodiazepines represents novel KOR ligands with high selectivity among opioid receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Azepines/chemistry
- Azepines/pharmacology
- GABA-A Receptor Agonists/chemistry
- GABA-A Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, GABA-A/chemistry
- Receptors, GABA-A/genetics
- Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanguan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Amanda N. Nieman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA; (A.N.N.); (M.Y.M.); (N.M.Z.); (K.R.M.); (J.M.C.); (D.C.S.)
| | - Md Yeunus Mian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA; (A.N.N.); (M.Y.M.); (N.M.Z.); (K.R.M.); (J.M.C.); (D.C.S.)
| | - Nicolas M. Zahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA; (A.N.N.); (M.Y.M.); (N.M.Z.); (K.R.M.); (J.M.C.); (D.C.S.)
| | | | - Michael M. Poe
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA;
| | - Kashi R. Methuku
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA; (A.N.N.); (M.Y.M.); (N.M.Z.); (K.R.M.); (J.M.C.); (D.C.S.)
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - James M. Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA; (A.N.N.); (M.Y.M.); (N.M.Z.); (K.R.M.); (J.M.C.); (D.C.S.)
| | - Douglas C. Stafford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA; (A.N.N.); (M.Y.M.); (N.M.Z.); (K.R.M.); (J.M.C.); (D.C.S.)
- Pantherics Incorporated, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Leggy A. Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA; (A.N.N.); (M.Y.M.); (N.M.Z.); (K.R.M.); (J.M.C.); (D.C.S.)
- Pantherics Incorporated, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
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Crocetti L, Guerrini G. GABA A receptor subtype modulators in medicinal chemistry: an updated patent review (2014-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:409-432. [PMID: 32200689 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1746764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Ligands at the benzodiazepine binding site of the GABAA receptor (GABAAR) act by modulating the effect of GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid). The benzodiazepine drugs are conventionally categorized as positive allosteric modulators enhancing the chloride ion current GABA-induced. In literature there are also reported ligands that act as negative allosteric modulators, reducing chloride ion current, and silent allosteric modulators not influencing the chloride ion flux.Areas covered: This review covers patents published from 2014 to present on ligands for the benzodiazepine binding site of the GABAARs. Patents filed from different companies and research groups report many compounds that may be used in the treatment/prevention of a large variety of diseases.Expert opinion: Since the discovery of the first benzodiazepine about 60 years have passed and about 50 years since the identification of their target, GABAA receptor. Even if benzodiazepines are the most popular anxiolytic drugs, the research in this field is still very active. From patents/application analysis arises that most of them claim methods for alleviating specific symptoms in different neurodegenerative diseases and their related memory deficits. Noteworthy is the presence of the α4- and α5-GABAA receptor subtype ligands as new pharmacological tools for airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation diseases, and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Crocetti
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Guerrini
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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9
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Arora N, Dhiman P, Kumar S, Singh G, Monga V. Recent advances in synthesis and medicinal chemistry of benzodiazepines. Bioorg Chem 2020; 97:103668. [PMID: 32106040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Benzodiazepines (BZDs) represent a diverse class of bicyclic heterocyclic molecules. In the last few years, benzodiazepines have emerged as potential therapeutic agents. As a result, several mild, efficient and high yielding protocols have been developed that offer access to various functionalized benzodiazepines (BZDs). They are known to possess a wide array of biological activities such as anxiolytic, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antipsychotics, muscle relaxant, anti-tuberculosis, and antimicrobial activities. The fascinating spectrum of biological activities exhibited by BZDs in various fields has prompted the medicinal chemist to design and discover novel benzodiazepine-based analogs as potential therapeutic candidates with the desired biological profile. In this review, an attempt has been made by to summarize (1) Recent advances in the synthetic chemistry of benzodiazepines which enable their synthesis with desired substitution pattern; (2) Medicinal chemistry of BZDs as therapeutic candidates with promising biological profile including insight of mechanistic studies; (3) The correlation of biological data with the structure i.e. structure-activity relationship studies were also included to provide an insight into the rational design of more active agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, G.T. Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Prashant Dhiman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, G.T. Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Shubham Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, G.T. Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, G.T. Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Vikramdeep Monga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, G.T. Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India.
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10
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Suleiman S, Klassen S, Katz I, Balakirski G, Krabbe J, von Stillfried S, Kintsler S, Braunschweig T, Babendreyer A, Spillner J, Kalverkamp S, Schröder T, Moeller M, Coburn M, Uhlig S, Martin C, Rieg AD. Argon reduces the pulmonary vascular tone in rats and humans by GABA-receptor activation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1902. [PMID: 30760775 PMCID: PMC6374423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38267-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Argon exerts neuroprotection. Thus, it might improve patients' neurological outcome after cerebral disorders or cardiopulmonary resuscitation. However, limited data are available concerning its effect on pulmonary vessel and airways. We used rat isolated perfused lungs (IPL) and precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) of rats and humans to assess this topic. IPL: Airway and perfusion parameters, oedema formation and the pulmonary capillary pressure (Pcap) were measured and the precapillary and postcapillary resistance (Rpost) was calculated. In IPLs and PCLS, the pulmonary vessel tone was enhanced with ET-1 or remained unchanged. IPLs were ventilated and PCLS were gassed with argon-mixture or room-air. IPL: Argon reduced the ET-1-induced increase of Pcap, Rpost and oedema formation (p < 0.05). PCLS (rat): Argon relaxed naïve pulmonary arteries (PAs) (p < 0.05). PCLS (rat/human): Argon attenuated the ET-1-induced contraction in PAs (p < 0.05). Inhibition of GABAB-receptors abolished argon-induced relaxation (p < 0.05) in naïve or ET-1-pre-contracted PAs; whereas inhibition of GABAA-receptors only affected ET-1-pre-contracted PAs (p < 0.01). GABAA/B-receptor agonists attenuated ET-1-induced contraction in PAs and baclofen (GABAB-agonist) even in pulmonary veins (p < 0.001). PLCS (rat): Argon did not affect the airways. Finally, argon decreases the pulmonary vessel tone by activation of GABA-receptors. Hence, argon might be applicable in patients with pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Suleiman
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sergej Klassen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ira Katz
- Medical Research & Development, Air Liquide Santé Internationale, Centre de Recherche Paris-Saclay, 78354, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Galina Balakirski
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Krabbe
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Svetlana Kintsler
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Braunschweig
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Aaron Babendreyer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Spillner
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kalverkamp
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schröder
- Department of Surgery, Luisenhospital Aachen, 52064, Aachen, Germany
| | - Manfred Moeller
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark Coburn
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Uhlig
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Martin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Annette D Rieg
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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11
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Forkuo GS, Nieman AN, Kodali R, Zahn NM, Li G, Rashid Roni MS, Stephen MR, Harris TW, Jahan R, Guthrie ML, Yu OB, Fisher JL, Yocum GT, Emala CW, Steeber DA, Stafford DC, Cook JM, Arnold LA. A Novel Orally Available Asthma Drug Candidate That Reduces Smooth Muscle Constriction and Inflammation by Targeting GABA A Receptors in the Lung. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1766-1777. [PMID: 29578347 PMCID: PMC5954213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe lead compound MIDD0301 for the oral treatment of asthma based on previously developed positive allosteric α5β3γ2 selective GABAA receptor (GABAAR) ligands. MIDD0301 relaxed airway smooth muscle at single micromolar concentrations as demonstrated with ex vivo guinea pig tracheal rings. MIDD0301 also attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in an ovalbumin murine model of asthma by oral administration. Reduced numbers of eosinophils and macrophages were observed in mouse bronchoalveolar lavage fluid without changing mucous metaplasia. Importantly, lung cytokine expression of IL-17A, IL-4, and TNF-α were reduced for MIDD0301-treated mice without changing antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels. Automated patch clamp confirmed amplification of GABA induced current mediated by α1-3,5β3γ2 GABAARs in the presence of MIDD0301. Pharmacodynamically, transmembrane currents of ex vivo CD4+ T cells from asthmatic mice were potentiated by MIDD0301 in the presence of GABA. The number of CD4+ T cells observed in the lung of MIDD0301-treated mice were reduced by an oral treatment of 20 mg/kg b.i.d. for 5 days. A half-life of almost 14 h was demonstrated by pharmacokinetic studies (PK) with no adverse CNS effects when treated mice were subjected to sensorimotor studies using the rotarod. PK studies also confirmed very low brain distribution. In conclusion, MIDD0301 represents a safe and improved oral asthma drug candidate that relaxes airway smooth muscle and attenuates inflammation in the lung leading to a reduction of AHR at a dosage lower than earlier reported GABAAR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria S. Forkuo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Amanda N. Nieman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Revathi Kodali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Nicolas M. Zahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Guanguan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - M. S. Rashid Roni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Michael Rajesh Stephen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Ted W. Harris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Rajwana Jahan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Margaret L. Guthrie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Olivia B. Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Janet L. Fisher
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Gene T. Yocum
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Charles W. Emala
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Douglas A. Steeber
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Douglas C. Stafford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - James M. Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Leggy A. Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
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12
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Knutson DE, Kodali R, Divović B, Treven M, Stephen MR, Zahn NM, Dobričić V, Huber AT, Meirelles MA, Verma RS, Wimmer L, Witzigmann C, Arnold LA, Chiou LC, Ernst M, Mihovilovic MD, Savić MM, Sieghart W, Cook JM. Design and Synthesis of Novel Deuterated Ligands Functionally Selective for the γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor (GABA AR) α6 Subtype with Improved Metabolic Stability and Enhanced Bioavailability. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2422-2446. [PMID: 29481759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports indicate that α6β2/3γ2 GABAAR selective ligands may be important for the treatment of trigeminal activation-related pain and neuropsychiatric disorders with sensori-motor gating deficits. Based on 3 functionally α6β2/3γ2 GABAAR selective pyrazoloquinolinones, 42 novel analogs were synthesized, and their in vitro metabolic stability and cytotoxicity as well as their in vivo pharmacokinetics, basic behavioral pharmacology, and effects on locomotion were investigated. Incorporation of deuterium into the methoxy substituents of the ligands increased their duration of action via improved metabolic stability and bioavailability, while their selectivity for the GABAAR α6 subtype was retained. 8b was identified as the lead compound with a substantially improved pharmacokinetic profile. The ligands allosterically modulated diazepam insensitive α6β2/3γ2 GABAARs and were functionally silent at diazepam sensitive α1β2/3γ2 GABAARs, thus no sedation was detected. In addition, these analogs were not cytotoxic, which render them interesting candidates for treatment of CNS disorders mediated by GABAAR α6β2/3γ2 subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Knutson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3210 N. Cramer St. , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
| | - Revathi Kodali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3210 N. Cramer St. , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
| | - Branka Divović
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Belgrade , Vojvode Stepe 450 , 11221 Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Marco Treven
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research , Medical University of Vienna , Spitalgasse 4 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Michael R Stephen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3210 N. Cramer St. , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
| | - Nicolas M Zahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3210 N. Cramer St. , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
| | - Vladimir Dobričić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Belgrade , Vojvode Stepe 450 , 11221 Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Alec T Huber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3210 N. Cramer St. , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
| | - Matheus A Meirelles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3210 N. Cramer St. , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
| | - Ranjit S Verma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3210 N. Cramer St. , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
| | - Laurin Wimmer
- TU Wien-Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , Getreidemarkt 9/163 , A-1060 Vienna , Austria
| | - Christopher Witzigmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3210 N. Cramer St. , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
| | - Leggy A Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3210 N. Cramer St. , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
| | - Lih-Chu Chiou
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science , China Medical University , Taichung 40402 , Taiwan
| | - Margot Ernst
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research , Medical University of Vienna , Spitalgasse 4 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Marko D Mihovilovic
- TU Wien-Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , Getreidemarkt 9/163 , A-1060 Vienna , Austria
| | - Miroslav M Savić
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Belgrade , Vojvode Stepe 450 , 11221 Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Werner Sieghart
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research , Medical University of Vienna , Spitalgasse 4 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - James M Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3210 N. Cramer St. , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
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13
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14
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Forkuo GS, Nieman AN, Yuan NY, Kodali R, Yu OB, Zahn NM, Jahan R, Li G, Stephen MR, Guthrie ML, Poe MM, Hartzler BD, Harris TW, Yocum GT, Emala CW, Steeber DA, Stafford DC, Cook JM, Arnold LA. Alleviation of Multiple Asthmatic Pathologic Features with Orally Available and Subtype Selective GABA A Receptor Modulators. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:2088-2098. [PMID: 28440659 PMCID: PMC5497587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We describe pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of two novel oral drug candidates for asthma. Phenolic α4β3γ2 GABAAR selective compound 1 and acidic α5β3γ2 selective GABAAR positive allosteric modulator compound 2 relaxed airway smooth muscle ex vivo and attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in a murine model of asthma. Importantly, compound 2 relaxed acetylcholine contracted human tracheal airway smooth muscle strips. Oral treatment of compounds 1 and 2 decreased eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in ovalbumin sensitized and challenged mice, thus exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, compound 1 reduced the number of lung CD4+ T lymphocytes and directly modulated their transmembrane currents by acting on GABAARs. Excellent pharmacokinetic properties were observed, including long plasma half-life (up to 15 h), oral availability, and extremely low brain distribution. In conclusion, we report the selective targeting of GABAARs expressed outside the brain and demonstrate reduction of AHR and airway inflammation with two novel orally available GABAAR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria S. Forkuo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Amanda N. Nieman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Nina Y. Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Revathi Kodali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Olivia B. Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Nicolas M. Zahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Rajwana Jahan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Guanguan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Michael Rajesh Stephen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Margaret L. Guthrie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Michael M. Poe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Benjamin D. Hartzler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Ted W. Harris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Gene T. Yocum
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10032
| | - Charles W. Emala
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10032
| | - Douglas A. Steeber
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Douglas C. Stafford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - James M. Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Leggy A. Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
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15
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Fischer BD, Schlitt RJ, Hamade BZ, Rehman S, Ernst M, Poe MM, Li G, Kodali R, Arnold LA, Cook JM. Pharmacological and antihyperalgesic properties of the novel α2/3 preferring GABA A receptor ligand MP-III-024. Brain Res Bull 2017; 131:62-69. [PMID: 28267561 PMCID: PMC5501353 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors are located in spinal nociceptive circuits where they modulate the transmission of pain sensory signals from the periphery to higher centers. Benzodiazepine-type drugs bind to GABAA receptors containing α1, α2, α3, and α5 subunits (α1GABAA, α2GABAA, α3GABAA and α5GABAA receptors, respectively) through which they inhibit the transmission of these signals. In the present study we describe the novel benzodiazepine site positive allosteric modulator modulator methyl 8-ethynyl-6-(pyridin-2-yl)-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]diazepine-3-carboxylate (MP-III-024). MP-III-024 displayed preference for α2GABAA and α3GABAA receptors relative to α1GABAA and α5GABAA receptors as well as an improved metabolic profile relative to subtype-selective positive modulators that are available currently. Administration of MP-III-024 resulted in a dose- and time-dependent reversal of mechanical hyperalgesia. On locomotor activity and schedule-controlled responding, MP-III-024 was ineffective across the doses tested. These data provide further evidence that α2GABAA and α3GABAA receptors play an important role in the antihyperalgesic effects and may not be involved in some of the undesired effects of benzodiazepine-like drugs. Further, these findings suggest that MP-III-024 is a suitable research tool for investigating the role of α2GABAA and α3GABAA receptors in the behavioral properties of benzodiazepine-like drugs in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradford D Fischer
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Department of Biomedical Sciences Camden, NJ 08103, USA.
| | - Raymond J Schlitt
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Department of Biomedical Sciences Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Bryan Z Hamade
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Department of Biomedical Sciences Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Sabah Rehman
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Molecular Neurosciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Margot Ernst
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Molecular Neurosciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael M Poe
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Guanguan Li
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Revathi Kodali
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Leggy A Arnold
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - James M Cook
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
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